UNIT3 赏名著·知识拓展（Word练习）-【拓展阅读】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

【导读】　《老人与海》是美国作家海明威于1951年在古巴写的一篇中篇小说，于1952年出版。它围绕一位老年古巴渔夫与一条巨大的马林鱼在离岸很远的湾流中搏斗而展开故事的讲述。它奠定了海明威在世界文学中的突出地位，这篇小说相继获得了1953年美国普利策奖和1954年诺贝尔文学奖。 The Old Man and the Sea (excerpt) He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty­four days now without taking a fish.In the first forty days a boy had been with him.But after forty days without a fish the boy's parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form of unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week.It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either the coiled lines or the gaff and harpoon and the sail that was furled around the mast.The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat. The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck.The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks.The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep­creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords.But none of these scars were fresh.They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert. Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated. “Santiago，” the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the skiff was hauled up.“I could go with you again.We've made some money.” The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him. 《老人与海》(节选) 他是个独自在湾流中一条小船上钓鱼的老人，至今已去了八十四天，一条鱼也没逮住。头四十天里，有个男孩子跟他在一起。可是，过了四十天还没捉到一条鱼，孩子的父母对他说，老人如今准是十足地“倒了血霉”，这就是说，倒霉到了极点，于是孩子听从了他们的吩咐，上了另外一条船，头一个礼拜就捕到了三条好鱼。孩子看见老人每天回来时船总是空的，感到很难受。他总是走下岸去，帮老人拿卷起的钓索，或者鱼钩和鱼叉，还有绕在桅杆上的帆。帆上用面粉袋片打了些补丁，收拢后看起来像是一面标志着永远失败的旗子。 老人消瘦而憔悴，脖颈上有些很深的皱纹，腮帮上有些褐斑，那是太阳在热带海面上反射的光线所引起的良性皮肤癌变。褐斑从他脸的两侧一直蔓延下去，他的双手常用绳索拉大鱼，留下了刻得很深的伤疤。但是这些伤疤中没有一块是新的。它们像无鱼可打的沙漠中被侵蚀的地方一般古老。 他身上的一切都显得古老，除了那双眼睛，它们像海水一般蓝，是愉快而不肯认输的。 “圣地亚哥，”他们俩从小船停泊的地方爬上岸时，孩子对他说。“我又能陪你出海了。我家挣到了一点儿钱。” 老人教会了这孩子捕鱼，孩子爱他。 知识积累 skiff/skɪf/ n.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　小划艇 furl/fɜːl/ v. 卷起 gaunt/ɡɔːnt/ adj. 瘦削憔悴的 blotch /blɒtʃ/ n. 斑点 benevolent/bə'nevələnt/ adj. 好心肠的 erosion/ɪ'rəʊʒ(ə)n/ n. 夜蚀；侵蚀 haul up 托起 But after forty days without a fish the boy's parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form of unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week. 【分析】　该句为复合句；that引导宾语从句；第一个which引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词salao；第二个which引导定语从句，修饰先行词another boat。 文化链接 　　尽管海明威笔下的老人是悲剧性的，但他身上却有着尼采“超人”的品质，泰然自若地接受失败，沉着勇敢地面对死亡，这些“硬汉子”体现了海明威的人生哲学和道德理想，即人类不向命运低头，永不服输的斗士精神和积极向上的乐观人生态度。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$