Unit 3 Section 2(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

[对应知能达标训练P25] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．It will be held in China Town lasting for a week with the intention to improve(improve) the passion for Chinese culture. 2．I'd like to invite you to take part in our 3­km race to be held(hold) in our playground this Saturday morning. 3．Ariel found that the swan which buried its neck in its wings seemed to have lost(lose) its all energy. 4．In my opinion，it is necessary for us to practice (practice) kung fu，because it can help us keep healthy. 5．To solve(solve) this issue，the garbage classification activity has been launched in our city recently. 6．Countries should team up with one another to work(work) out practical plans regarding ocean protection. 7．Our drama society plans to visit(visit) the Traditional Chinese Folk Customs Exhibition next Sunday. 8．You should actively overcome them，and take the opportunity to practise(practise) your spoken English and study hard. 9．Congratulations on being accepted as a volunteer for the school cross­country race to be held(hold) at the weekend. 10．I am writing to recommend(recommend) the literature club and keep you informed of some information about it. 11．We are going to set a stall at the gate of our community，appealing to people to make(make) some donations. 12．As far as I'm concerned，to love sports is to love(love) our life. 13．There is no denying that it takes a lot of effortsto produce(produce) food. 14．When we don't know how to express(express) ourselves clearly，we can use body language. 15．As far as I am concerned，it would be beneficial for us if you allow us to surf(surf) the Internet. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．至于保持健康的身体，我赞成你的想法，通过锻炼来增强你的体能。 As for keeping a healthy body，I am in favor of your idea to take exercise to strengthen your body. 2．我的英语很好，这使我可以自由地与外国人交流。 I have a good command of English，which allows me to communicate with foreigners freely． 3．为了解决这个问题，我们公司推出了家用机器人，它是为了照顾老人而设计的。 To solve this problem，our company put out the household robot，which is designed to take care of old people． 4．我们不再是孩子了，所以我们有能力对自己的行为负责。 We are not children anymore，so we have the ability to be responsible for our behavior． 5．我认为这将是一个很好的机会，让你看到一些美丽的、有意义的以及有趣的东西。 I think it will be a good chance for you to see something beautiful，meaningful as well as interesting. 6．一些学生主动提出在社区内和周围做一些清洁工作。 Some students offered to do some cleaning in and around the community. Ⅲ.语法填空 Across northern Africa，the desert is steadily growing.Dry lands are spreading.But a bold project known as the Great Green Wall aims 1.to stop (stop) the growth of the desert.The ambitious program includes plans 2.to help (help) protect and maintain resources and fight poverty. Farmers are learning 3.to care (care) for their land and use water wisely.They are also planting millions of trees and crops.The Great Green Wall would cover an area of more than 4，000 miles wide.The program receives support from the United Nations，the World Bank and other groups. The Great Green Wall's trees provide a barrier 4.against desert winds and help hold moisture in the air and soil，allowing crops 5.to grow (grow).More resources will bring more jobs.“The goal is 6.to create(create) sustainable land management，” said Nora Berrahmouni，a forestry officer 7.who works with the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. Trees and crops have been planted in Senegal and Niger.An 8.additional (add) benefit of the Great Green Wall is 9.that countries in the region are sharing information about which programs work and which don't.Now，along with trees，10.ideas (idea) are taking root. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·邯郸期末)Lynda Doughty，a marine biologist，developed a passion for marine wildlife during her childhood.Growing up along the coast of Maine，she witnessed the impact of human activity on marine mammals and she made it her life's work to protect them.“I feel this intense responsibility to help these animals，” Lynda said.“And，really，this is what I was put on this Earth to do.” Harbor seals are among the most common mammals found along the East Coast，and they face various threats to their well­being，including fishing nets and illegal feeding，chemical pollutants，as well as boat and propeller (螺旋桨) injuries. Earlier in her career，she worked for a marine mammal emergency response organization that eventually closed due to lack of funding.To fill the gap left by the group，Lynda started her own non­profit organization — Marine Mammals of Maine in 2011.It has since provided response and medical care for more than 3，000 marine mammals. Lynda's team operates a 24­hour hotline that responds to calls regarding marine mammals in danger.Their permit allows them to respond to mammals stranded (搁浅) within 2，500 miles of the coastline，and her team only offers help if the mammal is in critical condition.Critically ill mammals are transported to Lynda's center and nursed back to health.Seals typically require three or more months of professional care treatment before they are released back into the ocean. In addition to mammal rescues，Marine Mammals of Maine conducts important research to learn about marine mammal habitats and human impacts.Marine mammals can give us clues about the ocean's health，which ultimately affects human well­being as well.The organization also helps promote marine conservation among youth and the local community.In addition，they instruct the public on what to do，and what not to do，when encountering wild species like harbor seals. 【语篇解读】　记叙文。主要讲述了多尔蒂从小热爱海洋野生动物，在成为海洋生物学家后，她成立了非营利机构救助海豹的故事。 1．What do Lynda's words mean? A．She was born along the coast of Maine. B．She ignored the impact of human activity. C．She did her work with a sense of mission. D．She protected marine wildlife at a young age. 解析　C　推理判断题。由第一段中的“‘I feel this intense responsibility to help these animals，’Lynda said.‘And，really，this is what I was put on this Earth to do.’”可知，琳达觉得自己有责任帮助这些动物，做着应该做的事情，可得出她带着使命感在工作。 2．Why did Lynda set up Marine Mammals of Maine in 2011? A．To earn more money. B．To replace the group. C.To make the group a non­profit organization. D．To restart marine mammal emergency response. 解析　D　细节理解题。由第三段中的“Earlier in her career，she worked for a marine mammal emergency response organization that eventually closed due to lack of funding.To fill the gap left by the group，Lynda started her own non­profit organization — Marine Mammals of Maine in 2011.”可知，琳达在2011年成立了缅因州海洋哺乳动物协会是因为要重启海洋哺乳动物应急响应。 3．What can we learn about Lynda's team from paragraph 4? A．It only treats critically ill seals. B．It rescues marine mammals in danger. C．It protects all endangered marine mammals. D．It stops people from fishing marine mammals. 解析　B　细节理解题。由第四段中的“Lynda's team operates a 24­hour hotline that responds to calls regarding marine mammals in danger.Their permit allows them to respond to mammals stranded (搁浅) within 2，500 miles of the coastline，and her team only offers help if the mammal is in critical condition.”可知，琳达团队拯救处于危险中的海洋哺乳动物。 4．What's the purpose of paragraph 5? A．To state younger generations need to be instructed. B．To stress the severe situations that marine life faces. C．To mention other social contributions of Lynda's team. D．To show humans have a great impact on marine mammals. 解析　C　推理判断题。由第五段中的“In addition to mammal rescues，Marine Mammals of Maine conducts important research to learn about marine mammal habitats and human impacts.”和“In addition，they instruct the public on what to do，and what not to do，when encountering wild species like harbor seals.”可知，第五段目的在于提及琳达团队的其他社会贡献。 B One of humanity's greatest achievements has been mastering routes across the world's oceans.Communities separated by thousands of miles have been brought into contact.Customs have been decisively changed by the movement of ships across the oceans.No one drank tea in medieval(中世纪的) Europe，but once contact had been made with the tea­drinking Chinese，tea became the favorite of millions of people from Sweden to the United States. We tend to think that the opening of the oceans was the work of great explorers like Christopher Columbus，especially the 15th­century pioneers who edged their way through uncharted waters to southern Africa，the Indian Ocean and the spice lands of the Indies.But while these men did give the Age of Discovery its name，they didn't start the exploration of the world's oceans. There were scores of merchants who developed trade links across the world and started modern globalization.These were the people who really mastered the oceans and brought the continents into contact.Already around 2500 BCE，merchants were setting out from what is now Iraq，the seat of the ancient Sumerian civilization，carrying silver ingots (银锭) to India.On the way，they got copper (铜) from Oman and brought precious objects such as carnelian(红玛瑙) from India.The Indian Ocean became one of the great channels of trade between nations. By 1500 CE，the Portuguese had begun to show interest in what the Atlantic might offer.That interest had resulted in the settlement of unoccupied islands.When European sailors started entering the Pacific and the Indian Ocean in the 16th century，they found a lively maritime world that they could never truly dominate.Since then，the oceans have only continued to tie the world together. In the 21st century，however，new factors have changed entirely the way goods are carried across the seas.The great port cities of the world have been replaced by automated docks.Container ships carry many thousands of containers.Business today operates on a much larger level than it did just two decades ago.And yet，through trade and cultural exchange，the seas continue to connect even the most distant lands. 【语篇解读】　说明文。文章介绍了海洋探索的悠久历史及其发展。 5．Why does the author mention tea drinking in the first paragraph? A.To discuss the health benefits of drinking tea. B．To emphasize the popularity of tea in medieval Europe. C．To show how Europeans started to adopt Chinese customs. D．To highlight the spread of cultural practices through ocean contact. 解析　D　细节理解题。由第一段中的“Customs have been...the United States”可知，作者提到喝茶是为了强调日益紧密的海洋联系使得各地的文化习俗得以传播。 6．What does the underlined part “edged their way”in paragraph 2 mean? A．Dominated the maritime world. B．Settled on unoccupied islands quickly. C．Successfully established a convenient route. D．Carefully moved forward under challenging situations. 解析　D　词义猜测题。由第二段中的“the opening of the oceans was the work of ...uncharted waters to...the Indies”可知，人们倾向于认为海洋探索起源于15世纪一些伟大的探险家，他们穿过未知的水域抵达遥远的地方，由此可推知，他们的航海之路并不容易，edged their way在此意为“在充满挑战的情况下徐图前进”。 7．Who are the pioneers of ocean exploration according to the text? A．The Portuguese settlers of remote islands. B．The great explorers during the Age of Discovery. C．The merchants from the ancient Sumerian civilization. D．The European sailors who entered the Pacific and the Indian Ocean. 解析　C　推理判断题。由第三段的内容可知，在公元前2500年苏美尔商人就开始将银锭海运到古印度，由此可推知，他们是海洋探索的先驱。 8．What is a suitable title for the text? A．The Impact of Tea on Global Trade B．Ocean Exploration Changed Human History C．Merchants Advanced the Development of Capitalism D．The Transformation of Ocean Shipping in the 21st Century 解析　B　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了海洋探索的悠久历史及其带来的深远影响，B项最能概括该主题。 Ⅱ.七选五 Every living thing depends on the ocean.So when we hear the ocean is in trouble from the effects of overfishing，climate change，and pollution，it's easy to feel powerless. 1 But there are plenty of actions you can take that will make a big difference for the ocean. 2 The more you learn about the ocean，the better prepared you'll be to inspire change—and help others do the same.Thankfully，there are many ways to educate yourself about the ocean and the challenges it faces，from books and documentaries to websites，museums，art exhibits，and more. Check the label Help keep fisheries healthy by choosing sustainable seafood when you grocery shop or dine out. 3 Look for the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) and Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) labels.Their blue and green fish logos(标识) on your seafood ensure your fish can be traced back to sustainably­managed fisheries and farms. Reduce your carbon emissions 4 Decrease the effects of climate change on the ocean by cutting your carbon footprint at home: turn off lights when you're not using them，walk or ride your bike to work，and demand renewable energy options in your community. Travel smarter Consider booking your next trip through a responsible travel company that's committed to protecting wildlife and using guides who are aware of rules and best practices.Once you arrive at your destination，be respectful of marine life and habitats.And be careful about your purchases. 5 A．Increase your ocean IQ. B．Skip the single­use plastics. C．What should be done to travel responsibly? D．What's the easiest way to make sure your seafood is sustainable? E．Many of these issues will require leadership from governments and businesses. F．In the last decades，the ocean has absorbed 90% of the extra heat created by burning fossil fuels. G．Purchasing items like shark products damages delicate ecosystems and threatens endangered species. 【语篇解读】　说明文。文章介绍了从自身做起保护海洋的几点建议。 1．解析　E　设空处承接上文，与下文为转折关系。设空处上文指出了海洋环境面临各种威胁，人们很容易对此感到无力，设空处下文转而指出个人可以通过很多行为改变现状，由此可推知，设空处应当承接上文，说明要解决威胁海洋环境的各种问题确实不易，E项符合语境。E项中的these issues指代上文中提到的“overfishing，climate change，and pollution，”且E项中的leadership from governments and businesses与下文中的“actions you can take”相照应。 2．解析　A　设空处为小标题，起概括全段主旨的作用。本段主要说明要保护海洋，就必须尽可能地了解关于海洋的知识，A项符合语境。A 项中的ocean IQ与本段中的“learn about the ocean”和“educate yourself about the ocean”相呼应。 3．解析　D　设空处承上启下，起过渡作用。设空处上文指出去食品杂货店购物或者外出就餐时要选择可持续海鲜食品，设空处下文具体介绍如何通过标识挑选绿色海鲜，由此可推知，设空处应当提出如何挑选海鲜的问题，D 项符合语境。D项中的sustainable 与上文中的sustainable 构成原词复现，且D项中的 the easiest way指代下文中的内容。 4．解析　F　设空处位于段首，起引出话题的作用。根据该段小标题可知，本段主要介绍在生活中要减少碳排放，F项符合语境。F项中的 the extra heat created by burning fossil fuels 与小标题中的“carbon emissions”相呼应。 5．解析　G　设空处位于段末，起承接上文、呼应本段主题的作用。设空处上文指出在旅行中要注意自己的采购行为，设空处应当在此基础上进一步解释说明，与主题呼应，G项符合语境。G项中的Purchasing与上文中的purchases构成原词复现，且G项中的damages delicate ecosystems and threatens endangered species与上文中的“protecting wildlife”构成同现关系。 Ⅲ.语法填空 People often think of the sea as a silent world，but in reality，it's full of sound.Because sound 1.________(travel) much faster and farther in salt water 2.________ in the air，whales and other marine mammals depend on their hearing for many of life's most basic functions.In such an environment，man­made noises are a major threat. The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) is 3.________ US­based non­profit international environmental advocacy group founded in 1970.4.________ (it) pioneering work has forced major noise 5.________ (polluter) to observe environmental laws and has protected some of the most sensitive marine mammal habitats.They're now focused on dealing with the problem's mounting impacts by establishing regional strategies and 6.________(promote) noise­reducing technologies to fight the increasing industrial use of the sea. Commercial shipping is the leading contributor to low­frequency ocean noise worldwide，weakening the ability of blue，fin，and other 7.________(endanger) great whales to forage (觅食) and breed (繁殖).In 2014，after a six­year campaign，NRDC urged the International Maritime Organization 8.________ (establish)ship­quieting guidelines for commercial ships. NRDC has also worked for more than a decade to alleviate the impacts of high­intensity naval sonar (海军的声呐)，9.________has been linked to mass whale strandings(搁浅) and deaths around the world.In September 2015，they 10.________ (reach) an agreement with the navy to stop the use of sonar off the coasts of southern California and Hawaii. 【语篇解读】　说明文。文章介绍了自然资源保护协会在减少海洋噪声、保护海洋哺乳动物方面作出的努力。 1．解析　travels　考查主谓一致。设空处所在句描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语为sound，故填travels。 2．解析　than　考查介词。根据faster and farther可知，设空处所在的原因状语从句表述了比较关系，故填than。 3．解析　a　考查冠词。group为可数名词，意为“团体”，设空处表示泛指，故填不定冠词a。 4．解析　Its　考查代词。设空处作定语，修饰pioneering work，应用形容词性物主代词，故填Its。 5．解析　polluters　考查名词复数。polluter为可数名词，意为“污染者”，设空处表示泛指，且其前无冠词修饰，应用其复数形式，故填polluters。 6．解析　promoting　考查动词­ing形式。设空处与establishing并列，作by的宾语，应用动词­ing 形式，故填promoting。 7．解析　endangered　考查形容词。设空处作定语，修饰great whales，表示“濒临灭绝的”，故填endangered。 8．解析　to establish　考查动词不定式。urge sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“敦促某人做某事”，故填to establish。 9．解析　which　考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代high­intensity naval sonar，且在从句中作主语，故填which。 10．解析　reached　考查一般过去时 。 根据In September 2015可知，设空处所在句描述的事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填reached. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$