易错点12 阅读理解主旨大意题(五大易错点+四大类型突破+易错通关练)-备战2025年中考英语考试易错题(浙江专用)

易错点12 阅读理解主旨大意题 (五大易错点+四大类型突破+易错通关练) 目录 易错点分析 1 以偏概全 2 过度推理 3 忽视关键 4 干扰迷惑 5 忽视体裁 易错点突破 1 标题归纳类 2 文章大意类 3 段落大意类 4 写作目的类 易错点一：以偏概全 【问题表现】 考生容易将文章中某个段落的主旨或部分细节当作全文的主旨。例如，文章主要讨论了多种环保措施，包括节约能源、减少污染和保护野生动物等，但考生只根据文中关于节约能源的一个段落，就认为文章主旨是关于节约能源。 【突破策略】 要通读全文，了解文章的整体结构和各个段落的主要内容，分析各段之间的关系，找出能概括所有段落核心内容的选项。对于选项中过于具体、只涉及文章局部内容的要谨慎选择。 易错点二：过度推理 【问题表现】 有些考生会根据文章内容进行过度引申和推断，得出超出文章实际表达的主旨。比如，文章只是描述了某种产品在市场上的受欢迎程度，考生却推断出该产品将永远占据市场主导地位，这就属于过度推理。 【突破策略】 主旨大意应基于文章本身所表达的内容，避免加入自己的主观臆断和无端猜测。要紧扣文章的关键信息和作者的意图，选择最直接、最能体现文章核心内容的选项。 易错点三：忽视首尾段关键信息 【问题表现】 许多文章的主旨句会出现在首段或尾段，但部分考生可能没有充分重视这些段落，从而错过关键信息。例如，文章开篇就明确提出了论点，但考生没有认真分析首段，而是在文章中间部分寻找主旨，导致理解偏差。 【突破策略】 在阅读文章时，要特别关注首段和尾段。首段往往会引出文章的主题，而尾段则可能对主题进行总结或升华。注意首段中的主题句、引言以及尾段中的总结性语句，这些都可能是把握文章主旨的关键。 易错点四：被干扰项迷惑 【问题表现】 命题者会设置一些看似合理但实际上与文章主旨不符的干扰项。这些干扰项可能包含文章中的一些关键词，但整体意思却偏离了文章的核心。例如，选项中提到了文章中的某个重要概念，但对该概念的阐述与文章实际内容不一致，或者将文章中次要的观点当作主要观点。 【突破策略】 仔细分析每个选项，将选项与文章内容进行逐一比对，排除那些与文章事实不符、偏离主题或只涉及次要内容的干扰项。同时，要注意选项的表述是否准确、全面地概括了文章的主旨。 易错点五：对文章体裁把握不准确 【问题表现】 不同体裁的文章有不同的写作目的和结构特点，如果考生对文章体裁判断错误，就可能误解文章的主旨。比如，把一篇议论文当成记叙文来理解，忽略了文中的论点和论证过程，而只关注了一些事例和细节。 【突破策略】 平时要熟悉各种常见体裁文章的特点。记叙文通常以讲述故事为主，重点在于情节发展和人物形象塑造；议论文则以阐述观点、论证论点为核心；说明文主要是介绍事物的特点、功能、原理等。在阅读时，根据文章的体裁特点来把握其主旨，例如议论文要找出论点和论据，说明文要明确说明对象及其特征。 【示例分析】 【片段】 In recent years, the use of smartphones has become very popular. People use them to communicate with others, play games, and get information. However, smartphones also have some negative effects. For example, many people spend too much time on their phones, which affects their sleep and eyesight. Moreover, some people are so addicted to their phones that they ignore the people around them. To solve these problems, we should limit our phone use and spend more time with our family and friends. 【题目】What is the main idea of the passage? A. Smartphones are very useful in our daily life. B. People should not use smartphones. C. The negative effects of smartphones and the solutions. D. How to use smartphones correctly. 【分析】 选项 A 只强调了智能手机的有用性，是以偏概全，忽略了文章中关于负面影响的内容。选项 B 属于过度推理，文章只是说要限制手机使用，而不是不让使用。选项 D “如何正确使用智能手机” 在文章中没有详细阐述，偏离了文章主旨。正确答案是 C，既概括了智能手机的负面影响，又提到了相应的解决办法，全面准确地把握了文章的主旨。通过通读全文，关注到文章先指出智能手机受欢迎，接着用 “However” 转折引出负面影响，最后提出解决问题的建议，符合对文章整体内容的理解。同时，也避免了被其他干扰项迷惑，准确把握了文章主旨。 标题归纳类 【题型特点】 要求考生从选项中选出最适合作为文章标题的选项，标题应能高度概括文章的主要内容，具有简洁性和针对性。 1.考查形式 常见的提问方式有：“What would be the best title for the text?”“Which of the following is the best title for this passage?”“The best title for the passage might be...” 等。 2.特点分析 高度概括性：标题需要涵盖文章的主要内容和核心思想，能够准确地概括文章的主旨大意，具有提纲挈领的作用。例如，一篇介绍不同动物冬眠习性的文章，标题可能是 “Animal Hibernation Habits”，用简洁的词汇概括了文章围绕动物冬眠习性展开的主要内容。 针对性：标题要针对文章的具体内容，不能过于宽泛或笼统。比如，文章主要讲述了某种特定植物的生长过程，标题就应该围绕这种植物，如 “The Growth Process of the Sunflower”，而不能是 “Plant Growth” 这样过于宽泛的标题，否则无法准确体现文章的独特内容。 醒目性：好的标题通常具有一定的吸引力，能够引起读者的兴趣，让读者想要进一步阅读文章。例如，一篇关于神秘海底世界的文章，标题为 “Mysterious Underwater World: Secrets Awaiting to be Uncovered”，使用 “神秘”“等待被揭开的秘密” 等词汇，增加了标题的吸引力和趣味性。 【易错分析】 1.标题过大：选择的标题涵盖范围过于宽泛，超出了文章实际讨论的内容。例如，文章主要讲述了某种特定植物的生长习性，而选项中给出的标题是 “Plants and Their Lives”，这个标题就过于笼统，没有突出文章所聚焦的特定植物。 2.标题过小：标题只涉及文章的一个细节或部分内容，不能全面概括文章主旨。如文章介绍了一位科学家的多项研究成果以及他对科学界的贡献，而选项中的标题是 “The Scientist's Discovery of a New Element”，这就只强调了其中一项研究成果，不能作为全文的标题。 3.标题偏离：标题与文章的主题或中心思想不相关，可能是根据文中的某个次要信息或错误理解而设置的。比如文章是关于古代文明的建筑风格，而标题选项是 “Modern Art and Its Influence”，明显与文章内容不符。 【突破策略】 1.抓关键句：重点关注文章的首段、尾段以及每段的首句，这些地方往往会出现点明文章主旨的关键句。例如，在一篇介绍环保重要性的文章中，首段可能会直接提出 “Protecting the environment is of great significance for the sustainable development of human society.” 这样的关键句，通过抓住这句话，就可以初步把握文章的主旨，从而为选择合适的标题提供方向。 2.归纳总结：在阅读过程中，要学会归纳文章各部分的主要内容，然后综合起来提炼出文章的中心思想。比如，文章分别从空气污染、水污染和土壤污染三个方面论述了环境问题，那么在归纳时就要把这几个方面的内容整合起来，标题可能就是 “Environmental Pollution: Air, Water and Soil”。 3.排除干扰项：仔细分析每个选项，将明显以偏概全、过度概括或偏离主题的选项排除掉。例如，在一篇关于某著名画家生平的文章中，选项 “A Great Painter's Masterpieces” 只强调了画家的作品，而忽略了画家的生平经历，属于以偏概全，可率先排除。通过排除干扰项，可以缩小选择范围，提高答题的准确率。 【示例分析】 文章主要讲述了大熊猫的生活习性、栖息地以及面临的保护问题。选项 A 是 “Wild Animals in Danger”，范围太广，不只是大熊猫一种动物；选项 B 是 “The Eating Habits of Pandas”，只涉及大熊猫的饮食习惯这一细节；选项 C 是 “Pandas: Their Lives and Conservation”，既包含了大熊猫的生活方面，又提到了保护问题，能全面概括文章内容，是合适的标题。 1 Having video calls is normal in our daily life, but have you imagined being able to touch the person on the other end of the line? These days, a soft skin stretch device (SSD) has been invented by the researchers from the University of New South Wales, Australia. It is a new kind of haptic device which can recreate the sense of touch and make it possible for us to touch people through a video call. Haptic technology can mimics the experience of touch in ways that are similar in the real world. Today, vibration is the most common haptic technology and it has been built into many electronic device. At present, however, the haptic technology has great difficulty recreating the sense of touch with objects in virtual environments or at a distance, according to Mai Thanh Thai, lead author of the study. Luckily, the research team introduced a new method to deal with the problem. The new technology can recreate the sense of touch through soft, man-made skin. “Our skin stretch device can be built into the finger parts of a haptic glove. It is like wearing a second skin —— it’s soft, stretchable and mimics the sense of touch. And it will make new forms of haptic communication to improve everyday activities.” said Thanh Nho Do, senior author of the study. It works like this: Imagine you are at home and you call your friend who is in Australia. You wear a haptic glove with the SSDs and your friend wears a glove with 3D force sensors. Then when your friend picks up an object, it will physically press against your friend fingers. And the glove with 3D force sensors will measure these interactions. After that, the force signals can be sent to your glove, making you experience the same sense of touch as your friend. The new haptic technology could be used in various situations, allowing users to feel objects inside a virtual world or at a distance. This could be especially helpful when people use video calls to stay connected with loved ones, it could also be used in medical practices. Doctors can feel a patient’s organ* with medical tools without touching them. 1．What problems does today’s haptic technology have? A．It is unable to mimic the touching experience in real world. B．It is hard to use such technology in the electronic devices. C．It fails to recreate sense of touch with objects at a distance. D．It has trouble in mimicking sense of touch through vibration. 2．How do the SSDs work according to Paragraph 5? a. Interactions are measured by 3D force sensors. b. People in both sides of line wear gloves with special devices. c. Force signals are sent to the haptic glove with the SSDs. d. The same sense of touch are being experienced. A．a-c-b-d. B．b-a-c-d. C．b-c-a-d. D．c-a-d-b. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．The new technology has been used in medical practices. B．The future of this new technology is still questioning. C．The SSD gloves are too expensive for people to afford. D．The new technology will be used in many fields in future. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Having video calls in a virtual world. B．Touching people through video calls. C．Advantages of the haptic technology. D．Importance of the 3D force sensors. 2 Do you remember the TV series of Popeye the Sailor(《大力水手》)? It first became a popular cartoon in the 1930s. The leading role in that cartoon ate lots of spinach(菠菜) to make him strong. Popeye helped sell 33% more spinach than before! Then spinach became a necessary part of many people’s diets. Even some young children who hated the taste began to try the vegetable. Many people thought it was iron(铁) in spinach that made Popeye strong and healthy, but it was not true. Spinach does not have any more iron than other green vegetables. People only thought spinach had a lot of iron because the researchers who studied the food made a mistake. In the 1890s, a group of people worked on what was inside vegetables. This group wrote the number wrong, and everyone accepted it. Today, we know that the little iron there is in spinach cannot make a difference in how strong a person is. However, spinach does contain something else which the body needs—folic acid(叶酸). It is interesting to point out folic acid can help make your body strong. Maybe it was really the folic acid that made people strong all along. 1．Many people ate more spinach after seeing Popeye the Sailor because ________. A．Popeye was a hero B．they thought spinach made them strong C．they liked folic acid D．spinach contained a lot of iron 2．The research findings showed people that spinach ________. A．made Popeye strong and healthy B．had less iron than other green vegetables C．was rich in vitamin D D．had more iron than other green vegetables 3．Folic acid is ________. A．something in food B．a vegetable C．bad for health D．a certain kind of spinach 4．A good title for this passage can be ________. A．Popeye the Sailor B．Mistaken Number C．The Truth About Spinach D．Amazing Folic Acid 文章大意类 【题型特点】 需要考生总结文章的主要内容，通常以 “What is the passage mainly about?”“The main idea of the passage is...” 等形式提问。 1.考查形式 常见的提问方式有：“What is the main idea of the passage?”“What does the passage mainly talk about?”“The passage is mainly about...” 等。 2.特点分析 全面性：要求概括出文章的主要内容，涵盖文章的各个关键方面，不能只关注局部细节。例如，一篇关于人工智能在医疗、教育和交通领域应用的文章，其大意应该是 “人工智能在多个领域的应用”，要包含医疗、教育、交通等多个方面，体现全面性。 客观性：需基于文章内容客观总结，不能加入主观臆断或过度引申。文章中没有明确提及的内容，不能出现在对文章大意的概括中。比如，文章只是介绍了某种新的教学方法的实施过程和效果，就不能在概括大意时说这种方法将彻底改变教育模式，因为这是过度引申，不符合客观性原则。 简洁性：用简洁明了的语言概括文章核心内容，避免冗长复杂的表述。例如，文章讲述了某地区的历史变迁，从古代到现代的发展历程，概括大意时可以是 “某地区的历史发展概述”，简洁地表达出文章的核心内容。 【易错分析】 1.遗漏关键信息：未能全面捕捉文章中的重要信息，导致对文章大意的概括不完整。例如，文章分别从历史、文化、经济等方面介绍了一个城市，而考生在概括时只提到了历史和文化方面，忽略了经济方面的内容。 2.主次不分：把文章中的次要信息当作主要内容进行概括，或者对主要信息和次要信息的比重把握不当。比如文章主要论述了某种新技术的研发和应用，而在概括时却重点强调了该技术研发过程中的一些琐碎细节，而不是技术的核心内容和应用价值。 3.理解偏差：对文章的关键语句或整体内容理解错误，从而得出错误的文章大意。这可能是由于对一些关键词汇、长难句的理解不准确，或者受到自身固有观念的影响。 【突破策略】 阅读时要注意文章的结构和脉络，通常文章的开头和结尾会点明主旨，各段落的首句也往往是该段的中心句。要梳理文章的逻辑关系，明确哪些是主要信息，哪些是次要信息，将主要信息进行整合概括。同时，要结合文章的背景知识和上下文来准确理解关键语句的含义。 1.通览全文：快速阅读文章，了解文章的大致内容和结构，明确文章的主题和主要论述方向。可以先浏览标题、首尾段以及每段的首句，对文章有一个整体的初步印象。例如，看到文章标题是 “Space Exploration: Past, Present and Future”，就可以知道文章是关于太空探索的，且可能会从过去、现在和未来三个方面进行论述，带着这样的预期去阅读文章，更有助于把握文章大意。 2.梳理脉络：在阅读过程中，梳理文章的结构和逻辑脉络，明确各部分之间的关系，找出主要观点和支持观点的细节。比如，文章采用总分总的结构，开头提出观点 “科技发展对人类生活产生了深远影响”，中间分别从通讯、交通、医疗等方面进行举例说明，结尾总结科技发展的利弊。那么在梳理脉络后，就可以清楚地知道文章大意是围绕科技发展对人类生活的影响展开的。 3.对比排除：在选择答案时，将各个选项与自己总结的文章大意进行对比，排除那些明显偏离、片面或过于细节的选项。例如，选项中一个是 “科技在通讯领域的应用”，一个是 “科技发展对人类生活的多方面影响”，通过对比可以发现，前者只是文章中的一个细节，而后者更符合文章整体内容，从而选择出正确答案。 【示例分析】 文章介绍了一种新型环保材料的研发背景、制作工艺、性能特点以及在不同领域的应用前景。在概括文章大意时，如果只说 “文章讲了一种新型材料的制作”，就遗漏了研发背景、性能特点和应用前景等关键信息。正确的概括应该是 “本文主要介绍了一种新型环保材料的研发背景、制作工艺、性能特点及其应用前景”，这样才能全面准确地涵盖文章的主要内容。 1 Long long ago, there were birds in the forest. The birds were very beautiful. One day, a man saw them. He caught them and sent them to the king. The king liked the two birds very much when he saw them. He hadn’t seen such beautiful birds before. He kept both of the birds in a fine place and ordered his servants (仆人) to look after them well. The servants gave them fruit and delicious food. They were the center of attention (关注). One day, another man brought a monkey to the king. The king was happy to see the monkey. Soon the monkey was the center of attention. People didn’t pay their attention to the two beautiful birds. The younger bird felt sad and became angry, but the other one didn’t lose his hope. He was much smarter than his younger brother. He told his brother,“We shouldn’t lose hope for life. We should remember the bad days will be over.” One day, the monkey made the king unhappy. So the king ordered his servants to send the monkey away. The bad days of the birds were over. They became the center of attention again. The smart bird said to his younger brother, “Nothing is permanent(永恒的) in the world and one should never lose hope.” 1．How did the king feel when the man gave the two birds to him? A．Happy B．Afraid C．Sad D．Angry 2．Why did the young bird feel angry? A．No one looked after him any more. B．People didn’t like the monkey C．The servants didn’t give them food D．The monkey was the center of attention 3．What did the older bird tell the younger one? A．They must run away. B．They should be hopeful C．They couldn’t be happy any more. D．They couldn’t get attention again. 4．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Everything is permanent. B．Be the center of attention C．Always have hope for life D．Be friendly to everyone 2 Buying second-hand things is becoming more popular these days. One million people are selling over two million second-hand things including clothing, books and electronic devices (电子产品) on Xianyu every day, Xinhua reported. People have made more money in recent years and bought more things than they really need, according to a speech given by Wei Ying, founder of the second-hand book trading site Deja Vu. As more people turn to a simple lifestyle, they are selling their used things for cheap. Shoppers are attracted (吸引) to the low prices, as well as the fact that buying second-hand is good for the environment. Second-hand books When Chen Junjun, 22, a college student in Shanghai, wants to buy books, she uses Deja Vu. She searches for the books she wants and adds them to her shopping cart (购物车), just like on any other shopping site. The difference is that the books are much cheaper-as much as 70 percent cheaper than new books. “Since I don’t have enough money, it’s a perfect choice for me,” Chen said. Lots of people like Chen are buying second-hand books. Deja Vu has over three million users and sells about 20,000 second-hand books every day, Beijing Daily reported. It has also opened two brick-and-mortar (实体的) bookstores-one in Beijing, the other in Shanghai. Besides lower prices, people can also find out-of-print (绝版的) books. Yan Minjun, 21, she has bought many classic books on Deja Vu. Second-hand fashion Buying second-hand clothing is another trend (潮流). According to online reseller Thred Up, the second-hand fashion market is expected to grow by 185 percent over the next 10 years. Vintage (复古的) clothing are especially popular. They include old clothing, accessories or other things that often go back 30 years or even more. But if they’re still in good condition, people can still wear them. 1．What is making second-hand shopping popular? ①New experience. ②Safer shopping choices. ③Lower prices. ④Environmental benefits (效益). A．①② B．②③ C．①④ D．③④ 2．Why does Chen Junjun buy used books on Deja Vu? A．Because used books are cheaper than new books. B．Because she can exchange books with others. C．Because she can meet the books’ former owners. D．Because the only books she wants to buy are on the site. 3．What do we know about Deja Vu? A．It only offers online services. B．It has about 20,000 users. C．It sells out-of-print books. D．It is only popular among students. 4．What’s the main idea of the story? A．Second-hand shopping sites are new. B．There are disadvantages to buying used items. C．Using second-hand things can protect the environment. D．Buying second-hand things is becoming more popular. 介绍了一种社会现象——买二手东西变得越来越流行。故选D。 段落大意类 【题型特点】 针对文章中的某一段落，要求考生概括其主要内容，常见的提问方式有 “What is the main idea of Paragraph...?”“What does the... paragraph mainly talk about?” 等。 1.考查形式 常见的提问方式有：“What is the main idea of Paragraph...?”“What does the... paragraph mainly talk about?”“The... paragraph is mainly about...” 等。有时也会要求用一个词或短语来概括段落大意。 2.特点分析 针对性强：只针对文章中的某一个特定段落进行考查，要求准确把握该段落的核心内容，与其他段落的内容区分开来。例如，在一篇关于不同文化习俗的文章中，某一段落专门介绍了中国春节的传统习俗，那么该段落的大意就应围绕春节习俗展开，而不会涉及其他文化的习俗内容。 概括性要求高：需要用简洁的语言概括出段落的主要意思，能够涵盖段落中的关键信息，体现段落的核心主旨。比如，段落中提到了某种植物的生长环境、生长周期和主要特点等方面，概括段落大意时就要把这些关键信息整合起来，如 “某种植物的生长特性概述”。 【易错分析】 1.以点代面：用段落中的一个具体例子或细节来代替整个段落的主旨。例如，某段落主要讲述了不同动物的迁徙习性，其中提到了燕子的迁徙路线作为例子，考生可能会错误地认为该段落主要是讲燕子的迁徙。 2.概括不全：没有涵盖段落中的所有重要方面，只抓住了部分内容。比如段落中既提到了某种产品的优点，也提到了其存在的一些问题，但考生在概括时只提到了优点，忽略了问题部分。 3.过度解读：对段落内容进行过度引申或推断，超出了段落实际表达的意思。例如，段落只是描述了某个地区的人口增长情况，考生却推断出该地区未来的经济发展趋势，而这在段落中并没有明确提及。 【突破策略】 重点关注段落的首句、尾句以及中间具有总结性或过渡性的语句。这些地方往往会点明段落的主旨。同时，要梳理段落中的逻辑关系，看看是按照什么顺序展开论述的，是总分、分总还是总分总等结构。将段落中的关键信息进行整合，概括出核心内容，避免加入自己的主观臆断。 1.寻找主题句：首先关注段落的首尾句，看是否有能够直接表明段落主旨的句子。如果首句或尾句没有明显的主题句，再观察段落中间是否有总结性、概括性的句子。例如，在论述环保重要性的段落中，首句可能是 “Environmental protection is crucial for the survival of our planet.”，这就是该段落的主题句，直接点明了段落大意是关于环保对地球生存的重要性。 2.归纳关键信息：如果段落没有明确的主题句，就需要归纳段落中反复出现的关键词、关键信息，提炼出核心内容。比如，段落中多次提到 “新型能源”“减少污染”“可持续发展” 等词汇，那么段落大意可能是关于新型能源对环境和可持续发展的作用。 3.排除干扰项：在选择答案时，要排除那些只涉及段落部分内容、与段落主旨无关或过度引申的选项。例如，选项中一个是段落中提到的某个具体例子，一个是对段落内容的准确概括，那么就要排除具体例子的选项，选择能全面概括段落大意的选项。 【示例分析】 以一个描述校园生活丰富多彩的段落为例，段落中提到了学校有各种社团活动、体育比赛以及文化节等。如果概括为 “学校有社团活动”，就是以点代面，没有全面概括。正确的概括应该是 “该段落主要讲述了学校丰富多样的校园生活，包括社团活动、体育比赛和文化节等”，这样能准确涵盖段落的主要内容。 1 While mothers look forward to Mother’s Day, sellers expect the holiday even more. That’s because the money spent on meals, flowers, and other presents adds up to billions of dollars, and the spending keeps increasing year after year. Not surprisingly, gifts like rings and necklaces top the list with $4.6 billion. Trips come in second of $4.4 billion. $2.6 billion will go towards buying flowers. Others include clothing ($2.1billion), electronics ($2.1 billion), and personal services. Though motherhood has been celebrated across the world for centuries, this official(官方的) US holiday started because of the hard work of Anna Jarvis. She came up with the idea in 1905 to honor moms for the hard work they do for their families. The first celebration in 1908 at a Methodist church in Grafton, West Virginia, was such a success that Jarvis made up her mind to make the holiday a national holiday. To achieve her goal, she started a writing campaign(运动) to newspapers and lawmakers about the importance of a special day to honor mothers. While many states, towns, and churches had accepted the holiday by 1912, it took another two years for President Woodrow Wilson to set the second Sunday in May as official Mother’s Day. However, soon after the holiday became official, sellers got the opportunity to market their products. Jarvis was not pleased with this. So she spent years speaking out and fighting against the “profiteers(投机商)”. While Mother’s Day has become increasingly commercial(商业的), most moms would choose spending time with their families and a break from daily chores over going to expensive stores to buy things. So on Mother’s Day this year, do something thoughtful like making breakfast or doing laundry, and more importantly, spend time with your mom and give her a hug! 1．According to Paragraph 2, people are most likely to spend their money on _________ on Mother’s Day. A．Trips B．flowers C．clothing D．rings and necklaces 2．The third paragraph mainly tells us how _________. A．Anna Jarvis thanked her mother B．the writing campaign was organized C．Mother’s Day became an official holiday D．President Woodrow Wilson honored mothers 3．Jarvis was unhappy with the holiday later because she _________. A．wanted to start a better holiday B．failed to make the holiday popular C．found it hard to get it accepted by people D．got disappointed at the way of celebration 4．We can infer from the last paragraph that most moms _________. A．prefer cooking at home to eating outside B．expect surprising gifts from their children C．consider daily housework really great pleasure D．consider Mother’s Day a chance to stay with families 2 The growth in tall buildings worldwide, most of which have large glass panes, has led to a great need for window washers. Though the job, which earns workers as much as $35 an hour, can be lucrative, accidents are not uncommon. However, the dangerous chore may soon be done by Ozmo, an intelligent window cleaning robot, with humans controlling from the safety of the ground. Much like humans, Ozmo, hanging off the sides of the building, uses its arms and brushes to clean the dirt on the glass panes. A 3-D map of the building programmed into its system allows the robot to skillfully move up and down. Computer vision and touch sensors (传感器) enable it to move out of the way in case of unexpected events, such as the sudden opening of a window. And the robot will self-correct and move around it so as not to break a window. Unlike other window washers, the robot cleaner does not require soap or Windex to clean the glass. Instead, it uses purified water and a process called reverse osmosis (反渗透) to do the job. It is environmentally friendly. While it takes three cleaners 480 hours each to clean the windows of a 40-story glass building, the robot will single-handedly complete the task in just 80 hours. However, unlike other robots, Ozmo will not take the place of human workers, only making their jobs safer. Human workers will control the robot from below. Whether Ozmo, which is still being tested, does as good a job as humans remains to be seen. Past efforts to use a robot to do this dangerous job have not been successful, because the machines do not have the same eye as humans and often miss the soot (烟垢) collected on window corners. 1．The underlined word “lucrative” in the passage probably means ________. A．safe B．dangerous C．well-paid D．meaningless 2．The second paragraph mainly tells us ________. A．why Ozmo is much more intelligent than human workers B．how Ozmo works to clean the glass smartly C．what helps Ozmo move up and down skillyfully D．Where Ozmo can do its job skillfully 3．What does Ozmo use to clean the glass? A．Windex B．Soap C．Dirt or soot D．Purified water 4．The writer organizes Paragraph 2, 3 and 4 by ________. A．telling stories B．asking questions C．giving suggestions D．making comparisons. 写作目的类 【题型特点】 询问作者写这篇文章的目的，常见的提问方式有 “Why did the author write this passage?”“The author's purpose of writing this article is to...” 等。 1.考查形式 常见的提问方式有：“What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?”“Why did the author write this article?”“The passage is written to...” 等。 2.特点分析 意图隐含性：作者的写作目的通常不会直接在文章中明确表述，而是隐含在字里行间，需要学生通过对文章的整体理解、分析文章的结构、语言风格以及作者的观点态度等来推断。例如，一篇介绍某种环保产品的文章，作者可能通过详细描述该产品的优点和对环境的益处，隐含地表达出希望读者关注环保产品、支持环保事业的目的。 体裁关联性：不同体裁的文章往往有不同的写作目的倾向。比如，记叙文通常是为了讲述一个故事，传达某种情感或道理；说明文主要是为了介绍事物的特点、功能、原理等，以传递信息为目的；议论文则是为了阐述作者的观点，说服读者接受某种观点或采取某种行动。 【易错分析】 1.误判意图：没有准确理解作者的写作意图，将作者的客观描述误认为是主观评价，或者将作者的劝诫意图理解为只是单纯的介绍。例如，文章客观介绍了某种不良生活习惯对健康的影响，目的是提醒人们要改正这种习惯，但考生可能会认为作者只是在介绍一种现象，没有意识到作者的劝诫意图。 2.过于表面：只看到文章的表面内容，没有深入挖掘作者背后的真正目的。比如文章讲述了一个历史故事，表面上是在叙述历史事件，但实际上作者可能是通过这个故事来传达某种价值观或启示，考生如果只停留在故事本身，就会误解写作目的。 3.主观臆断：根据自己的想法和理解来推测作者的写作目的，而不是从文章的内容和线索出发。例如，考生可能因为自己对某个话题有特定的看法，就认为作者也有同样的意图，而忽略了文章中作者实际表达的观点和目的。 【突破策略】 分析文章的体裁和风格，如果是议论文，作者的目的通常是论证某个观点或说服读者接受某种看法；如果是记叙文，可能是通过故事传达某种情感或道理；如果是说明文，一般是为了介绍知识或信息。关注文章中的关键语句和情感词汇，这些可以帮助判断作者的态度和意图。同时，要结合文章的背景和受众来思考作者写作的目的。 1.分析文章体裁：先判断文章的体裁，根据不同体裁的特点来推测写作目的。如若是记叙文，考虑作者是想通过故事表达个人情感、人生感悟或是传递某种价值观；若是说明文，思考作者是为了普及知识、介绍产品还是解释某种现象；若是议论文，分析作者是要论证某个观点、反驳某种看法还是呼吁人们采取某种行动。 2.关注首尾段落和关键句：文章的开头和结尾往往会透露作者的写作目的。开头可能会点明写作的背景、缘由或引出主题，结尾则可能会总结观点、提出建议或呼吁行动。同时，关注文中的一些关键句，如表达作者观点态度的句子、总结性的句子等。例如，在文章结尾处出现 “Therefore, we should take immediate action to protect our environment.”，很明显作者的写作目的是呼吁人们采取行动保护环境。 3.体会语言风格和情感色彩：注意作者使用的词汇和语言风格，判断其中蕴含的情感色彩。是积极倡导、消极批判，还是中立客观的描述，这有助于理解作者的写作目的。比如，作者在描述某种现象时使用了大量带有贬义的词汇，说明作者对该现象持批判态度，写作目的可能是为了引起人们对该现象的关注并加以改进。 【示例分析】 一篇关于垃圾分类重要性的文章，通过列举垃圾分类对环境、资源回收等方面的好处，以及不分类带来的危害。如果认为作者的目的只是介绍垃圾分类的相关知识，就过于表面。实际上，作者的目的是呼吁人们重视垃圾分类，养成良好的垃圾分类习惯，以保护环境和资源。 1 That cold January night, I was growing sick of my life in San Francisco. There I was walking home alone in the morning after a tiring practice at the theatre. With the opening night only a week away, I was still learning my lines. I was having trouble acting at night at the same time. As I walked, I thought seriously about giving up both acting and San Francisco. As I walked down empty streets under tall buildings, I felt very small and cold. I began running, both to keep warm and to keep away from any possible robber. Very few people were still out except a few sad-looking homeless people under blankets. About a block from my apartment, I heard a sound behind me. I turned quickly, half expecting to see someone with a knife or a gun. The street was empty. All I saw was a shining streetlight. Still, the noise had made me nervous, so I started to run faster. Not until I reached my apartment building and unlocked the door did I realize what the noise had been. It had been my wallet falling on the sidewalk. Suddenly I wasn’t cold or tired any more. I ran out of the door and back to where I’d heard the noise. Although I searched the sidewalk anxiously for fifteen minutes, my wallet was nowhere to be found. Just as I was about to give up the search when I heard the garbage truck pull up to the sidewalk next to me. When a voice called from the inside, “Alisa Camacho?” I thought I was dreaming. How could this man know my name? The door opened, and out jumped a small red-haired man with an amused look in his eyes. “Is this what you are looking for?” he asked, holding up a small square shape. It was nearly 3 a.m. by the time I got into bed. I wouldn’t get much sleep that night, but I had got my wallet back. I also had got back some enjoyment of city life. I realized that the city couldn’t be a bad place as long as people were willing to help each other. 1．What can we know about the author from the text? A．He was bored with his present job. B．He was jobless just now. C．He had trouble doing with his jobs. D．He gave up acting and San Francisco. 2．What happened according to Paragraph 3? A．Someone with a knife walked behind the author. B．The noise made the author’s wallet fall on the sidewalk. C．The author run faster because he saw a shining streetlight. D．The author realized he had lost the wallet after unlocking the door. 3．What does the underlined sentence mean? A．The author was surprised. B．The author liked dreaming. C．Finding the wallet was impossible. D．The man made the author scared. 4．Why did the author write the text? A．To encourage people to go home early. B．To tell about an unforgettable experience in the past. C．To give tips on how to work in San Francisco. D．To encourage people not to give up their dreams. 2 Ten years ago, many people thought that the age of the physical book(纸质书) was coming to an end. The objects that had been the companions(伙伴) of millions of readers for hundreds of years were about to die out. Soon, we’d all be reading on little electronic screens and laughing at the memory of places called “libraries” and “bookshops”. But it seems not true about the idea of the death of the physical books. At least in the UK, as The Guardian noted, sales of e-books are falling while sales of paper books are rising. More surprisingly, it’s young people who are buying the most physical books. More than 60 percent of 16-to-24-year-olds preferred print books to e-books. The most popular reason given was: “I like to hold the product.” Books become very personal objects to lovers of reading. It often starts with the way they get them. Many buyers of books like to write down their name on the inside cover when they've bought one. And we carry books around with us everywhere. If there’s a mark made on the pages from coffee or food, it doesn’t matter. These accidents make the book – our book – even more personal. It’s as if readers of physical books make friends with them. Of course, some could say that the devices on which people read e-books, like Kindles and iPads are also objects that we like. But it isn't quite the same. A Kindle, can hold as many pieces of writing as a whole library. But a story we remember from our time turning its pages in our favourite armchair enters our memory forever. Physical books are as valuable to some readers as items of jewelry or photographs of family members. This “friendship” people develop with books isn’t just about feelings. Research has shown that readers remember more information read from physical books than electronic ones. However, there’s no doubt e-books are here to stay. They aren’t simply a “here today, gone tomorrow” thing. But it’s also certain that physical books, which have been in production since the fifteenth century, are here to stay, too. 5．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Physical books will soon no longer be made. B．Sales of e-books and print books are both rising． C．Lovers of physical books are mostly old people. D．Physical books are making a comeback in the UK. 6．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a feature of physical books? A．Readers can form a very close relationship with their books. B．Physical books may carry readers’ valuable memories. C．Readers get more information from physical books than e-books. D．It is easier for readers to make notes on physical books. 7．Why did the author write this article? A．To explain why physical books will not disappear soon. B．To describe different reading tastes in the UK. C．To explain what makes physical books personal. D．To recommend that readers read more physical books. 1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 易错点12 阅读理解主旨大意题 (五大易错点+四大类型突破+易错通关练) 目录 易错点分析 1 以偏概全 2 过度推理 3 忽视关键 4 干扰迷惑 5 忽视体裁 易错点突破 1 标题归纳类 2 文章大意类 3 段落大意类 4 写作目的类 易错点一：以偏概全 【问题表现】 考生容易将文章中某个段落的主旨或部分细节当作全文的主旨。例如，文章主要讨论了多种环保措施，包括节约能源、减少污染和保护野生动物等，但考生只根据文中关于节约能源的一个段落，就认为文章主旨是关于节约能源。 【突破策略】 要通读全文，了解文章的整体结构和各个段落的主要内容，分析各段之间的关系，找出能概括所有段落核心内容的选项。对于选项中过于具体、只涉及文章局部内容的要谨慎选择。 易错点二：过度推理 【问题表现】 有些考生会根据文章内容进行过度引申和推断，得出超出文章实际表达的主旨。比如，文章只是描述了某种产品在市场上的受欢迎程度，考生却推断出该产品将永远占据市场主导地位，这就属于过度推理。 【突破策略】 主旨大意应基于文章本身所表达的内容，避免加入自己的主观臆断和无端猜测。要紧扣文章的关键信息和作者的意图，选择最直接、最能体现文章核心内容的选项。 易错点三：忽视首尾段关键信息 【问题表现】 许多文章的主旨句会出现在首段或尾段，但部分考生可能没有充分重视这些段落，从而错过关键信息。例如，文章开篇就明确提出了论点，但考生没有认真分析首段，而是在文章中间部分寻找主旨，导致理解偏差。 【突破策略】 在阅读文章时，要特别关注首段和尾段。首段往往会引出文章的主题，而尾段则可能对主题进行总结或升华。注意首段中的主题句、引言以及尾段中的总结性语句，这些都可能是把握文章主旨的关键。 易错点四：被干扰项迷惑 【问题表现】 命题者会设置一些看似合理但实际上与文章主旨不符的干扰项。这些干扰项可能包含文章中的一些关键词，但整体意思却偏离了文章的核心。例如，选项中提到了文章中的某个重要概念，但对该概念的阐述与文章实际内容不一致，或者将文章中次要的观点当作主要观点。 【突破策略】 仔细分析每个选项，将选项与文章内容进行逐一比对，排除那些与文章事实不符、偏离主题或只涉及次要内容的干扰项。同时，要注意选项的表述是否准确、全面地概括了文章的主旨。 易错点五：对文章体裁把握不准确 【问题表现】 不同体裁的文章有不同的写作目的和结构特点，如果考生对文章体裁判断错误，就可能误解文章的主旨。比如，把一篇议论文当成记叙文来理解，忽略了文中的论点和论证过程，而只关注了一些事例和细节。 【突破策略】 平时要熟悉各种常见体裁文章的特点。记叙文通常以讲述故事为主，重点在于情节发展和人物形象塑造；议论文则以阐述观点、论证论点为核心；说明文主要是介绍事物的特点、功能、原理等。在阅读时，根据文章的体裁特点来把握其主旨，例如议论文要找出论点和论据，说明文要明确说明对象及其特征。 【示例分析】 【片段】 In recent years, the use of smartphones has become very popular. People use them to communicate with others, play games, and get information. However, smartphones also have some negative effects. For example, many people spend too much time on their phones, which affects their sleep and eyesight. Moreover, some people are so addicted to their phones that they ignore the people around them. To solve these problems, we should limit our phone use and spend more time with our family and friends. 【题目】What is the main idea of the passage? A. Smartphones are very useful in our daily life. B. People should not use smartphones. C. The negative effects of smartphones and the solutions. D. How to use smartphones correctly. 【分析】 选项 A 只强调了智能手机的有用性，是以偏概全，忽略了文章中关于负面影响的内容。选项 B 属于过度推理，文章只是说要限制手机使用，而不是不让使用。选项 D “如何正确使用智能手机” 在文章中没有详细阐述，偏离了文章主旨。正确答案是 C，既概括了智能手机的负面影响，又提到了相应的解决办法，全面准确地把握了文章的主旨。通过通读全文，关注到文章先指出智能手机受欢迎，接着用 “However” 转折引出负面影响，最后提出解决问题的建议，符合对文章整体内容的理解。同时，也避免了被其他干扰项迷惑，准确把握了文章主旨。 标题归纳类 【题型特点】 要求考生从选项中选出最适合作为文章标题的选项，标题应能高度概括文章的主要内容，具有简洁性和针对性。 1.考查形式 常见的提问方式有：“What would be the best title for the text?”“Which of the following is the best title for this passage?”“The best title for the passage might be...” 等。 2.特点分析 高度概括性：标题需要涵盖文章的主要内容和核心思想，能够准确地概括文章的主旨大意，具有提纲挈领的作用。例如，一篇介绍不同动物冬眠习性的文章，标题可能是 “Animal Hibernation Habits”，用简洁的词汇概括了文章围绕动物冬眠习性展开的主要内容。 针对性：标题要针对文章的具体内容，不能过于宽泛或笼统。比如，文章主要讲述了某种特定植物的生长过程，标题就应该围绕这种植物，如 “The Growth Process of the Sunflower”，而不能是 “Plant Growth” 这样过于宽泛的标题，否则无法准确体现文章的独特内容。 醒目性：好的标题通常具有一定的吸引力，能够引起读者的兴趣，让读者想要进一步阅读文章。例如，一篇关于神秘海底世界的文章，标题为 “Mysterious Underwater World: Secrets Awaiting to be Uncovered”，使用 “神秘”“等待被揭开的秘密” 等词汇，增加了标题的吸引力和趣味性。 【易错分析】 1.标题过大：选择的标题涵盖范围过于宽泛，超出了文章实际讨论的内容。例如，文章主要讲述了某种特定植物的生长习性，而选项中给出的标题是 “Plants and Their Lives”，这个标题就过于笼统，没有突出文章所聚焦的特定植物。 2.标题过小：标题只涉及文章的一个细节或部分内容，不能全面概括文章主旨。如文章介绍了一位科学家的多项研究成果以及他对科学界的贡献，而选项中的标题是 “The Scientist's Discovery of a New Element”，这就只强调了其中一项研究成果，不能作为全文的标题。 3.标题偏离：标题与文章的主题或中心思想不相关，可能是根据文中的某个次要信息或错误理解而设置的。比如文章是关于古代文明的建筑风格，而标题选项是 “Modern Art and Its Influence”，明显与文章内容不符。 【突破策略】 1.抓关键句：重点关注文章的首段、尾段以及每段的首句，这些地方往往会出现点明文章主旨的关键句。例如，在一篇介绍环保重要性的文章中，首段可能会直接提出 “Protecting the environment is of great significance for the sustainable development of human society.” 这样的关键句，通过抓住这句话，就可以初步把握文章的主旨，从而为选择合适的标题提供方向。 2.归纳总结：在阅读过程中，要学会归纳文章各部分的主要内容，然后综合起来提炼出文章的中心思想。比如，文章分别从空气污染、水污染和土壤污染三个方面论述了环境问题，那么在归纳时就要把这几个方面的内容整合起来，标题可能就是 “Environmental Pollution: Air, Water and Soil”。 3.排除干扰项：仔细分析每个选项，将明显以偏概全、过度概括或偏离主题的选项排除掉。例如，在一篇关于某著名画家生平的文章中，选项 “A Great Painter's Masterpieces” 只强调了画家的作品，而忽略了画家的生平经历，属于以偏概全，可率先排除。通过排除干扰项，可以缩小选择范围，提高答题的准确率。 【示例分析】 文章主要讲述了大熊猫的生活习性、栖息地以及面临的保护问题。选项 A 是 “Wild Animals in Danger”，范围太广，不只是大熊猫一种动物；选项 B 是 “The Eating Habits of Pandas”，只涉及大熊猫的饮食习惯这一细节；选项 C 是 “Pandas: Their Lives and Conservation”，既包含了大熊猫的生活方面，又提到了保护问题，能全面概括文章内容，是合适的标题。 1 Having video calls is normal in our daily life, but have you imagined being able to touch the person on the other end of the line? These days, a soft skin stretch device (SSD) has been invented by the researchers from the University of New South Wales, Australia. It is a new kind of haptic device which can recreate the sense of touch and make it possible for us to touch people through a video call. Haptic technology can mimics the experience of touch in ways that are similar in the real world. Today, vibration is the most common haptic technology and it has been built into many electronic device. At present, however, the haptic technology has great difficulty recreating the sense of touch with objects in virtual environments or at a distance, according to Mai Thanh Thai, lead author of the study. Luckily, the research team introduced a new method to deal with the problem. The new technology can recreate the sense of touch through soft, man-made skin. “Our skin stretch device can be built into the finger parts of a haptic glove. It is like wearing a second skin —— it’s soft, stretchable and mimics the sense of touch. And it will make new forms of haptic communication to improve everyday activities.” said Thanh Nho Do, senior author of the study. It works like this: Imagine you are at home and you call your friend who is in Australia. You wear a haptic glove with the SSDs and your friend wears a glove with 3D force sensors. Then when your friend picks up an object, it will physically press against your friend fingers. And the glove with 3D force sensors will measure these interactions. After that, the force signals can be sent to your glove, making you experience the same sense of touch as your friend. The new haptic technology could be used in various situations, allowing users to feel objects inside a virtual world or at a distance. This could be especially helpful when people use video calls to stay connected with loved ones, it could also be used in medical practices. Doctors can feel a patient’s organ* with medical tools without touching them. 1．What problems does today’s haptic technology have? A．It is unable to mimic the touching experience in real world. B．It is hard to use such technology in the electronic devices. C．It fails to recreate sense of touch with objects at a distance. D．It has trouble in mimicking sense of touch through vibration. 2．How do the SSDs work according to Paragraph 5? a. Interactions are measured by 3D force sensors. b. People in both sides of line wear gloves with special devices. c. Force signals are sent to the haptic glove with the SSDs. d. The same sense of touch are being experienced. A．a-c-b-d. B．b-a-c-d. C．b-c-a-d. D．c-a-d-b. 3．What can we learn from the passage? A．The new technology has been used in medical practices. B．The future of this new technology is still questioning. C．The SSD gloves are too expensive for people to afford. D．The new technology will be used in many fields in future. 4．What is the best title of the passage? A．Having video calls in a virtual world. B．Touching people through video calls. C．Advantages of the haptic technology. D．Importance of the 3D force sensors. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了柔软皮肤拉伸装置的功能和工作原理以及未来的发展领域。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“At present, however, the haptic technology has great difficulty recreating the sense of touch with objects in virtual environments or at a distance, according to Mai Thanh Thai, lead author of the study.”可知，今天的触觉技术的问题是它不能再现远距离物体的触觉。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，SSD的工作原理是：1.People in both sides of line wear gloves with special devices. 两边的人都戴着带特殊装置的手套；2. Interactions are measured by 3D force sensors. 相互作用由三维力传感器测量；3. Force signals are sent to the haptic glove with the SSDs. 力信号通过SSD发送到触觉手套；4. The same sense of touch are being experienced. 同样的触觉也在经历。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据文中最后一段“The new haptic technology could be used in various situations, allowing users to feel objects inside a virtual world or at a distance. This could be especially helpful when people use video calls to stay connected with loved ones, it could also be used in medical practices. Doctors can feel a patient’s organ with medical tools without touching them.”可知，这项新技术将来将在许多领域得到应用。故选D。 4．最佳标题。文章主要介绍了柔软皮肤拉伸装置的功能和工作原理以及未来的发展领域。故文章最佳标题应是“通过视频电话接触他人”。故选B。 2 Do you remember the TV series of Popeye the Sailor(《大力水手》)? It first became a popular cartoon in the 1930s. The leading role in that cartoon ate lots of spinach(菠菜) to make him strong. Popeye helped sell 33% more spinach than before! Then spinach became a necessary part of many people’s diets. Even some young children who hated the taste began to try the vegetable. Many people thought it was iron(铁) in spinach that made Popeye strong and healthy, but it was not true. Spinach does not have any more iron than other green vegetables. People only thought spinach had a lot of iron because the researchers who studied the food made a mistake. In the 1890s, a group of people worked on what was inside vegetables. This group wrote the number wrong, and everyone accepted it. Today, we know that the little iron there is in spinach cannot make a difference in how strong a person is. However, spinach does contain something else which the body needs—folic acid(叶酸). It is interesting to point out folic acid can help make your body strong. Maybe it was really the folic acid that made people strong all along. 1．Many people ate more spinach after seeing Popeye the Sailor because ________. A．Popeye was a hero B．they thought spinach made them strong C．they liked folic acid D．spinach contained a lot of iron 2．The research findings showed people that spinach ________. A．made Popeye strong and healthy B．had less iron than other green vegetables C．was rich in vitamin D D．had more iron than other green vegetables 3．Folic acid is ________. A．something in food B．a vegetable C．bad for health D．a certain kind of spinach 4．A good title for this passage can be ________. A．Popeye the Sailor B．Mistaken Number C．The Truth About Spinach D．Amazing Folic Acid 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要通过《大力水手》的电视剧来说明菠菜中含铁量并不比其他蔬菜多，但菠菜中含有的叶酸会使人的身体强壮。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The leading role in that cartoon ate lots of spinach(菠菜) to make him strong.”可知人们是看到大力水手吃菠菜变得强壮才开始吃更多的菠菜的，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“In the 1890s, a group of people worked on what was inside vegetables. This group wrote the number wrong, and everyone accepted it.”可知研究人员写错了数字，但是大众都接受了错误的信息，故研究向人们表现得是菠菜中含有更多的铁，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, spinach does contain something else which the body needs—folic acid(叶酸).”可知叶酸是菠菜里的一种物质，故选A。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要在讲菠菜里面真正含有的铁不多，但却含有人们需要的叶酸，故是讲关于菠菜的真相，故选C。 文章大意类 【题型特点】 需要考生总结文章的主要内容，通常以 “What is the passage mainly about?”“The main idea of the passage is...” 等形式提问。 1.考查形式 常见的提问方式有：“What is the main idea of the passage?”“What does the passage mainly talk about?”“The passage is mainly about...” 等。 2.特点分析 全面性：要求概括出文章的主要内容，涵盖文章的各个关键方面，不能只关注局部细节。例如，一篇关于人工智能在医疗、教育和交通领域应用的文章，其大意应该是 “人工智能在多个领域的应用”，要包含医疗、教育、交通等多个方面，体现全面性。 客观性：需基于文章内容客观总结，不能加入主观臆断或过度引申。文章中没有明确提及的内容，不能出现在对文章大意的概括中。比如，文章只是介绍了某种新的教学方法的实施过程和效果，就不能在概括大意时说这种方法将彻底改变教育模式，因为这是过度引申，不符合客观性原则。 简洁性：用简洁明了的语言概括文章核心内容，避免冗长复杂的表述。例如，文章讲述了某地区的历史变迁，从古代到现代的发展历程，概括大意时可以是 “某地区的历史发展概述”，简洁地表达出文章的核心内容。 【易错分析】 1.遗漏关键信息：未能全面捕捉文章中的重要信息，导致对文章大意的概括不完整。例如，文章分别从历史、文化、经济等方面介绍了一个城市，而考生在概括时只提到了历史和文化方面，忽略了经济方面的内容。 2.主次不分：把文章中的次要信息当作主要内容进行概括，或者对主要信息和次要信息的比重把握不当。比如文章主要论述了某种新技术的研发和应用，而在概括时却重点强调了该技术研发过程中的一些琐碎细节，而不是技术的核心内容和应用价值。 3.理解偏差：对文章的关键语句或整体内容理解错误，从而得出错误的文章大意。这可能是由于对一些关键词汇、长难句的理解不准确，或者受到自身固有观念的影响。 【突破策略】 阅读时要注意文章的结构和脉络，通常文章的开头和结尾会点明主旨，各段落的首句也往往是该段的中心句。要梳理文章的逻辑关系，明确哪些是主要信息，哪些是次要信息，将主要信息进行整合概括。同时，要结合文章的背景知识和上下文来准确理解关键语句的含义。 1.通览全文：快速阅读文章，了解文章的大致内容和结构，明确文章的主题和主要论述方向。可以先浏览标题、首尾段以及每段的首句，对文章有一个整体的初步印象。例如，看到文章标题是 “Space Exploration: Past, Present and Future”，就可以知道文章是关于太空探索的，且可能会从过去、现在和未来三个方面进行论述，带着这样的预期去阅读文章，更有助于把握文章大意。 2.梳理脉络：在阅读过程中，梳理文章的结构和逻辑脉络，明确各部分之间的关系，找出主要观点和支持观点的细节。比如，文章采用总分总的结构，开头提出观点 “科技发展对人类生活产生了深远影响”，中间分别从通讯、交通、医疗等方面进行举例说明，结尾总结科技发展的利弊。那么在梳理脉络后，就可以清楚地知道文章大意是围绕科技发展对人类生活的影响展开的。 3.对比排除：在选择答案时，将各个选项与自己总结的文章大意进行对比，排除那些明显偏离、片面或过于细节的选项。例如，选项中一个是 “科技在通讯领域的应用”，一个是 “科技发展对人类生活的多方面影响”，通过对比可以发现，前者只是文章中的一个细节，而后者更符合文章整体内容，从而选择出正确答案。 【示例分析】 文章介绍了一种新型环保材料的研发背景、制作工艺、性能特点以及在不同领域的应用前景。在概括文章大意时，如果只说 “文章讲了一种新型材料的制作”，就遗漏了研发背景、性能特点和应用前景等关键信息。正确的概括应该是 “本文主要介绍了一种新型环保材料的研发背景、制作工艺、性能特点及其应用前景”，这样才能全面准确地涵盖文章的主要内容。 1 Long long ago, there were birds in the forest. The birds were very beautiful. One day, a man saw them. He caught them and sent them to the king. The king liked the two birds very much when he saw them. He hadn’t seen such beautiful birds before. He kept both of the birds in a fine place and ordered his servants (仆人) to look after them well. The servants gave them fruit and delicious food. They were the center of attention (关注). One day, another man brought a monkey to the king. The king was happy to see the monkey. Soon the monkey was the center of attention. People didn’t pay their attention to the two beautiful birds. The younger bird felt sad and became angry, but the other one didn’t lose his hope. He was much smarter than his younger brother. He told his brother,“We shouldn’t lose hope for life. We should remember the bad days will be over.” One day, the monkey made the king unhappy. So the king ordered his servants to send the monkey away. The bad days of the birds were over. They became the center of attention again. The smart bird said to his younger brother, “Nothing is permanent(永恒的) in the world and one should never lose hope.” 1．How did the king feel when the man gave the two birds to him? A．Happy B．Afraid C．Sad D．Angry 2．Why did the young bird feel angry? A．No one looked after him any more. B．People didn’t like the monkey C．The servants didn’t give them food D．The monkey was the center of attention 3．What did the older bird tell the younger one? A．They must run away. B．They should be hopeful C．They couldn’t be happy any more. D．They couldn’t get attention again. 4．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Everything is permanent. B．Be the center of attention C．Always have hope for life D．Be friendly to everyone 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 【解析】本篇文章主要讲述从前有一个人捕捉了两只鸟，并将它们送给了国王，它们成为了焦点。但是后来来了一只猴子，人们将注意力转移到了猴子身上。较小的鸟比较悲伤和生气，但是大一点的鸟劝告它，不要对生活失去信心，不好的日子终究会过去。后来，这个猴子惹得国王不开心，国王派仆人将它送走，这两只鸟又变成了人们的焦点了。这个故事告诉我们，世界上没有什么事情是永恒的，所以我们不要失去信心。 1．细节理解题。根据The king liked the two birds very much when he saw them可知，当这个人将两只鸟送给国王时，国王很开心，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据Soon the monkey was the center of attention...The younger bird felt sad and became angry...可知，猴子成为关注的中心，所以较小的鸟生气了，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据We shouldn’t lose hope for life. We should remember the bad days will be over可知，它告诉这只小鸟，不要对生活失去信心，要抱有希望，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据Nothing is permanent(永恒的) in the world and one should never lose hope可知，世界上没有什么事情是永恒的，不要失去希望，故选C。 2 Buying second-hand things is becoming more popular these days. One million people are selling over two million second-hand things including clothing, books and electronic devices (电子产品) on Xianyu every day, Xinhua reported. People have made more money in recent years and bought more things than they really need, according to a speech given by Wei Ying, founder of the second-hand book trading site Deja Vu. As more people turn to a simple lifestyle, they are selling their used things for cheap. Shoppers are attracted (吸引) to the low prices, as well as the fact that buying second-hand is good for the environment. Second-hand books When Chen Junjun, 22, a college student in Shanghai, wants to buy books, she uses Deja Vu. She searches for the books she wants and adds them to her shopping cart (购物车), just like on any other shopping site. The difference is that the books are much cheaper-as much as 70 percent cheaper than new books. “Since I don’t have enough money, it’s a perfect choice for me,” Chen said. Lots of people like Chen are buying second-hand books. Deja Vu has over three million users and sells about 20,000 second-hand books every day, Beijing Daily reported. It has also opened two brick-and-mortar (实体的) bookstores-one in Beijing, the other in Shanghai. Besides lower prices, people can also find out-of-print (绝版的) books. Yan Minjun, 21, she has bought many classic books on Deja Vu. Second-hand fashion Buying second-hand clothing is another trend (潮流). According to online reseller Thred Up, the second-hand fashion market is expected to grow by 185 percent over the next 10 years. Vintage (复古的) clothing are especially popular. They include old clothing, accessories or other things that often go back 30 years or even more. But if they’re still in good condition, people can still wear them. 1．What is making second-hand shopping popular? ①New experience. ②Safer shopping choices. ③Lower prices. ④Environmental benefits (效益). A．①② B．②③ C．①④ D．③④ 2．Why does Chen Junjun buy used books on Deja Vu? A．Because used books are cheaper than new books. B．Because she can exchange books with others. C．Because she can meet the books’ former owners. D．Because the only books she wants to buy are on the site. 3．What do we know about Deja Vu? A．It only offers online services. B．It has about 20,000 users. C．It sells out-of-print books. D．It is only popular among students. 4．What’s the main idea of the story? A．Second-hand shopping sites are new. B．There are disadvantages to buying used items. C．Using second-hand things can protect the environment. D．Buying second-hand things is becoming more popular. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 【解析】本文向我们介绍了一种社会现象——买二手东西变得越来越流行。 1．细节理解题。根据“Shoppers are attracted (吸引) to the low prices, as well as the fact that buying second-hand is good for the environment.”可知，购物者被低价所吸引，以及购买二手商品对环境有益。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Since I don’t have enough money, it’s a perfect choice for me”可知，因为二手书比新书便宜，所以她买二手书。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Besides lower prices, people can also find out-of-print (绝版的) books.”可知，除了更低的价格，人们还可以在Deja Vu找到绝版的书。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，本文向我们介绍了一种社会现象——买二手东西变得越来越流行。故选D。 段落大意类 【题型特点】 针对文章中的某一段落，要求考生概括其主要内容，常见的提问方式有 “What is the main idea of Paragraph...?”“What does the... paragraph mainly talk about?” 等。 1.考查形式 常见的提问方式有：“What is the main idea of Paragraph...?”“What does the... paragraph mainly talk about?”“The... paragraph is mainly about...” 等。有时也会要求用一个词或短语来概括段落大意。 2.特点分析 针对性强：只针对文章中的某一个特定段落进行考查，要求准确把握该段落的核心内容，与其他段落的内容区分开来。例如，在一篇关于不同文化习俗的文章中，某一段落专门介绍了中国春节的传统习俗，那么该段落的大意就应围绕春节习俗展开，而不会涉及其他文化的习俗内容。 概括性要求高：需要用简洁的语言概括出段落的主要意思，能够涵盖段落中的关键信息，体现段落的核心主旨。比如，段落中提到了某种植物的生长环境、生长周期和主要特点等方面，概括段落大意时就要把这些关键信息整合起来，如 “某种植物的生长特性概述”。 【易错分析】 1.以点代面：用段落中的一个具体例子或细节来代替整个段落的主旨。例如，某段落主要讲述了不同动物的迁徙习性，其中提到了燕子的迁徙路线作为例子，考生可能会错误地认为该段落主要是讲燕子的迁徙。 2.概括不全：没有涵盖段落中的所有重要方面，只抓住了部分内容。比如段落中既提到了某种产品的优点，也提到了其存在的一些问题，但考生在概括时只提到了优点，忽略了问题部分。 3.过度解读：对段落内容进行过度引申或推断，超出了段落实际表达的意思。例如，段落只是描述了某个地区的人口增长情况，考生却推断出该地区未来的经济发展趋势，而这在段落中并没有明确提及。 【突破策略】 重点关注段落的首句、尾句以及中间具有总结性或过渡性的语句。这些地方往往会点明段落的主旨。同时，要梳理段落中的逻辑关系，看看是按照什么顺序展开论述的，是总分、分总还是总分总等结构。将段落中的关键信息进行整合，概括出核心内容，避免加入自己的主观臆断。 1.寻找主题句：首先关注段落的首尾句，看是否有能够直接表明段落主旨的句子。如果首句或尾句没有明显的主题句，再观察段落中间是否有总结性、概括性的句子。例如，在论述环保重要性的段落中，首句可能是 “Environmental protection is crucial for the survival of our planet.”，这就是该段落的主题句，直接点明了段落大意是关于环保对地球生存的重要性。 2.归纳关键信息：如果段落没有明确的主题句，就需要归纳段落中反复出现的关键词、关键信息，提炼出核心内容。比如，段落中多次提到 “新型能源”“减少污染”“可持续发展” 等词汇，那么段落大意可能是关于新型能源对环境和可持续发展的作用。 3.排除干扰项：在选择答案时，要排除那些只涉及段落部分内容、与段落主旨无关或过度引申的选项。例如，选项中一个是段落中提到的某个具体例子，一个是对段落内容的准确概括，那么就要排除具体例子的选项，选择能全面概括段落大意的选项。 【示例分析】 以一个描述校园生活丰富多彩的段落为例，段落中提到了学校有各种社团活动、体育比赛以及文化节等。如果概括为 “学校有社团活动”，就是以点代面，没有全面概括。正确的概括应该是 “该段落主要讲述了学校丰富多样的校园生活，包括社团活动、体育比赛和文化节等”，这样能准确涵盖段落的主要内容。 1 While mothers look forward to Mother’s Day, sellers expect the holiday even more. That’s because the money spent on meals, flowers, and other presents adds up to billions of dollars, and the spending keeps increasing year after year. Not surprisingly, gifts like rings and necklaces top the list with $4.6 billion. Trips come in second of $4.4 billion. $2.6 billion will go towards buying flowers. Others include clothing ($2.1billion), electronics ($2.1 billion), and personal services. Though motherhood has been celebrated across the world for centuries, this official(官方的) US holiday started because of the hard work of Anna Jarvis. She came up with the idea in 1905 to honor moms for the hard work they do for their families. The first celebration in 1908 at a Methodist church in Grafton, West Virginia, was such a success that Jarvis made up her mind to make the holiday a national holiday. To achieve her goal, she started a writing campaign(运动) to newspapers and lawmakers about the importance of a special day to honor mothers. While many states, towns, and churches had accepted the holiday by 1912, it took another two years for President Woodrow Wilson to set the second Sunday in May as official Mother’s Day. However, soon after the holiday became official, sellers got the opportunity to market their products. Jarvis was not pleased with this. So she spent years speaking out and fighting against the “profiteers(投机商)”. While Mother’s Day has become increasingly commercial(商业的), most moms would choose spending time with their families and a break from daily chores over going to expensive stores to buy things. So on Mother’s Day this year, do something thoughtful like making breakfast or doing laundry, and more importantly, spend time with your mom and give her a hug! 1．According to Paragraph 2, people are most likely to spend their money on _________ on Mother’s Day. A．Trips B．flowers C．clothing D．rings and necklaces 2．The third paragraph mainly tells us how _________. A．Anna Jarvis thanked her mother B．the writing campaign was organized C．Mother’s Day became an official holiday D．President Woodrow Wilson honored mothers 3．Jarvis was unhappy with the holiday later because she _________. A．wanted to start a better holiday B．failed to make the holiday popular C．found it hard to get it accepted by people D．got disappointed at the way of celebration 4．We can infer from the last paragraph that most moms _________. A．prefer cooking at home to eating outside B．expect surprising gifts from their children C．consider daily housework really great pleasure D．consider Mother’s Day a chance to stay with families 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了母亲节的来历但商家却利用母亲节大赚一笔，文末号召读者在母亲节为母亲做一点贴心的事。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Not surprisingly, gifts like rings and necklaces top the list with $4.6 billion.”可知买戒指和项链的最多，故选D。 2．段落大意题。第三段主要讲母亲节的来历，主要是一位叫Anna Jarvis的人提出并发起运动，最终使节日得到官方同意，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“However, soon after the holiday became official, sellers got the opportunity to market their products. Jarvis was not pleased with this.”可知Jarvis对母亲节庆祝方式不满意，故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“most moms would choose spending time with their families and a break from daily chores over going to expensive stores to buy things.”可知大部分妈妈都会选择和家人一起度过这段时间，即认为是和家人一起的机会。故选D。 2 The growth in tall buildings worldwide, most of which have large glass panes, has led to a great need for window washers. Though the job, which earns workers as much as $35 an hour, can be lucrative, accidents are not uncommon. However, the dangerous chore may soon be done by Ozmo, an intelligent window cleaning robot, with humans controlling from the safety of the ground. Much like humans, Ozmo, hanging off the sides of the building, uses its arms and brushes to clean the dirt on the glass panes. A 3-D map of the building programmed into its system allows the robot to skillfully move up and down. Computer vision and touch sensors (传感器) enable it to move out of the way in case of unexpected events, such as the sudden opening of a window. And the robot will self-correct and move around it so as not to break a window. Unlike other window washers, the robot cleaner does not require soap or Windex to clean the glass. Instead, it uses purified water and a process called reverse osmosis (反渗透) to do the job. It is environmentally friendly. While it takes three cleaners 480 hours each to clean the windows of a 40-story glass building, the robot will single-handedly complete the task in just 80 hours. However, unlike other robots, Ozmo will not take the place of human workers, only making their jobs safer. Human workers will control the robot from below. Whether Ozmo, which is still being tested, does as good a job as humans remains to be seen. Past efforts to use a robot to do this dangerous job have not been successful, because the machines do not have the same eye as humans and often miss the soot (烟垢) collected on window corners. 1．The underlined word “lucrative” in the passage probably means ________. A．safe B．dangerous C．well-paid D．meaningless 2．The second paragraph mainly tells us ________. A．why Ozmo is much more intelligent than human workers B．how Ozmo works to clean the glass smartly C．what helps Ozmo move up and down skillyfully D．Where Ozmo can do its job skillfully 3．What does Ozmo use to clean the glass? A．Windex B．Soap C．Dirt or soot D．Purified water 4．The writer organizes Paragraph 2, 3 and 4 by ________. A．telling stories B．asking questions C．giving suggestions D．making comparisons. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【解析】本文主要介绍了擦窗机器人Ozmo。在高楼中擦玻璃是很危险的，机器人Ozmo可以帮助人们完成这项工作，但是它不能完全替代人类。 1．词义猜测题。根据第一段的“which earns workers as much as $35 an hour”可知，工人擦窗每小时能赚35美元，是获利的、工资很高的，lucrative与well-paid同义。故选C。 2．段落大意题。根据第二段“Ozmo, hanging off the sides of the building, uses its arms and brushes to clean the dirt on the glass panes. A 3-D map of the building programmed into its system allows the robot to skillfully move up and down. Computer vision and touch sensors enable it to move out of the way in case of unexpected events”可知，此段讲的是Ozmo是如何擦玻璃的。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“the robot cleaner does not require soap or Windex to clean the glass. Instead, it uses purified water”可知，Ozmo擦玻璃需要用纯净水。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Much like humans, Ozmo, hanging off the sides of the building, uses its arms and brushes to clean the dirt on the glass panes.”、第三段的“Unlike other window washers, the robot cleaner does not require soap or Windex to clean the gl ass. Instead, it uses purified water”以及第四段的“However, unlike other robots, Ozmo will not take the place of human workers, only making their jobs safer.”可知，第二段将Ozmo与人作比较；第三段将Ozmo与其他擦玻璃器作比较；第四段将Ozmo与其他机器人做比较。三段都采用作比较的方式来写的。故选D。 写作目的类 【题型特点】 询问作者写这篇文章的目的，常见的提问方式有 “Why did the author write this passage?”“The author's purpose of writing this article is to...” 等。 1.考查形式 常见的提问方式有：“What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?”“Why did the author write this article?”“The passage is written to...” 等。 2.特点分析 意图隐含性：作者的写作目的通常不会直接在文章中明确表述，而是隐含在字里行间，需要学生通过对文章的整体理解、分析文章的结构、语言风格以及作者的观点态度等来推断。例如，一篇介绍某种环保产品的文章，作者可能通过详细描述该产品的优点和对环境的益处，隐含地表达出希望读者关注环保产品、支持环保事业的目的。 体裁关联性：不同体裁的文章往往有不同的写作目的倾向。比如，记叙文通常是为了讲述一个故事，传达某种情感或道理；说明文主要是为了介绍事物的特点、功能、原理等，以传递信息为目的；议论文则是为了阐述作者的观点，说服读者接受某种观点或采取某种行动。 【易错分析】 1.误判意图：没有准确理解作者的写作意图，将作者的客观描述误认为是主观评价，或者将作者的劝诫意图理解为只是单纯的介绍。例如，文章客观介绍了某种不良生活习惯对健康的影响，目的是提醒人们要改正这种习惯，但考生可能会认为作者只是在介绍一种现象，没有意识到作者的劝诫意图。 2.过于表面：只看到文章的表面内容，没有深入挖掘作者背后的真正目的。比如文章讲述了一个历史故事，表面上是在叙述历史事件，但实际上作者可能是通过这个故事来传达某种价值观或启示，考生如果只停留在故事本身，就会误解写作目的。 3.主观臆断：根据自己的想法和理解来推测作者的写作目的，而不是从文章的内容和线索出发。例如，考生可能因为自己对某个话题有特定的看法，就认为作者也有同样的意图，而忽略了文章中作者实际表达的观点和目的。 【突破策略】 分析文章的体裁和风格，如果是议论文，作者的目的通常是论证某个观点或说服读者接受某种看法；如果是记叙文，可能是通过故事传达某种情感或道理；如果是说明文，一般是为了介绍知识或信息。关注文章中的关键语句和情感词汇，这些可以帮助判断作者的态度和意图。同时，要结合文章的背景和受众来思考作者写作的目的。 1.分析文章体裁：先判断文章的体裁，根据不同体裁的特点来推测写作目的。如若是记叙文，考虑作者是想通过故事表达个人情感、人生感悟或是传递某种价值观；若是说明文，思考作者是为了普及知识、介绍产品还是解释某种现象；若是议论文，分析作者是要论证某个观点、反驳某种看法还是呼吁人们采取某种行动。 2.关注首尾段落和关键句：文章的开头和结尾往往会透露作者的写作目的。开头可能会点明写作的背景、缘由或引出主题，结尾则可能会总结观点、提出建议或呼吁行动。同时，关注文中的一些关键句，如表达作者观点态度的句子、总结性的句子等。例如，在文章结尾处出现 “Therefore, we should take immediate action to protect our environment.”，很明显作者的写作目的是呼吁人们采取行动保护环境。 3.体会语言风格和情感色彩：注意作者使用的词汇和语言风格，判断其中蕴含的情感色彩。是积极倡导、消极批判，还是中立客观的描述，这有助于理解作者的写作目的。比如，作者在描述某种现象时使用了大量带有贬义的词汇，说明作者对该现象持批判态度，写作目的可能是为了引起人们对该现象的关注并加以改进。 【示例分析】 一篇关于垃圾分类重要性的文章，通过列举垃圾分类对环境、资源回收等方面的好处，以及不分类带来的危害。如果认为作者的目的只是介绍垃圾分类的相关知识，就过于表面。实际上，作者的目的是呼吁人们重视垃圾分类，养成良好的垃圾分类习惯，以保护环境和资源。 1 That cold January night, I was growing sick of my life in San Francisco. There I was walking home alone in the morning after a tiring practice at the theatre. With the opening night only a week away, I was still learning my lines. I was having trouble acting at night at the same time. As I walked, I thought seriously about giving up both acting and San Francisco. As I walked down empty streets under tall buildings, I felt very small and cold. I began running, both to keep warm and to keep away from any possible robber. Very few people were still out except a few sad-looking homeless people under blankets. About a block from my apartment, I heard a sound behind me. I turned quickly, half expecting to see someone with a knife or a gun. The street was empty. All I saw was a shining streetlight. Still, the noise had made me nervous, so I started to run faster. Not until I reached my apartment building and unlocked the door did I realize what the noise had been. It had been my wallet falling on the sidewalk. Suddenly I wasn’t cold or tired any more. I ran out of the door and back to where I’d heard the noise. Although I searched the sidewalk anxiously for fifteen minutes, my wallet was nowhere to be found. Just as I was about to give up the search when I heard the garbage truck pull up to the sidewalk next to me. When a voice called from the inside, “Alisa Camacho?” I thought I was dreaming. How could this man know my name? The door opened, and out jumped a small red-haired man with an amused look in his eyes. “Is this what you are looking for?” he asked, holding up a small square shape. It was nearly 3 a.m. by the time I got into bed. I wouldn’t get much sleep that night, but I had got my wallet back. I also had got back some enjoyment of city life. I realized that the city couldn’t be a bad place as long as people were willing to help each other. 1．What can we know about the author from the text? A．He was bored with his present job. B．He was jobless just now. C．He had trouble doing with his jobs. D．He gave up acting and San Francisco. 2．What happened according to Paragraph 3? A．Someone with a knife walked behind the author. B．The noise made the author’s wallet fall on the sidewalk. C．The author run faster because he saw a shining streetlight. D．The author realized he had lost the wallet after unlocking the door. 3．What does the underlined sentence mean? A．The author was surprised. B．The author liked dreaming. C．Finding the wallet was impossible. D．The man made the author scared. 4．Why did the author write the text? A．To encourage people to go home early. B．To tell about an unforgettable experience in the past. C．To give tips on how to work in San Francisco. D．To encourage people not to give up their dreams. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 【解析】本文讲述了作者厌倦了旧金山的生活，一次在回家的路上，他弄丢了钱包，最后好心人捡到后归还了他，让他感觉到了人间真情，最后决定放弃离开这个城市的想法。 1．推理判断题。根据“There I was walking home alone in the morning after a tiring practice at the theatre.…I was having trouble acting at night at the same time.”可知，作者在他的表演工作中遇到了困难。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“Not until I reached my apartment building and unlocked the door did I realize what the noise had been. It had been my wallet falling on the sidewalk.”可知，作者在打开门后才意识到丢失了钱包。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“I thought I was dreaming. How could this man know my name?”可知，划线句子中，作者因为垃圾车司机准确叫出自己的名字而感到惊讶，因此“I thought I was dreaming”表示的是作者的惊讶。故选A。 4．写作目的题。通读全文可知，整篇文章通过叙述找回钱包的经历，讲述了他过去的一段难忘的经历。故选B。 2 Ten years ago, many people thought that the age of the physical book(纸质书) was coming to an end. The objects that had been the companions(伙伴) of millions of readers for hundreds of years were about to die out. Soon, we’d all be reading on little electronic screens and laughing at the memory of places called “libraries” and “bookshops”. But it seems not true about the idea of the death of the physical books. At least in the UK, as The Guardian noted, sales of e-books are falling while sales of paper books are rising. More surprisingly, it’s young people who are buying the most physical books. More than 60 percent of 16-to-24-year-olds preferred print books to e-books. The most popular reason given was: “I like to hold the product.” Books become very personal objects to lovers of reading. It often starts with the way they get them. Many buyers of books like to write down their name on the inside cover when they've bought one. And we carry books around with us everywhere. If there’s a mark made on the pages from coffee or food, it doesn’t matter. These accidents make the book – our book – even more personal. It’s as if readers of physical books make friends with them. Of course, some could say that the devices on which people read e-books, like Kindles and iPads are also objects that we like. But it isn't quite the same. A Kindle, can hold as many pieces of writing as a whole library. But a story we remember from our time turning its pages in our favourite armchair enters our memory forever. Physical books are as valuable to some readers as items of jewelry or photographs of family members. This “friendship” people develop with books isn’t just about feelings. Research has shown that readers remember more information read from physical books than electronic ones. However, there’s no doubt e-books are here to stay. They aren’t simply a “here today, gone tomorrow” thing. But it’s also certain that physical books, which have been in production since the fifteenth century, are here to stay, too. 5．What can be inferred from the passage? A．Physical books will soon no longer be made. B．Sales of e-books and print books are both rising． C．Lovers of physical books are mostly old people. D．Physical books are making a comeback in the UK. 6．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a feature of physical books? A．Readers can form a very close relationship with their books. B．Physical books may carry readers’ valuable memories. C．Readers get more information from physical books than e-books. D．It is easier for readers to make notes on physical books. 7．Why did the author write this article? A．To explain why physical books will not disappear soon. B．To describe different reading tastes in the UK. C．To explain what makes physical books personal. D．To recommend that readers read more physical books. 【答案】5．D 6．D 7．A 【解析】很多人认为现在有了电子书，人们通常阅读的纸质书可能就会消失了，但作者告诉我们这可能不是真的，电子书和纸质书都会继续存在下去。 5．细节理解题。根据短文第二段中At least in the UK, as The Guardian noted, sales of e-books are falling while sales of paper books are rising.可知，在英国电子书的销量下降了，而纸质书的销量上升了。由此可知应选D。 6．细节理解题。根据短文中It’s as if readers of physical books make friends with them.But a story we remember from our time turning its pages in our favourite armchair enters our memory forever、Research has shown that readers remember more information read from physical books than electronic ones.可知A、B和C三项的内容都在短文中提到了，D没有提到，故应选D。 7．写作目的题。短文开头Ten years ago, many people thought that the age of the physical book(纸质书) was coming to an end. The objects that had been the companions(伙伴) of millions of readers for hundreds of years were about to die out. 提到了很多人的这种观点“纸质书可能要消失了”；然后在第二段的开头But it seems not true about the idea of the death of the physical books.作者说明这可能不是真的，下文对作者的观点进行了阐述，故A选项“解释为什么纸质书不会消失的原因”，符合文意，选A。 1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$