易错点10 阅读理解细节理解题(五大易错点+四大类型突破+易错通关练)-备战2025年中考英语考试易错题(浙江专用)

易错点10 阅读理解细节理解题 (五大易错点+四大类型突破+易错通关练) 目录 易错点分析 1 信息遗漏 2 信息混淆 3 理解偏差 4 过度推断 5 忽视干扰 易错点突破 1 事实细节题 2 数字计算题 3 是非判断题 4 顺序排列题 易错点一：信息遗漏 【问题分析】 学生在阅读时，可能会忽略一些关键信息，导致对题目所涉及的内容理解不全面，从而选错答案。 【典例分析】 文章中提到 “Tom went to the park with his sister and played basketball there for two hours in the afternoon.”，而题目问 “Who did Tom go to the park with?”，有些学生可能只看到 “Tom went to the park”，就选了 “Tom”，而忽略了 “with his sister” 这一关键信息。 【突破策略】 培养仔细阅读的习惯，在阅读文章时，用笔标记出与题目相关的关键信息，如人物、时间、地点、事件等，确保获取完整的信息。同时，在选择答案前，再次核对题目要求和文中信息，避免遗漏。 易错点二：信息混淆 【问题分析】 文章中可能会出现多个相似的信息或概念，学生容易将它们混淆，导致错误地匹配信息，选错答案。 【典例分析】 文章介绍了两种动物，一种是 “Giraffes are tall and have long necks. They mainly eat leaves.”，另一种是 “Elephants are big and strong. They eat grass and some fruits.”，题目问 “What do giraffes eat?”，有些学生可能会因为混淆两种动物的饮食习惯，选成 “grass and some fruits”。 【突破策略】 对于文中出现的相似信息，要进行对比和区分，明确各自的特点和差异。可以通过制作简单的表格或笔记来梳理信息，帮助记忆和理解。在答题时，仔细辨别题目所问的对象，准确选择对应的信息。 易错点三：理解偏差 【问题分析】 学生对文章中的某些词汇、句子或概念理解不准确，导致对整个细节的把握出现偏差，进而做出错误的选择。 【典例分析】 文章中说 “She almost missed the bus.”，题目问 “Did she miss the bus?”，有些学生可能将 “almost” 理解为 “已经”，从而回答 “Yes”，而实际上 “almost” 表示 “几乎”，她并没有错过公交车。 【突破策略】 加强词汇和语法的学习，提高对英语语言的理解能力。遇到不熟悉的词汇或句子结构，要根据上下文进行推测和理解，也可以通过查阅词典等方式准确掌握其含义。同时，要注意英语中的一些习惯表达和特殊用法，避免因误解而犯错。 易错点四：过度推断 【问题分析】 学生在答题时，可能会根据自己的主观想法或经验进行过度推断，而不是依据文章中的具体信息来回答问题，导致答案超出了文章所表达的内容。 【典例分析】 文章提到 “John was late for school this morning because he got up late.”，题目问 “Why was John late for school?”，答案应该是 “Because he got up late.”，但有些学生可能会推断出 “He didn't sleep well last night.” 等文章中未提及的原因。 【突破策略】 明确细节理解题的答案应该基于文章中的明确表述，不要随意添加自己的主观臆断。在答题时，要紧扣文章内容，只选择文章中直接提到或可以直接从文中推断出的信息作为答案。如果选项中的内容在文章中没有依据，即使看似合理，也不能选择。 易错点五：忽视干扰项 【问题分析】 阅读理解的选项中通常会设置一些干扰项，这些干扰项可能与文章内容有一定的关联，但并不符合题目要求。学生如果不仔细辨别，容易被干扰项迷惑，从而选错答案。 【典例分析】 文章讲述了一个关于环保的活动，提到了活动的时间、地点、参与者和活动内容等。题目问 “What was the main purpose of the activity?”，正确答案是 “To raise people's awareness of environmental protection.”，而干扰项可能是 “The activity was held in the park.”（这是关于活动地点的信息）或 “Many students took part in the activity.”（这是关于参与者的信息）等。有些学生可能会因为看到这些选项与文章内容有关，就误选了干扰项。 【突破策略】 在阅读选项时，要仔细分析每个选项的内容，判断其与题目要求的相关性。对于干扰项，要明确其错误之处，如与题目所问的内容不符、范围过大或过小、偷换概念等。可以通过排除法，将明显不符合要求的干扰项逐一排除，提高答题的准确性。同时，要注意选项中的一些关键词，如 “only”“all”“never” 等，这些词可能会使选项的意思发生变化，需要特别谨慎判断。 事实细节题 【题型分析】 这是最常见的细节理解题类型，主要考查学生对文章中具体事实和细节的理解，如人物、事件、地点、原因、方式等。通常可以在文章中直接找到答案，只需准确定位相关信息即可。 【考查内容】 1.具体信息：涉及文章中关于人物、事件、地点、时间、原因、方式等方面的具体描述。例如，询问事件发生的时间、地点，人物的行为、特征，事情的起因、经过、结果等。如在一篇介绍历史事件的文章中，可能会问 “该事件发生在哪一年？”“事件的主要参与者有谁？” 2.关键细节：注重对文章中关键细节的考查，这些细节对于理解文章的核心内容或特定段落的主旨至关重要。比如，在描述某一科学实验的文章里，会考查实验的关键步骤、实验得出的重要数据等。 【命题方式】 1.特殊疑问句：以 what, who, when, where, why, how 等疑问词引导的问句，直接询问文章中的具体信息。例如：“What is the main idea of the second paragraph?”“Who discovered the new planet?” 2.填空题：要求学生根据文章内容填写空缺的信息，可能是一个单词、短语或句子。如：“The author believes that the key to success is .” 3.选择题：给出多个选项，让学生选择与文章内容相符的一项。选项内容可能是对原文细节的同义替换、改写，或者是部分信息正确部分错误，以此来干扰学生。例如：“According to the passage, which of the following statements is true about the new product?” 【典例示例】 文章提到 “Mary went to the supermarket to buy some fruits. She bought apples, bananas and oranges.” 题目问 “What did Mary buy in the supermarket?” 答案就是 “Apples, bananas and oranges.” 【易错分析】 信息遗漏或混淆，如忽略关键信息，或把不同人物、事件的细节弄混。例如，题目问 “Who went to the supermarket?” 学生可能因粗心选了文章中其他无关人物。 【突破策略】 仔细阅读题目，明确题目所问，然后在文中快速定位相关内容，将选项与原文信息逐一比对，确保答案准确无误。 1 Jed couldn’t keep the tears running down his face. His friend, Rob, wanted to help, but the more he talked about it, the worse Jed felt. “I know how terrible you must feel,” Rob said, “Everyone on the team thought the coach would choose you. He must be crazy to let Tom swim the breaststroke(蛙泳)!” When the coach told him about the date and place of the state swimming meeting for boys of 15 and under, Jed was sure he would be swimming the breaststroke. He even told his family that the team couldn’t win the event without him. When the coach chose Tom Timons, the new boy from Springfield, to swim the breaststroke, Jed could hardly believe it. Coach Robertson told Jed he could swim on the relay team, but that offered little consolation. “I may leave the team,” he told Rob. “I’d rather not swim at all than be on the relay team.” “I don’t know whether you should do that or not,” Rob said. “We need you on the relay team. Of course, if you say you won’t swim at all, the coach may change his mind and let you swim the breaststroke.” Jed left Rob and headed towards home. He knew it would be embarrassing to have to tell his family and his friends that someone else would take his place. He wondered if he should make up a story and tell his mom and dad that he asked the coach to put the new boy in. Jed didn’t know what to do. 1．We can know from the passage that __________. A．Rob failed to help Jed B．Jed didn’t want to swim the breaststroke at all. C．Tom would swim on the relay team D．the coach chose both Jed and Tom for the breaststroke 2．The underlined word “consolation” in paragraph2 means __________. A．Something that makes you feel sad B．Something that makes you feel better C．Another chance to swim the breaststroke D．Another chance to be on the relay team 3．The best title of this passage should be __________. A．Too Good to Swim B．Terrible to Be Out C．The Coach and Jed D．The Relay Team 4．If Jed really decided to make up a story, it should be __________. A．the coach didn’t like him B．he was not good enough to swim C．he wanted Tom to swim instead of him D．his friend Rob wanted to swim 2 Have you ever had an experience where you meet someone new, learn their name and think to yourself, “Wow, they really look just like their name!” What does this mean, exactly? Scientists are suggesting that humans tend to associate people’s names with their appearance, and can even guess someone’s name based on how they look. Researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel collected thousands of photos of people faces. They labeled each photo with four names. Then, they asked volunteers to guess which of the four names was correct. The volunteers were able to guess the right name 38 percent of the time. It seems that humans are able to recognize certain characteristics of faces that can give them clues about someone’s name, Reader’s Digest reported. However, this only works when we’re looking at names within our own culture. In addition, the volunteers were not as good at guessing the real names of people who use nicknames more often than their real names. This shows that a person’s appearance is affected by their name only if they use it often. “This kind of face-name matching happens “because of a process of self-fulfilling prophecy, as we become what other people expect us to become,” Ruth Mayo from the university told science news website EurekAlert. Previous studies have shown that gender and race stereotypes can affect a person’s appearance. The researchers believe there are also similar stereotypes about names. For example, people tend to think that men named Bob should have rounder faces because the word itself looks round. People may think that women named rose are beautiful. They expect them to be delicate and feminine, just like the flower they are named for. 1．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．People can guess others’ names base on their appearance. B．A person’s appearance can be affected by three factors. C．There are several ways to guess a stranger’s name. D．It’s not polite to ask strangers about their names. 2．Dr. Ruth Mayo thinks some people look like their names because of _______. A．racial stereotypes B．their unique culture C．a self-fulfilling prophecy D．their living environment 3．According to the passage, men named Bob are expected to _______. A．wear glasses B．have big eyes C．look beautiful D．have round faces 4．What do we know from this research? A．Nicknames have a bigger influence on people’s appearance. B．Gender and race have no influence on a person’s appearance. C．The volunteers guessed nearly four names correctly out of ten. D．People are good at recognizing the different characteristics of faces. 数字计算题 【题型分析】 此类题型要求学生根据文章中给出的数字信息进行计算，如时间、年龄、价格、数量等的计算。通常需要学生对数字信息进行分析、推理和计算。 【考查内容】 1.时间计算：涉及事件发生的时间、时间段的计算等。例如，文章中给出不同事件发生的具体年份或时间点，要求学生计算某两个事件之间相隔的时间，或者根据给定的时间线索推算出另一个相关事件的发生时间。 2.年龄计算：根据文中人物的出生时间、相关事件发生时的年龄等信息，计算出特定时间点人物的年龄，或者通过人物年龄的关系计算出其他人物的年龄。 3.数量计算：包括对物品数量、人数、次数等的计算。比如，文章提到商店中不同商品的销售数量，要求学生计算某种商品的总销量，或者根据比例关系计算出某一部分的数量。 4价格计算：涉及商品价格、费用等方面的计算。如根据商品的单价、折扣信息以及购买的数量，计算出购买商品的总价，或者根据总费用和人数计算出人均费用等。 【命题方式】 1.直接提问：题目直接明确地要求学生根据文章中的数字信息进行计算，例如：“How many students are there in the school if there are 20 classes and each class has 35 students?” 2.在具体情境中提问：将数字计算融入到具体的情境描述中，要求学生先理解情境，再进行相关计算。如：“A train leaves the station at 9:00 am and arrives at its destination at 1:30 pm. How long does the journey take?” 3.选项设置为计算结果：给出多个选项，每个选项都是一个计算结果，让学生选择正确的答案。选项中的计算结果可能会因为不同的计算方法或错误理解而产生差异，以此来考查学生的计算准确性和对数字信息的理解能力。 【典例示例】 文章中说 “Tom was born in 2005. His sister is 3 years younger than him.” 题目问 “In which year was Tom's sister born?” 需要计算得出 2005 + 3 = 2008，即他妹妹出生于 2008 年。 【易错分析】 计算错误或对数字信息的理解错误。比如，忽略文中关于数字的修饰词，如 “about”“more than”“less than” 等，导致计算结果不准确。 【突破策略】 遇到数字信息时，要仔细记录并分析其与题目相关的信息，注意数字之间的关系和修饰词，认真计算，避免粗心大意。 1 Welcome to wlt.shanxi.gov.cn. Here are tours of popular wonders. You can not only enjoy your life, but also learn something interesting. Yingxian Wooden Pagoda ·Age: All ages ·Opening Time: 8:00 a. m.—6:00 p. m. ·Ticket: ¥50 With a history of nearly 1,000 years, the pagoda is the world’s tallest and oldest wooden pagoda. You can enjoy the excellent views of the nearby countryside from the windows on all sides. However, tourists are only allowed to visit the first floor because of protection. The Hanging Temple ·Age: All ages ·Opening Time: 8:30 a. m.—4:30 p. m. ·Ticket: ¥115 This is an amazing temple with the history of more than 1,500 years old built from the cliff (悬崖). It mixes elements (元素) of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism. The Hanging Temple shows ancient people’s wisdom and is a great place for visitors. You can enjoy nature and experience culture here. Xiaoxitian Temple ·Age: All ages ·Opening Time: 8:00 a. m.—5:00 p. m. ·Ticket: ¥35 (¥18 for students between 6 and 18 years old; Free for the old over 60 and children under 6 years old.) Thousands of colourful and lifelike sculptures are shown in the main hall— Da Xiong Bao Dian. If you visit Xiaoxitian, you will understand why it is called “China’s Hanging Sculpture Art Museum”. The Yungang Grottoes ·Age: All ages ·Opening Time: 8:30 a. m.—4:30 p. m. ·Ticket: ¥120 The Yungang Grottoes is a group of caves in China with old and beautiful statues which are made of stone and show different figures (人物). You can learn more about the past after visiting it. It is a wonderful spot for seeing amazing things made long ago. 1．Jenny, a student in Grade 9, wants to visit Xiaoxitian Temple with her classmate Sally. How much should they pay? A．¥10. B．¥15. C．¥36. D．¥70. 2．How long is the Yungang Grottoes open? A．For 7 hours. B．For 8 hours. C．For 9.5 hours. D．For 10 hours. 3．According to the text, what can you do if you travel in Yingxian Wooden Pagoda? A．Find out many stone statues. B．Enjoy nature and experience culture. C．Take photos of hanging sculptures. D．See the beautiful views from the windows. 4．Where may the text come from? A．A storybook. B．A newspaper. C．A magazine. D．A website. 2 Life has gone mostly for many people around the world. With more people going online during the COVID-19 pandemic (疫情), global (全球的) internet traffic has become a big problem. Between January and late March, a quarter of major cities around the world experienced an increase in internet traffic. Video meetings, online classrooms, online shopping and other stay-at-home activities have become a lifeline to the outside world. This increase in traffic is testing the internet’s strength. In March, major phone networks in the UK experienced mass out outages(断供). People were not able to take calls, receive texts or use mobile data. In the US, major telecommunication (电信) companies like AT&T said traffic was up 21% month over month. Video streaming services like YouTube, Netflix and Facebook have cut their picture qualities (质量) and download speeds. This is being done to reduce network traffic jams. China has seen an internet traffic increase of around 50% compared to the end of 2019. The country’s network speeds went down in early February. However, they returned to normal soon afterwards and have been working well. That’s because China is developing 5G networks. By the end of February, 164,000 5G base stations had been built across China. This has given Chinese networks the power to withstand (经受住) increased traffic, China Daily said. “If there were no such development in the internet network field, people could hardly enjoy such a colorful life at home. Online working and teaching could never be realized so smoothly (顺畅地),” Wen Ku, an official with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, told Xinhua News. 1．What problem is mentioned in the passage? A．5G networks can’t work well. B．There are serious traffic jams on the road. C．Many people hardly go out during the pandemic. D．There is more internet traffic because of the pandemic. 2．What percent of major cities experienced an increase in internet traffic? A．21%. B．25%. C．50%. D．75%. 3．How were internet networks affected (影响) by the pandemic? A．The US had the heaviest network traffic in March. B．Many people couldn’t use phone networks in the UK in March. C．YouTube and Netflix users couldn’t watch videos. D．China’s network speeds went down in March. 4．What is Wen Ku’s attitude (态度) to China’s 5G networks? A．Positive. B．Unclear. C．Negative. D．Worried. 是非判断题 【题型分析】 要求学生根据文章内容判断所给选项或句子的正误，通常会出现 “True”“False”“Not mentioned” 等选项。需要学生对文章中的多个细节进行综合判断。 【考查内容】 1.事实判断：要求学生判断文章中所描述的具体事实是否正确，包括人物的行为、事件的发生情况、事物的特征等。例如，判断文中提到的某个人是否做了某件事，某个事件是否在特定时间或地点发生，某一物品是否具有特定的属性等。 2.细节比对：考查学生对文章中多个细节的综合比对能力，需要将选项中的内容与原文相应细节进行逐一对比，判断其是否与原文一致。这可能涉及到对多个句子甚至整个段落的理解，要求学生能够准确把握细节之间的关系和差异。 3.逻辑关系判断：有时会涉及对文章中逻辑关系的判断，如因果关系、转折关系、并列关系等是否与选项表述一致。例如，判断选项中所描述的因果关系是否与原文中事件的因果逻辑相符，是否存在因果倒置或错误归因的情况。 【命题方式】 1.三正一误或三误一正：通常给出四个选项，其中三个选项的内容与文章相符，一个选项与文章内容不符，要求学生找出错误的选项；或者三个选项与文章内容不符，一个选项与文章内容相符，让学生找出正确的选项。例如：“Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?” 或 “Which of the following is true about the author's experience?” 2.全正或全误判断：要求学生判断所有选项是否都与文章内容相符或都不相符。这种命题方式需要学生对每个选项进行仔细分析和判断，全面把握文章细节。例如：“Are all the following statements true based on the information in the passage?” 或 “Are all the statements below false according to the text?” 3.根据特定段落或细节判断：指定文章中的某个段落或特定细节，让学生根据这些限定信息判断选项的正误。这种方式考查学生对局部内容的精准理解能力。例如：“According to the third paragraph, which of the following statements is correct?” 【典例示例】 文章讲述了一场足球比赛的情况，提到 “The home team won the game.” 题目问 “Is the following statement true or false? The away team won the game.” 答案是 “False”。 【易错分析】 容易忽略文章中的细节信息，对一些关键内容理解不准确，或者没有全面考虑文章中的相关信息就做出判断。 【突破策略】 仔细阅读文章，将每个选项与文中相关内容进行仔细比对，注意选项中的关键词和限定词，确保对文章内容有准确的理解，然后再做出判断。对于 “Not mentioned” 选项，要特别谨慎，确保在文章中确实没有相关信息。 1 I was careful to behave as well as possible, hoping the King would give me freedom early. Lilliputians soon began to lose their fear of me. They called me Man-Mountain. Sometimes I lay down and let them dance on my hand, and from time to time children came to play games in my hair. By now I was able to speak their language well. One day the King invited me to watch their regular entertainments. I was most interested in the rope-dancing. A very thin rope was fixed (固定) about thirty centimetres above the ground. People who wanted to become the King’s officials jumped and danced on this rope, and who ever jumped highest without a miss got the best job. There was another interesting entertainment. The King held a stick in front of him, and moved it up and down from time to time. One by one, people came up to him and jumped over the stick or crawled (爬) under it. They went on jumping and crawling as the King moved the stick. The winner, who jumped and crawled for the longest time, received a blue ribbon (绶带) to wear round his waist. The second received a red ribbon, and the third got a green one. I had certainly never seen such entertainments in any of the countries I had visited before. Some days later the King agreed that I didn’t need to be a prisoner any longer. However, I had to promise certain things before I was set free: ·to be careful not to step on any Lilliputians or their animals ·to help the Lilliputians in war till they win peace (和平) ·to stay in Lilliput until the King allowed me to leave I agreed to everything at once. I was free at last! Several weeks after my visit to the country, I was visited by one of the King’s most important officials. His name was Reldresal, and he had helped me many times since I had arrived in Lilliput. “Well, my friend,” he said, “Lilliput has enemies (敌人) both at home and abroad. At home we have two political groups, the High-Heels and the Low-Heels. The two groups hate each other. As the present King and his officials are all Low-Heels, they refuse to speak to High-Heels. That’s the problem inside Lilliput. Besides, we’re getting information that the people of Blefusce are going to attack us. Have you heard of Blefusce? It’s an island very near us, almost as large and important as Lilliput. They’ve been at war with us for three years.” —Extracted from Gulliver’s Travels 1．Why did Gulliver try to behave as well as he could in Lilliput? A．Because he wanted to be set free earlier. B．Because the King ordered him to do so. C．Because he was in fear of the Lilliputians. D．Because he was called Man-Mountain. 2．Which of the statements about the two entertainments is true? A．Both entertainments chose the winners according to how much time was spent. B．The stick was fixed in the King’s hand about thirty centimetres above the ground. C．The winners of the stick entertainment would be given ribbons of the same color. D．The official who got the most important job jumped highest on the rope without falling. 3．How did Gulliver probably feel when he watched the two entertainments? A．Afraid. B．Surprised. C．Bored. D．Worried. 4．What could be inferred (推断) as the story went on? A．Gulliver would leave Lilliput. B．Gulliver would be tied to the ground by tiny persons. C．Gulliver would turn to the Low-Heel group for help. D．Gulliver would help the Lilliputians live a peaceful life. 2 Many people play sports, but very few people become sports players. If sports aren’t going to be your future, why should you play them? Why should you train every day? Why should you work hard and feel sore the next day? Wouldn’t it be better to stop it and only try your best in lessons? In fact, there are a lot of reasons to play sports. First of all, sports are a great way to exercise. Exercising keeps you healthy and strong. It also helps you stay in good shape. When you exercise, your body makes endorphins (安多芬) which make you feel happier. Also, sports teach young people how to communicate and work as a team. They teach young people to respect (尊重) their coaches, teammates and players from the other team. Many reports say that sports help young people stay out of trouble. If a young person plays sports, he or she may have fewer problems. This is because sports teach people about rules. They also teach people that if they work hard, they might realize their dreams. Another good way of sports is that they make people leave their houses. These days, a lot of people spend too much time watching TV and playing video games. When you play sports, you go outside and exercise in the sun. You take in fresh air. All of these things are important. Maybe you’re not going to become a sports player, but that doesn’t matter, sports will help you become a better and happier person. 1．The writer begins the passage by ________. A．telling stories B．listing numbers C．giving examples D．asking questions 2．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Reports. B．Rules. C．Problems. D．Sports. 3．We should leave the houses and go out to play sports because ________. ① we need to go out and get fresh air ② we should go outside and exercise in the sun ③ we need to keep our bodies strong and healthy ④ we should spend less time playing video games A．①, ②, ③ B．②, ③, ④ C．①, ②, ④ D．①, ③, ④ 4．According to the text, which of the following is TRUE about sports? A．When doing sports, we should respect everyone in the game. B．If young people do more sports, they will have more problems. C．When endorphins are made in our body, we will get angry easily. D．More exercise inside the buildings can bring people happiness and health. 顺序排列题 【题型分析】 此类题型要求学生根据文章内容对一系列事件、动作或步骤等进行正确的顺序排列。需要学生把握文章中的时间顺序、逻辑顺序或事情发展的先后顺序。 【考查内容】 1.事件顺序：要求学生根据文章内容，判断一系列事件发生的先后顺序。这些事件可能是按照时间顺序依次发生的，也可能是按照某种逻辑关系逐步展开的。例如，一篇讲述历史事件的文章，可能会要求学生排列几个历史事件的发生顺序；或者一篇描述人物经历的文章，让学生梳理出人物不同阶段的经历顺序。 2.过程步骤：针对描述事物发展过程、制作流程或解决问题步骤等内容的文章，考查学生对各个环节先后顺序的理解。比如，文章介绍了某种手工制品的制作过程，学生需要根据 文中描述，将制作步骤按正确顺序排列；或者文章讲述了一个科学实验的操作流程，学生要判断选项中实验步骤的排序是否正确。 【命题方式】 1.直接排序：给出几个事件或步骤，要求学生直接按照它们在文章中出现的顺序进行排列。例如：“Arrange the following events in the order they happened in the passage. ①... ②... ③... ④...” 2.选择正确顺序：提供几个选项，每个选项都是一种事件或步骤的排列顺序，让学生从中选出与文章内容相符的正确选项。例如：“Which of the following is the correct order of the steps to make a kite according to the passage?” 3.补充排序：给出部分事件或步骤的顺序，要求学生根据文章内容补充完整整个顺序。例如：“The first three steps of building a tree house are given as follows. Please find the correct order of the remaining steps according to the passage. ①... ②... ③... Then, ___, ___, ___.” 【典例示例】 文章描述了制作蛋糕的过程，“First, mix the flour, sugar and eggs. Then, pour the mixture into a baking pan. After that, put the pan in the oven and bake for 30 minutes. Finally, take the cake out of the oven and let it cool.” 题目问 “Which is the correct order of making a cake?” 然后给出几个选项让学生选择正确的顺序。 【易错分析】 没有准确把握文章中的顺序标志词，如 “first”“second”“then”“next”“finally” 等，或者对事件的先后顺序理解错误，导致排列错误。 【突破策略】 阅读文章时，注意捕捉表示顺序的关键词，并在文中标记出来。按照文章中给出的顺序对选项进行逐一分析和排列，确保答案符合文章的逻辑顺序。 1 Gwendolyn Brooks was the first African American to win a Pulitzer Prize for Literature. Gwendolyn Brooks wrote hundreds of poems during her lifetime. She was known around the world for using poetry to increase understanding about black culture in America. Her poems described conditions among the poor, racial inequality and drug use in the black community. She also wrote poems about the struggles of black women. But her skill was more than her ability to write about struggling black people. She was an expert at the language of poetry. She combined traditional European poetry styles with the African American experience. In her early poetry, Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about the South Side of Chicago. The South Side of Chicago is where many black people live. In her poems, the South Side is called Bronzeville. It was “A Street in Bronzeville” that gained the attention of literary experts in 1945. Critics praised her poetic skill and her powerful descriptions of the black experience during the time. The Bronzeville poems were her first published collection. In 1950, Gwendolyn Brooks became the first African American to win the Pulitzer Prize for Literature. She won the prize for her second book of poems called “Annie Allen”. “Annie Allen” is a collection of poetry about the life of Bronzeville girl as a daughter, a wife and a mother. She experiences loneliness, loss, death and being poor. Ms. Brooks said that winning the prize changed her life. Her next work was a novel written in 1953 called “Maud Martha”. “Maud Martha” received little notice when it was first published. But now it is considered an important work by some critics. Its main ideas about the difficult life of many women are popular among female writers today. In some of her poems, Gwendolyn Brooks described how what people see in life is affected by who they are. One example is this poem, “Corners on the Curing Sky”. By the end of the 1960s, Gwendolyn Brooks’ poetry expanded from the everyday experiences of people in Bronzeville. She wrote about a writer and dealt with important political issues. 1．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The life of Gwendolyn Brooks. B．The poems of Gwendolyn Brooks. C．The understanding about black culture. D．The struggles of black women. 2．The author develops the passage mainly by ________ . A．providing examples B．using statistics C．comparing opinions D．describing her experiences. 3．Which is the correct order according to Gwendolyn Brooks’ lifetime? a. Gwendolyn Brooks poetry expanded from everyday experiences of people in Bronzeville. b. Gwendolyn Brooks described the South Side as Bronzeville. c. Gwendolyn Brooks’ novel’s main idea is about the difficult life of many women. d. Gwendolyn Brooks won the Pulizer Prize for her second book. e. The Bronzeville poems gained the Critics’ praises. A．a-b-e-d-c B．b-c-a-e-d C．e-b-c-d-a D．b-e-d-c-a 4．In the next part, the author would most probably talk about ________ . A．the difficulties Gwendolyn Brooks would meet B．the poems related to political issues C．the awards Gwendolyn Brooks gained D．the racial inequality the black had to face 2 When I was young, I watched my mother using our dial (拨号) telephone one day. She was talking to someone who wasn’t actually in the room. After she hung up the phone and left the room, I walked over to the phone. I dialed some numbers like my mother and then I received a voice saying, “You have dialed a wrong number. Please …” I was surprised and quickly hung up. That, of course, was a long time ago. It was my earliest memory about the telephone. A few years later, we changed the old dial telephone to a push button (按键) phone. Next came mobile phones that you could carry around the house with you. After that came cellphones, and smartphones. Nowadays there are hundreds of apps on my smartphone. I can send an email in seconds with my phone. It seems that we are more connected in this world than ever before. But it brings another problem. As much as we are connected to each other by phone, we rarely (很少) really connect with each other. Few people write letters to each other these days. Few take the time to talk face to face. Instead of talking on the phone, we send messages. Instead of looking into our loved ones’ eyes, we stare at our phones. Don’t let that happen. Don’t let technology take your time and your life away from you. Take a walk on the beach with your friend. Sit and watch a movie with your loved one. When technology can help you do these things, then use it; but when it can’t, turn it off. 1．The writer was surprised when _________. A．she saw her mother using the phone B．her mother hung up the dial telephone C．she dialed the numbers like her mother D．she heard someone speaking in the phone 2．What is the right order for the development of the phone? a. push button phone       b. smartphone       c. dial telephone       d. mobile phone      e. cellphone A．acdbe B．cadeb C．cdaeb D．adcbe 3．What do people often do nowadays according to the passage? A．People often write letters to each other. B．People often meet and talk face to face. C．People often look at and use their phones. D．People often stare into loved ones’ eyes. 4．What does the writer want to tell us in the passage? A．It’s time to turn off our telephone. B．It’s easy to communicate online today. C．Telephone changes our life in many ways. D．We should connect with our heart, not technology. 1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 易错点10 阅读理解细节理解题 (五大易错点+四大类型突破+易错通关练) 目录 易错点分析 1 信息遗漏 2 信息混淆 3 理解偏差 4 过度推断 5 忽视干扰 易错点突破 1 事实细节题 2 数字计算题 3 是非判断题 4 顺序排列题 易错点一：信息遗漏 【问题分析】 学生在阅读时，可能会忽略一些关键信息，导致对题目所涉及的内容理解不全面，从而选错答案。 【典例分析】 文章中提到 “Tom went to the park with his sister and played basketball there for two hours in the afternoon.”，而题目问 “Who did Tom go to the park with?”，有些学生可能只看到 “Tom went to the park”，就选了 “Tom”，而忽略了 “with his sister” 这一关键信息。 【突破策略】 培养仔细阅读的习惯，在阅读文章时，用笔标记出与题目相关的关键信息，如人物、时间、地点、事件等，确保获取完整的信息。同时，在选择答案前，再次核对题目要求和文中信息，避免遗漏。 易错点二：信息混淆 【问题分析】 文章中可能会出现多个相似的信息或概念，学生容易将它们混淆，导致错误地匹配信息，选错答案。 【典例分析】 文章介绍了两种动物，一种是 “Giraffes are tall and have long necks. They mainly eat leaves.”，另一种是 “Elephants are big and strong. They eat grass and some fruits.”，题目问 “What do giraffes eat?”，有些学生可能会因为混淆两种动物的饮食习惯，选成 “grass and some fruits”。 【突破策略】 对于文中出现的相似信息，要进行对比和区分，明确各自的特点和差异。可以通过制作简单的表格或笔记来梳理信息，帮助记忆和理解。在答题时，仔细辨别题目所问的对象，准确选择对应的信息。 易错点三：理解偏差 【问题分析】 学生对文章中的某些词汇、句子或概念理解不准确，导致对整个细节的把握出现偏差，进而做出错误的选择。 【典例分析】 文章中说 “She almost missed the bus.”，题目问 “Did she miss the bus?”，有些学生可能将 “almost” 理解为 “已经”，从而回答 “Yes”，而实际上 “almost” 表示 “几乎”，她并没有错过公交车。 【突破策略】 加强词汇和语法的学习，提高对英语语言的理解能力。遇到不熟悉的词汇或句子结构，要根据上下文进行推测和理解，也可以通过查阅词典等方式准确掌握其含义。同时，要注意英语中的一些习惯表达和特殊用法，避免因误解而犯错。 易错点四：过度推断 【问题分析】 学生在答题时，可能会根据自己的主观想法或经验进行过度推断，而不是依据文章中的具体信息来回答问题，导致答案超出了文章所表达的内容。 【典例分析】 文章提到 “John was late for school this morning because he got up late.”，题目问 “Why was John late for school?”，答案应该是 “Because he got up late.”，但有些学生可能会推断出 “He didn't sleep well last night.” 等文章中未提及的原因。 【突破策略】 明确细节理解题的答案应该基于文章中的明确表述，不要随意添加自己的主观臆断。在答题时，要紧扣文章内容，只选择文章中直接提到或可以直接从文中推断出的信息作为答案。如果选项中的内容在文章中没有依据，即使看似合理，也不能选择。 易错点五：忽视干扰项 【问题分析】 阅读理解的选项中通常会设置一些干扰项，这些干扰项可能与文章内容有一定的关联，但并不符合题目要求。学生如果不仔细辨别，容易被干扰项迷惑，从而选错答案。 【典例分析】 文章讲述了一个关于环保的活动，提到了活动的时间、地点、参与者和活动内容等。题目问 “What was the main purpose of the activity?”，正确答案是 “To raise people's awareness of environmental protection.”，而干扰项可能是 “The activity was held in the park.”（这是关于活动地点的信息）或 “Many students took part in the activity.”（这是关于参与者的信息）等。有些学生可能会因为看到这些选项与文章内容有关，就误选了干扰项。 【突破策略】 在阅读选项时，要仔细分析每个选项的内容，判断其与题目要求的相关性。对于干扰项，要明确其错误之处，如与题目所问的内容不符、范围过大或过小、偷换概念等。可以通过排除法，将明显不符合要求的干扰项逐一排除，提高答题的准确性。同时，要注意选项中的一些关键词，如 “only”“all”“never” 等，这些词可能会使选项的意思发生变化，需要特别谨慎判断。 事实细节题 【题型分析】 这是最常见的细节理解题类型，主要考查学生对文章中具体事实和细节的理解，如人物、事件、地点、原因、方式等。通常可以在文章中直接找到答案，只需准确定位相关信息即可。 【考查内容】 1.具体信息：涉及文章中关于人物、事件、地点、时间、原因、方式等方面的具体描述。例如，询问事件发生的时间、地点，人物的行为、特征，事情的起因、经过、结果等。如在一篇介绍历史事件的文章中，可能会问 “该事件发生在哪一年？”“事件的主要参与者有谁？” 2.关键细节：注重对文章中关键细节的考查，这些细节对于理解文章的核心内容或特定段落的主旨至关重要。比如，在描述某一科学实验的文章里，会考查实验的关键步骤、实验得出的重要数据等。 【命题方式】 1.特殊疑问句：以 what, who, when, where, why, how 等疑问词引导的问句，直接询问文章中的具体信息。例如：“What is the main idea of the second paragraph?”“Who discovered the new planet?” 2.填空题：要求学生根据文章内容填写空缺的信息，可能是一个单词、短语或句子。如：“The author believes that the key to success is .” 3.选择题：给出多个选项，让学生选择与文章内容相符的一项。选项内容可能是对原文细节的同义替换、改写，或者是部分信息正确部分错误，以此来干扰学生。例如：“According to the passage, which of the following statements is true about the new product?” 【典例示例】 文章提到 “Mary went to the supermarket to buy some fruits. She bought apples, bananas and oranges.” 题目问 “What did Mary buy in the supermarket?” 答案就是 “Apples, bananas and oranges.” 【易错分析】 信息遗漏或混淆，如忽略关键信息，或把不同人物、事件的细节弄混。例如，题目问 “Who went to the supermarket?” 学生可能因粗心选了文章中其他无关人物。 【突破策略】 仔细阅读题目，明确题目所问，然后在文中快速定位相关内容，将选项与原文信息逐一比对，确保答案准确无误。 1 Jed couldn’t keep the tears running down his face. His friend, Rob, wanted to help, but the more he talked about it, the worse Jed felt. “I know how terrible you must feel,” Rob said, “Everyone on the team thought the coach would choose you. He must be crazy to let Tom swim the breaststroke(蛙泳)!” When the coach told him about the date and place of the state swimming meeting for boys of 15 and under, Jed was sure he would be swimming the breaststroke. He even told his family that the team couldn’t win the event without him. When the coach chose Tom Timons, the new boy from Springfield, to swim the breaststroke, Jed could hardly believe it. Coach Robertson told Jed he could swim on the relay team, but that offered little consolation. “I may leave the team,” he told Rob. “I’d rather not swim at all than be on the relay team.” “I don’t know whether you should do that or not,” Rob said. “We need you on the relay team. Of course, if you say you won’t swim at all, the coach may change his mind and let you swim the breaststroke.” Jed left Rob and headed towards home. He knew it would be embarrassing to have to tell his family and his friends that someone else would take his place. He wondered if he should make up a story and tell his mom and dad that he asked the coach to put the new boy in. Jed didn’t know what to do. 1．We can know from the passage that __________. A．Rob failed to help Jed B．Jed didn’t want to swim the breaststroke at all. C．Tom would swim on the relay team D．the coach chose both Jed and Tom for the breaststroke 2．The underlined word “consolation” in paragraph2 means __________. A．Something that makes you feel sad B．Something that makes you feel better C．Another chance to swim the breaststroke D．Another chance to be on the relay team 3．The best title of this passage should be __________. A．Too Good to Swim B．Terrible to Be Out C．The Coach and Jed D．The Relay Team 4．If Jed really decided to make up a story, it should be __________. A．the coach didn’t like him B．he was not good enough to swim C．he wanted Tom to swim instead of him D．his friend Rob wanted to swim 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 【解析】本文属于记叙文，主要讲述杰德本以为自己会被教练选中去参加蛙泳比赛，他甚至还将这件事告诉了他的家人，但是教练却选了另一个人。虽然罗伯一直在开导他，但是杰德还是很难过，不知道该怎么办。 1．推理判断题。根据but the more he talked about it, the worse Jed felt“但是他说得越多，杰德感觉越糟糕”可知，罗伯未能帮助杰德。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据When the coach chose Tom Timons...to swim the breaststroke...Coach Robertson told Jed he could swim on the relay team可知，教练没有选择杰德参加蛙泳比赛，教练告诉他可以参加接力赛，这个会让杰德好受一点。故选B。 3．最佳标题题。根据He knew it would be embarrassing to have to tell his family and his friends that someone else would take his place... Jed didn’t know what to do可知，杰德本以为会被教练选中去参加蛙泳比赛，但是教练却选了别人，他很难过，而且已经和他的家人说了会参加蛙泳比赛。所以标题为“没被选中太糟糕了”。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据He wondered if he should make up a story and tell his mom and dad that he asked the coach to put the new boy in可知，他想知道是否他应该编造一个故事来告诉他的父母是他要求教练让新来的队员代替他的。故选C。 2 Have you ever had an experience where you meet someone new, learn their name and think to yourself, “Wow, they really look just like their name!” What does this mean, exactly? Scientists are suggesting that humans tend to associate people’s names with their appearance, and can even guess someone’s name based on how they look. Researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel collected thousands of photos of people faces. They labeled each photo with four names. Then, they asked volunteers to guess which of the four names was correct. The volunteers were able to guess the right name 38 percent of the time. It seems that humans are able to recognize certain characteristics of faces that can give them clues about someone’s name, Reader’s Digest reported. However, this only works when we’re looking at names within our own culture. In addition, the volunteers were not as good at guessing the real names of people who use nicknames more often than their real names. This shows that a person’s appearance is affected by their name only if they use it often. “This kind of face-name matching happens “because of a process of self-fulfilling prophecy, as we become what other people expect us to become,” Ruth Mayo from the university told science news website EurekAlert. Previous studies have shown that gender and race stereotypes can affect a person’s appearance. The researchers believe there are also similar stereotypes about names. For example, people tend to think that men named Bob should have rounder faces because the word itself looks round. People may think that women named rose are beautiful. They expect them to be delicate and feminine, just like the flower they are named for. 1．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．People can guess others’ names base on their appearance. B．A person’s appearance can be affected by three factors. C．There are several ways to guess a stranger’s name. D．It’s not polite to ask strangers about their names. 2．Dr. Ruth Mayo thinks some people look like their names because of _______. A．racial stereotypes B．their unique culture C．a self-fulfilling prophecy D．their living environment 3．According to the passage, men named Bob are expected to _______. A．wear glasses B．have big eyes C．look beautiful D．have round faces 4．What do we know from this research? A．Nicknames have a bigger influence on people’s appearance. B．Gender and race have no influence on a person’s appearance. C．The volunteers guessed nearly four names correctly out of ten. D．People are good at recognizing the different characteristics of faces. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 【解析】科学家们认为，人类可以把人的名字和他们的外表联系起来，甚至可以根据长相猜出某人的名字。研究人员通过实验得出志愿者的猜出38%正确的名字，只有当一个人经常使用名字时，他的外表才会受到他们名字的影响。 1．主旨大意题。本篇讲述研究人员通过实验得出人类可以把人的名字和他们的外表联系起来，甚至可以根据长相猜出某人的名字；只有当一个人经常使用名字时，他的外表才会受到他们名字的影响；故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“This kind of face- -name matching happens because of a process of self-fulfilling prophecy , as we become what other people expect us to become,"”可知这种脸和名匹配的发生是因为一个自我实现的预言过程，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段“people tend to think that men named Bob should have rounder faces because the word itself looks round,”可知人们倾向于认为叫鲍勃的男人应该有更圆的脸；故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“The volunteers were able to guess the right name 34 percent of the time.” 可知志愿者能猜出34%正确的名字；十个中将近猜对四个，概率将近是40%；故选C。 数字计算题 【题型分析】 此类题型要求学生根据文章中给出的数字信息进行计算，如时间、年龄、价格、数量等的计算。通常需要学生对数字信息进行分析、推理和计算。 【考查内容】 1.时间计算：涉及事件发生的时间、时间段的计算等。例如，文章中给出不同事件发生的具体年份或时间点，要求学生计算某两个事件之间相隔的时间，或者根据给定的时间线索推算出另一个相关事件的发生时间。 2.年龄计算：根据文中人物的出生时间、相关事件发生时的年龄等信息，计算出特定时间点人物的年龄，或者通过人物年龄的关系计算出其他人物的年龄。 3.数量计算：包括对物品数量、人数、次数等的计算。比如，文章提到商店中不同商品的销售数量，要求学生计算某种商品的总销量，或者根据比例关系计算出某一部分的数量。 4价格计算：涉及商品价格、费用等方面的计算。如根据商品的单价、折扣信息以及购买的数量，计算出购买商品的总价，或者根据总费用和人数计算出人均费用等。 【命题方式】 1.直接提问：题目直接明确地要求学生根据文章中的数字信息进行计算，例如：“How many students are there in the school if there are 20 classes and each class has 35 students?” 2.在具体情境中提问：将数字计算融入到具体的情境描述中，要求学生先理解情境，再进行相关计算。如：“A train leaves the station at 9:00 am and arrives at its destination at 1:30 pm. How long does the journey take?” 3.选项设置为计算结果：给出多个选项，每个选项都是一个计算结果，让学生选择正确的答案。选项中的计算结果可能会因为不同的计算方法或错误理解而产生差异，以此来考查学生的计算准确性和对数字信息的理解能力。 【典例示例】 文章中说 “Tom was born in 2005. His sister is 3 years younger than him.” 题目问 “In which year was Tom's sister born?” 需要计算得出 2005 + 3 = 2008，即他妹妹出生于 2008 年。 【易错分析】 计算错误或对数字信息的理解错误。比如，忽略文中关于数字的修饰词，如 “about”“more than”“less than” 等，导致计算结果不准确。 【突破策略】 遇到数字信息时，要仔细记录并分析其与题目相关的信息，注意数字之间的关系和修饰词，认真计算，避免粗心大意。 1 Welcome to wlt.shanxi.gov.cn. Here are tours of popular wonders. You can not only enjoy your life, but also learn something interesting. Yingxian Wooden Pagoda ·Age: All ages ·Opening Time: 8:00 a. m.—6:00 p. m. ·Ticket: ¥50 With a history of nearly 1,000 years, the pagoda is the world’s tallest and oldest wooden pagoda. You can enjoy the excellent views of the nearby countryside from the windows on all sides. However, tourists are only allowed to visit the first floor because of protection. The Hanging Temple ·Age: All ages ·Opening Time: 8:30 a. m.—4:30 p. m. ·Ticket: ¥115 This is an amazing temple with the history of more than 1,500 years old built from the cliff (悬崖). It mixes elements (元素) of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism. The Hanging Temple shows ancient people’s wisdom and is a great place for visitors. You can enjoy nature and experience culture here. Xiaoxitian Temple ·Age: All ages ·Opening Time: 8:00 a. m.—5:00 p. m. ·Ticket: ¥35 (¥18 for students between 6 and 18 years old; Free for the old over 60 and children under 6 years old.) Thousands of colourful and lifelike sculptures are shown in the main hall— Da Xiong Bao Dian. If you visit Xiaoxitian, you will understand why it is called “China’s Hanging Sculpture Art Museum”. The Yungang Grottoes ·Age: All ages ·Opening Time: 8:30 a. m.—4:30 p. m. ·Ticket: ¥120 The Yungang Grottoes is a group of caves in China with old and beautiful statues which are made of stone and show different figures (人物). You can learn more about the past after visiting it. It is a wonderful spot for seeing amazing things made long ago. 1．Jenny, a student in Grade 9, wants to visit Xiaoxitian Temple with her classmate Sally. How much should they pay? A．¥10. B．¥15. C．¥36. D．¥70. 2．How long is the Yungang Grottoes open? A．For 7 hours. B．For 8 hours. C．For 9.5 hours. D．For 10 hours. 3．According to the text, what can you do if you travel in Yingxian Wooden Pagoda? A．Find out many stone statues. B．Enjoy nature and experience culture. C．Take photos of hanging sculptures. D．See the beautiful views from the windows. 4．Where may the text come from? A．A storybook. B．A newspaper. C．A magazine. D．A website. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个山西的热门景点：应县木塔、悬空寺、小西天寺和云冈石窟，包括它们的开放时间、门票价格等信息。 1．细节理解题。根据Xiaoxitian Temple部分中“Ticket: ¥35 (¥18 for students between 6 and 18 years old; Free for the old over 60 and children under 6 years old.)”可知，九年级的学生Jenny和她的同学Sally应是学生票价，即18元每个人，因此两个人是36元。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据The Yungang Grottoes部分中“Opening Time: 8:30 a. m.—4:30 p. m.”可知，云冈石窟开放8小时，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据Yingxian Wooden Pagoda部分中“You can enjoy the excellent views of the nearby countryside from the windows on all sides.”可知，如果你在应县木塔旅行，你可以从窗户欣赏附近乡村的美景。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Welcome to wlt.shanxi.gov.cn.”可知，文章开头就点明这篇文章来自于一个网址。故选D。 2 Life has gone mostly for many people around the world. With more people going online during the COVID-19 pandemic (疫情), global (全球的) internet traffic has become a big problem. Between January and late March, a quarter of major cities around the world experienced an increase in internet traffic. Video meetings, online classrooms, online shopping and other stay-at-home activities have become a lifeline to the outside world. This increase in traffic is testing the internet’s strength. In March, major phone networks in the UK experienced mass out outages(断供). People were not able to take calls, receive texts or use mobile data. In the US, major telecommunication (电信) companies like AT&T said traffic was up 21% month over month. Video streaming services like YouTube, Netflix and Facebook have cut their picture qualities (质量) and download speeds. This is being done to reduce network traffic jams. China has seen an internet traffic increase of around 50% compared to the end of 2019. The country’s network speeds went down in early February. However, they returned to normal soon afterwards and have been working well. That’s because China is developing 5G networks. By the end of February, 164,000 5G base stations had been built across China. This has given Chinese networks the power to withstand (经受住) increased traffic, China Daily said. “If there were no such development in the internet network field, people could hardly enjoy such a colorful life at home. Online working and teaching could never be realized so smoothly (顺畅地),” Wen Ku, an official with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, told Xinhua News. 1．What problem is mentioned in the passage? A．5G networks can’t work well. B．There are serious traffic jams on the road. C．Many people hardly go out during the pandemic. D．There is more internet traffic because of the pandemic. 2．What percent of major cities experienced an increase in internet traffic? A．21%. B．25%. C．50%. D．75%. 3．How were internet networks affected (影响) by the pandemic? A．The US had the heaviest network traffic in March. B．Many people couldn’t use phone networks in the UK in March. C．YouTube and Netflix users couldn’t watch videos. D．China’s network speeds went down in March. 4．What is Wen Ku’s attitude (态度) to China’s 5G networks? A．Positive. B．Unclear. C．Negative. D．Worried. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．A 【解析】本文主要介绍了新冠疫情的大环境对全球互联网的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“With more people going online during the COVID-19 pandemic, global internet traffic has become a big problem. Between January and late March, a quarter of major cities around the world experienced an increase in internet traffic.”可知由于疫情，全球互联网流量开始增加。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“Between January and late March, a quarter of major cities around the world experienced an increase in internet traffic.”可知从1月到3月下旬世界上四分之一的主要城市经历了互联网流量的增长，“四分之一”即25%。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“In March, major phone networks in the UK experienced mass out outages. People were not able to take calls, receive texts or use mobile data.”可知3月份，英国很多人无法使用电话网络。故选B。 4．观点态度题。根据“If there were no such development in the internet network field, people could hardly enjoy such a colorful life at home.”可知闻库认为互联网的发展给人们提供了便利，由此推出他对中国的5G网络应是持积极态度的。故选A。 是非判断题 【题型分析】 要求学生根据文章内容判断所给选项或句子的正误，通常会出现 “True”“False”“Not mentioned” 等选项。需要学生对文章中的多个细节进行综合判断。 【考查内容】 1.事实判断：要求学生判断文章中所描述的具体事实是否正确，包括人物的行为、事件的发生情况、事物的特征等。例如，判断文中提到的某个人是否做了某件事，某个事件是否在特定时间或地点发生，某一物品是否具有特定的属性等。 2.细节比对：考查学生对文章中多个细节的综合比对能力，需要将选项中的内容与原文相应细节进行逐一对比，判断其是否与原文一致。这可能涉及到对多个句子甚至整个段落的理解，要求学生能够准确把握细节之间的关系和差异。 3.逻辑关系判断：有时会涉及对文章中逻辑关系的判断，如因果关系、转折关系、并列关系等是否与选项表述一致。例如，判断选项中所描述的因果关系是否与原文中事件的因果逻辑相符，是否存在因果倒置或错误归因的情况。 【命题方式】 1.三正一误或三误一正：通常给出四个选项，其中三个选项的内容与文章相符，一个选项与文章内容不符，要求学生找出错误的选项；或者三个选项与文章内容不符，一个选项与文章内容相符，让学生找出正确的选项。例如：“Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?” 或 “Which of the following is true about the author's experience?” 2.全正或全误判断：要求学生判断所有选项是否都与文章内容相符或都不相符。这种命题方式需要学生对每个选项进行仔细分析和判断，全面把握文章细节。例如：“Are all the following statements true based on the information in the passage?” 或 “Are all the statements below false according to the text?” 3.根据特定段落或细节判断：指定文章中的某个段落或特定细节，让学生根据这些限定信息判断选项的正误。这种方式考查学生对局部内容的精准理解能力。例如：“According to the third paragraph, which of the following statements is correct?” 【典例示例】 文章讲述了一场足球比赛的情况，提到 “The home team won the game.” 题目问 “Is the following statement true or false? The away team won the game.” 答案是 “False”。 【易错分析】 容易忽略文章中的细节信息，对一些关键内容理解不准确，或者没有全面考虑文章中的相关信息就做出判断。 【突破策略】 仔细阅读文章，将每个选项与文中相关内容进行仔细比对，注意选项中的关键词和限定词，确保对文章内容有准确的理解，然后再做出判断。对于 “Not mentioned” 选项，要特别谨慎，确保在文章中确实没有相关信息。 1 I was careful to behave as well as possible, hoping the King would give me freedom early. Lilliputians soon began to lose their fear of me. They called me Man-Mountain. Sometimes I lay down and let them dance on my hand, and from time to time children came to play games in my hair. By now I was able to speak their language well. One day the King invited me to watch their regular entertainments. I was most interested in the rope-dancing. A very thin rope was fixed (固定) about thirty centimetres above the ground. People who wanted to become the King’s officials jumped and danced on this rope, and who ever jumped highest without a miss got the best job. There was another interesting entertainment. The King held a stick in front of him, and moved it up and down from time to time. One by one, people came up to him and jumped over the stick or crawled (爬) under it. They went on jumping and crawling as the King moved the stick. The winner, who jumped and crawled for the longest time, received a blue ribbon (绶带) to wear round his waist. The second received a red ribbon, and the third got a green one. I had certainly never seen such entertainments in any of the countries I had visited before. Some days later the King agreed that I didn’t need to be a prisoner any longer. However, I had to promise certain things before I was set free: ·to be careful not to step on any Lilliputians or their animals ·to help the Lilliputians in war till they win peace (和平) ·to stay in Lilliput until the King allowed me to leave I agreed to everything at once. I was free at last! Several weeks after my visit to the country, I was visited by one of the King’s most important officials. His name was Reldresal, and he had helped me many times since I had arrived in Lilliput. “Well, my friend,” he said, “Lilliput has enemies (敌人) both at home and abroad. At home we have two political groups, the High-Heels and the Low-Heels. The two groups hate each other. As the present King and his officials are all Low-Heels, they refuse to speak to High-Heels. That’s the problem inside Lilliput. Besides, we’re getting information that the people of Blefusce are going to attack us. Have you heard of Blefusce? It’s an island very near us, almost as large and important as Lilliput. They’ve been at war with us for three years.” —Extracted from Gulliver’s Travels 1．Why did Gulliver try to behave as well as he could in Lilliput? A．Because he wanted to be set free earlier. B．Because the King ordered him to do so. C．Because he was in fear of the Lilliputians. D．Because he was called Man-Mountain. 2．Which of the statements about the two entertainments is true? A．Both entertainments chose the winners according to how much time was spent. B．The stick was fixed in the King’s hand about thirty centimetres above the ground. C．The winners of the stick entertainment would be given ribbons of the same color. D．The official who got the most important job jumped highest on the rope without falling. 3．How did Gulliver probably feel when he watched the two entertainments? A．Afraid. B．Surprised. C．Bored. D．Worried. 4．What could be inferred (推断) as the story went on? A．Gulliver would leave Lilliput. B．Gulliver would be tied to the ground by tiny persons. C．Gulliver would turn to the Low-Heel group for help. D．Gulliver would help the Lilliputians live a peaceful life. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 【解析】本文是《格列佛游记》的片段，格列佛通过良好的表现，在小人国获得了自由。 1．细节理解题。根据“I was careful to behave as well as possible, hoping the King would give me freedom early.”可知，格列佛在小人国表现好，是想尽早获得自由。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“People who wanted to become the King’s officials jumped and danced on this rope, and who ever jumped highest without a miss got the best job.”可知，得到最重要工作的官员是在绳子上跳得最高且没有摔倒的人。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“I had certainly never seen such entertainments in any of the countries I had visited before.”可知，格列佛从未看过这些娱乐项目，所以他会感到惊奇。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据“to help the Lilliputians in war till they win peace”可知，格列佛在获得自由时，答应过国王在战争中帮助利立浦特人赢得和平，所以D项“格列佛会帮助利立浦特人过上和平的生活。”符合题意。故选D。 2 Many people play sports, but very few people become sports players. If sports aren’t going to be your future, why should you play them? Why should you train every day? Why should you work hard and feel sore the next day? Wouldn’t it be better to stop it and only try your best in lessons? In fact, there are a lot of reasons to play sports. First of all, sports are a great way to exercise. Exercising keeps you healthy and strong. It also helps you stay in good shape. When you exercise, your body makes endorphins (安多芬) which make you feel happier. Also, sports teach young people how to communicate and work as a team. They teach young people to respect (尊重) their coaches, teammates and players from the other team. Many reports say that sports help young people stay out of trouble. If a young person plays sports, he or she may have fewer problems. This is because sports teach people about rules. They also teach people that if they work hard, they might realize their dreams. Another good way of sports is that they make people leave their houses. These days, a lot of people spend too much time watching TV and playing video games. When you play sports, you go outside and exercise in the sun. You take in fresh air. All of these things are important. Maybe you’re not going to become a sports player, but that doesn’t matter, sports will help you become a better and happier person. 1．The writer begins the passage by ________. A．telling stories B．listing numbers C．giving examples D．asking questions 2．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Reports. B．Rules. C．Problems. D．Sports. 3．We should leave the houses and go out to play sports because ________. ① we need to go out and get fresh air ② we should go outside and exercise in the sun ③ we need to keep our bodies strong and healthy ④ we should spend less time playing video games A．①, ②, ③ B．②, ③, ④ C．①, ②, ④ D．①, ③, ④ 4．According to the text, which of the following is TRUE about sports? A．When doing sports, we should respect everyone in the game. B．If young people do more sports, they will have more problems. C．When endorphins are made in our body, we will get angry easily. D．More exercise inside the buildings can bring people happiness and health. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要阐述了即使不以成为职业运动员为目标，参与体育运动仍然对身心健康、团队合作能力及社会行为规范等方面有重要意义。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第1段“If sports aren’t going to be your future, why should you play them? Why should you train every day? Why should you work hard and feel sore the next day? Wouldn’t it be better to stop it and only try your best in lessons?”可知，作者通过问问题的方式引出文章主题。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章第2段 “This is because sports teach people about rules. They also teach people that if they work hard, they might realize their dreams.” 可知，这里的“They”指代前文的“sports”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第3段 “When you play sports, you go outside and exercise in the sun. You take in fresh air.” “These days, a lot of people spend too much time watching TV and playing video games.”可知，我们出去运动可以呼吸新鲜空气、在阳光下锻炼，运动能让身体保持强壮健康，且应少花时间玩电子游戏。“保持健康”虽合理但未在段落中直接提及。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“They teach young people to respect (尊重) their coaches, teammates and players from the other team.”可知，当进行运动时，我们应该尊重比赛中的每一个人。故选A。 顺序排列题 【题型分析】 此类题型要求学生根据文章内容对一系列事件、动作或步骤等进行正确的顺序排列。需要学生把握文章中的时间顺序、逻辑顺序或事情发展的先后顺序。 【考查内容】 1.事件顺序：要求学生根据文章内容，判断一系列事件发生的先后顺序。这些事件可能是按照时间顺序依次发生的，也可能是按照某种逻辑关系逐步展开的。例如，一篇讲述历史事件的文章，可能会要求学生排列几个历史事件的发生顺序；或者一篇描述人物经历的文章，让学生梳理出人物不同阶段的经历顺序。 2.过程步骤：针对描述事物发展过程、制作流程或解决问题步骤等内容的文章，考查学生对各个环节先后顺序的理解。比如，文章介绍了某种手工制品的制作过程，学生需要根据 文中描述，将制作步骤按正确顺序排列；或者文章讲述了一个科学实验的操作流程，学生要判断选项中实验步骤的排序是否正确。 【命题方式】 1.直接排序：给出几个事件或步骤，要求学生直接按照它们在文章中出现的顺序进行排列。例如：“Arrange the following events in the order they happened in the passage. ①... ②... ③... ④...” 2.选择正确顺序：提供几个选项，每个选项都是一种事件或步骤的排列顺序，让学生从中选出与文章内容相符的正确选项。例如：“Which of the following is the correct order of the steps to make a kite according to the passage?” 3.补充排序：给出部分事件或步骤的顺序，要求学生根据文章内容补充完整整个顺序。例如：“The first three steps of building a tree house are given as follows. Please find the correct order of the remaining steps according to the passage. ①... ②... ③... Then, ___, ___, ___.” 【典例示例】 文章描述了制作蛋糕的过程，“First, mix the flour, sugar and eggs. Then, pour the mixture into a baking pan. After that, put the pan in the oven and bake for 30 minutes. Finally, take the cake out of the oven and let it cool.” 题目问 “Which is the correct order of making a cake?” 然后给出几个选项让学生选择正确的顺序。 【易错分析】 没有准确把握文章中的顺序标志词，如 “first”“second”“then”“next”“finally” 等，或者对事件的先后顺序理解错误，导致排列错误。 【突破策略】 阅读文章时，注意捕捉表示顺序的关键词，并在文中标记出来。按照文章中给出的顺序对选项进行逐一分析和排列，确保答案符合文章的逻辑顺序。 1 Gwendolyn Brooks was the first African American to win a Pulitzer Prize for Literature. Gwendolyn Brooks wrote hundreds of poems during her lifetime. She was known around the world for using poetry to increase understanding about black culture in America. Her poems described conditions among the poor, racial inequality and drug use in the black community. She also wrote poems about the struggles of black women. But her skill was more than her ability to write about struggling black people. She was an expert at the language of poetry. She combined traditional European poetry styles with the African American experience. In her early poetry, Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about the South Side of Chicago. The South Side of Chicago is where many black people live. In her poems, the South Side is called Bronzeville. It was “A Street in Bronzeville” that gained the attention of literary experts in 1945. Critics praised her poetic skill and her powerful descriptions of the black experience during the time. The Bronzeville poems were her first published collection. In 1950, Gwendolyn Brooks became the first African American to win the Pulitzer Prize for Literature. She won the prize for her second book of poems called “Annie Allen”. “Annie Allen” is a collection of poetry about the life of Bronzeville girl as a daughter, a wife and a mother. She experiences loneliness, loss, death and being poor. Ms. Brooks said that winning the prize changed her life. Her next work was a novel written in 1953 called “Maud Martha”. “Maud Martha” received little notice when it was first published. But now it is considered an important work by some critics. Its main ideas about the difficult life of many women are popular among female writers today. In some of her poems, Gwendolyn Brooks described how what people see in life is affected by who they are. One example is this poem, “Corners on the Curing Sky”. By the end of the 1960s, Gwendolyn Brooks’ poetry expanded from the everyday experiences of people in Bronzeville. She wrote about a writer and dealt with important political issues. 1．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The life of Gwendolyn Brooks. B．The poems of Gwendolyn Brooks. C．The understanding about black culture. D．The struggles of black women. 2．The author develops the passage mainly by ________ . A．providing examples B．using statistics C．comparing opinions D．describing her experiences. 3．Which is the correct order according to Gwendolyn Brooks’ lifetime? a. Gwendolyn Brooks poetry expanded from everyday experiences of people in Bronzeville. b. Gwendolyn Brooks described the South Side as Bronzeville. c. Gwendolyn Brooks’ novel’s main idea is about the difficult life of many women. d. Gwendolyn Brooks won the Pulizer Prize for her second book. e. The Bronzeville poems gained the Critics’ praises. A．a-b-e-d-c B．b-c-a-e-d C．e-b-c-d-a D．b-e-d-c-a 4．In the next part, the author would most probably talk about ________ . A．the difficulties Gwendolyn Brooks would meet B．the poems related to political issues C．the awards Gwendolyn Brooks gained D．the racial inequality the black had to face 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Gwendolyn Brooks以及她的诗歌。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“Gwendolyn Brooks was the first African American to win a Pulitzer Prize for Literature. Gwendolyn Brooks wrote hundreds of poems during her lifetime”可知，本文主要是介绍Gwendolyn Brooks的诗歌，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“In her early poetry, Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about the South Side of Chicago. The South Side of Chicago is where many black people live. In her poems, the South Side is called Bronzeville. ”结合全文可知，本文主要是通过举例说明来介绍Gwendolyn Brooks以及她的作品，故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“In her early poetry, Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about the South Side of Chicago”“在她的早期诗歌中，格温多琳·布鲁克斯描写了芝加哥的南部”，即b，第三段中的“ It was “A Street in Bronzeville” that gained……of the black experience during the time”“布朗泽维尔的诗得到了评论家的赞扬”，即e，第四段中的“She won the prize for her second book of poems called “Annie Allen”“她因第二本诗集《安妮·艾伦》而获奖”，即d，倒数第三段中的“Its main ideas about the difficult life of many women are popular among female writers today”“格温多林·布鲁克斯的小说的主要思想是关于许多妇女的艰难生活”，即c，最后一段中的“Gwendolyn Brooks’ poetry expanded from the everyday experiences of people in Bronzeville”“格温多林·布鲁克斯的诗歌是从布朗泽维尔人们的日常经历中发展起来的”，即a，所以顺序应该是b-e-d-c-a，故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“She wrote about a writer and dealt with important political issues”可知，Gwendolyn Brooks的诗歌中涉及政治问题，推知接下来最有可能讲的是与政治问题有关的诗歌，故选B。 2 When I was young, I watched my mother using our dial (拨号) telephone one day. She was talking to someone who wasn’t actually in the room. After she hung up the phone and left the room, I walked over to the phone. I dialed some numbers like my mother and then I received a voice saying, “You have dialed a wrong number. Please …” I was surprised and quickly hung up. That, of course, was a long time ago. It was my earliest memory about the telephone. A few years later, we changed the old dial telephone to a push button (按键) phone. Next came mobile phones that you could carry around the house with you. After that came cellphones, and smartphones. Nowadays there are hundreds of apps on my smartphone. I can send an email in seconds with my phone. It seems that we are more connected in this world than ever before. But it brings another problem. As much as we are connected to each other by phone, we rarely (很少) really connect with each other. Few people write letters to each other these days. Few take the time to talk face to face. Instead of talking on the phone, we send messages. Instead of looking into our loved ones’ eyes, we stare at our phones. Don’t let that happen. Don’t let technology take your time and your life away from you. Take a walk on the beach with your friend. Sit and watch a movie with your loved one. When technology can help you do these things, then use it; but when it can’t, turn it off. 1．The writer was surprised when _________. A．she saw her mother using the phone B．her mother hung up the dial telephone C．she dialed the numbers like her mother D．she heard someone speaking in the phone 2．What is the right order for the development of the phone? a. push button phone       b. smartphone       c. dial telephone       d. mobile phone      e. cellphone A．acdbe B．cadeb C．cdaeb D．adcbe 3．What do people often do nowadays according to the passage? A．People often write letters to each other. B．People often meet and talk face to face. C．People often look at and use their phones. D．People often stare into loved ones’ eyes. 4．What does the writer want to tell us in the passage? A．It’s time to turn off our telephone. B．It’s easy to communicate online today. C．Telephone changes our life in many ways. D．We should connect with our heart, not technology. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【解析】作者根据自身经历，从老式拨号电话入手，深入阐述了演变至今的智能手机带来的一些问题，并希望我们不要让科技智能使人与人之间的现实交流变得更加淡漠。 1．细节理解题。根据“ I dialed some numbers like my mother and then I received a voice saying, ‘You have dialed a wrong number. Please …’ I was surprised and quickly hung up.”可知作者听到电话里的声音时是非常惊讶的。故选D。 2．排序题。根据“A few years later, we changed the old dial telephone to a push button phone. Next came mobile phones that you could carry around the house with you. After that came cellphones, and smartphones.”可知电话发展史中电话出现的正确顺序是拨号电话、按键式电话、可随身携带的手机、蜂窝式话机、智能手机。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Instead of talking on the phone, we send messages. Instead of looking into our loved ones’ eyes, we stare at our phones.”可知人们经常看和使用手机。故选C。 4．写作目的题。根据“Don’t let that happen. Don’t let technology take your time and your life away from you.”及全文内容可知作者写这篇文章是为了告诉我们应该用心交流，而不是技术。故选D。 1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$