专题67 主谓一致之意义一致（精讲课件）-备战2025年中考英语语法复习全攻略（全国通用）

主谓一致之意义一致 初中英语语法课件 ENGLISH LESSON 英 英 语 语 堂 堂 课 课 1 主谓一致指的是句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致。句子的主语是第三人称单数时，其谓语动词需用单数形式；主语是复数时，其谓语动词用复数形式。主谓一致要遵循三个基本原则，即语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。 语法一致 意义一致 就近原则 2 意义一致 谓语动词与其主语在意义上要保持一致，即主语形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，谓语动词要用复数形式；反之，主语形式上是复数，但意义上被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 3 (1)表示数量概念的词作主语时的用法； (2)不定式、动名词、从句作主语时的用法； (3)"the+形容词/分词“作主语时的用法 主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单复数意义，而不是语法上的单复数形式，这就是意义一致原则。有时主语形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，那么谓语动词也用复数形式，反之亦然。 出题点 1. 表示数量概念的词作主语 (1)表示时间、距离、价值、重量等的名词作主语。 Ten yuan is enough.10元足够了。 表示金钱，作为一个整体 One hundred kilometers is a long distance. 表示距离，作为一个整体 100千米是一段很长的距离。 Two hours is too short for the visit.两个小时的参观太短了。 表示时间，作为一个整体 5 (2)a number of +复数可数名词+复数谓语 the number of 单数谓语 "a number of+复数可数名词”表示“许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数;“the number of+复数可数名词”表示“……的数目”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 A number of cars are parked in front of my house. a number of+复数可数名词 复数谓语 许多小汽车停在我家门前。 The number of the students has increased recently. the number of+复数可数名词 单数谓语 学生的数目最近有所上升。 6  (3)数量词+ of+ 单数可数名词/不可数名词 单数谓语 复数可数名词 复数谓语 此结构中常用的数量词有most, rest, part, half, several, many, few, 分数、百分数等。谓语动词与of后的名词保持数的一致。  Most of the boys are fond of watching football games. 大多数男孩子喜欢看足球赛。 —What does the fresh juice contain? 这种新鲜的果汁含有什么？ —Four-fifths of the juice is orange. It's very pure. 4/5的果汁是橙汁。非常纯。 + 7  (4) more than one/ many a+单数可数名词+单数谓语 注意 "more than one/ many a+单数可数名词”作主语，尽管意义上表示“许多⋯⋯”，但其中心词为单数可数名词，谓语动词仍用单数。 More than one way has been tried to stop noise pollution. 已经试过很多制止嗓音污染的方法了。 Many a student wants to reduce homework. 许多学生要求减少家庭作业。 8 "one of+复数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 One of my close friends has been abroad for eight years. 我的一个好朋友已经在国外待了8年。 "more+复数可数名词+ than one”作主语，谓语动词用复数。 More members than one are against your plan. 不止一个成员反对你的计划。 TIPS 9 2. 不定式/动名词/从句作主语 不定式、动名词或从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但and连接的两个或多个不定式、动名词或从句作主语表示不同概念时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Reading often means learning.读书常意味着学习。 To say something is usually easier than to do something. 说往往要比做容易。 Swimming in summer and skating in winter are my greatest pleasure. and连接两个动名词短语表示不同概念 夏天游泳和冬天滑冰是我最大的乐趣。 连词代词或连接副词引导的从句作主语或单独引导疑问句时，应根据意义一致原则确定谓语动词的单复数形式。 10 3.“the+形容词/分词”作主语 "the+形容词/分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示一类事物或抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. 病人已被治愈，失踪的人们已经找到。 The new is sure to replace the old. 新生事物一定会代替旧事物。 表示一类人 表示一类人 表示一类事物 11 4. 集体名词作主语 +单数谓语（侧重整体） class/ family/ group等集体名词 +复数谓语（侧重整体中的个体）  My family is a happy one. 我家是一个幸福的家庭。 My family are watching TV.我们全家人正在看电视。 Our group wins. 我们队得了第一名。 Our group are going to visit the monkeys in the zoo. 我们组准备去参观动物园里的猴子。 侧重整体 侧重家庭成员 侧重整体 侧重组内成员 12 5. 复数形式、单数意义的名词作主语 复数形式、单数意义的名词，如electronics, news, maths, physics,politics, the United Nations等形式上看似复数，但意义上视为单数，作主语时谓语动词用单数。 The United States is an English-speaking country. 美国是一个说英语的国家。 -Physics is more difficult than math, do you think so? 物理比数学难，你这么认为吗？ -No,I don't think so. 不，我不这样认为。 以-s结尾的山脉、群岛、海峡、瀑布等专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 13 6 . 单复数同形的名词作主语 单复数同形的名词，如sheep, fish, deer, means, species, series等作主语，表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数，反之用复数。 Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution. 各种可防止空气污染的方法都用过了。 All possible means have been tried to save the girl. 为了救这个女孩，所有可能的方法都已经尝试过了。 表示单数 表示复数 14  7. 不定代词作主语 (1)谓语动词用单数的不定代词 不定代词either, neither, each, one, the other, another, someone,somebody, something, anyone, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, no one, nothing等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 Somebody is using the phone. 有人在打电话。 Someone has parked the car in the way. 有人把车停在路上了。 No one is actually able to complete the work in such a short time.事实上没有人能在这么短的时间内完成这项工作。 15 (2) neither/ either of...作主语 "neither/either of+复数可数名词或表示复数意义的代词”作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。 Neither of them have/ has locked the door. 他们两个谁也没有锁门。 Either of the children is/ are eager to go home. 两个孩子都想回家。 I don't think either of them have/ has married. 我想他们两个都没有结婚。 16 典型题型 1．Although the deaf _________ a lot of _________ communicating with others, they always try their best to make themselves understood. A．have, problem B．have, difficulty C．has, trouble D．has, questions 2．The class________the victory of the football match when I entered the classroom. A．celebrated B．were celebrating C．was celebrating D．has celebrating 3．Twenty-eight and twelve________. A．are fourty B．is forty C．are forty 4．—The elderly _______ so old that they can’t look after themselves sometimes. —Exactly, so we should _______ them with help. A．is, offer B．are, offer C．are, provide D．is, provide 5．The new couple ________for two weeks. A．have married B．has been married C．have been married D．got married B B B C C 17 6．A large crowd of people _________ waiting _________ the bus stop. A．are; for B．is; for C．are; at D．is; at 7．His family _________ big. A．am B．is C．are D．be 8．－How soon can you finish this job? －Two days ___________ enough for me to finish the work. I need a week. A．isn’t B．aren’t C．is D．will be 9．Tom’s family__________ big. His family ________ watching TV now. A．is, is B．are, are C．is, are D．are, is 10．I will buy this T﹣shirt． Twenty dollars________ not a high price． A．have B．has C．is D．are C B A C C 18 11．—What time _____your radio show? It's ___ 2:00 A．is ,in B．does ,at C．is ,at D．does ,on 12．—Is that ________ from New York?—Yeah. They play basketball really well. A．team B．player C．piano D．sport 13．The number of words that we know_______. A．is more and more B．is bigger and bigger C．are more and more D．are bigger and bigger 14．Three months ______ a long time for me. A．is B．are C．have D．Has 15．—How time flies！Over two years ____since we became junior high school students.—Time and tide wait for no man! A．has gone by B．have gone by C．are going by D．went away C A B A A 19 16．Ten kilometers ____ way. A．are quite long B．are quite a long C．is quite a long D．is a quite long 17．---Do you like reading books? ---Yes. Everyone to do more reading in and after class. A．are encouraged B．encourage C．is encouraged D．is encouraging 18．One of his sisters _______ an expensive camera to me from Beijing next Sunday. A．will bringing B．are going to bring C．brings D．is going to bring 19．Everyone at the party _____ the music played by little Mozart. A．amazed by B．was amazed with C．amazed to D．was amazed at 20．More than three quarters of the information _______ Internet _______ in English. A．on the , is B．on, are C．in, are D．in the , is C C D D A 20 THE END 双语幼儿园1班 21 奔跑吧蜗牛 杨烁 奔跑吧蜗牛, track 1, disc 0 Blues 200109.67 $$