河南省南阳市第一中学校2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题

南阳一中2024年秋期高三年级开学考试 英语试题 第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Lonely Planet’s Top Places to Go in 2024 Are you looking for inspiration for your next travel destination? Lonely Planet has published its yearly list of top places to go. Whether you’re looking for adventure, culture, or value, there’s something for every type of traveler. Let’s explore the. top picks for travel destinations in 2024. Top City: Nairobi Nairobi, the Kenyan capital, was chosen for its unique music and dance culture, and impressive local restaurants. Nairobi National Park, just a short drive out of the city’s central business district, is a must-see, where visitors can see over-400 species wandering the open grass plains while skyscrapers twinkle on the horizon. Top Country: Mongolia Mongolia is loved for its wide-open spaces, adventure activities, and unique food. The Mongolian government has announced 2023 through. 2025: as: the “Years to Visit Mongolia“, easing entry conditions for international travelers and improving public facilities, including a new $ 650 million airport. Top Sustainable Travel Destination: Spain The publisher also recommended Spain for the country’s efforts to expand renewable energy, to develop off-season travel, and to bring tourism to new destinations, such as the port city of Valencia, easing pressures on hot spots such as Barcelona. Top Best-Value Location: The American Midwest The American Midwest, including the cities of Chicago and Detroit, is also on the list, as it offers a high-quality travel experience at a reasonable cost. Visitors can enjoy excellent services and facilities. such as old warehouses transformed into art studios, new eco-design hotels, and Michelin-starred restaurants, without having to spend too much money. Top Beach Destination: Donegal Donegal Ireland’s most northwestern county, has the country’s longest coastline and over 100 beaches, where visitors can enjoy the highest sea cliffs in Europe and miles of beautiful coastal hiking trails. 1. What can people do in Nairobi National Park? A. Enjoy adventure activities. B. Taste local delicious cuisine. C. See various wild animals. D. Appreciate musical performances. 2. Why is The American Midwest considered to be the Best-Value Location? A. It has simplified entry procedures. B. It offers cost-effective experiences. C It combines art with natural scenery. D. It provides good transportation services. 3. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To entertain. B. To analyse. C. To inform. D. To report. B Orange chicken, sweet and sour pork, fried rice… Max Burns lists several typical Western-style of Chinese dishes that disappoint him. For a 21-year-old native British young man who spent his first thirteen years in China, those cuisines are far from authentic, but rather a category which is invented to cater to Western preferences. What also upsets Burns is that the view of Chinese food has been subsequently skewed (扭曲). Quite a few Westerners recognize that particular type of fa re as the whole of Chinese cuisine. “They almost have no clue about the extent of Chinese cuisine, about how it varies because people forget how big China is. It is a country that has deserts from one side, jungles and sea from the other side. Each area has its unique style of cooking.” he says. Burns tries to showcase the richness of delicious Chinese dishes by vlogging (拍摄并上传) about making Chinese dishes at home. “Food is probably the most accessible way for everyone to learn an alien culture.” he says. Sometimes his British friends would join to help. “And quite often, they were shocked by the diversity of Chinese cuisine. They’ve had a long time to figure out that Chinese food is just a lot more complex.” The food adventure has helped Burns grow into an influencer with more than three million of subscribers worldwide today. “So, I can definitely say that I’ve changed some people’s ideas about Chinese food.” Interestingly, when Burns first started vlogging in 2016 directly after moving back to Brighton, England from Beijing, copying Chinese food at home was a then “stupid idea”, as he puts it, because he was never super into cooking. At the time, the videos centered more on explaining aspects of Chinese culture, including movies, snacks, restaurants and more. Looking ahead, Burns has some plans in mind. “I would love to do a travel food show throughout China on TV. Also, I would love to have my. own restaurant in the future. That’s definitely going to happen.” 4. When did Max Burns return to Brighton, England according to the text? A. Aged 13. B. Aged 14. C. Aged 16. D. Aged 21. 5 How does Max Burns change people’s wrong attitude to the Chinese cuisines? A. Treat them to Chinese dishes. B. Write reports on Chinese cuisines. C. Cook Chinese dishes for them in person. D. Display authentic Chinese cuisines on. 6. What is paragraph 5 of the text mainly about? A. Burns’s ambitions. B. Burns’s achievements. C. Burns’s adventures. D. Burns’s subscribers. 7. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A. Influencer Develops a Taste for Chinese Cuisine. B. Influencer Has Done What He Can to Change. C. Chinese Cuisines Have to Cater to Westerners. D. Chinese Cuisines Have Been Around the World. C While it throws out about 90 pounds of food per person every year, Japan doesn’t rank at the top of the world’s list of wasteful nations. Still, what’s thrown away represents a serious problem for an island nation with limited landfill space and a goal of greater sustainability. Reinvention can offer an alternative. A Japanese company is taking vegetable peels, cooking oil and other used foodstuffs and making entirely different products. Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world, and its key element, cement, is a major polluter of greenhouse emissions. So what if a more sustainable alterative were possible by making cement with food waste, which also would help reduce greenhouse emissions from landfills where that waste would otherwise be thrown away? That’s the idea behind Fabula, a Tokyo-based start-up. Researchers at Fabula created a recipe to make food concrete by drying leftovers and pressing them into a mold (模具) at a high temperature. The company, founded by researchers at the University of Tokyo, began with items commonly thrown away like cabbage and orange peels but found that almost any food item can be used. It now takes mostly coffee grounds and tea leaves to make its cement. The product’s durability depends on the components. Fabula is currently producing made-to-order household items, such as coasters and dishes, while awaiting its patent. The goal is to make furniture and larger structures once the technology is able to make the cement more durable. Food production companies that can’t avoid generating waste during their processes have reached out to work with the company. “We hope to become a matching service between companies that have food waste and companies who want to build things out of such materials,” said Takuma Oishi, Fabula’s chief commercial officer. Since the cement is 100 percent eatable, it could create opportunities during disaster response when temporary structures need to be built quickly. The people inside might even turn to them for food. If the technology advances enough, Oishi suggested, someday we may be able “to eat the homes or furniture when necessary”. 8. Which problem Japan faces is mentioned in paragraph 1? A. Food waste. B. Garbage littering. C. Energy crisis. D. Environmental pollution. 9. What’s the initial thought of Fabula? A. Using food remains in recipes. B Finding a cheaper alternative to landfills. C. Making a novel building material from leftovers. D. Cutting greenhouse gases by recycling home devices. 10. What’s paragraph 3 mainly about? A. The diversity of food sources. B. The prospects of the company. C. The innovation of a traditional cuisine. D. The process of developing food concrete. 11. How is food concrete different from common construction materials? A. It can fill stomachs. B. It’s solid and lasting. C. It can prevent disasters. D. It’s delicate but cost-free. D Imagine this. You need an image of a balloon for a work presentation and turn to an AI text-to-image generator, like Midjoumey or DALL-E, to create a suitable image. You enter the prompt (提示词) “red balloon against a blue sky” but the generator returns an image of an egg instead. What’s going on? The generator you’re using may have been “poisoned”. What does this mean? Text-to-image generators work by being trained on large datasets that include millions or billions of images. Some of the generators have been trained by indiscriminately (任意地) scraping online images, many of which may be under copyright. This has led to many copyright infringement (侵害) cases where artists have accused big tech companies of stealing and profiting from their work. This is also where the idea of “poison” comes in. Researchers who want to empower individual artists have recently created a tool named “Nightshade” to fight back against unauthorised image scraping. The tool works by slightly changing an image’s pixels (像素) in a way that confuses the computer vision system but leaves the image unchanged to a human’s eyes. If an organization then scrapes one of these images to train a future AI model, its data pool becomes “poisoned”. This can result in mistaken learning, which makes the generator return unintended results. As in our earlier example, a balloon might become an egg. The higher the number of “poisoned” images in the training data, the greater the impact. Because of how generative AI works, the damage from “poisoned” images also affects related prompt keywords. For example, if a “poisoned” image of a Picasso work is used in training data, prompt results for masterpieces from other artists can also be affected. Possibly, tools like Nightshade can be abused by some users to intentionally upload “poisoned” images in order to confuse AI generators. But the Nightshade’s developer hopes the tool will make big tech companies more respectful of copyright. It does challenge a common belief among computer scientists that data found online can be used for any purpose they see fit. Human rights activists, for example, have been concerned for some time about the indiscriminate use of machine vision in wider society. This concern is particularly serious concerning facial recognition. There is a clear connection between facial recognition cases and data poisoning, as both relate to larger questions around technological governance. It may be better to see data poisoning as an innovative solution to the denial of some fundamental human rights. 12. What does the underlined word “scraping” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Facilitating. B. Polishing. C. Damaging. D. Collecting. 13. According to the text, what may adding poisoned data lead to? A. Affecting the training of generative AI. B. Discriminating against great masterpieces. C. Causing users to forget the prompt key words. D. Increasing the accuracy of returned information. 14. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. Computer scientists have learned to respect the copyright of most artists. B. Nightshade is being abused by human rights activists to recognize faces. C. Data poisoning is somehow justified to direct attention to human rights. D. The issue of technological governance has aroused the lawyers’ interest. 15. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Data Poisoning: Restricting Innovation or Empowering Artists B. Data Poisoning: Risks and Rewards of Generative AI Data Training C. Data Poisoning: Addressing Facial Recognition Issues Among Artists D. Data Poisoning: Government Empowering Citizens to Protect Themselves 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When something goes wrong, do you tend to bounce back or fall apart? Here are some strategics to help you manage a personal setback (挫折) and get back on track toward achieving your goal. ● Realize it’s normal. Less than 20 percent of people successfully achieve their goal the first time around. It’s normal and expected for setbacks to occur. ___16___ Knowing this, it’s important to anticipate that the main task will be how to effectively manage the setback when it arises. ● Don’t deny it. Sometimes it’s hard to recognize a setback. The problem can be staring you right in the face, but you may deny there’s any cause for alarm. ___17___ This inability to acknowledge the problem doesn’t mean you’re stupid. It’s just that denial can cloud your awareness of the issue. It’s important to be receptive to the honest feedback. ___18___Stop and consider carefully what went wrong. The most common causes of a setback are personal worries, overconfidence, and poor coping skills. Take a look at any factor that may have contributed to the setback: where you were, who you were with, what you were thinking and feeling. ● Learn from it. Learn from your analysis of the setback, and adjust your plan to try to prevent similar things from happening the next time. Each time you fine-tune your plan and put it into action again, you actually improve your odds of eventual success. ___19___ Remind yourself that your setback is a slip instead of a fall. ___20___ After adjusting, you can still make progress toward success again. A. Don’t take it seriously. B. Analyze what happened. C. You haven’t lost all of the knowledge, skills, and support. D. In other words, it’s not whether a challenge will happen, but it’s when. E. This is because you learn from each misstep to make your plan more effective. F. Friends or family will voice their concerns, but you still may not be able to accept it. G. You might even write about past experiences in a journal to guide your future behavior. 第三部分 语言运用(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 It was a winter after noon when I tripped over a high kerb (马路牙子). Suddenly, I was flying through the air. It was only the next morning when I tried to take a photo of some splendid sunlight ____21____ into my kitchen, that I had to face the reality: I could no longer lift my camera, let alone use it. Later, a hospital appointment ____22____ my worst fear — the arm needed total rest. Soon I became impatient. I couldn’t travel much. Surfing online, I ____23____ the concept of gratitude intervention, a method to boost ____24____ and well-being by being grateful. I had never been wildly ____25____ about the concept of counting one’s blessings. However, a Californian psychologist, Sonja Lyubomirsky, has ____26____ research into something much more creative — using a daily photography ____27____ as a tool for enhanced gratitude. Lyubomirsky’s instructions are ____28____, but not necessarily easy to carry out. Take photographs throughout the day of things central to who you are. Reading how participants assigned to the gratitude interventions ____29____ experienced enhanced positive emotions, a sense of connectedness, more support, and less _____30_____, I decided to carry on. Taking a single photo was painful, but the _____31_____ to find anything to feel grateful about, and then to record it, started to greatly _____32_____ both my mood and my images. I began to photograph the _____33_____ of my days. Despite everything, I found I could find magic in the daily routines. Life seems repetitive and _____34_____ when you don’t notice the _____35_____ of each moment and the constant small changes that are going on all around you. Don’t just take my word for it — experience it for yourself. 21. A. winding B. streaming C. sticking D. knocking 22. A. confirmed B. removed C. relieved D. overcame 23. A. broke into B. made up C. took down D. came across 24. A. dream B. thought C. mood D. desire 25. A. enthusiastic B. confused C. nervous D. particular 26. A. consulted B. imagined C. pioneered D. observed 27. A. lesson B. skill C. plan D. practice 28. A. complex B. simple C. normal D. abstract 29. A. occasionally B. hardly C. significantly D. slightly 30. A. interruption B. loneliness C. willingness D. motivation 31. A. struggle B. excuse C. opportunity D. promise 32. A. keep B. balance C. ruin D. improve 33. A. details B. surprises C. changes D. achievements 34. A. wonderful B. meaningful C. unfair D. boring 35. A. pain B. anxiety C. uniqueness D. challenge 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China has nearly 5,000 years of ___36___ (record) history. However, the history of Chinese furniture is even longer than ___37___ of its writing, which can be traced back to the Hemudu Culture more than 7,000 years ago. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, most of the furniture was hand-made using high-quality hardwood ___38___ raw materials, which are now rare and expensive. Ordinary people often use wood such as pine, elm, and beech, but the quality between the woods ___39___ (differ) greatly. Classical furniture is mostly made by hand. Modern machines cannot ___40___ (complete) replace handwork. The shapes carved by the machine are neat but the lines are rigid and lacking vitality. The most delicate aspect of Chinese classical furniture is the structural part of the furniture—mortise-and-tenon (榫卯) work. Combining pieces of wood together, ___41___ (use) nothing more than the wood itself, is a basic skill of all carpenters (木匠) in ancient China. It was first discovered in the wooden structure of the Hemudu site ___42___ the ancestors lived more than 7,000 years ago. This structure is the wisdom of the Chinese working people and fully represents the ___43___ (create) and artistry (艺术性) of humanity. Ancient Chinese ___44___ (philosophy) have been expressed in traditional Chinese furniture. For example, Confucianism emphasizes gentleness and moderation. ____45____ (achieve) that, skilled carpenters properly matched the curves and straight lines of the furniture. That’s why Chinese furniture always displays both balance and stability. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假设你是李华，请写封邮件给美国的笔友Jack，讲述学校于上周五上午在操场举办的每年一度的以“感恩、责任、成长、梦想”为主题的成人礼（coming-of-age ceremony）。邮件内容主要包括： 1. 成人礼概况； 2. 你的感受； 3. 询问美国的成人礼情况。 注意：1. 可以适当增加细节，使结构完整。 2. 词数100左右。 Dear Jack, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Lihua 第二节 读后续写(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 A light rain was falling as my sister Jill and I ran out of the shop，eager to get home and play with the presents that our parents had prepared for us and our baby sister, Sharon.Across the street from the shop was a gas station where the Greyhound bus stopped，which was closed for New Year，but I saw a family standing outside the locked door，gathering closely together under the narrow overhang in an attempt to keep dry.I wondered briefly why they were there but then forgot about them as I raced to keep up with Jill. Once we got home，there was barely time to enjoy our presents.We had to go off to our grandparents’ house for our annual family dinner.As we drove down the highway through town，I noticed that the family was still there，standing outside the closed gas station. My father was driving very slowly down the highwayThe closer we got to the turnoff(岔道) for my grandparents’ house，the slower the car went.Suddenly，my father made a U­turn in the middle of the road and said that he couldn’t stand it.“What？” asked my mother.“It’s those people back there at the station，standing in the rain.They’ve got children.It’s New Year.I can’t stand it.” When my father pulled into the service station，I saw that there were five of them: the parents and three children—two girls and a small boy，who were getting wet standing there. My father rolled down his window.“Happy New Year，” he said. “Thanks. You, too，” the man replied. He was very tall and had to bend slightly to look into the car. Jill, Sharon, and I looked at the children，and they looked back at us. “You waiting on the bus？” my father asked. The man said that they were. They were going to Birmingham, where he had a brother and chances of a job. Knowing the bus wouldn’t come along for several hours, my father invited them to our home to shelter from the rain. Paragraph 1： The man thought about it for a moment，but then refused. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2： When we got out of the car at our house，the three children ran through the front door happily. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 南阳一中2024年秋期高三年级开学考试 英语试题 第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A 【1~3题答案】 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C B 【4~7题答案】 【答案】4. B 5. D 6. B 7. A C 【8~11题答案】 【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. A D 【12~15题答案】 【答案】12. D 13. A 14. C 15. A 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 【16~20题答案】 【答案】16. D 17. F 18. B 19. E 20. C 第三部分 语言运用(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 【21~35题答案】 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. C 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 【36~45题答案】 【答案】36. recorded 37. that 38. as 39. differs 40. completely 41. using 42. where 43. creativity 44. philosophies 45. To achieve 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 【46题答案】 【答案】Dear Jack, How is everything going? So excited am I to tell you about the annual Coming-of-age Ceremony held in our school last Friday morning. It lasted for two hours from 9 to 11 o'clock in our school stadium. With the theme represented as “gratitude, responsibility, growth and dream”, it had invited both our parents and teachers, to whom we sincerely expressed our gratitude during the ceremony. Following that, we conveyed our determination to be a better self in the future, to fully shoulder our responsibility for both our family and society and to spare no effort to make our dreams come true. Every student was excited and emotional not only because of the adulthood itself, but because of what it gives to us — more independence, more courage, bigger dreams and fuller responsibility. Do you have an annual coming-of-age ceremony or something similar? If so, could you tell me something about it? Thank you. Yours, Li Hua 第二节 读后续写(满分25分) 【47题答案】 【答案】参考范文 The man thought about it for a moment，but then refused. He said he didn’t want to put us to any bother.My father explained that the rain would last long and our house was near the station.After my parents’strong persuasion，he finally agreed and thanked us all the time. They climbed into the car.They had no luggage，only the clothes they were wearing.Once they settled in，my father looked back over his shoulder handing them some tissues to wipe the rainwater from their faces. When we got out of the car at our house，the three children ran through the front door happily. My mother noticed all their clothes were wet，so she found some of ours for them to change. Jill and I decided to share our New Year presents with the children. One of the girls chose Jill’s doll and immediately hugged it to her breast. When the rain stopped，my father drove them to the station. As they drove away, I watched out the window as long as I could, looking back at their happy faces. That was the day when Jill and I learned the joy of making others happy. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$