Unit 6 作业(十六) SectionⅠStarting out & Understanding ideas-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册知能达标训练（外研版2019）

to 5.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“One of the oldest archaeological sites in the Americas has been discovered in Unit 6 Space and beyond Cooper's Ferry in western Idaho”和“Radiocarbon(放射性 作业（十六）Section I Starting out& dating shows that people were creating tools and Understanding ideas hunting animals in Cooper's Ferry between 15,000 and [层级1基础知识自测] 16,000 years ago.”、第二段中的“Clovis stone tools,which I.1.shadows 2.unexceptional 3.suspended 4.crew are generally about 13,000 years old”以及最后-段中的 5.screamed “The deepest layer of artifact-filled sediment(沉积物)at II.1.off 2.accustomed 3.on/over 4.suspension 5.in the site had an age range of about 15,000 to 16 000 years 6.to 7.screaming 8.Tragically 9.on 10.unexceptional old.”可知，克洛雏斯遗址的时间大约是13000年前，而研 II.1.However difficult/No matter how difficult it is to 究人员发现还有比克洛雏斯遗址更早的遗迹，时间是 explore space 2.There's never any/no doubt that 3.is said 16000年前到15000年前之间。由此可知克洛维斯遗址 to have been translated 并不是美洲最古老的人类遗址。故选D。 IV.1.has become 2.involved 3.because/as 4.to rekindle 5.a 6.tragically 7.most disastrous 8.were suspended 6.D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Archaeologist Loren 9.in 10.exploration Davis...first dug at Cooper's Ferry in 1997 as part of his 「层级2素养能力提升 PhD studies.He found a number of stone points that could : I.A- [语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了科学家努力寻找火 have been fixed to the handle of a tool.Radiocarbon dating 星上存在生命的证据。 of bones and charcoal (that were buried in the same l.C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“NASA,Americas small hole suggested these tools were up to 13,300 years space agency...that would be present if there once was or old.”可知，在1997年的挖掘过程中，Loren Davis发现库 still is life on the planet”可知，NASA发现很久以前火星 珀渡船遗址中的人类活动可以追湖到距今13300年前。 上有地表水，而水又是生命所必需的，这使得科学家认为 故选D。 火星上曾经或仍然存在生命并试图找出证据。 7.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中Davis的话“I just never 2.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Boron is important thought that the site was going to be this old.."可知，Loren because it could help build..the basic parts of life'"可知， 硼可以帮助构建生命基本组成部分之一的RNA分子，因 Dvs没想到他研究的遗址那么古老，他的研究结果让他 此在火星上发现硼很重要，这可能证明有生命的存在。 自己感到很震惊。故选C。 3.D细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The microscope 8.D主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“One of the oldest showed holes in the rocks caused by tiny living things archaeological sites in the Americas has been discovered in called microbes”和最后一段中的“The scientists hope to Cooper's Ferry”“Radiocarbon(放射性碳)dating shows get the same findings in the rocks from Mars as the ones that people were creating tools and hunting animals in they saw in the ocean rocks”可知，火山岩石显示出了一些 Cooper's Ferry between 15,000 and 16,000 years ago." 由微生物造成的洞，科学家希望研究火星岩石也可以得到 文章对该研究过程的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了库珀渡船 相同的发现，即科学家期待发现由微生物造成的洞。 遗址是美洲最古老的人类定居点之一。D项最符合文意， 4.A标题判斯题。根据全文内容并结合文章前两句可知， : 本文主要介绍了科学家努力寻找火星上存在生命的证据， 故选D。 故A项最造合作文章标题。 Ⅱ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了1965年 B [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。介绍了一款头盔， 在美国发现不明飞行物的情况以及人们对它的猜测。 它将会给我们提供一个安静的个人空间。 l.C结合上下文可知，此处是指这一事件获得(earn)了一 5.B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Now,you needn't 个绰号。 worry,for the Helmfon will help you ignore noisy co 2.B根据上文中的“thousands of people across several workers and other distractions'”可知，作者在文章的开头提 states”可知，此处指人们观察(observe)到的情况。 出这些问题是为介绍新的发明作铺垫。 3.A根据空前的“a strange fireball'"可知，此处应是指不明 6.C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the Helmfon is a big 飞行物划过天空燃烧(burn)。 helmet...giving the wearers their own quiet personal 4.A根据上文描述可知，此处指数千人规察到的现象， space”可知，头盔给佩戴者提供了一个安静的个人空间。 sighting“看见，发现（尤指罕见的或短暂出现的事物）”符 7.D细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The only trouble is that it makes you look like a character...even Native 合语境。 American headgear'”可知，这种头叁的劣势是它的外观看 5.C根据第一段中的“raced across the US and crashed near 起来很奇怪。 Kecksburg'”可知，这个小镇与这个事件联系(connect)最为 8.B推理判断题。根据最后一段的内客可知，这家公司目 紧密。 前正在努力改善头盔的设计，并计划在市场上销售。 6.D根据下文中的“she saw strange blue thin lines of fire Ⅱ.[语篇解读]文章讲述了Scott Kelly起初对科学并不 rising from the trees'”可知，事件应发生在树林(wood)里。 感兴趣，但是找到了人生目标后，他开始努力学习科学，最终 7.B此处表示一个小男孩的母亲向当局报告(report)。 实现了成为字航员的目标。 8.A根据语境可知，人们查看现场时无意中发现(come 1.C根据语境可知，此处指Scot对科学和其他所有学科都 across)一个奇怪的橡实形状的，有一辆小汽车大小的 不意兴趣，故C项符合语境。 物体。 2.D由上文中的“he was absent-minded and uninterested in science and all other as well'”可知，Scott总是心不 9.C本文描述的是一个神秘的事件，因此上面的文字也应 在焉，对科学和其他所有亭科都不感兴趣，故此处应是指 是奇怪的(strange)。 他无法集中注意力听老师讲课。focus on“集中注意力 l0.D根据语境可知，一支军队驻守(presence)在坠毁现场， 于…”符合语境，故选D。 军官命令(order)普通人离开现场。 3.B根据上文描述可知，Scott Kelly对科学不感兴趣，无法 11.C参见上题解析。 把注意力集中在老师讲的内容上，再结合下文中的“he 12.A根据语境可知，此处指确切地说(exactly),50多年前 would never his dreams'”和“After so many years 坠毁在那里的是什么东西依然是个谜 of daydreaming”可知，此处指他在学校大部分时间都在空 13.B根据语境可知，这个种秘事件仍然饱受争议和争论 想。故选B。 (debate)。 4.A根据下文中的“barely graduated from high school”可 知，Scott勉强才从高中毕业，故可推知，此处指Scott的成 14.A根据语境可知，甚至有人认为那个物体(object)是外 绩很梢糕，故选A。 星人访问的证据。文中多处出现的object是提示信息， 5.C根据上文描述可知，Scott的成绩很差，勉强才从高中 15.A根据语境可知，此处表示无论是什么情况(case),发 毕业，故此处指他甚至认为自己永远也实现不了自己的梦 生在凯克斯伯格的神秘事件还会持续很多年。 想。故选C。 22 6.D根据下文中的“started getting straight A's in science” :B—[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了全球正 可知，一切都变了。故选D。 在兴起的自行车厨房热。自行车厨房的建立有助于骑行文 7.A根据空后的“he was determined to be an astronaut'”可 化的推广，从而让更多人爱上骑自行车 知，Scott决心要成为一名宇航员，所以他应该是被书中的 5.A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In bike kitchens, 内容鼓舞了。故选A tools,used parts and repair assistance are provided to their 8.C根据语境可知，对于多年来一直对学习不感兴趣的 community members'”可知，自行车厨房给他们的社区成员 Scot来说，学好科学不是一件容易的事。故选C。 提供工县、二手零件和雏修援助。故选A 9.B根据下文中的“the better he got”可推断出Scott练习 : 6.A推理判断题。根据第三段中的“For short on medium 学习技能越多，他就变得越好。故远B。 distances,bikes are one of the lowest-carbon ways to l0.D根据上文中的“But he started thinking of it as travel.Even more shockingly,using a bike instead of a car game”可知，Scott开始把学习当作一项比赛，再结合下文 for short trips would reduce a person's travel emissions by 中的“to see how good he could be”可知，此处指这最终 75 percent'"和最后一段中的“Either through the supply of 成为他与自己的一场竞赛，目的是看看自己可以变得多 tools,parts,fixing sessions or bikes for free,bike 好。故选D kitchens encourage a more sustainable way of traveling that 11.C参见上题解析。上文中的game也是提示。故选C。 makes cities friendlier,while strengthening community 12.B根据上文内容可知，Scott曾经是个花大部分时间空想的 values”可判断，作者在文章中强调了骑自行车是一种非常 人，之后他做出了改变。故former符合语境，故选B。 低碳、可持续的出行方式。故选A l3.A根据上文中的“which meant doing well in science 7.C推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Either through classes”可知，科学成绩好是成为一名宇航员的必要条 the supply of tools,parts,fixing sessions or bikes for 件。故选A。 free,bike kitchens encourage a more sustainable way of l4.B根据上文中的“So we need to stop furthering the traveling that makes cities friendlier,while strengthening statement that science is just too hard”可知，此处指你应 community values”可推断，作者对自行车厨房持积极的态 该忽略那些评论，故选B 度。故选C。 15.DS0ott从对科学不感兴趣到成为科学学科的优等生的经 8.B主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是自行车厨房的益处有很 历说明了每个人必须愿意作出努力才能取得成功。故选D。 多，但最关健的一点是可以推广骑行文化，从而让更多人 作业（十七）SectionⅡUsing language 爱上骑自行车。B项“自行车厨房正在帮助推广自行车文 [层级1基础知识自测 化”最能概括文章大意。故选B。 I.1,might/may 2.should 3.need 4.can/could 5.can/ Ⅱ，[语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了决定 could 6.shall 7.must 8.would 9.may/might 宇航员在太空中吃什么以及怎样吃需要考虑的儿个因素。 10.could 1.G 根据本段第一句“First,and possibly the most II.1.should have cleaned 2.can't arrive home 3.must important one,is nutrition..”可知，本段主要说明了营养 have arrived 4.may/might rain 5.have to attend an 是科学家在规划宇航员用餐时需要重，点考虑的因素：下文 important class meeting 介绍垃圾食品不利于宇航员的身体健康：G项（保持宇航 II.1.needn't 2.can 3.might 4.should not allow 员的身体健康是任何太空任务的首要工作)与本段主旨一 5.must 6.shall 7.shall 8.should 致，且与后文形成对比关系，其中的health与后文的 [层级2素养能力提升] unhealthy相对应，符合语境。故选G。 2.A设空句为本段主旨句，后文“If the food that has been I.A一[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了天 文学家通过望远镜发现了木星的大红斑，还发现大红斑正变 provided is distasteful,then the astronauts may avoid eating it..”说明了食物味道的重要性；A项（味道也很重 得越来越小，越来越圆。 要)中的Taste与后文的distasteful相呼应，符合语境。故 l.A细节理解题。根据文章标题、第一段中的“The storm 选A。 is shrinking.”以及第二段中的“The spot,once estimated 3.F 本段主旨句“The lack of gravity(pull)in a spacecraft to be 25,500 miles across,was just 10,250 miles wide also determines what foods can or cannot be eaten in when the Hubble Space Telescope last observed it.'It's at the smallest size that we've ever seen,'says Dr Amy spac心，”说明了失重也是宇航员饮食中需要考虑的因素之 -;后文“A loose knife bouncing around inside the cabin Simon”可知，大红斑(the Great Red Spot)正变得越来越 小；根据第二段最后一句“t's also changing shape,looking would be dangerous.”说明了刀在太空舱内到处弹跳是危 险的：F项（同样的原因，在宇宙飞船上从不使用锋利的刀 more like a circle than its usual oval..”可知，大红斑变得越 义)中的knives与后文的knife相呼应，the same reason就 来越圆。故选A。 是指开头的The lack of gravity(pull),故F项特合语境. 2.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It's made mostly of hydrogen and helium ()But most of hydrogen and 4.B后文“The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated in order to ensure that there helium on Jupiter is not in the form of gas.Instead, is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into Jupiter's great gravity squeezes the hydrogen and helium, turning most of these elements into liquid.”可知，木星主 space and back home again.”说明了重量也是宇航员饮食 中要考虑的因素：B项（最后，重量是一个重要的问题）与 要由氢和氯组成，但它们大部分不是以气体的形式存在， 后文的weight相呼应，且Finally与前文也形成了递进关 木星的巨大引力挤压了氢和急，将它们中的大多数变成了 液体；再根据第三段倒数第三句“Only the outer part of 系，符合语境。故选B。 Jupiter is gas.”可知，木星外层部分是气体。由此可知木 5.C前文提到提供食物时需要考虑重量，再根据后文可知， 大多数食物都储存在塑料袋里，而且这些食物经常是脱水 星上有液体和气体，故选C。 的；C项（食品包装要尽可能的轻）中的packaging与后文 3.C词义猜测题。最后画线词所在段中的“Mysteries 的stored相呼应，light与本段的中心词weight相呼应，符 abound about the spot,such as what powers it and why it 合语境。故选C」 is so red.Now another one arises."可知，such as后的 Ⅲ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，介绍了不同国家探索 “what powers it and why it is so red"和“another one'”指的 火星的方法，重点介绍了中国的天问一号火星探测器 都是谜团(Mysteries),结合语境非测此处想表达这些谜团 有很多，现在又出现了一个。由此可推知“Mysteries l,disappeared考查时态。此处是在说由于有害的辐射，大 abound about the spot'”表示“关于大红斑的谜团有很多” 部分液态水消失了。根据句中的时间状语About4 billion 结合选项可知C项符合语境，故选C。abound意为“大量 years ago可知，此处是描迷过去发生的事情，需要用一般 存在，有许多” 过去时，故填disappeared。 4.D推理判断题。根据文章最后的“‘Could it disappear?' 2.考查代词。句意：但是有些液态水可能仍然在地下 根据句意可知，设空处指代前文的liquid water,water是不 asks Dr Simon.Would I bet money on it one way or the other??Probably not..”尤其是其中的“Probably not..”可 可数名词，需要用代词t来指代。 3.0r考查介词。句意：中国的天问一号任务将通过固定在 知，西蒙博士对大红斑是否会消失这件事不敢打赌(bet), 也就是他并不确定。故选D(怀疑的)。 火星车上的雷达来寻找现存的水。search for表示“寻 找”，是园定搭配，故填for。 23·英语·选择性必修 第四册(配WY版) Unit 6 Space and beyond 作业(十六) Section I Starting out &Understanding ideas 层级 基础知识自测 III.完成句子/同义句转换 I.单词拼写 1.无论探索太空多么困难,中国都将继续为之努 力。(让步状语从句) 1. The children were having fun, chasing each other's (影子). China will continue to strive for it. 2. Since he moved to the countryside, Michael has 2.毫无疑问,刻苦用功是提高成绩的关键。(doubt) lived an (平常的)and leisure life. hard work is 3. To our disappointment, the party was the key to improving your grades. (中止) because the power was off. 3. It's said that the book has been translated intc 4. According to the new regulation, all the several foreign languages. (全体工作人员)membersshall beprovided →The book into several with health and safety protection. foreign languages.(不定式的完成式) 5. The little helpless child (尖声大叫)for IV.课文语法填空 help when she could not find her parents. Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the II. 单句语法填空 Moon back on 2o July 1969, the notion of space 1. After many years of hard work, his business travel 1. (become) unexceptional to the began to take when he was in his public. When the Challenger space shuttle took off forties. in 1986, the world seemed to have lost its wonder 2. No one wishes to deal with a person at the achievements of the astronauts 2. (accustom) to breaking his word. (involve). But this was going to be no ordinary 3. Don't let appearance cast a shadow our excursion, and millions of people witnessed its take-off on TV. It was special 3. confidence and we should learn to accept and Christa love who we are. McAuliffe aged 37, an ordinary teacher and 4. The spokesman declined to explain the details of mother, was about to become the first civilian in space. She hoped 4. the (suspend). (rekindle) interest in 5. He has an appointment with his pen pal today. the space programme and communicate 5. sense of excitement by giving two 15-minute Now he is waiting for her arrival with his heart his mouth. lessons from orbit. However,6. (tragic), the shuttle 6. We always tune in the latest news at exploded just over a minute after taking off and all eight o'clock to know better about the world. seven astronauts on board were killed. It was the 7. The little girl was so terrified of the snake that (disastrous) space accident ever, and she ran crying and (scream) to her the world went into shock. Following the mother. Challenger disaster, space shuttle flights 8. 8. (tragic), the side effects of the drug (suspend) for nearly three years. But there was hadn't been discovered until many people were never any doubt that manned flights would seriously damaged by it. continue. In 1988, the space shuttle programme 9. "Mars Day" offers many children a chance to resumed with the successful launch of Discovery. learn more about a world that they are very It has now been over 30 years since the loss of likely to set foot within their lifetime. Challenger. The memory of those seven will live 10. Since she gave up performing, the actress has forever, inspiring us to join them 9. lived an (exception) life with her humanity's greatest journey of discovery ard family. :10. (explore). 46 2. Why is the discovery of boron on Mars 层级②素养能力提升 important? I. 阅读理解 A. It is hardly seen on earth A B. It might prove the existence of life. (2024·沈阳二中高二月考)It ishard to C. It might cause the holes in the rocks imagine that plants or animals could ever exist on D. It is the most necessary part of RNA Mars. But scientists continue to look for evidence. molecules. 3. What do scientists expect to find NASA, America's space agency, has found through evidence that, a long time ago, there was surface examining the rocks from Mars? water on Mars. Scientists believe water is necessary A. Tiny living things. for life as we know it. So since that discovery, they B. Ancient material from Mars. have been looking for chemicals that would be C. Volcanic chemicals. present if there once was or still is life on the D. Holes caused by mierobes. planet. 4. What is the best title for the text? At a meeting in California, NASA scientists A. Scientists Try To Look For Life On Mars reported an important discovery on Mars. They B. Does Surface Water Really Exist On Mars? said for the first time that they had found very C. A Discovery Of Life In The Pacific Ocean small amounts of boron(棚). Boron is important D. Boron-An Important Chemical Supporting Life B because it could help build RNA molecules(分子) And RNA molecules are important because they Are you always disturbed by the noise made by your co-workers while you're working hard at are one of the basic parts of life One of the next steps in the scientists' search your task? What kind of feelings will you have on for life on Mars comes soon. The next spacecraft is hearing such kind of noise? Have you ever got an idea that a certain helmet will help you out of the planned. It will bring rocks from Mars back to trouble so you can focus on your work at the Earth. Scientists in Britain are getting ready for those Mars rocks now. Before this, using a office? Now,you needn't worry,for the Helmfon will help you ignore noisy co-workers and othe powerful microscope(显微镜),they examined 200- distractions. million-year old volcanic rocks found deep in the Created by the Ukrainian design company Pacific Ocean. The microscope showed holes in the Hochu rave, the Helmfon is a big helmet that uses rocks caused by tiny living things called microbes special equipment to absorb the sound so as to which are the oldest form of life on Earth. completely block any outside noise, giving the Next, the scientists in Britain will examine wearers their own quiet personal space so they can rocks which contain ancient material from Mars. better focus their attention on their work. Made of The material comes from a time when Mars would a glass fiber shell, cloth and other materials, the have been more likely to support life. The helmet not only blocks outside sound, but it also scientists hope to get the same findings in the rocks keeps the noise you make in, allowing you to from Mars as the ones they saw in the ocean rocks. answer calls, hold WeChat conferences and watch If they do, they predict that the rocks coming or edit videos privately. directly from Mars will also show signs of life. The company came up with the idea for the That, in turn, could finally prove that we are not Helmfon after being asked to design a new phone alone in the universe. booth for an TT company. The project made the 1. What caused scientists to look for evidence of team think about the way we communicate and life on Mars? finally began work on a device that would allow A. The discovery of plants. you to be in two worlds just sitting on your chair in B. The discovery of chemicals. the office,in a meeting,or everywhere. C. The discovery of surface water The Helmfon comes complete with a system D. The discovery of animals. board,a microphone, speakers and a special holder 47 ·英语·选择性必修 第四册(配WY版) for your phone. The only trouble is that it makes That all 6 when he picked up and read you look like a character from Mel Brooks' famous The Right Stuf f,Tom Wolfe's classic account of science fiction film, Spaceballs, but the company the pioneering Americans who first explored space. also provides a variety of great choices, including _7, he was determined to be an Batmaninspired design, and even Native American astronaut, which meant doing well in science headgear. classes. So that day,he made up his mind to do well in science. The Helmfon is still in the prototype(雏形) After so many years of daydreaming, it stage, but the Ukrainian company is already wouldn't be 8 . But he started thinking of it as working on commercially available design and a game. The more he 9 his study skills, the plans to offer the design for sale. A release date has better he got. 10 ,it became a 11 with not yet been made public. himself to see how good he could be. No one was 5. Why does the author ask questions in more surprised than him when a _ 12 paragraph 1? daydreamer started getting straight A's in science. A. To arouse discussion. which is 13 to be an astronaut. B. To introduce a new device. So we need to stop furthering the statement C. To show the harm of noise. that science is just too hard. If you're a student D. To list the trouble in daily life. who has been told"you are not a science person"or 14 “you are not that smart ", just the 6. What is the function of the Helmfon? A. To protect the wearers' safety. comments! Everyone with an aim can succeed- they just have to be 15 to make an effort. B. To keep wearers energetic. 1. A. schedules B. goals C. To give the wearers quiet space. C. subjects D. students D. To help wearers talk secretly. 2. A. work on B. set about 7. What does the author say about the disadvantage C. get across D. focus on of the Helmfon? 3. A. investigating B. daydreaming C. wandering A. It's too heavy to wear. D. learning 4. A. grades B. It isn't suitable for everyone. B. impression C. respect D. friends C. The air inside may not be fresh. 5. A. destroy D. The appearance may be strange. B. explain C. achieve D. forget 8. What can we infer about the Ukrainian company? 6. A. finished B. ended A. It designed the helmet specially for an IT C. happened D. changed company. 7. A. Inspired B. Disappointed B. It plans to sell the helmet in the future. C.Annoyed D. Shocked C. It often comes up with crazy ideas. 8. A. possible B. difficult D. It will sell the helmet online C. easy D. wonderful II.完形填空 9. A. planned B. practiced C. arranged (2024·大庆实验中学期末)Careers inscience D. exchanged 10. A. Particularly are generally believed to be too complex for B. Surprisingly C. Fortunately students who aren't talented or clever enough, but D. Eventually 11.A. principle Scott Kelly,former commander of the International B. deal C. competition D. shadow Space Station,would prove it's wrong. 12.A.real B. former As a kid, he was absent-minded and C. formal D. last uninterested in science and all other 1 as well. 13. A. essential B. potential He couldn't 2 what the teachers were saying. C.convenient D. valuable spending most of his time in school 3. 14.A. pass B. ignore Therefore, he earned terrible 4 and barely C. acknowledge D. welcome graduated from high school, and he even thought 15.A. afraid B. unhappy he would never 5 his dreams. C. equal D. willing 48