专题04 阅读理解七选五（山东专用）-【好题汇编】备战2024-2025年高二英语下学期期中真题分类汇编

专题04 阅读理解之七选五12篇（山东专用） (23-24高二下•山东青岛•期中)In the 1920s, Russian psychologist Bluma Zeigarnik observed a strange thing. While dining out, she was impressed by the complex orders the waiters were able to remember at one time. 1 This observation gave rise to the study of what would become known as the Zeigarnik Effect. The Zeigarnik Effect refers to our tendency to remember incomplete or interrupted tasks better than completed ones. At first glance the Zeigarnik Effect can seem like a handy adaptation: It’s good to remember the things we need to do, and it’s a positive thing to want to finish the things we start. 2 First, each incomplete task your brain reminds you about takes up a bit of your attention, making it harder to concentrate on whatever you’re currently working on. Second, even if we manage to physically disconnect from work, the Zeigarnik Effect ensures that our unfinished tasks follow us home. They bring trouble to our vacations, our weekends, and even our sleep. 3 So what can you do about it? Write your tasks down. Your brain is a terrible filing system. Instead of keeping tasks in your head, make a habit of writing them down as soon as they come to you. 4 Make a plan for tomorrow before you end the work day so your unfinished tasks don’t remain in your mind after-hours. Don’t forget to look back at how far you’ve come. 5 Therefore, review your completed tasks at the end of every week to celebrate what you’ve already. A．Establish a work shutdown routine. B．Have a system for expanding your job skills. C．The problem when it comes to our productivity is two-fold. D．Yet when customers checked out, these were totally forgotten. E．We always quickly forget everything we’ve already accomplished. F．We need a way to mentally disconnect in our hours away from work. G．You have to actually complete all of your tasks to feel mental relief from it. (23-24高二下•山东聊城•期中) Find your new favorite hobby Challenging and fun hobbies have the power to make us happier and healthier. They can lead to better physical health, lower stress, greater life satisfaction, a larger social network and improve work performance. 1 But where do you start? Here are some tips on how to discover the hobbies you don’t yet know you’ll love. Ask yourself how you want to feel Hobbies present an escape — they can help you get out of your head and calm down. Ask yourself how you want an activity to make you feel. Mentally engaged? Distracted? Relaxed? Socially connected? 2 Recognize that you have different needs at different moments, and that’s OK. Start small 3 Try to figure out gradually if it’s right for you. You can always do more later. If you’re wondering if paintballing might be a good fit, join an outing or two with a local Meet-up group. Or sign up for a one-time pottery class rather than a set of eight. 4 When people feel guilty about spending time on leisure, they experience increased symptoms of depression and anxiety. Give yourself permission to do something that you like and keep in mind that if a hobby makes you healthier and happier, everyone around you will benefit. Think of discovering new hobbies as a way to add new dimensions to your life, and enjoy the process. Take a trip back in time When you were a kid, what did you want to be when you grew up? The answer could point you toward an appealing hobby. Revisit some activities you loved when you were young, like drawing, putting together model kits, collecting things or building clay figures, which is really helpful to start your new hobbies. 5 Keep a list Keep a list on your fridge or other things of all the things that strike you as interesting. Write down potential interests as they come to you, and you’ll have no shortage of options to explore when you’re ready. A．Remove guilt. B．Keep optimistic. C．Plus, they often promote connection with others. D．Those childhood delights can easily develop into adult hobbies. E．Don’t invest a ton of time and money in a new hobby immediately. F．You should keep an open mind and don’t ignore some potential hobbies. G．It’s also helpful to consider what your life is missing, like creativity or physical activity. (23-24高二下•山东日照•期中)If you are an introverted (内向) person who tends to focus too much on yourself or stay quiet in public places, don’t feel annoyed. Bestselling author Susan Cain says that supporting introverts during childhood can help shape them into high-achieving adults. 1 The traditional model of leaders is seen as outgoing, talkative and brave — all typical features of extroverts. 2 Instead, it is believed that true leaders are driven by a desire to advance ideas and new ways of seeing the world or to improve conditions for a group of people. Moreover, “calm leaders” can resolve problems more effectively and better identify which risks are worth taking, thanks to their ability to deal with information and make decisions more carefully. In the introduction to her book, Cain shares a question she was asked all the time as a child: “Why are you so quiet?” It was usually asked out of concern, she noted. People took her silence as a sign of uneasiness or anger. In fact, she was just listening and observing her surroundings. 3 Cain says introverts make for the best listeners. As keen listeners, introverts can pick up on information that some extroverts might overlook. Unlike extroverts, introverts are not known for jumping to conclusions, and as a result, they tend to receive more attention and appreciation from audiences when they do speak. 4 However, introverts tend to contribute their best work and ideas on their own. “Introverts have an impressive ability to be independent,” Cain wrote. “We find strength in solitude (孤独) and are able to use our precious alone time to focus and concentrate.” 5 A．Listening is one of the necessary skills in life. B．It starts with recognizing their “hidden strengths”. C．Extroverts are known to perform well in group settings. D．In some way, observing is more important than listening. E．However, leaders need such kinds of abilities to make decisions. F．But leadership doesn’t need to be quite social or attention-seeking. G．This is why pushing introverted kids to do group projects ends up backfiring. (23-24高二下•山东临沂•期中)It’s always heartbreaking to learn about a medical problem that’s largely been addressed in the United States but continues to trouble low-and middle-income countries. 1 It was a device developed by two former fellows with the Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign. This foot-operated resuscitator (呼吸机) was designed for clinicians who often must work alone when a newborn struggles to take a first breath. 2 When a newborn fails to breathe, one clinician holds a respirator (人工呼吸器) mask to the baby’s face while another person squeezes a ventilation (给肺提供空气) bag, pushing air into the baby’s lungs. But in low-and middle-income countries such as India, where staff is more limited, resuscitation is not so straightforward. An individual clinician commonly revives the baby alone, using one hand to perform three movements of jaw sticking, chin lift and neck leaning, sealing the respirator mask around the baby’s mouth, and using the other hand to squeeze the bag. 3 Avijit Bansal, MD, a pulmonologist from India, was well aware of this earlier. In 2011, he met a like-minded researcher and they began work on a solution. As the article notes: They developed NeoBreathe, a foot-operated resuscitator. 4 With the freed hand, the operator can multitask more efficiently. The device is now being used in the majority of India’s states, as well as in Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, and Mali. 5 A．It is helping save lives, and people are taking notice. B．That’s why it was inspiring to learn about the NeoBreathe. C．We have created a new way of performing an age-old procedure. D．Additionally, there are plans to introduce it in Peru, Chile and Argentina. E．Performing this procedure without assistance can have bad consequences. F．In the United States, saving a baby who suffers from birth choke is relatively simple. G．It frees one of the operator’s hands, cuts down on air leakage and significantly improves ventilation. (23-24高二下•山东潍坊•期中)Far too many people — even hardcore (铁杆) exercisers — view stretching as an annoying and optional thing for bookending their workouts. Even worse, it’s something that they skip after exercise for no other reason than they can’t be bothered to actually do it. 1 So who cares about going through a boring stretching routine? Well, we all should. Science shows that stretching isn’t actually literal — you’re not even “stretching” your muscles at all. 2 That does wonders for both your joints and your muscles. 3 Whether you’ve been walking the steps at your nearest high-school football stadium or you’ve gone through an amazing weightlifting routine, it’s vital for you to take a few minutes to stretch after sweating. If you don’t stretch, it doesn’t do your body any favors. What happens to your body when you skip your post-exercise stretching? You could feel sick. You won’t be surprised to know that when you exercise, you raise your heart rate for a period  of time. After physical activity, your heart is still beating faster than normal, your body temperature is higher and your blood vessels are dilated (扩张). 4 Your muscles will likely become inflexible and more sore. When you exercise your muscles, it produces an inflammatory (炎症) response in the form of lactic acid (乳酸). 5 When you rest or recover, your body naturally breaks down and gets rid of that lactic acid. One thing that helps your body handle that lactic acid is stretching. It helps you distribute oxygen throughout your body and muscles, which can reduce lactic acid production and rid your muscles of any accumulation of lactic acid. A．Stretching helps your blood flow. B．In fact, it reduces your risk of injury. C．Stretching is crucial after a workout. D．This means if you stop too fast, you could pass out. E．It is actually what causes your muscles to become sore. F．After all, you’ve just exercised and your body feels warm, loose, and great. G．The true purpose is to lengthen and mobilize the connective tissue around your muscle. (23-24高二下•山东菏泽•期中)The Ancient Tea Horse Road (in China) was a trade road mainly through Yunnan, Sichuan, and Xizang. 1 From the 6th century to the 20th century, people in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces traveled by foot and on horseback to exchange tea for horses with people in Xizang. Walking on the road, you can still see the deep marks in stones left by the stepping of horses’ hooves (马蹄) over the centuries. The Ancient Tea Horse Road was impressive. However, for travelers, transportation was very difficult in the southwest because there were lots of high mountains, climbable only by narrow roads, and rapid rivers to cross. Wheeled or waterway transportation was nearly impossible. 2 The Tea Horse Road originated from the traditional “tea-for-horse” trade between Han and Tibetan people. The trade began with Tibetan interest in tea in the Tang Dynasty. 3 Some places in Sichuan, such as Mingshan, had a specialized government department to manage the tea-horse trade. 4 The Sichuan-Xizang Tea Horse Road started from Ya’an in Sichuan to Lhasa, traveled through Luding, Kangding, Batang, and Chamdo in Xizang, and continued to Nepal, Burma, and India.The Yunnan-Xizang Tea Horse Road began from a major tea-producing area in Yunnan and led to Lhasa in Xizang, crossing Pu’er in Xishuangbanna, Dali, Lijiang, and Shangri-La, and continuing to Nepal, Burma, and India. With the rapid development of modern roads, the ancient pathways have been taken the place of by the Sichuan-Xizang Highway and other Tibetan roads. 5 It makes people return to nature, enjoy a trip for harmony between humans and the environment and experience a trip of adventure and discovery. A．Slowly, the tea horse road wasn’t used. B．During the Song Dynasty, it further developed. C．However, the road has a number of stories to tell. D．It was created by humans with their feet and horses with their hooves. E．Therefore, few people in ancient times could finish the whole journey. F．However, traveling along the Ancient Tea Horse Road is becoming popular. G．Generally speaking, the Ancient Tea Horse Road was divided into two major roads. (23-24高二下•山东烟台•期中)Human beings need interpersonal connection. But, in fact, learning how to let go of that pressure to be accompanied has unique upsides. Time alone allows you to reconnect with your own intentions. 1 Start small. Figure out what you’d be most comfortable doing, whether it’s sitting at a local restaurant for dinner, or hitting up the bar, and do that. 2 Bring a book or a journal. 3 When feeling you’re so alone and stressed in a cafe, you have an activity to engage in. Plus, the act of reading or journaling can direct your attention and help you tackle and calm such feelings. Set your phone aside. Looking through social media or texting instantly takes your mind out of the present moment. Even if you’re not directly interacting with people while on your phone, you’re probably interacting with their thoughts or inputs. 4 This way you can let your body down-regulate and reset. Do an activity you love. You can sign. up for an art class or workout program or volunteer group without anyone else you know. 5 And part of the full-circle joy of doing things completely for yourself is that it also brings you opportunities to meet new people, and form new, beautiful connections. A．They’re helpful tools for beginners. B．Here are tips for your self-acceptance. C．It’s vital to tear yourself away from that. D．Independence needn’t always equal privacy. E．Ways of enjoying your own company are as follows. F．Even so, it may feel awkward and strange to hang out alone. G．Focus on that one outing as your single goal, and then another. (23-24高二下•山东济宁•期中) The Best Ways to Deal with Awkward Silences We all know what it’s like when a conversation dies off and you’re left to sit in silence together. There’s only one word to describe it: Awkward! 1 . Here are some ways to deal with the silences. Think of topics ahead of time. Before attending a social event, think of a few “‘go-to” topics to jumpstart a dead conversation. 2 . So you aren’t scrambling (绞尽脑汁) for words in the moment. People who share your interest in a sport or hobby can be the easiest to talk to. Ask open-ended questions. Open-ended questions have more than one possible answer, so they are likely to get the person talking more than asking a question that will result in a short response. Ask “ 3 ?” instead of asking “Did you like your high school?” Make a general statement to fill the silence. Find something casual (随意的) to comment on if things start getting awkward. 4 . If you are having a meal together, you could say something about the food: “Is it me, or is this the best salad place in town?” Not only does that break the silence, but raising a question gives the other person a chance to respond. 5 . This is always a safe bet, as long as it’s appropriate. For example, you could say, “ I’ve been meaning to tell you I really like your shirt. Where did you get it?” This could move the conversation in another direction while making the other person feel good. Stick to complimenting (赞扬) someone’s personality or achievements if you’re trying to make small talk. A．Give a compliment B．Create a conversation C．This will help you to fill the silences D．What did you like about your highschool E．The open-ended questions are adapted to you F．A good way to do this is to make a comment of observation G．Thankfully, filling these silences isn’t as difficult as it may seem (23-24高二下•山东淄博•期中)Perhaps you’ve stopped doing what you want because you’re afraid of what others think of you. You feel that you must do what they expect and that you must meet their expectations, otherwise you’ll lose their approval. If this is the case, it’s time to start working on your self-esteem (自尊). 1 . Think about yourself, about what you really like and are interested in. You must lead your life independently. You must do what you want without being affected by what others think. 2 , because you’ve always done everything to gain the approval of others. You need to get out of that zone, move to new places, and explore your full potential. By surrounding yourself with people who think like you, you’ll realize that you don’t feel judged. Then, you’ll start doing what you really want. 3 . Your new friends will integrate into your life and you’ll also keep your genuine friends. On the other hand, those who are always ready to see the negative and question what you’re trying to do will gradually fade away. To overcome your fear of what others think and of their non-approval, you should start talking about your plans. 4 . By talking to them, you’ll be able to organize your plans and ideas. You’ll feel confident in yourself and you’ll be able to go on your new path without any fear. 5 . You’ll find barriers along your way. However, you must trust in yourself and seek the necessary strength to move forward. People in your environment often don’t understand what you do no matter how much you explain it, so ignore them. A．However, you might feel afraid to do it B．There is no need to think about what you want C．You don’t have to change your circle of friends D．Then, you’ll be able to do what you want freely E．Your life belongs to you, as well as your actions F．It’s unavoidable that not everything will be plain sailing G．For instance, you could share your intention with your friends (23-24高二下•山东枣庄•期中)You may or may not be aware of this, but reading fiction is highly beneficial, and there are scientific studies to back this up. 1 Read on to discover more reasons to continue reading and rereading your favourite fiction masterpieces. Your imagination can be significantly improved and developed when reading fiction. Imagination allows you to be more creative. 2 What’s more, the ability to imagine things influences everything a person does, thinks about and creates, regardless of their professions. Empathy (共鸣) is all about standing in someone else’s shoes and seeing things from their point of view. So developing a relationship with the characters and becoming interested in the journey they are going through can help you do that after you’ve closed the book. 3 Reading fiction improves people’s mood considerably and brings it to a pleasurable state. It even provides health benefits and relaxation. Regular readers have lower stress levels, lower rates of depression. 4 When you read, you expose yourself to new vocabulary and new language. You might even get to read from authors who have different local languages and speech patterns! Who said learning can’t happen under a cozy blanket while holding a book in one hand and hot cocoa in the other? 5 The psychology of reading fiction is often explored, so clearly others are curious as well. And when a person indirectly experiences an event related to an emotion, for example, if they read about what happens to a character and how they feel about it, the same region of the brain is activated as if they experienced the event themselves. A．It can also help you with your problem—solving skills. B．Reading fiction can help you master multiple languages at the same time. C．Reading fiction also helps you build your language skills and vocabulary. D．The relationship with the characters makes you think more about others. E．A recent study showed that reading fiction can enrich one’s world view. F．Have you ever wondered what happens in your brain when you read fiction? G．Why does reading fiction have such an effect on improving one’s imagination? (23-24高二下•山东潍坊•期中)At age four, I found a garden behind the kitchen. My eyes became glued to the patterns of roses across my childhood landscape. I saw them and felt a sense of joy and adventure. 1 When spring arrived, I ran so fast through the house, speeding ahead of my mother’s voice. I dashed out of the front door and threw myself on a fresh carpet of grass. Excited, I bounced to my feet and had three more cartwheels before landing by her side. 2 And I sat beside her, playing with mud pies in the flower bed. Work done, she rewarded me with an ice-cold glass of bittersweet lemonade. 3 She fed love to a generation of people with purple peas and greens. She encouraged me to go anywhere in the world that would make me happy. Since then. I have planted her gardens through art installations (装置) throughout the world, in countries of the people that I meet. Now they are lining parks and courtyards, painted on walls and even in bare lots off the street. Gardening has taught me that planting and growing a garden is the same process as creating our lives. It begins in the spring, when you break up the soil and start anew. 4 The gardener must then make sure that the proper nutrients are correctly mixed in the soil. Then it’s important to aerate the topsoil and leave it loosely packed on the surface. When our gardens are balanced with care, we can harvest the beauty of living a life of grace. 5 So cultivate (培育) your garden for giving and plant those seeds for the future. The garden is the world living deep inside of you. A．My life was completely transformed. B．Mother dear was in the garden busy breaking up the soil. C．My mother cooked with the colors and textures of her garden. D．The workman was busy when the garden caught my attention. E．Then it’s time to clear out the dead leaves and roots of the winter. F．My passion and connection to garden started at that exact moment. G．Gardens are a mirror that cast their own reflection into our real lives. (23-24高二下•山东济宁•期中)There’s an art to arranging pictures on a wall. The first step is to think about what you’re trying to achieve: 1 Are you trying to arouse curiosity or attract people’s attention to a particular artwork? Once you’ve identified the goal, let the following general principles guide you. Get the height right Conventional wisdom says art should be hung at eye level. 2 So a basic rule is to hang pieces so that their centers are 56 to 60 inches above the floor. And if the art is going over furniture, aim to hang it 8 to 10 inches from the top of the sofa or whatever piece is beneath it. Whatever height you choose, keep in mind: from a psychological perspective, if it’s a scene from nature, for example, it’s most relaxing if it seems like we can step into it. Take care when grouping pieces When grouping art pieces to create a gallery wall, give priority to the thing that is most special. Be mindful of the space between the frames, ensuring there is a visually equal distance between one another. A good rule is to aim for two inches apart with smaller items, and at most six inches apart with larger works. 3 Find a coherent thread When arranging artwork in a group, look for one or two elements that repeat between the pieces, whether it’s a similar color, or a particular style of frame. When they all share this common characteristic, the brain says, “Oh, this was meant to be,”—it becomes easier to process what you’re looking at. Create balance and symmetry(对称) 4 A 2018 study from the University of Vienna found that both art history and psychology students at the university level prefer symmetrical patterns with art over asymmetrical ones; In other experiments, researchers in Rome found that visual symmetry even leads to positive mood changes in viewers. 5 Before you commit to the arrangement you have in mind by hammering (捶打) holes into a wall, lay out what you plan on the floor in advance to get a sense of how it will look. Consider this a rehearsal (彩排) for your personal art show, Once you have the right arrangement, hammer away. A．Give it a trial run B．Make a proper arrangement C．They are two important elements. D．Research shows that humans prefer symmetry. E．In this case, it brings people a harmonious visual effect. F．But “eye level” means different things to different people. G．Are you trying to be surprising with your picture placement? 2 / 42 1 / 42 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题04 阅读理解之七选五12篇（山东专用） (23-24高二下•山东青岛•期中)In the 1920s, Russian psychologist Bluma Zeigarnik observed a strange thing. While dining out, she was impressed by the complex orders the waiters were able to remember at one time. 1 This observation gave rise to the study of what would become known as the Zeigarnik Effect. The Zeigarnik Effect refers to our tendency to remember incomplete or interrupted tasks better than completed ones. At first glance the Zeigarnik Effect can seem like a handy adaptation: It’s good to remember the things we need to do, and it’s a positive thing to want to finish the things we start. 2 First, each incomplete task your brain reminds you about takes up a bit of your attention, making it harder to concentrate on whatever you’re currently working on. Second, even if we manage to physically disconnect from work, the Zeigarnik Effect ensures that our unfinished tasks follow us home. They bring trouble to our vacations, our weekends, and even our sleep. 3 So what can you do about it? Write your tasks down. Your brain is a terrible filing system. Instead of keeping tasks in your head, make a habit of writing them down as soon as they come to you. 4 Make a plan for tomorrow before you end the work day so your unfinished tasks don’t remain in your mind after-hours. Don’t forget to look back at how far you’ve come. 5 Therefore, review your completed tasks at the end of every week to celebrate what you’ve already. A．Establish a work shutdown routine. B．Have a system for expanding your job skills. C．The problem when it comes to our productivity is two-fold. D．Yet when customers checked out, these were totally forgotten. E．We always quickly forget everything we’ve already accomplished. F．We need a way to mentally disconnect in our hours away from work. G．You have to actually complete all of your tasks to feel mental relief from it. 1．D 2．C 3．F 4．A 5．E 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了20世纪20年代，俄罗斯心理学家Bluma Zeigarnik观察到一件奇怪的事情。外出就餐时，服务员一次就能记住的复杂订单给她留下了深刻的印象。然而，当顾客结账时，这些都被完全遗忘了。这一现象称之为蔡加尼克效应。通过对这一现象的研究，说明了我们如何在下班后，在精神上得到解脱。 1．根据空前“In the 1920s, Russian psychologist Bluma Zeigarnik observed a strange thing. While dining out, she was impressed by the complex orders the waiters were able to remember at one time. (20世纪20年代，俄罗斯心理学家Bluma Zeigarnik观察到一件奇怪的事情。外出就餐时，服务员一次就能记住的复杂订单给她留下了深刻印象。)” 可知，空前介绍心理学家Bluma Zeigarnik观察到的一个现象，故D项“然而，当顾客结账时，这些都被完全遗忘了。”符合，此空继续描写观察到的这一现象，与前文构成转折关系，故选D项。 2．根据空前“At first glance the Zeigarnik Effect can seem like a handy adaptation: It’s good to remember the things we need to do, and it’s a positive thing to want to finish the things we start. (乍一看，蔡加尼克效应似乎是一个方便的适应；记住我们需要做的事情是件好事，想要完成我们开始的事情是一件积极的事情。）”以及后文“First, each incomplete task your brain reminds you about takes up a bit of your attention, making it harder to concentrate on whatever you’re currently working on. Second, even if we manage to physically disconnect from work, the Zeigarnik Effect ensures that our unfinished tasks follow us home. (首先，你大脑提醒你的每一项未完成的任务都会占用你的一点注意力，使你更难专注于你目前正在做的事情。其次，即使我们设法从身体上脱离工作，蔡加尼克效应也会确保我们未完成的任务会跟着我们回家。)”可知，此空承上启下，故C选项“当谈到我们的生产力时，这个问题是双重的。”符合，引出后文的提到的两方面的问题，一方面，大脑提醒你为完成的任务会让你很难专注你目前的事情，另一方面，即使身体上脱离了工作，但此效应也会让未完成的任务跟着我们回家，故选C项。 3．根据空前“They bring trouble to our vacations, our weekends, and even our sleep. (它们给我们的假期、周末甚至睡眠带来了麻烦。)”可知，前文提到蔡加尼克效应使我们未完成的任务会一直在精神上跟随我们，给我们的假期、周末甚至睡眠带来了麻烦，故F项“我们需要一种方法，在下班后的时间里，在精神上断开联系。”符合，因为这些未完成的任务在精神上跟着我们，给我们的假期、周末甚至睡眠带来了麻烦，因此我们需要一种方法，在下班后的时间里，在精神上断开联系，故选F项。 4．根据空后“Make a plan for tomorrow before you end the work day so your unfinished tasks don’t remain in your mind after-hours. . (在你结束一天的工作之前，为明天制定一个计划，这样你的未完成任务就不会在下班后留在你的脑海中。)”可知，空后提到制定第二天的计划，使自己精神上不被未完成的任务影响，故A选项“建立停工程序。”符合，提到建立停工程序即设定计划。故选A项。 5．根据空后“Therefore, review your completed tasks at the end of every week to celebrate what you’ve already. (因此，在每周末回顾一下你完成的任务，以庆祝你已经完成的任务。)”可知，此空与空后为因果关系，故E选项“我们总是很快就忘记了我们已经完成所有事情。”符合，与空后构成因果关系，我们总是很快就忘记了我们已经完成所有事情，因此我们需要每周回顾一下你完成的任务，以庆祝你已经完成的任务，故选E项。 (23-24高二下•山东聊城•期中) Find your new favorite hobby Challenging and fun hobbies have the power to make us happier and healthier. They can lead to better physical health, lower stress, greater life satisfaction, a larger social network and improve work performance. 1 But where do you start? Here are some tips on how to discover the hobbies you don’t yet know you’ll love. Ask yourself how you want to feel Hobbies present an escape — they can help you get out of your head and calm down. Ask yourself how you want an activity to make you feel. Mentally engaged? Distracted? Relaxed? Socially connected? 2 Recognize that you have different needs at different moments, and that’s OK. Start small 3 Try to figure out gradually if it’s right for you. You can always do more later. If you’re wondering if paintballing might be a good fit, join an outing or two with a local Meet-up group. Or sign up for a one-time pottery class rather than a set of eight. 4 When people feel guilty about spending time on leisure, they experience increased symptoms of depression and anxiety. Give yourself permission to do something that you like and keep in mind that if a hobby makes you healthier and happier, everyone around you will benefit. Think of discovering new hobbies as a way to add new dimensions to your life, and enjoy the process. Take a trip back in time When you were a kid, what did you want to be when you grew up? The answer could point you toward an appealing hobby. Revisit some activities you loved when you were young, like drawing, putting together model kits, collecting things or building clay figures, which is really helpful to start your new hobbies. 5 Keep a list Keep a list on your fridge or other things of all the things that strike you as interesting. Write down potential interests as they come to you, and you’ll have no shortage of options to explore when you’re ready. A．Remove guilt. B．Keep optimistic. C．Plus, they often promote connection with others. D．Those childhood delights can easily develop into adult hobbies. E．Don’t invest a ton of time and money in a new hobby immediately. F．You should keep an open mind and don’t ignore some potential hobbies. G．It’s also helpful to consider what your life is missing, like creativity or physical activity. 1．C 2．G 3．E 4．A 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了一些建议，即教你如何发现你还不知道自己会喜欢的爱好。 1．根据上文“They can lead to better physical health, lower stress, greater life satisfaction, a larger social network and improve work performance.”（它们可以带来更好的身体健康、更低的压力、更高的生活满意度、更大的社交网络和更好的工作表现。）可知，选项承接上文说明爱好带来的好处。故C选项“此外，他们经常促进与他人的联系”切题。故选C项。 2．根据下文“Recognize that you have different needs at different moments, and that’s OK.”（认识到你在不同的时刻有不同的需求，这是可以的。）可知，选项承接下文都在说明你生活中缺少的东西。故G选项“考虑一下你的生活缺少什么也很有帮助，比如创造力或体育活动”切题。different needs at different moments呼应what your life is missing。故选G项。 3．根据下文“Try to figure out gradually if it’s right for you. You can always do more later.”（试着逐渐弄清楚它是否适合你。你可以以后再做。）可知，选项承接上文说明的都是不急于去去从事新的爱好。故E选项“不要马上在一个新的爱好上投入大量的时间和金钱。”切题。故选E项。 4．根据下文“Give yourself permission to do something that you like and keep in mind that if a hobby makes you healthier and happier, everyone around you will benefit. Think of discovering new hobbies as a way to add new dimensions to your life, and enjoy the process.”（ 允许自己做自己喜欢的事情，记住，如果一个爱好能让你更健康、更快乐，你周围的每个人都会受益。把发现新的爱好看作是为你的生活增添新维度的一种方式，并享受这个过程。来一次时光倒流的旅行）可知，本段主要在讲消除内聚感。故A选项“消除内聚感”为本段的标题。故选A项。 5．根据上文“Revisit some activities you loved when you were young, like drawing, putting together model kits, collecting things or building clay figures, which is really helpful to start your new hobbies.”（重温你年轻时喜欢的一些活动，比如画画、组装模型、收集东西或制作泥人，这对你开始新的爱好很有帮助。）可知，选项承接上文说明上文可能产生的结果。故D选项“这些童年的乐趣很容易发展成成人的爱好。”切题。故选D项。 (23-24高二下•山东日照•期中)If you are an introverted (内向) person who tends to focus too much on yourself or stay quiet in public places, don’t feel annoyed. Bestselling author Susan Cain says that supporting introverts during childhood can help shape them into high-achieving adults. 1 The traditional model of leaders is seen as outgoing, talkative and brave — all typical features of extroverts. 2 Instead, it is believed that true leaders are driven by a desire to advance ideas and new ways of seeing the world or to improve conditions for a group of people. Moreover, “calm leaders” can resolve problems more effectively and better identify which risks are worth taking, thanks to their ability to deal with information and make decisions more carefully. In the introduction to her book, Cain shares a question she was asked all the time as a child: “Why are you so quiet?” It was usually asked out of concern, she noted. People took her silence as a sign of uneasiness or anger. In fact, she was just listening and observing her surroundings. 3 Cain says introverts make for the best listeners. As keen listeners, introverts can pick up on information that some extroverts might overlook. Unlike extroverts, introverts are not known for jumping to conclusions, and as a result, they tend to receive more attention and appreciation from audiences when they do speak. 4 However, introverts tend to contribute their best work and ideas on their own. “Introverts have an impressive ability to be independent,” Cain wrote. “We find strength in solitude (孤独) and are able to use our precious alone time to focus and concentrate.” 5 A．Listening is one of the necessary skills in life. B．It starts with recognizing their “hidden strengths”. C．Extroverts are known to perform well in group settings. D．In some way, observing is more important than listening. E．However, leaders need such kinds of abilities to make decisions. F．But leadership doesn’t need to be quite social or attention-seeking. G．This is why pushing introverted kids to do group projects ends up backfiring. 1．B 2．F 3．A 4．C 5．G 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了内向者(或称为“内向性格的人”)的优势和成长潜力。 1．上文“Bestselling author Susan Cain says that supporting introverts during childhood can help shape them into high-achieving adults.(畅销书作家苏珊·凯恩说，在童年时期支持内向的人可以帮助他们成长为成就卓越的成年人)”提出在童年时期支持内向的人可以帮助他们成长，B项“It starts with recognizing their “hidden strengths”.(首先要认识到他们“隐藏的优势”)”承接上文，介绍如何支持他们：认识到他们“隐藏的优势”。第二段“The traditional model of leaders is seen as outgoing, talkative and brave — all typical features of extroverts. 2 Instead, it is believed that true leaders are driven by a desire to advance ideas and new ways of seeing the world or to improve conditions for a group of people. Moreover, “calm leaders” can resolve problems more effectively and better identify which risks are worth taking, thanks to their ability to deal with information and make decisions more carefully.(传统的领导模式被认为是外向、健谈和勇敢的——这些都是外向者的典型特征。 2 。相反，人们相信，真正的领导者是被一种欲望所驱动的，这种欲望推动着他们提出想法，以新的方式看待世界，或者改善一群人的状况。此外，“冷静的领导者”可以更有效地解决问题，更好地识别哪些风险值得承担，这要感谢他们处理信息和更仔细地做出决策的能力)”对B项中“隐藏的优势”进行了详细说明，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。 2．上文“The traditional model of leaders is seen as outgoing, talkative and brave — all typical features of extroverts.(传统的领导模式被认为是外向、健谈和勇敢的——这些都是外向者的典型特征)”介绍对领导模式的传统认知，下文“Instead, it is believed that true leaders are driven by a desire to advance ideas and new ways of seeing the world or to improve conditions for a group of people. Moreover, “calm leaders” can resolve problems more effectively and better identify which risks are worth taking, thanks to their ability to deal with information and make decisions more carefully.(相反，人们相信，真正的领导者是被一种欲望所驱动的，这种欲望推动着他们提出想法，以新的方式看待世界，或者改善一群人的状况。此外，“冷静的领导者”可以更有效地解决问题，更好地识别哪些风险值得承担，这要感谢他们处理信息和更仔细地做出决策的能力)”提出另一种看法，“冷静的领导者”才是真正的领导者，上下文有转换关系。F项“But leadership doesn’t need to be quite social or attention-seeking.(但领导力并不需要非常社交化或引人注目)”承上启下，引出下文。故选F项。 3．上文“In fact, she was just listening and observing her surroundings.(事实上，她只是在倾听和观察她周围的环境)”中凯恩解释自己只是在倾听，A项“Listening is one of the necessary skills in life.(倾听是生活中必要的技能之一)”承接上文，说明倾听的重要性，上下文语意一致。故选A项。 4．根据下文“However, introverts tend to contribute their best work and ideas on their own.(然而，内向的人倾向于自己贡献他们最好的工作和想法)”可知，上下文有转折关系。下文讲内向的人的优势，与C项“Extroverts are known to perform well in group settings.(众所周知，外向的人在群体环境中表现良好)”讲外向的人的长处，上下文形成对比转折关系。故选C项。 5．上文““Introverts have an impressive ability to be independent,” Cain wrote. “We find strength in solitude (孤独) and are able to use our precious alone time to focus and concentrate.”(“内向的人有令人印象深刻的独立能力，”凯恩写道。“我们在孤独中找到力量，能够利用宝贵的独处时间来集中注意力。”)”中凯恩介绍了内向的人的特质：具有独立能力，能够利用宝贵的独处时间来集中注意力。G项“This is why pushing introverted kids to do group projects ends up backfiring.(这就是为什么强迫内向的孩子做小组项目最终会适得其反)”承接上文，说明因为这一特质，就不能强迫内向的孩子做小组项目，上下文语意一致。故选G项。 (23-24高二下•山东临沂•期中)It’s always heartbreaking to learn about a medical problem that’s largely been addressed in the United States but continues to trouble low-and middle-income countries. 1 It was a device developed by two former fellows with the Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign. This foot-operated resuscitator (呼吸机) was designed for clinicians who often must work alone when a newborn struggles to take a first breath. 2 When a newborn fails to breathe, one clinician holds a respirator (人工呼吸器) mask to the baby’s face while another person squeezes a ventilation (给肺提供空气) bag, pushing air into the baby’s lungs. But in low-and middle-income countries such as India, where staff is more limited, resuscitation is not so straightforward. An individual clinician commonly revives the baby alone, using one hand to perform three movements of jaw sticking, chin lift and neck leaning, sealing the respirator mask around the baby’s mouth, and using the other hand to squeeze the bag. 3 Avijit Bansal, MD, a pulmonologist from India, was well aware of this earlier. In 2011, he met a like-minded researcher and they began work on a solution. As the article notes: They developed NeoBreathe, a foot-operated resuscitator. 4 With the freed hand, the operator can multitask more efficiently. The device is now being used in the majority of India’s states, as well as in Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, and Mali. 5 A．It is helping save lives, and people are taking notice. B．That’s why it was inspiring to learn about the NeoBreathe. C．We have created a new way of performing an age-old procedure. D．Additionally, there are plans to introduce it in Peru, Chile and Argentina. E．Performing this procedure without assistance can have bad consequences. F．In the United States, saving a baby who suffers from birth choke is relatively simple. G．It frees one of the operator’s hands, cuts down on air leakage and significantly improves ventilation. 1．B 2．F 3．E 4．G 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种创新的医疗设备——脚动呼吸机（NeoBreathe）。 1．根据上文“It’s always heartbreaking to learn about a medical problem that’s largely been addressed in the United States but continues to trouble low-and middle-income countries.(当得知一个医疗问题在美国已经得到了很大程度的解决，但仍在困扰中低收入国家时，总是令人心碎。)”可知，上文提到在美国已经很大程度上解决了的医疗问题在低收入和中等收入国家仍然是一个问题，因此空处应该提到一个解决这个问题的新发明或方法。下文中的“a device”指代B项中的“the NeoBreathe”。B项：That’s why it was inspiring to learn about the NeoBreathe.(这就是为什么了解NeoBreathe鼓舞人心。)符合语境。故选B。 2．根据下文“When a newborn fails to breathe, one clinician holds a respirator (人工呼吸器) mask to the baby’s face while another person squeezes a ventilation (给肺提供空气) bag, pushing air into the baby’s lungs.(当新生儿呼吸困难时，一个临床医生把一个呼吸面罩放在婴儿的脸上，而另一个人挤压通气袋，将空气推入婴儿的肺部。)”可知，上文描述在美国处理新生儿呼吸困难这种情况的方式，所以空格处应该是一个引入话题的句子。F项：In the United States, saving a baby who suffers from birth choke is relatively simple.(在美国，挽救一个患有出生窒息症的婴儿相对简单。)符合语境。故选F。 3．根据上文“But in low-and middle-income countries such as India, where staff is more limited, resuscitation is not so straightforward. An individual clinician commonly revives the baby alone, using one hand to perform three movements of jaw sticking, chin lift and neck leaning, sealing the respirator mask around the baby’s mouth, and using the other hand to squeeze the bag.(但在印度等人员更为有限的中低收入国家，复苏并非那么简单。个别临床医生通常单独救活婴儿，用一只手做粘颚、抬下巴和靠脖子三个动作，将呼吸面罩封在婴儿嘴巴周围，用另一只手挤压袋子。)”可知，在一些中低收入国家，没有助手的帮助进行复苏这种操作可能会产生不良后果。E项：Performing this procedure without assistance can have bad consequences.(在没有帮助的情况下执行此程序可能会产生不良后果。)符合语境。故选E。 4．根据上文“They developed NeoBreathe, a foot-operated resuscitator.(他们开发了NeoBreathe，一个脚动复苏器。)”和下文“With the freed hand, the operator can multitask more efficiently.(有了空闲的手，操作员可以更有效地进行多任务处理。)”可知，空处说明NeoBreathe的优点。下文中的“With the freed hand”和G项中的“It frees one of the operator’s hands”对应。G项：It frees one of the operator’s hands, cuts down on air leakage and significantly improves ventilation.(它解放了操作人员的一只手，减少了漏风，显著改善了通风。)符合语境。故选G。 5．根据上文“The device is now being used in the majority of India’s states, as well as in Kenya, South Africa, Nigeria, and Mali.(该设备目前在印度的大多数州以及肯尼亚、南非、尼日利亚和马里使用。)”可知，空处承接上文，提出更多的国家计划引入这种技术。D项：Additionally, there are plans to introduce it in Peru, Chile and Argentina.(此外，秘鲁、智利和阿根廷也计划引入这种技术。)符合语境。故选D。 (23-24高二下•山东潍坊•期中)Far too many people — even hardcore (铁杆) exercisers — view stretching as an annoying and optional thing for bookending their workouts. Even worse, it’s something that they skip after exercise for no other reason than they can’t be bothered to actually do it. 1 So who cares about going through a boring stretching routine? Well, we all should. Science shows that stretching isn’t actually literal — you’re not even “stretching” your muscles at all. 2 That does wonders for both your joints and your muscles. 3 Whether you’ve been walking the steps at your nearest high-school football stadium or you’ve gone through an amazing weightlifting routine, it’s vital for you to take a few minutes to stretch after sweating. If you don’t stretch, it doesn’t do your body any favors. What happens to your body when you skip your post-exercise stretching? You could feel sick. You won’t be surprised to know that when you exercise, you raise your heart rate for a period  of time. After physical activity, your heart is still beating faster than normal, your body temperature is higher and your blood vessels are dilated (扩张). 4 Your muscles will likely become inflexible and more sore. When you exercise your muscles, it produces an inflammatory (炎症) response in the form of lactic acid (乳酸). 5 When you rest or recover, your body naturally breaks down and gets rid of that lactic acid. One thing that helps your body handle that lactic acid is stretching. It helps you distribute oxygen throughout your body and muscles, which can reduce lactic acid production and rid your muscles of any accumulation of lactic acid. A．Stretching helps your blood flow. B．In fact, it reduces your risk of injury. C．Stretching is crucial after a workout. D．This means if you stop too fast, you could pass out. E．It is actually what causes your muscles to become sore. F．After all, you’ve just exercised and your body feels warm, loose, and great. G．The true purpose is to lengthen and mobilize the connective tissue around your muscle. 1．F 2．G 3．C 4．D 5．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了锻炼后拉伸的重要性以及如何拉伸。 1．根据上文“Far too many people — even hardcore (铁杆) exercisers — view stretching as an annoying and optional thing for bookending their workouts. Even worse, it’s something that they skip after exercise for no other reason than they can’t be bothered to actually do it.(很多人——甚至是铁杆锻炼者——都认为伸展运动是一件令人讨厌的事，是结束锻炼时的可有可无的事情。更糟糕的是，他们在运动后没有别的原因，只是因为他们懒得去做)”可知，本句承接上文，说明为什么人们不愿意运动会放松的原因。故F选项“毕竟，你刚刚锻炼完，你的身体感觉温暖、放松、棒极了”符合语境，故选F。 2．根据上文“Well, we all should. Science shows that stretching isn’t actually literal — you’re not even “stretching” your muscles at all.(我们都应该这么做。科学表明，拉伸实际上并不是字面上的意思——你甚至根本没有“拉伸”你的肌肉)”可知，本句承接上文，继续说明拉伸的作用。故G选项“真正的目的是延长和调动肌肉周围的结缔组织”符合语境，故选G。 3．根据上文“That does wonders for both your joints and your muscles(这对你的关节和肌肉都有好处)”以及后文“Whether you’ve been walking the steps at your nearest high-school football stadium or you’ve gone through an amazing weightlifting routine, it’s vital for you to take a few minutes to stretch after sweating.(无论你是在最近的高中足球场散步，还是完成了惊人的举重训练，在出汗后花几分钟伸展一下是至关重要的)”可知，本句为过渡句，引申出后文拉伸重要的观点。故C选项“运动后伸展是至关重要的”符合语境，故选C。 4．根据上文“You could feel sick. You won’t be surprised to know that when you exercise, you raise your heart rate for a period of time. After physical activity, your heart is still beating faster than normal, your body temperature is higher and your blood vessels are dilated (扩张).(你可能会感到恶心。当你运动时，你的心率会提高一段时间，你不会感到惊讶。在体育活动之后，你的心脏仍然比正常情况下跳动得更快，你的体温更高，血管扩张)”可知，上文提到体育活动之后心脏比正常情况下跳动得更快，你的体温更高，血管扩张，推测本句针对上文说明这一身体状况下，体育活动停止会给身体带来的影响。故D选项“意思是如果你停太快，你可能会晕过去”符合语境，故选D。 5．根据上文“When you exercise your muscles, it produces an inflammatory (炎症) response in the form of lactic acid (乳酸).(当你锻炼肌肉时，它会以乳酸的形式产生炎症反应)”以及后文“When you rest or recover, your body naturally breaks down and gets rid of that lactic acid.(当你休息或恢复时，你的身体会自然分解并消除乳酸)”可知，本句承接上文，说明炎症反应对身体的影响。故E选项“它实际上是导致你肌肉酸痛的原因”符合语境，故选E。 (23-24高二下•山东菏泽•期中)The Ancient Tea Horse Road (in China) was a trade road mainly through Yunnan, Sichuan, and Xizang. 1 From the 6th century to the 20th century, people in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces traveled by foot and on horseback to exchange tea for horses with people in Xizang. Walking on the road, you can still see the deep marks in stones left by the stepping of horses’ hooves (马蹄) over the centuries. The Ancient Tea Horse Road was impressive. However, for travelers, transportation was very difficult in the southwest because there were lots of high mountains, climbable only by narrow roads, and rapid rivers to cross. Wheeled or waterway transportation was nearly impossible. 2 The Tea Horse Road originated from the traditional “tea-for-horse” trade between Han and Tibetan people. The trade began with Tibetan interest in tea in the Tang Dynasty. 3 Some places in Sichuan, such as Mingshan, had a specialized government department to manage the tea-horse trade. 4 The Sichuan-Xizang Tea Horse Road started from Ya’an in Sichuan to Lhasa, traveled through Luding, Kangding, Batang, and Chamdo in Xizang, and continued to Nepal, Burma, and India.The Yunnan-Xizang Tea Horse Road began from a major tea-producing area in Yunnan and led to Lhasa in Xizang, crossing Pu’er in Xishuangbanna, Dali, Lijiang, and Shangri-La, and continuing to Nepal, Burma, and India. With the rapid development of modern roads, the ancient pathways have been taken the place of by the Sichuan-Xizang Highway and other Tibetan roads. 5 It makes people return to nature, enjoy a trip for harmony between humans and the environment and experience a trip of adventure and discovery. A．Slowly, the tea horse road wasn’t used. B．During the Song Dynasty, it further developed. C．However, the road has a number of stories to tell. D．It was created by humans with their feet and horses with their hooves. E．Therefore, few people in ancient times could finish the whole journey. F．However, traveling along the Ancient Tea Horse Road is becoming popular. G．Generally speaking, the Ancient Tea Horse Road was divided into two major roads. 1．D 2．E 3．B 4．G 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了茶马古道的历史、路线以及受欢迎度。 1．根据上文“The Ancient Tea Horse Road (in China) was a trade road mainly through Yunnan, Sichuan, and Xizang.”（茶马古道(在中国)是一条主要穿越云南、四川和西藏的贸易之路）根据下文“From the 6th century to the 20th century, people in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces traveled by foot and on horseback to exchange tea for horses with people in Xizang.”（从6世纪到20世纪，四川和云南的人们徒步或骑马与西藏人交换茶和马。）可知，选项承接上文说明茶马古道的形成。故D选项“它是由有脚的人和有蹄的马走出来的。故选D项。 2．根据上文“However, for travelers, transportation was very difficult in the southwest because there were lots of high mountains, climbable only by narrow roads,and rapid rivers to cross. Wheeled or waterway transportation was nearly impossible.”（然而，对于旅行者来说，西南地区的交通非常困难，因为那里有许多高山，只能通过狭窄的道路才能攀登，而且还要穿越湍急的河流。轮式或水路运输几乎是不可能的）可知，选项与上文为因果关系。故E选项“因此，古代很少有人能走完全程”切题。故选E项。 3．根据上文“The trade began with Tibetan interest in tea in the Tang Dynasty.”（ 这种贸易始于唐朝时西藏人对茶叶的兴趣）可知，选项承接上文说明茶马古道的发展过程，故B选项“宋代，它进一步发展”切题。故选B项。 4．根据下文“The Sichuan-Xizang Tea Horse Road started from Ya’an in Sichuan to Lhasa, traveled through Luding, Kangding, Batang, and Chamdo in Xizang, and continued to Nepal, Burma, and India.The Yunnan-Xizang Tea Horse Road began from a major tea-producing area in Yunnan and led to Lhasa in Xizang, crossing Pu’er in Xishuangbanna, Dali, Lijiang, and Shangri-La, and continuing to Nepal, Burma, and India.”（藏茶马之路起于四川雅安至拉萨，途经西藏的泸定、康定、巴塘、昌都，一直延伸至尼泊尔、缅甸、印度。滇藏茶马之路起于云南主要产茶地区，经西双版纳普洱、大理、丽江、香格里拉，至尼泊尔、缅甸、印度。）本段在说明茶马古道的两条线路。故G选项“一般来说，茶马古道分为两条主要道路”切题，引起下文。故选G项。 5．根据上文“With the rapid development of modern roads, the ancient pathways have been taken the place of by the Sichuan-Xizang Highway and other Tibetan roads.”（随着现代道路的迅速发展，古道已被川藏公路和其他藏区道路所取代）可知，选项承接上文尽管古道已被川藏公路和其他藏区道路所取代，但是人们还是喜欢来此旅行。故F选项“然而，沿着茶马古道旅行越来越受欢迎”切题。故选F项 (23-24高二下•山东烟台•期中)Human beings need interpersonal connection. But, in fact, learning how to let go of that pressure to be accompanied has unique upsides. Time alone allows you to reconnect with your own intentions. 1 Start small. Figure out what you’d be most comfortable doing, whether it’s sitting at a local restaurant for dinner, or hitting up the bar, and do that. 2 Bring a book or a journal. 3 When feeling you’re so alone and stressed in a cafe, you have an activity to engage in. Plus, the act of reading or journaling can direct your attention and help you tackle and calm such feelings. Set your phone aside. Looking through social media or texting instantly takes your mind out of the present moment. Even if you’re not directly interacting with people while on your phone, you’re probably interacting with their thoughts or inputs. 4 This way you can let your body down-regulate and reset. Do an activity you love. You can sign. up for an art class or workout program or volunteer group without anyone else you know. 5 And part of the full-circle joy of doing things completely for yourself is that it also brings you opportunities to meet new people, and form new, beautiful connections. A．They’re helpful tools for beginners. B．Here are tips for your self-acceptance. C．It’s vital to tear yourself away from that. D．Independence needn’t always equal privacy. E．Ways of enjoying your own company are as follows. F．Even so, it may feel awkward and strange to hang out alone. G．Focus on that one outing as your single goal, and then another. 1．E 2．G 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述享受独处的一些方法。 1．由上文“But, in fact, learning how to let go of that pressure to be accompanied has unique upsides. Time alone allows you to reconnect with your own intentions.(但事实上，学会如何释放陪伴的压力有其独特的好处。独处的时间可以让你重新与自己的意图联系起来。)”可知，这里主要讲独处的益处。而E项Ways of enjoying your own company are as follows.(享受自己陪伴的方式如下。)符合语境，其中your own company与上文Time alone 对应，而as follows有启下作用。故选E项。 2．由上文“Start small. Figure out what you’d be most comfortable doing, whether it’s sitting at a local restaurant for dinner, or hitting up the bar, and do that. (从小处着手。弄清楚你做什么最舒服，无论是坐在当地餐馆吃饭，还是去酒吧，然后去做。)”可知，这里主要讲弄清楚你做什么最舒服，然后去做。而G项Focus on that one outing as your single goal, and then another.(把注意力集中在一次郊游上作为你的单一目标，然后再集中在另一次。)符合语境，其中 one outing与上文what you’d be most comfortable doing对应。所以有承上作用。故选G项。 3．由下文“When feeling you’re so alone and stressed in a cafe, you have an activity to engage in. Plus, the act of reading or journaling can direct your attention and help you tackle and calm such feelings.(当你在咖啡馆里感到孤独和压力时，你有一项活动可以参与。此外，阅读或写日记可以引导你的注意力，帮助你处理和平息这种情绪。)”可知，这里主要讲阅读或写日记的作用，而A项They’re helpful tools for beginners.(它们对初学者很有用。)符合语境，其中They指代上文a book or a journal，而helpful指代后文内容，所以有承上启下作用。故选A项。 4．由上文“Looking through social media or texting instantly takes your mind out of the present moment. Even if you’re not directly interacting with people while on your phone, you’re probably interacting with their thoughts or inputs. (浏览社交媒体或发短信会让你立刻忘记当下。即使你在手机上没有直接与人互动，你也可能在与他们的想法或输入互动。)”可知，这里主要讲手机对独处的影响。而C项It’s vital to tear yourself away from that.(把自己从这中解脱出来是至关重要的。)符合语境，其中that指代上文phone，且本句对上句有总结作用。故选C项。 5．由上文“Do an activity you love. You can sign up for an art class or workout program or volunteer group without anyone else you know.(做一项你喜欢的活动。你可以报名参加艺术课、锻炼计划或志愿者小组，而其中没有其他你认识的人。)”可知，这里主要讲要积极参加一些活动，而D项Independence needn’t always equal privacy.(独处并不总是等于隐私。)符合语境，独处并不能完全在乎隐私和不去结交新的朋友，也需要接触外界，所以本句有承上启下作用。故选D项。 (23-24高二下•山东济宁•期中) The Best Ways to Deal with Awkward Silences We all know what it’s like when a conversation dies off and you’re left to sit in silence together. There’s only one word to describe it: Awkward! 1 . Here are some ways to deal with the silences. Think of topics ahead of time. Before attending a social event, think of a few “‘go-to” topics to jumpstart a dead conversation. 2 . So you aren’t scrambling (绞尽脑汁) for words in the moment. People who share your interest in a sport or hobby can be the easiest to talk to. Ask open-ended questions. Open-ended questions have more than one possible answer, so they are likely to get the person talking more than asking a question that will result in a short response. Ask “ 3 ?” instead of asking “Did you like your high school?” Make a general statement to fill the silence. Find something casual (随意的) to comment on if things start getting awkward. 4 . If you are having a meal together, you could say something about the food: “Is it me, or is this the best salad place in town?” Not only does that break the silence, but raising a question gives the other person a chance to respond. 5 . This is always a safe bet, as long as it’s appropriate. For example, you could say, “ I’ve been meaning to tell you I really like your shirt. Where did you get it?” This could move the conversation in another direction while making the other person feel good. Stick to complimenting (赞扬) someone’s personality or achievements if you’re trying to make small talk. A．Give a compliment B．Create a conversation C．This will help you to fill the silences D．What did you like about your highschool E．The open-ended questions are adapted to you F．A good way to do this is to make a comment of observation G．Thankfully, filling these silences isn’t as difficult as it may seem 1．G 2．C 3．D 4．F 5．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种处理尴尬沉默的方法。 1．根据上文“We all know what it’s like when a conversation dies off and you’re left to sit in silence together. There’s only one word to describe it: Awkward!(我们都知道，当谈话结束，你们只能静静地坐在一起是什么感觉。只有一个词可以形容：尴尬！)”结合后文是填补尴尬沉默的方法，可知，本句主要说明填补尴尬沉默并不是那么困难，故G选项“值得庆幸的是，填补这些沉默并不像看起来那么困难”符合语境，故选G。 2．根据上文“Think of topics ahead of time. Before attending a social event, think of a few “go-to” topics to jumpstart a dead conversation.(提前想好话题。在参加社交活动之前，想几个“热门”话题来开始一场无聊的谈话)”以及后文“So you aren’t scrambling (绞尽脑汁) for words in the moment. People who share your interest in a sport or hobby can be the easiest to talk to.(这样你就不用在此时绞尽脑汁地找词了。在某项运动或爱好上和你有共同兴趣的人是最容易交谈的)”可知，本句主要解释准备话题能帮助你填补尴尬沉默，故C选项“这将帮助你填补沉默”符合语境，故选C。 3．根据上文“Ask open-ended questions. Open-ended questions have more than one possible answer, so they are likely to get the person talking more than asking a question that will result in a short response.(问开放式的问题。开放式问题有不止一个可能的答案，所以他们可能会让对方说得更多，而不是问一个会导致简短回答的问题)”以及后文“instead of asking “Did you like your high school?”(而不是问“你喜欢你的高中吗？”)”可知，本句主要针对问正确的开放问题进行举例说明。故D选项“你喜欢你高中的什么”符合语境，故选D。 4．根据上文“Find something casual (随意的) to comment on if things start getting awkward.(如果事情开始变得尴尬，找一些随意的话题来评论)”以及后文“If you are having a meal together, you could say something about the food: “Is it me, or is this the best salad place in town?” Not only does that break the silence, but raising a question gives the other person a chance to respond.(如果你们在一起吃饭，你可以谈论食物：“是我的问题，还是这是镇上最好的沙拉店？”这不仅打破了沉默，而且提出问题也给了对方一个回应的机会)”可知，空格前面句子提到，如果事情开始变得尴尬，找一些随意的话题来评论。空格处后面的句子是参加晚宴对食物的评论，也就是说，与人沟通时为了不造成尴尬，你可以对看到的事物做一番评论，故F选项“这样做的一个好方法是对观察结果进行评论”符合语境，故选F。 5．根据后文“This is always a safe bet, as long as it’s appropriate. For example, you could say, “ I’ve been meaning to tell you I really like your shirt. Where did you get it?” This could move the conversation in another direction while making the other person feel good. Stick to complimenting (赞扬) someone’s personality or achievements if you’re trying to make small talk.(只要合适，这总是一个安全的赌注。例如，你可以说，“我一直想告诉你，我真的很喜欢你的衬衫。你从哪儿买的？”这可以使谈话转向另一个方向，同时使对方感觉良好。如果你想和别人闲聊，那就赞美他的个性或成就吧)”可知，本段讲述的是，如果你想和别人闲聊，就要赞美他，这可以使对方感觉良好，故A选项“赞美”符合语境，故选A。 (23-24高二下•山东淄博•期中)Perhaps you’ve stopped doing what you want because you’re afraid of what others think of you. You feel that you must do what they expect and that you must meet their expectations, otherwise you’ll lose their approval. If this is the case, it’s time to start working on your self-esteem (自尊). 1 . Think about yourself, about what you really like and are interested in. You must lead your life independently. You must do what you want without being affected by what others think. 2 , because you’ve always done everything to gain the approval of others. You need to get out of that zone, move to new places, and explore your full potential. By surrounding yourself with people who think like you, you’ll realize that you don’t feel judged. Then, you’ll start doing what you really want. 3 . Your new friends will integrate into your life and you’ll also keep your genuine friends. On the other hand, those who are always ready to see the negative and question what you’re trying to do will gradually fade away. To overcome your fear of what others think and of their non-approval, you should start talking about your plans. 4 . By talking to them, you’ll be able to organize your plans and ideas. You’ll feel confident in yourself and you’ll be able to go on your new path without any fear. 5 . You’ll find barriers along your way. However, you must trust in yourself and seek the necessary strength to move forward. People in your environment often don’t understand what you do no matter how much you explain it, so ignore them. A．However, you might feel afraid to do it B．There is no need to think about what you want C．You don’t have to change your circle of friends D．Then, you’ll be able to do what you want freely E．Your life belongs to you, as well as your actions F．It’s unavoidable that not everything will be plain sailing G．For instance, you could share your intention with your friends 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．G 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对如何培养自尊从而做任何自己想做的事情提出了几点建议。 1．根据前文“Perhaps you’ve stopped doing what you want because you’re afraid of what others think of you. You feel that you must do what they expect and that you must meet their expectations, otherwise you’ll lose their approval. If this is the case, it’s time to start working on your self-esteem (自尊).(也许你已经停止做你想做的事，因为你害怕别人对你的看法。你觉得你必须按照他们的期望去做，你必须达到他们的期望，否则你会失去他们的认可。如果是这样的话，是时候开始培养你的自尊了。)”可知，此处是讲培养自己的自尊，自由地做自己想做的事情，所以选项D“然后，你就可以自由地做你想做的事了”切合文意。故选D。 2．根据后文“because you’ve always done everything to gain the approval of others(因为你做任何事都是为了获得别人的认可)”和前文“You must lead your life independently. You must do what you want without being affected by what others think.(你必须独立生活。你必须做自己想做的事，不要被别人的想法所影响。)”可知，此处是指因为在意别人的眼光而不敢做自己想做的事情，所以选项A“然而，你可能会害怕这样做”切合文意。故选A。 3．根据后文“Your new friends will integrate into your life and you’ll also keep your genuine friends.(你的新朋友会融入你的生活，你也会保留你真正的朋友。)”可知，此处是指不需要改变自己的朋友圈子，所以选项C“你不必改变你的朋友圈”切合文意。故选C。 4．根据前文“To overcome your fear of what others think and of their non-approval, you should start talking about your plans.(为了克服你对别人的想法和不赞成的恐惧，你应该开始谈论你的计划。)”和后文“By talking to them, you’ll be able to organize your plans and ideas.(通过与他们交谈，你将能够组织你的计划和想法。)”可知，此处是指和朋友谈论自己的计划和想法，所以选项G“例如，你可以和你的朋友分享你的意图”切合文意。故选G。 5．根据后文“You’ll find barriers along your way.(你会在前进的道路上遇到障碍。)”可知，此处是指凡事也不会都一帆风顺，所以选项F“不可避免的是，并非所有事情都会一帆风顺”切合文意。故选F。 (23-24高二下•山东枣庄•期中)You may or may not be aware of this, but reading fiction is highly beneficial, and there are scientific studies to back this up. 1 Read on to discover more reasons to continue reading and rereading your favourite fiction masterpieces. Your imagination can be significantly improved and developed when reading fiction. Imagination allows you to be more creative. 2 What’s more, the ability to imagine things influences everything a person does, thinks about and creates, regardless of their professions. Empathy (共鸣) is all about standing in someone else’s shoes and seeing things from their point of view. So developing a relationship with the characters and becoming interested in the journey they are going through can help you do that after you’ve closed the book. 3 Reading fiction improves people’s mood considerably and brings it to a pleasurable state. It even provides health benefits and relaxation. Regular readers have lower stress levels, lower rates of depression. 4 When you read, you expose yourself to new vocabulary and new language. You might even get to read from authors who have different local languages and speech patterns! Who said learning can’t happen under a cozy blanket while holding a book in one hand and hot cocoa in the other? 5 The psychology of reading fiction is often explored, so clearly others are curious as well. And when a person indirectly experiences an event related to an emotion, for example, if they read about what happens to a character and how they feel about it, the same region of the brain is activated as if they experienced the event themselves. A．It can also help you with your problem—solving skills. B．Reading fiction can help you master multiple languages at the same time. C．Reading fiction also helps you build your language skills and vocabulary. D．The relationship with the characters makes you think more about others. E．A recent study showed that reading fiction can enrich one’s world view. F．Have you ever wondered what happens in your brain when you read fiction? G．Why does reading fiction have such an effect on improving one’s imagination? 1．E 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了阅读小说的益处。 1．上文“You may or may not be aware of this, but reading fiction is highly beneficial, and there are scientific studies to back this up. (你可能意识到，也可能没有意识到，但阅读小说是非常有益的，有科学研究支持这一点。)”说明科学研究表明阅读小说很有益，选项E“最近的一项研究表明阅读小说可以丰富一个人的世界观。”进一步具体说明阅读小说的益处。故选E项。 2．上文“Imagination allows you to be more creative. (想象力让你更有创造力。)”说明想象力的一种作用，选项A “它还能帮助你提高解决问题的能力。”承接上文，说明想象力的另一作用。故选A项。 3．上文“So developing a relationship with the characters and becoming interested in the journey they are going through can help you do that after you’ve closed the book. (因此，在你合上书后，与人物角色建立一种关系，并对他们所经历的旅程产生兴趣，可以帮助你做到这一点。)”说明读小说可以帮助与人物角色建立一种关系，选项D“与人物角色的关系使你更多地为他人着想。”承接上文，说明建立这种关系的作用，选项中The relationship with the characters和上文中a relationship with the characters词汇重叠，语义一致。故选D项。 4．下文“When you read, you expose yourself to new vocabulary and new language. (当你阅读的时候，你接触到了新的词汇和新的语言。)”说明阅读时会接触到新的词汇语言，选项C“读小说也能帮助你提高语言技能和词汇量。”和下文是因果关系，是下文的结果，阅读时会接触到新的词汇语言，所以可以帮助提高语言技能。故选C项。 5．下文“The psychology of reading fiction is often explored, so clearly others are curious as well. And when a person indirectly experiences an event related to an emotion, for example, if they read about what happens to a character and how they feel about it, the same region of the brain is activated as if they experienced the event themselves.(阅读小说的心理经常被探索，所以很明显其他人也很好奇。当一个人间接地经历与情感相关的事件时，例如，如果他们读到一个人物角色发生了什么以及他们对此的感受，大脑的同一区域就会被激活，就好像他们自己经历了这件事一样。)”回答了阅读小说的时候，大脑会发生什么的问题，选项F“你有没有想过，当你读小说的时候，你的大脑会发生什么？”提出读小说的时候，大脑会发生什么的问题。故选F项。 (23-24高二下•山东潍坊•期中)At age four, I found a garden behind the kitchen. My eyes became glued to the patterns of roses across my childhood landscape. I saw them and felt a sense of joy and adventure. 1 When spring arrived, I ran so fast through the house, speeding ahead of my mother’s voice. I dashed out of the front door and threw myself on a fresh carpet of grass. Excited, I bounced to my feet and had three more cartwheels before landing by her side. 2 And I sat beside her, playing with mud pies in the flower bed. Work done, she rewarded me with an ice-cold glass of bittersweet lemonade. 3 She fed love to a generation of people with purple peas and greens. She encouraged me to go anywhere in the world that would make me happy. Since then. I have planted her gardens through art installations (装置) throughout the world, in countries of the people that I meet. Now they are lining parks and courtyards, painted on walls and even in bare lots off the street. Gardening has taught me that planting and growing a garden is the same process as creating our lives. It begins in the spring, when you break up the soil and start anew. 4 The gardener must then make sure that the proper nutrients are correctly mixed in the soil. Then it’s important to aerate the topsoil and leave it loosely packed on the surface. When our gardens are balanced with care, we can harvest the beauty of living a life of grace. 5 So cultivate (培育) your garden for giving and plant those seeds for the future. The garden is the world living deep inside of you. A．My life was completely transformed. B．Mother dear was in the garden busy breaking up the soil. C．My mother cooked with the colors and textures of her garden. D．The workman was busy when the garden caught my attention. E．Then it’s time to clear out the dead leaves and roots of the winter. F．My passion and connection to garden started at that exact moment. G．Gardens are a mirror that cast their own reflection into our real lives. 1．F 2．B 3．C 4．E 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者喜爱园艺以及园艺带来的启发。 1．根据上文“At age four, I found a garden behind the kitchen. My eyes became glued to the patterns of roses across my childhood landscape. I saw them and felt a sense of joy and adventure.(四岁时，我在厨房后面发现了一个花园。我目不转睛地盯着儿时风景中玫瑰花的图案。我看到他们，感到一种喜悦和冒险的感觉)”可知，上文提到四岁的作者看到花园感到喜悦和冒险，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，说明作者对于花园的热爱。故F选项“我对园艺的热情和联系就是在那一刻开始的”符合语境，故选F。 2．根据上文“When spring arrived, I ran so fast through the house, speeding ahead of my mother’s voice. I dashed out of the front door and threw myself on a fresh carpet of grass. Excited, I bounced to my feet and had three more cartwheels before landing by her side.(春天来了，我飞快地跑过房子，跑在妈妈的声音前面。我冲出前门，扑倒在一片新铺的草地上。我兴奋地跳了起来，又翻了三个侧手翻，才落在她身边)”以及后文“And I sat beside her, playing with mud pies in the flower bed. Work done, she rewarded me with an ice-cold glass of bittersweet lemonade.(我坐在她旁边，在花坛里玩泥饼。工作完成后，她赏给我一杯冰镇的苦乐参半的柠檬水)”可知，本段主要描写了作者和妈妈在花园里，后文描写了作者，推测本句是在描写妈妈。故B选项“亲爱的妈妈在花园里忙着耙土”符合语境，故选B。 3．根据本段内容“She fed love to a generation of people with purple peas and greens. She encouraged me to go anywhere in the world that would make me happy. Since then, I have planted her gardens through art installations (装置) throughout the world, in countries of the people that I meet. Now they are lining parks and courtyards, painted on walls and even in bare lots off the street.(她用紫豌豆和青菜喂养了一代人的爱。她鼓励我去世界上任何能让我快乐的地方。从那时起，我在世界各地，在我遇到的人们的国家，通过艺术装置种植了她的花园。现在，它们出现在公园和庭院里，画在墙上，甚至出现在街边的空地上)”可知，本段主要描述了妈妈是如何利用花园里的色彩以及材料装饰生活的，故C选项“我母亲用花园的颜色和质地做饭”符合语境，故选C。 4．根据上文“Gardening has taught me that planting and growing a garden is the same process as creating our lives. It begins in the spring, when you break up the soil and start anew.(园艺教会了我，种植和培育花园与创造我们的生活是一样的过程。它开始于春天，当你打破土壤，重新开始)”可知，本段主要描述了园艺的过程，且上文提到了春天开始，推测本句说明冬天结束。故E选项“然后是时候清理冬天的枯叶和枯根了”符合语境，故选E。 5．根据上文“When our gardens are balanced with care, we can harvest the beauty of living a life of grace. (当我们的花园细心平衡时，我们就能收获优雅生活的美)”以及后文“So cultivate (培育) your garden for giving and plant those seeds for the future. The garden is the world living deep inside of you.(因此，为给予而耕种你的花园，为未来播下这些种子。花园是生活在你内心深处的世界)”可知，本段主要是通过园艺联系到生活，指出花园给生活所带来的反思。故G选项“花园是一面镜子，把自己的倒影投射到我们的现实生活中”符合语境，故选G。 (23-24高二下•山东济宁•期中)There’s an art to arranging pictures on a wall. The first step is to think about what you’re trying to achieve: 1 Are you trying to arouse curiosity or attract people’s attention to a particular artwork? Once you’ve identified the goal, let the following general principles guide you. Get the height right Conventional wisdom says art should be hung at eye level. 2 So a basic rule is to hang pieces so that their centers are 56 to 60 inches above the floor. And if the art is going over furniture, aim to hang it 8 to 10 inches from the top of the sofa or whatever piece is beneath it. Whatever height you choose, keep in mind: from a psychological perspective, if it’s a scene from nature, for example, it’s most relaxing if it seems like we can step into it. Take care when grouping pieces When grouping art pieces to create a gallery wall, give priority to the thing that is most special. Be mindful of the space between the frames, ensuring there is a visually equal distance between one another. A good rule is to aim for two inches apart with smaller items, and at most six inches apart with larger works. 3 Find a coherent thread When arranging artwork in a group, look for one or two elements that repeat between the pieces, whether it’s a similar color, or a particular style of frame. When they all share this common characteristic, the brain says, “Oh, this was meant to be,”—it becomes easier to process what you’re looking at. Create balance and symmetry(对称) 4 A 2018 study from the University of Vienna found that both art history and psychology students at the university level prefer symmetrical patterns with art over asymmetrical ones; In other experiments, researchers in Rome found that visual symmetry even leads to positive mood changes in viewers. 5 Before you commit to the arrangement you have in mind by hammering (捶打) holes into a wall, lay out what you plan on the floor in advance to get a sense of how it will look. Consider this a rehearsal (彩排) for your personal art show, Once you have the right arrangement, hammer away. A．Give it a trial run B．Make a proper arrangement C．They are two important elements. D．Research shows that humans prefer symmetry. E．In this case, it brings people a harmonious visual effect. F．But “eye level” means different things to different people. G．Are you trying to be surprising with your picture placement? 1．G 2．F 3．E 4．D 5．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文就如何把画挂在墙上提出几点建议。 1．根据上文“The first step is to think about what you’re trying to achieve”（第一步是想想你想要达到什么效果）以及下文“Are you trying to arouse curiosity or attract people’s attention to a particular artwork?”（你是想引起人们对某件艺术品的好奇心还是想吸引人们的注意力?）可知吗，选项承接上文说明达到什么样的效果且与下文为并列关系。故G选项“你想让你的图片位置让人惊讶吗?”切题。故选G项。 2．根据上文“Conventional wisdom says art should be hung at eye level.”（传统观念认为，艺术品应该悬挂在眼睛的高度）以及下文“So a basic rule is to hang pieces so that their centers are 56 to 60 inches above the floor.”（ 所以一个基本的规则是，把画挂起来，让它们的中心高出地面56到60英寸）可知，对于“艺术品应该悬挂在眼睛的高度”人们有不同的标准，所以引起了下文的基本规则。故F选项“但是“眼睛的高度”对不同的人有不同的含义”切题。故选F项。 3．根据上文“A good rule is to aim for two inches apart with smaller items, and at most six inches apart with larger works”（一个好的规则是，较小的物品间隔2英寸，较大的物品间隔最多6英寸）可知，选项承接上文说明这么做的作用是什么。故E选项“在这种情况下，它给人们带来了和谐的视觉效果”切题。故选E项。 4．根据下文“A 2018 study from the University of Vienna found that both art history and psychology students at the university level prefer symmetrical patterns with art over asymmetrical ones”（维也纳大学2018年的一项研究发现，大学艺术史和心理学专业的学生都更喜欢对称的图案，而不是不对称的图案）可知，人们更喜欢对称感。故D选项“研究表明，人类更喜欢对称”切题。与下文话题一致。故选D项。 5．根据下文“Before you commit to the arrangement you have in mind by hammering (捶打) holes into a wall, lay out what you plan on the floor in advance to get a sense of how it will look.”（在你打算在墙上打洞之前，先把你的计划放在地板上，了解一下它会是什么样子）可知，本段告诉我们要做适当的安排。故B选项“做适当的安排”切题，为本段的标题。故选B项。 2 / 42 1 / 42 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$