Unit 6 Period 4 Developing ideas-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册作业与测评word（外研版2019）

Period 4　Developing ideas 课时作业(四) [基础训练] Ⅰ　根据语境及汉语提示完成句子 1．It's hoped that the ________ (望远镜) will enable scientists to see deeper into the universe than ever before. 答案：telescope 2．There are other systems also in our ________ (星系), which is called the Milky Way. 答案：galaxy 3．NASA plans to launch a satellite to study ________ (宇宙的) rays. 答案：cosmic 4．Many stars overhead are ________ (看不见的) to the naked eye. 答案：invisible 5．The first question he asked me was quite ________ (简单的)． 答案：straightforward Ⅱ　单句语法填空 1．I want the luggage ________ (fetch) from the hotel this afternoon. 答案：fetched 2．If he ________ (sneeze), he asked his mother to write a note saying he had a cold. 答案：sneezed 3．Actually, sending text messages and writing micro blogs allow us ________ (exchange) thoughts. 答案：to exchange 4．The mission could ________ (conceivable) be accomplished within a week. 答案：conceivably 5．They planted ________ (pepper), peanuts and green peas at the foot of the mountains. 答案：peppers Ⅲ　单句写作 1．他们将有能力通过更好的方式交流以及处理这些文化差异。 They will ________________________ communicate and manage cultural differences in a much better way. 答案：have the ability to 2．在笼子里的猴子们有触摸屏。 In their cages the monkeys ________________ touch screens. 答案：were provided with 3．他只想隐身于人群中。 His expectation in life is to __________________ the crowd. 答案：be invisible to 4．她30年代从事诗歌创作，为新月派的核心成员。 She ________________ poetry writing as the key member of Crescent School in the 1930s. 答案：was engaged in 5．本系统由前台展示和后台管理组成。 The system ____________ the foreground exhibit and background management. 答案：is composed of [思维训练] Ⅰ　阅读 A Many of us think, wrongly, that the moon doesn't change. For example, the Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Ruoxu once wrote that “Generations have come and passed away; From year to year the moons look alike, old and new.” However, a new study published in the journal Nature Geoscience shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time. For the study, a group of US scientists examined and analyzed thousands of photographs taken by the NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (月球勘测轨道飞行器照相机). They found that there were lots of faults (断层) on the surface of the moon. These faults were formed by recent movement on the moon. According to NASA, the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core. The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process, it released energy and cooled down. Then it began to shrink, in a way comparable to the shrinking of a grape into a raisin. Over the past several hundred million years, it has become 46 meters “skinnier”. But due to its hard and rocky layer, the moon's surface continues to push up. “Some of these quakes can be fairly strong, around five on the Richter scale (里氏震级)，” said Thomas Watters, a senior scientist at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum in the US. But does that mean the moon is a dangerous place that human shouldn't try to explore and live on in the future? Maybe not, reported The Telegraph.“This isn't anything to worry about. The moon may be shrinking, but not by much. It's not going anywhere，” Watters comforted us. The new discovery proves that the idea that the moon is a dead, boring place is wrong. “We have been to the moon and we've done some great science, but there is still a lot we don't know. The moon is shrinking—we didn't really realize that until recently. It's a much more active and interesting place than we thought and we should explore that，” NASA scientist Nathan Williams said. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一项最新的科学研究表明，月球正在随着时间慢慢地缩小。此外，这项研究还表明月球还有许多我们不了解的东西，它是一个比我们认为的还要更活跃、更有意思的地方，我们应该探索它。 1．Which point of view about the moon may the writer agree to? A．It stays the same as before. B．It is becoming slightly smaller. C．It is getting older and older. D．It has passed away. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“However, a new study ... shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time.”可知，一项新的发表在《自然·地球科学》上的研究表明，月球正在随着时间慢慢地缩小，故B项正确。 2．What can we learn about the moon from the third paragraph? A．It has become 46 meters fatter due to expanding. B．It has changed from a grape into a raisin in recent years. C．It quakes even at seven on the Richter scale. D．It has a hot core and releases energy during expanding. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第三段前三句中的“the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core” “The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process, it released energy”可知，月球由带有一个热核的岩石块组成，自它形成时月球就在持续膨胀，在这个过程中它会释放能量，故D项正确。 3．Who thinks that we needn't worry about the moon? A．Zhang Ruoxu. B．Thomas Watters. C．Nathan Williams. D．The journalist. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第四段中Thomas Watters说的话“This isn't anything to worry about ... It's not going anywhere”可知，Thomas Watters (托马斯·沃特斯)认为我们不必担心月球，尽管月球在缩小，但它并没有缩小很多，故B项正确。 4．What does Nathan Williams think of the moon? A．It is a dead and boring place. B．It has lots of faults on the surface. C．It is valuable to do more science. D．It isn't a place where we can live. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据尾段中Nathan Williams说的话“We have been to the moon and we've done some great science ... we should explore that”可知，Nathan Williams(内森·威廉姆斯)认为月球有许多我们不了解的东西，值得我们去探索。据此可推知，他认为研究月球是有价值的，故C项正确。 B US private rocket company SpaceX has announced that two private citizens have paid to be sent around the Moon. The mission (任务) is planned for late 2018. SpaceX CEO Elon Musk said, “This presents an opportunity for humans to return to deep space for the first time in 45 years.” The two unnamed people will fly aboard a spaceship which is set for its first unmanned test flight later this year. The co-operation of America's NASA space agency had made the plan possible. Mr Musk said, “The two passengers will travel faster and further into the solar system than any before them.” Like the Apollo astronauts before them, these individuals will travel into space carrying the hopes and dreams of all humankind, driven by the universal human spirit of exploration. “We expect to conduct health and fitness tests, as well as begin initial training later this year. The first mission would be unmanned, and the next one—with crew—was expected in the second quarter of 2018，” the rich businessman and inventor said, “The first passengers are entering this with their eyes open, knowing that there is some risk here. They're certainly not childish, and we'll do everything we can to reduce that risk, but it's not zero.” The space tourists would make a circle around the Moon, scanning the lunar surface and then going well beyond. However, the mission will not involve a lunar landing. “If NASA decided to take part in a lunar fly-by mission, then the agency would have privilege，” Mr Musk said. The US has not sent astronauts to the Moon since the early 1970s. 篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述两位普通公民将要去月球进行太空旅行。 5．Which of the following statements is mentioned according to the text? A．The two tourists can't afford to fly around the moon. B．Space travels are rooted in the spirit of human exploration. C．Initial training is expected to be conducted at the beginning of 2018. D．The two tourists are expected to fly at a slow speed. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，太空旅行是基于人们的探索精神。故选B。 6．The agency has privilege because ________． A．it needs co-operation with Mr Musk B．it has previous technical skills C．it will be able to remove all the risks D．it has to make money for research 答案：B　推理判断题。根据文章第二段第一、二句和第三段的“We expect to ... the second quarter of 2018”可知，该公司有自己的航空飞船，并且可以进行无人驾驶和载人驾驶测试。由此推测，这个公司有特权是因为它已经掌握了很多以前的相关科学技术。故选B。 7．Where can you most probably read the text? A．In a textbook. B．In a science fiction. C．In a travel brochure. D．On a news website. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段可知，本文是一篇新闻报道，报道两位普通公民将要去月球进行太空旅行。由此推测，本文很有可能在新闻网站上出现。故选D。 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Coming Moon Trip of Two Private Citizens B．An Opportunity to Explore Space for the First Time C．A Paid Trip Planned by SpaceX to Land on the Moon D．Two Unmanned Missions of Circling around the Moon 答案：A　标题判断题。根据文章第一段可知，两位普通公民将要去月球进行太空旅行。故选A。 Ⅱ　七选五 Space is where our future is—trips to the Moon, Mars and beyond. Most people would think that apart from comets (彗星) and stars, there is little else out there. __1__ Scientists are now concerned that if we don't clean it up, we may all be in great danger. The first piece of space junk was created in the year of 1964, when the American satellite Vanguard 1 stopped operating. __2__ However, since it kept orbiting around the Earth without any results, scientists became increasingly comfortable abandoning things that no longer served any useful purpose in space. __3__ The junk varies from tiny pieces of paint chipped off rockets to cameras, huge fuel tanks, and even odd items like the million-dollar tool kit that astronaut Heidemarie Stefanyshyn Piper lost during a spacewalk. The major problem with the space trash is that it may hit working satellites and damage travelling spaceship. In addition to this, many pieces of junk may crash with each other and break into pieces which fall back to the Earth. __4__ Ground stations have been built to monitor larger pieces of space trash to prevent them from crashing into working satellites or space shuttles. __5__ They will stop littering in space and to clean up the trash already there. A．Future plans include a cooperative effort among many nations. B．The junk floats slowly around the Earth. C．However, since our space journey started, we have left much trash (垃圾) in space. D．It is said that there are now over 500，000 pieces of man-made trash orbiting the Earth at speeds of up to 17，500 miles per hour. E．It lost its connection with the ground centre. F．To avoid this, scientists have invented several ways for clearing the sky. G．It hasn't result in any serious problems up to now. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。第一片人造太空垃圾是一个破碎的卫星，因为它没有造成任何问题，所以科学家最初并没有关心太空垃圾。随着太空垃圾越来越多，科学家意识到如果不及时清理太空垃圾，人类将面临危险。 1．C　根据下文“Scientists are now concerned that if we don't clean it up, we may all be in great danger.”可知，科学家们现在担心，如果我们不把它清理干净，我们可能都处于极大的危险之中。由此推知，上文和太空垃圾有关，C项(然而，自从我们的太空之旅开始以来，我们在太空中留下了许多垃圾。)符合题意。故选C。 2．E　根据上文“The first piece of space junk was created in the year of 1964, when the American satellite Vanguard 1 stopped operating.”和下文的顺承关系可知，停止运作当然造成卫星和地面的中心失去联系，E项(它与地面中心失去了联系。)符合题意。故选E。 3．D　这是本段的主题句，根据下文“The junk varies from tiny pieces of paint chipped off rockets to cameras, huge fuel tanks, and even odd items like the million-dollar tool kit that ...”可知，此段涉及太空中各种各样的垃圾，D项(据说现在有50多万人造垃圾以每小时17，500英里的速度环绕地球。)符合题意。故选D。 4．F　根据上文“The major problem ... back to the Earth.”可知，既然太空那么多的垃圾有可能会产生各种各样的危害，科学家当然要寻求解决的办法，此处后面就是讨论它们的处理办法，F项(为了避免这种情况，科学家们发明了几种清理太空的方法。)符合题意。故选F。 5．A　根据下文“They will stop littering in space and to clean up the trash already there.”可知，他们将停止在太空乱扔垃圾，并清理已经存在的垃圾。由此可知，they指的是many nations，这些国家在寻求合作以解决太空垃圾的问题，A项(未来的计划包括许多国家之间的合作努力。)符合题意。故选A。 【持续背记】 ①Cheerful singing floating in the room, the two sisters were absorbed in the beauty of the music. 欢快的歌声飘荡在房间里，两姐妹沉浸在美妙的音乐中。 ②Friends are like an umbrella. Whether it's sunny or rainy, they will always be there for you. 朋友就像一把雨伞，无论晴天还是雨天，他们都会一直陪伴在你身旁。 ③The sky was overcast, darkened with gloomy clouds and the whole world seemed to be enveloped in a huge gray quilt. 天空阴沉、乌云密布，整个世界仿佛被一条巨大的灰色棉被笼罩着。 【持续积累】 课时作业(五) [基础训练] Ⅰ　根据语境及汉语提示完成句子 1．He ________ (斜置) his chair so that he could sit and watch her. 答案：angled 2．Exercising at home alone requires a tremendous amount of ________ (自制力)． 答案：self-discipline 3．They call rowing the perfect sport and it exercises every major ________ (肌肉) group. 答案：muscle 4．He took the compact ________ (激光唱片) from her, then fed it into the player. 答案：disc 5．A patron is an elementary ________ (粒子) of matter. 答案：particle Ⅱ　单句语法填空 1．I will lose concentration when I can't understand ________ the teacher is saying. 答案：what 2．According to medical research, doing exercise on a regular ________ (base) can release pressure. 答案：basis 3．The stars would remain, so would the earth, so would the human quest ________ freedom, understanding, and love among brothers. 答案：for 4．Computer network has enabled us ________ (do) a lot of things more easily and quickly. 答案：to do 5．It ________ (launch) last year in paperback with an initial print run of 7，000 copies. 答案：was launched Ⅲ　用括号内所给词汇，写出一个语段 (the naked eye, galaxy, invisible, telescope, particle) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 答案：There are millions of particles in our galaxy, which can not be seen with the naked eyes. Actually, our galaxy is composed of countless invisible stars, and we can watch some of them clearly with the help of telescope. Some planets wait to be discovered so we should try our best to explore the mysterious universe. [思维训练] Ⅰ　阅读 NASA has a new job listing, and it's no joke. The US space agency (机构) is looking for a “joker” to join their planned mission (任务) to Mars. A mission to Mars is no laughing matter. On average, the red planet is 140 million miles (225 million kilometers) away from Earth. A trip there would take around eight months in a small spacecraft. And Mars has a communication delay (延迟) of 20 minutes. This means that astronauts will have to wait 20 minutes for a reply, when an emergency happens. “When you're living with others in a__confined__space for a long period of time, such as on a mission to Mars, problems are likely to occur，” Jeffrey Johnson, a scientist at the University of Florida, told The Guardian. This is probably why NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor. “These are people that have the ability to pull everyone together，” Johnson said. In stressful situations, perhaps humor is a way to know we aren't alone. By laughing together, we share our stress. Then we can focus on our jobs instead of just worrying. There are other examples of team “clowns”. One example is the journey to the South Pole (南极) led by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen. It was a difficult journey, full of danger. Adolf Lindstrom, a cook at Amundsen's team, was a “clown”. He made people laugh through the whole journey. Amundsen later wrote that Lindstrom was the most valuable member of the team. But if you're hoping that your favorite TV comedian (喜剧演员) will fly to Mars, that probably won't happen. “Being funny won't be enough to land somebody the job，” Johnson said. “They also need to be an excellent scientist and engineer.” Besides, they must be in top physical condition. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国航空航天局正在寻找一位“小丑”与宇航员一起执行火星任务，这个人不但要有幽默感，还要是一名优秀的科学家和工程师。 1．What is NASA's new job listing? A．A funny engineer. B．A talented clown. C．A good cook. D．A popular comedian. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，美国宇航局正在寻找一名“小丑”加入前往火星的任务，再根据倒数第二段可知，这个“小丑”不但要风趣，还需要是一名优秀的科学家和工程师，也就是说他必须是专业方面很优秀的人，所以这个人要有才能又诙谐。故选B。 2．What does “a confined space” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．A crowded space. B．An empty space. C．An open space. D．A small space. 答案：D　词义猜测题。根据画线部分后的“such as on a mission to Mars”可知，在执行火星任务时，几个宇航员要在航天器里生活很多天，而航天器里的空间是非常狭小的，此处是说“当你和别人在一个狭小的空间里生活很长一段时间，比如执行火星任务时，很可能会出现问题”，由此可知画线部分指的是“狭小的空间”。故选D。 3．How does the author think humor can help astronauts? A．It can stop them from feeling worried. B．It can encourage teamwork on a mission. C．It can help them feel less homesick. D．It can help them know themselves better. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第四段中约翰逊说：“这些人有能力把所有人团结起来”可知，幽默可以在任务中鼓励团队合作。故选B。 4．What could be the best title of the passage? A．A New Job Listing of NASA B．Humorous Astronauts in NASA C．Keeping the Spirits Up D．A Mission to Mars 答案：A　标题判断题。文章第一段开门见山，直入主题：美国宇航局正在寻找一位“小丑”(不但要有幽默感，还要是一名优秀的科学家和工程师)与宇航员一起执行火星任务。下文分析了美国宇航局这么做的原因：幽默感可以缓解压力，从而专心工作。由此可知，文章是围绕美国宇航局的这份新工作为中心展开的。故选A。 Ⅱ　语法填空 According to a new study, penguins didn't originate in Antarctica, as scientists __1__ (believe) since a long time ago; they first evolved in Australia and New Zealand. The study analyzed blood __2__ tissue samples from 18 different species of penguins, used the information to look back in time, and tracked __3__ diversification and movement of penguins over time. The study suggested that penguins originated in Australia and New Zealand 22 million years ago, not in Antarctica as __4__ (previous) thought. Penguins first occupied temperate environments and then moved to cold Antarctic waters, likely __5__ (attract) by the rich food supply there. Then the opening of the Drake Passage—the body of water __6__ Antarctica and the southern tip of South America—allowed the penguins __7__ (swim) throughout the ocean, and spread more widely to the warmer coastal regions. These findings also support the theory that king and emperor penguins are the “sister groups” to all other penguin families, __8__ (add) another piece to the long­debated puzzle on __9__ exactly these two species sit on the family tree. Today, the flightless birds can __10__ (find) in Australia and New Zealand, as well as Antarctica, South America, and other subtropical regions. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现，企鹅并不像科学家很久以前所认为的那样起源于南极，它们最初在澳大利亚和新西兰进化。 1．have believed　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处为从句谓语动词，根据时间状语since a long time ago可知，应用现在完成时，主语scientists是复数。故填have believed。 2．and　考查连词。此处blood和tissue为并列关系，应用连词and连接两个并列成分。故填and。 3．the　考查冠词。根据of penguins可知，此处特指企鹅的变化和活动，应用定冠词。故填the。 4．previously　考查词性转换。应用副词作状语修饰动词thought。故填previously。 5．attracted　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词occupied和moved，设空处应用非谓语动词，Penguins和attract为被动关系，应用过去分词作状语。故填attracted。 6．between　考查介词。此处表示在南极洲和南美洲南端之间，between ... and ... 意为“在……和……之间”，为固定搭配。故填between。 7．to swim　考查非谓语动词。allow sb to do sth意为“允许某人做某事”，为固定短语。故填to swim。 8．adding　考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词support，设空处为非谓语动词，主语findings和add为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填adding。 9．where　考查宾语从句的连接词。设空处引导宾语从句，作介词on的宾语，从句中缺少地点状语，应用where引导。故填where。 10．be found　考查动词的语态。birds和find为被动关系，且情态动词can后跟动词原形。故填be found。 Ⅲ　概要写作 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 In today's world, most workers are highly specialized, but this specialization can come at a cost—especially for those on the wrong team. New research by Harvard's Growth Lab uncovers the importance of teams and coworkers when it comes to one's productivity, earning potential, and stays of employment. The research analyzed administrative data on the 9 million inhabitants of Sweden. It found that to earn high wages and returns on education, workers must find coworkers who complement (互补), but not substitute them. The research offers a tool to assess the right and wrong coworkers in fields of expertise. The right coworkers are those with skills you lack, yet needed to complete a team. The wrong coworkers are those who replicate (重叠) your skillset and eventually lower your value to the employer. For example, those with a degree in Architecture are best assisted by workers with engineering, construction, or surveying degrees, and negatively impacted by those with landscape or interior (室内) design degrees. “We tend to think of skills as something personal that individuals can market to a company，” said Frank Neffke, Growth Lab Research Director. “However, this vision of skills is too simplistic. One person's skills connect to another person's skills, etc., and the better these connections, the more productive workers will be, and the more they will earn.” Neffke adds that the benefits of working with complementary coworkers are not the same for all workers. Those with higher levels of education seem to benefit much more from working in complementary teams than workers with lower levels. Over the past 20 years, workers with college degrees or higher have been increasingly able to find better matching coworkers. Complementarity also drives careers. The research shows that people tend to stay longer in organizations with many complementary workers and tend to leave those with many workers who substitute them. These results hold true for up to 20 years of one's career. The research also supports several well­known facts, such as cities and large firms pay higher wages. Workers are more likely to find better fitting teams in cities, and large firms often allow workers to specialize. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 写前导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了团队和同事对一个人的效率、收入甚至职业发展都有很大的影响。 [精彩范文] Teams and coworkers are very important for a worker's productivity, incomes, and even the employment. (要点1)A study finds the best teams are made up of workers who complement, but not substitute each other. (要点2)In a good team, workers' skills connect well together, making workers more productive. (要点3) The study also shows that workers in jobs with many complementary workers are unwilling to change their work, which keeps the workers working at the same place for many years. (要点4) 【持续背记】 ①He ducked his head and stepped back to his seat. 他低下头，回到座位上。 ②At the sight of the familiar handwriting, tears welled up in Kathy's eyes. 凯西一看到熟悉的字迹，便热泪盈眶。 ③The naughty boy made a mess of the living room, which made his mother's blood boil. 这个淘气的男孩把客厅弄得乱七八糟，这使得他母亲火冒三丈。 【持续积累】 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$