Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册创新导学案课件PPT（译林版2020）

WELCOME UNIT Unit 2 Understanding each other Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage 课前预习自检 重点合作探究 课堂效果检测 目录 CONTENTS 1 2 4 5 课后课时作业 Grammar 定语从句（复习） ３ 课前预习自检 Ⅰ.重点词汇 1．all the words known and used by a particular person——n. ___________ 2．to match or be similar or equal——vi. ___________ 3．to act in a particular way, or to be good by acting in a way which has society's approval——vi.& vt. ________ 4．feels shy, ashamed, or guilty about something—— adj. _____________ 5．an idea or plan of what you are going to do——n. __________ vocabulary correspond behave embarrassed intention 课前预习自检 6．when you like something or someone more than another person or thing——n. ___________ 7．to a moderate extent or by a moderate amount; rather——adv. ___________ 8．accept or endure (someone or something unpleasant or disliked) with forbearance——vt. _________ preference somewhat tolerate 课前预习自检 Ⅱ.教材原句 1．Apart from the differences in language such as pronunciation and vocabulary, there is a significant gap ____________________________ (在交流风格方面)． 2．I spent one term in the UK, ________________________ (在英国最大的挑战) was the indirect manner of speaking. 3．_____________ I begun to understand how British people communicate ______ (一……就……) it was time to head back home. 4．But it surely ___________________ (留下印象) me. in terms of communication styles where the greatest challenge No sooner had than left an impression on 课前预习自检 5．Later, I _________________________ (有机会学习) as an exchange student in the USA for one year. 6．Now, when speaking to Americans, who __________________ (偏爱) the direct style, I found that I often failed to ____________________ (直奔主题). 7．____________________ (有一段时期) questions like “Would you mind passing me the jam, please？” would be met with the reply “Why would I mind？” 8．By the end of the exchange year, I had a somewhat better understanding of __________________ (怎么样交流) in both countries, but I still have a lot to master. had the opportunity to study have a preference for get straight to the point There were times when how to communicate 课前预习自检 重点合作探究 1 preference n. 偏爱；偏爱的事物(教材P20) 归纳拓展 情景助记 重点合作探究 ①She has a preference for blue, while I like red better. 她偏爱蓝色，而我更喜欢红色。 ②In considering people for the job, we give preference to those with some working experience. 在考虑这份工作的人选时，我们优先考虑那些有一定工作经验的人。 ③I prefer living in the country to living in the city. 比起在城市居住，我还是喜欢住乡下。 ④Prevention of a problem is always preferable to trying to cure it. 防止出现问题总是比试图解决问题更可取。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①This option is __________ (prefer) to any other. ②__________ (prefer) will be given to those who have worked here for many years. ③Parents should not have a preference ____ any one of their children. preferable Preference for 重点合作探究 (2)完成句子 ①他偏爱她写的小说。 He __________________ the novels written by her. ②我更喜欢读莫言的书，而不是看由他的小说改编成的电视剧。 I would prefer _____________ written by Mo Yan ___________ TV series based on his novels. has a preference for reading books to watching 重点合作探究 2 embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的(教材P21) 归纳拓展 情景助记 重点合作探究 ①He was very embarrassed to hear people speak so highly of him. 他听见别人这样夸他，感到很难为情。 ②I was embarrassed at his unexpected question. 他突然的发问使我不知所措。 ③He didn't mean to embarrass you. 他不是成心让你难堪。 ④To my embarrassment, I didn't realize that I had got my shirt on inside out until I was on the bus. That embarrassing situation really embarrassed me. 令我感到尴尬的是，直到上了公共汽车，我才意识到我把衬衫里外穿反了。那种令人难堪的情形真的使我很尴尬。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①Now he is in an ____________ (embarrass) situation. ②He is ____________ (embarrass) because he made a mistake. ③My face turned red with _____________ (embarrass)． (2)翻译 她因自己的错误而困窘。 _________________________________ embarrassing embarrassed embarrassment She is embarrassed about/at her faults. 重点合作探究 3 intention n. 意图，计划(教材P21) 归纳拓展 情景助记 重点合作探究 ①I have no intention of allowing you to continue living here alone. 我不打算让你继续独自生活在这里。 ②With the intention of interrupting you, he raised his voice. 为了打断你的话，他提高了声音。 ③He intends his son to take over his business. 他打算让他的儿子接管他的生意。 ④This money is intended for the development of the tourist industry. 这笔钱是准备用于发展旅游业的。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①The headmaster intended Jim _________ (deliver) a speech in front of the whole school. ②He left England _____ the intention of travelling in Africa. (2)翻译 ①我一心想把我欠她的还给她。 ________________________________________________ ②我打算充分利用这次旅行来购买我们需要的物品。 ________________________________________________________ to deliver with I have every intention of paying her back what I owe her. I intend to take full advantage of this trip to buy the things we need. 重点合作探究 4 correspond vi. 类似于；相一致，符合；通信(教材P21) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①The money I've saved corresponds roughly to the amount I need for my course. 我所存的钱大致相当于我课程所需的金额。 ②Your account of the event corresponds with hers. 你对这一事件的陈述跟她说的相符。 ③As the course becomes more difficult, there's usually a corresponding drop in attendance. 随着课程变得越来越难，出席人数通常会相应下降。 重点合作探究 ①Company losses were 50 per cent worse than in the _____________ (correspond) period last year. ②His story of what happened that night didn't correspond _____ the witness's version. ③The British job of Lecturer corresponds roughly ____ the US Associate Professor. ④He has kept up a ______________ (correspond) with his friend for over a year now. (2)翻译 你一直在和你父母通信吗？ _______________________________________ corresponding with to correspondence Are you still corresponding with your parents? 重点合作探究 5 behave vi.& vt. 表现得体，有礼貌；表现(教材P21) 归纳拓展 情景助记 重点合作探究 ①Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave themselves. 应当鼓励学生养成良好的习惯，行为更加得体。 ②The locals all behave very politely and tourists are deeply impressed with their elegant behavio(u)r. 当地人都表现得很有礼貌，游客对他们优雅的行为印象深刻。 ③Brothers should behave well towards each other. 兄弟之间应该善待彼此。 重点合作探究 behave (表现)可接副词、介宾短语或 as if/as though引导的状语从句。 Tom is a little boy, but he behaves as if he were an adult. 汤姆是个小男孩，但表现得像个大人。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①I think all of us should mind our ___________ (behave) in public places. ②They behaved badly __________ the guests, which made us very disappointed. ③Behave _________________ (you) in public and you will win the respect of most of us. (2)翻译 他表现得像是这地方的主人。 _______________________________ behavio(u)r towards/to yourself/yourselves He behaves as if he owned the place. 重点合作探究 6 tolerate vt. 容许，允许；忍受，容忍；能经受(教材P21) 归纳拓展 情景助记 重点合作探究 ①Mr Smith won't tolerate anyone questioning his decisions. 史密斯先生不容许任何人质疑他的决定。 ②A wise man is able to have tolerance for other people's opinions. 一个明智的人能够容忍别人的意见。 ③Compared to other plants, rye is more tolerant of drought. 与其他植物相比，黑麦更耐旱。 ④At times, the heat was barely tolerable. 有时天气炎热得几乎令人难以忍受。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①I think men are less ________ (tolerate) of stress than women. ②He can't tolerate _____________ (laugh) at. ③Our living conditions are _________ (tolerate), but I can't wait to leave. ④She had no tolerance ____ jokes of any kind. (2)翻译 这位老师不能容忍在教室里吃东西。 _________________________________________ tolerant being laughed tolerable for The teacher can't tolerate eating in the classroom. 重点合作探究 Grammar 定语从句（复习） Grammar　定语从句(复习) 语法体验 单句语法填空 1．The river _________ runs through the centre or the city brings us lots of pleasure. 2．The boy _________ made a speech yesterday is my best friend. 3．This is the supermarket, _______ sells a variety of goods. 4．We must repair the desks of ______ the legs are broken. 5．I have many friends ______________ I can turn to for help when in trouble. that/which who/that which which who/whom/that Grammar　定语从句(复习) 6．He forgot the exact place _______________ he had hidden the jewelry. 7．Jane is no longer the person _______________ I worked with several years ago. 8．I still remember the days ______ we swam together in the river. 9．She came around to explain the reason _____ she was absent from the meeting. 10．The house, _______ a murder case happened last year, has got a lovely garden. where/in which that/who/whom when why where Grammar　定语从句(复习) 语法讲座 在复合句中作定语成分的从句，称为定语从句，由关系代词或关系副词引导。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。被定语从句修饰、限定、说明的名词或代词等，叫作先行词。 1．who, whom, whose引导的定语从句 (1)who 或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 Grammar　定语从句(复习) (2)whose表示所属关系，可指人或物，在从句中作定语。指人时相当于of whom；指物时相当于of which。 ①Children who/that rarely exercise or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. 很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。 ②Here is the girl (who/whom/that) we have been looking for. 这就是我们一直在寻找的女孩。 ③The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. 这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。 Grammar　定语从句(复习) 2．that, which引导的定语从句 that可指人或物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。which指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，也可作定语，作宾语时可以省略。限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that 不用which的情况： (1)先行词是all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词时。 (2)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 (3)先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修饰时。 Grammar　定语从句(复习) (4)先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 ①I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。 ②The first place that they visited in Beijing was the Palace Museum. 他们在北京参观的第一个地方是故宫。 ③She is the only person that understands me. 她是唯一理解我的人。 ④The famous writer and his book that you referred to just now are well known now. 你刚才提到的那位著名作家和他的书现在非常有名。 Grammar　定语从句(复习) (1)单句语法填空 ①The only part of the meal _____ I really liked was the dessert. ②Our guide, _____ was a French, was an excellent cook. (2)完成句子 ①我不熟悉演讲文章的语言风格，这与普通的文章完全不同。 I am unfamiliar with the language style of the speech article, _______________ _____________________________． ②他对造成那些问题的因素更加清楚了。 He became clearer about the factors _______________________． that who which is totally different from the common article that caused those problems Grammar　定语从句(复习) 3．as引导的定语从句 (1)as可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于“so/such/the same/as＋先行词＋as ...”结构中。 (2)as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句补充说明整个句子，可放在主句之前、之中或之后。 (3)as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 Grammar　定语从句(复习) as which 先行词 先行词只能是句子 先行词可以是一个名词，也可以是一个句子 位置 位置灵活，可置于主句前、主句中，也可置于主句后 只能放在先行词的后面 搭配 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等 无动词的限制 词意 表示“正如……，正像……的那样” 意为“这一点” Grammar　定语从句(复习) ①Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。 ②The number of smokers, as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 正如报道的那样，吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。 ③It is a truly delightful place, which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. 这真是一个令人愉快的地方，它看上去和100年前一样，有蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的村舍。 Grammar　定语从句(复习) 选词填空(as/which) ①Until now, we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children, _______ is quite unexpected. ②There is no simple answer, ____ is often the case in science. ③The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, _______ he remembers starting as early as his childhood. ④My parents have not so much money ____ I want. which as which as Grammar　定语从句(复习) 1．先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词， 从句中缺少状语时用关系副词when, where, why。有时可用“介词＋which”结构替换。 2．当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词，引导词仍用which/that。 3．当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point, situation, case, stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which。 二、关系副词引导的定语从句 Grammar　定语从句(复习) ①It was a busy week for me, when I had to deal with a variety of problems at the same time. 这是我忙碌的一周，我不得不同时处理各种各样的问题。 ②There are tea－houses in the park, where/in which visitors can sit and relax. 公园里有茶馆，供游人小憩。 ③The reason why I don't trust him is that he often tells lies. 我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。 ④The place which the Uygur live in is known for grapes and Hami melons. 维吾尔人居住的地方以葡萄和哈密瓜而闻名。 Grammar　定语从句(复习) 1．介词和关系代词的确定 若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：①介词与先行词的搭配；②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的搭配；③句子的意思。 2． “ of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 (1)在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词后可以用of which/whom。 三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 Grammar　定语从句(复习) (2)the＋比较级、最高级或名词后用of which/whom等。 3．“介词＋where”引导的定语从句 有时“介词＋where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。 ①Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted. 皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。 ②The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us. 研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。 Grammar　定语从句(复习) ③Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which (＝whose price) was very reasonable. 最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。 ④His head soon appeared out of the window, from where he saw nothing but trees. 他的头很快从窗口探了出来，那里除了树木他什么也看不到。 Grammar　定语从句(复习) 当定语从句的先行词为the way，且在从句中作方式状语时，关系词可用that/in which，或者省略关系词；在从句中作宾语时，关系词可用that/which，或者省略关系词。 I don't like the way (that/in which) you speak to her. 我不喜欢你和她说话的方式。(the way在从句中作状语) I want to know the way (that/which) he told you yesterday. 我想要知道他昨天告诉你的方法。(the way在从句中作宾语) Grammar　定语从句(复习) (1)单句语法填空 ①Do you know the date ______ they got married? ②This is the reason _____ I turned you down. ③I got to the stage _______ I wasn't coping any more. when why where Grammar　定语从句(复习) (2)完成句子 ①你为我做了许多，对此我很感激。 You did a lot for me, ______________________. ②他幻想有一个没有战争的世界。 He had a vision of a world __________________________________. ③在前台给他留张便条，他会从便条上知道怎么找到你。 Leave him a note at the reception desk, ___________________________________. for which I was grateful where/in which there would be no wars from which he will learn how to find you Grammar　定语从句(复习) 四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 意义 起限定作用，指特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整 仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句意思完整 结构要求 紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不加逗号 用逗号与先行词或主句隔开 功能 修饰先行词 补充说明先行词或整个主句 引导词 所有的关系代词及副词 关系代词或关系副词，但是关系代词that及关系副词why除外 Grammar　定语从句(复习) ①When you reached the village, you would first find a house whose windows were made of wood. 当你到达那个村庄时，你首先会发现一座有着木窗的房子。 ②He is not the fool that you thought him. 他不是你认为的傻瓜。 ③They enjoyed beautiful scenery in the mountain area, where they also did some climbing. 他们在这个山区欣赏到了美景，在那里他们还做了些爬山运动。 Grammar　定语从句(复习) ④I'd forgotten the keys, which didn't help matters. 我忘记带钥匙了，这让情况更糟。 [巧学助记] 定从分类有奥妙，限与非限看逗号； 定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜； 定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系。 Grammar　定语从句(复习) 用适当的关系词填空 ①____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. ②Teaching is a job ______ you are doing something serious but interesting. ③Do you remember a certain occasion _____ you were in trouble and at that moment I gave you a hand? ④Soon children in the camp had many new friends, with _____ they shared food, stories and projects. As where when whom Grammar　定语从句(复习) ⑤All the neighbors admire this family _______ the parents are treating their child like a friend. ⑥Is this the school __________ some German friends visited last week? ⑦I don't like the way _________________ he spoke to me. ⑧The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, of _______ 80% are sold abroad. where which/that that/in which/省略 which Grammar　定语从句(复习) 课堂效果检测 Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．Doing nothing but waiting is something that I will not _______ (忍受)． 2．The company have a __________ (偏爱) for honest employees. 3．He looked ____________ (窘迫的) when I asked him where he'd been. 4．It is our i________ to be the number one distributor of health products. 5．The written record of our conversation doesn't c__________ with what was actually said. tolerate preference embarrassed ntention orrespond 课堂效果检测 56 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Rome can be pricey for travelers, _______ is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社). 2．The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall _____ has survived China's long history. 3．But like all performances, there are moments ______ things go wrong. 4．In ancient China lived an artist _______ paintings were almost lifelike. 5．Leave him a note at the reception desk, from _______ he will learn how to find you. which that when whose which 课堂效果检测 57 Ⅲ.完成句子 1．只要你坚持下去，你梦想成真的那一刻一定会到来。 So long as you stick to it, __________________________________ will definitely come. 2．莫扎特的出生地和他创作《魔笛》的房子现在都是博物馆。 Mozart's birthplace and the house __________________ The Magic Flute are both museums now. the moment when your dream comes true where he composed 课堂效果检测 58 3．罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。 Dr Rowan, ______________________ two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. 4．我们寻找有耐心、有爱心、有经验和有兴趣与老年人一起工作的人。 We seek people _______________________， and who have experience and interest in working with older adults. 5．汤姆回来了，这让我们很高兴。 Tom came back, ___________________． who are patient and caring which made us happy whose secretary resigned 课堂效果检测 59 课后课时作业 Ⅰ　完形填空 To learn another language is more than just learning words and grammar; it __1__ learning about another culture, too. We learn much of our own culture's body language before we learn to speak, from the time we are __2__， usually without even being aware of it. Body language is different from culture to culture, and therefore it's something to which second language __3__ should pay attention. Sometimes, cultural differences in body language can __4__ discomfort or misunderstandings too. For example, there are __5__ cultural differences in how much distance should be kept between two people who are speaking together. 课后课时作业 61 If you are used to people keeping their __6__， you will feel very uncomfortable, and probably __7__ away repeatedly, if someone keeps trying to stand __8__ to you at a party! We call this the “personal comfort zone”． Another __9__ example of misunderstanding is the use of a __10__. In some Asian cultures, a smile can show embarrassment or apology. However, smiling back at a teacher who is unhappy with you, or a stranger whose foot you accidentally __11__ upon is probably not a good idea in most English speaking cultures! 课后课时作业 62 Even speakers of the same __12__， such as British, American, or Australian people, may not use the __13__ body language and must adapt if they wish to __14__ successfully. British people are said to be more reserved and formal, in general, and this is reflected in their body language. Americans are considered more open and __15__， while Australians are seen as casual and relaxed. 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章举例论证了肢体语言中的文化差异也会引起交流中的不适或误解这一观点。 课后课时作业 63 1．A.resists B．engages C．includes D．grasps 答案：C　根据上文“more than just learning words and grammar”可知，学习语言还包括学习其他东西。resist “抵抗”；engage “参与”；include “包括”；grasp “抓住”。故选C。 2．A.students B．babies C．adults D．applicants 答案：B　根据上文“before we learn to speak”和下文“usually without even being aware of it”可知，我们是在学习说话之前，在自己意识不到情况的婴儿时期就开始学习肢体语言。故选B。 课后课时作业 64 3．A.translators B．learners C．authors D．advisors 答案：B　根据上文可知，语言的学习不仅仅是学习单词和语法，还包括学习另一种文化，肢体语言也是其中一项内容，而肢体语言因文化的不同，差异巨大，所以作为第二语言学习者，需要特别注意肢体语言的学习。故选B。 课后课时作业 65 4．A.involve B．overcome C．cause D．interrupt 答案：C　根据下文“For example”可知，下文是对本句中观点进行举例论证；下文用不同的社交距离这一肢体语言的文化差异论证了肢体语言的文化差异可能会引起不适或误解。involve “卷入，涉及”；overcome “克服，战胜”；cause “造成，导致”；interrupt “打断”。故选C。 课后课时作业 66 5．A.definite B．important C．major D．initial 答案：A　根据语境可知，本句是对上文观点“文化差异会引起不适或误解”进行举例说明，因此本句所列举的事例中文化差异应该是明显存在的。definite “明显的；一定的”；important “重要的”；major “主要的”；initial “最初的”。故选A。 课后课时作业 67 6．A.distance B．insight C．consideration D．ease 答案：A　根据下文“you will feel very uncomfortable，and probably __7__ away repeatedly”可知，当别人靠近你时，你会不舒服，会多次移开，所以此处表示你习惯与他人保持距离。distance “距离”；insight “洞察力”；consideration “考虑”；ease “舒适，安逸”。故选A。 课后课时作业 68 7．A.cast B．move C．handle D．break 答案：B　根据上文“you will feel very uncomfortable”可推知，当有人靠近你时，你会移开。故选B。 8．A.higher B．deeper C．lower D．closer 答案：D　根据上文“If you are used to people keeping their __6__， you will feel very uncomfortable, and probably __7__ away repeatedly”可知，因为你习惯保持距离，所以当有人想站得离你更近时，你就会不舒服并多次移开。故选D。 课后课时作业 69 9．A.special B．common C．elegant D．outstanding 答案：B　根据上文所列举的“社交距离”这一明显的文化差异可推知，本段也应用另一个常见的例子。special “特别的”；common “常见的”；elegant “优雅的”；outstanding “杰出的”。故选B。 10．A.fist B．scream C．smile D．slap 答案：C　根据下文列举的事例“In some Asian cultures, a smile can show embarrassment or apology.”可知，这里说的另一个例子是“smile”。故选C。 课后课时作业 70 11．A.shifted B．slid C．stepped D．slipped 答案：C　根据上文“a stranger whose foot you accidentally”和设空后介词upon可推知，应用动词step，表示“踩到陌生人的脚”。step “踏，踩”。故选C。 12．A.grammar B．culture C．tradition D．language 答案：D　根据所列举的“such as British, American, or Australian people”可知，他们说的是同一种语言。故选D。 课后课时作业 71 13．A.obvious B．same C．tight D．different 答案：B　根据连词Even(即使)和may not可知，前后句是转折对比关系，此处表示说相同的语言，但不使用相同的肢体语言。故选B。 14．A.communicate B．link C．cooperate D．chat 答案：A　根据上文可知，不同肢体语言会造成不适或误解，所以要成功地进行交流，就必须适应不同的肢体语言。故选A。 课后课时作业 72 15．A.modest B．optimistic C．creative D．outgoing 答案：D　根据并列关系形容词open(开放的)可知，应用形容词 outgoing(外向的)来形容美国人。modest “谦虚的”；optimistic “乐观的”；creative “创造性 的”。故选D。 课后课时作业 73 Ⅱ　阅读 your body. Kristin Appenbrink, Associate Editor for RealSimple.com, shows what your body language is saying about you. Standing with your legs together is considered more of Pa conservative stance (站姿). It looks like a solider facing his officer. This way of standing usually indicatesW1 respect. Do you look down when you speak? Play with your hair? Lean to one side? Every last gesture tells a story. What you are saying to others is not only reflected in the words coming from your mouth, but also through the gestures and motions you make with 课后课时作业 74 This way you move your body reflects your attitude. And shifting your weight from side to side or front to back indicates that you are anxious or disappointed. Basically, this is a physical representation of what is going on in your head: you are having so many unsettling thoughts that you can't stop moving from one to the other. Crossing your arms and legs is a defensiveW2 position. Take note of the surroundings. More often than not, this just means a person is cold. Many people also find this position to be comfortable. 课后课时作业 75 Pointing toes (脚趾) in, big toe to big toe, indicates you are closing yourself off because you feel awkward or insecure. But, if you're sitting up straight with your shoulders aligned (对齐的) and your head up—signs of an open body position—your feet may be betraying you. Opening up your hands by spreading your hands means you are open to new ideas being offered. Facing your palms down or grasping your fists firmly shows you have a strong position—one that may not be so flexible. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了你对别人说的话不仅反映在说的话里，也反映在肢体语言中。 课后课时作业 76 1．Which of the following does Kristin Appenbrink probably agree with? A．Body language will replace spoken language. B．Standing with arms crossing indicates respect. C．Body language can express what we want to say. D．Our bodies' motions are different from our gestures. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Kristin Appenbrink ... is saying about you. (RealSimple网站的副主编Kristin Appenbrink指出你的不同肢体语言在暴露出关于你的不同信息。)”可推知，Kristin Appenbrink可能同意“肢体语言可以表达我们想说的话”。故选C。 课后课时作业 77 2．What technique of writing is mainly used in the text? A．Making comparisons. B．Analysing causes. C．Raising questions. D．Giving examples. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Standing with your legs together is considered more of a conservative stance (站姿)．”及最后一段第一句“Opening up your hands ... new ideas being offered.”可知，文章主要列举了一些生活中的肢体语言所表达的意义，由此可推知，文章主要使用举例的写作方法。故选D。 课后课时作业 78 3．What does the underlined word “unsettling” mean in Paragraph 3? A．Satisfying. B．Upsetting. C．Doubtful. D．Unconscious. 答案：B　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句前的“And shifting your weight ... anxious or disappointed. (将身体重心从一侧移到另一侧或从前移到后表明你感到焦虑或失望。)”及画线词后面的“that you can't stop moving from one to the other (以至于你无法停止把身体从一侧移到另一侧)”可推知，画线词意为“不安的或焦虑的”。故选B。 课后课时作业 79 4．What does one show if he points his toes in, big toe to big toe? A．He feels embarrassed and unsafe. B．He thinks someone has betrayed him. C．He feels like hiding something from others. D．He's willing to accept new ideas from others. 答案： A　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Pointing toes (脚趾) in ... you feel awkward or insecure. (脚趾向内指，大脚趾指向大脚趾，表示你因为感到尴尬或不安全而把自己封闭起来。)”可知，如果一个人把他的大脚趾指向大脚趾，会显示他感到尴尬和不安全。故选A。 课后课时作业 80 W重点单词 1．indicate v. _______ 2．defensive adj. ____________________________________ P重点短语 be considered of _____________________ 表明 防御的，戒备的；生气的，发怒的 被认为/看作是…… 课后课时作业 81 Ⅲ　七选五 Important Things to Know When Dining Out Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. __1__. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world. Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. __2__． 课后课时作业 82 Hands or Utensils (餐具) In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. __3__， instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons. Making Requests __4__. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. 课后课时作业 83 Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various countries. __5__， the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. A．The more friends you make in your lifetime B．The more time you spend in any given country C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D．Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E．It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate 课后课时作业 84 F．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不同地区的用餐礼仪及注意 事项。 课后课时作业 85 1．D　设空前提到不同的餐桌礼仪可能会使你吃惊，设空后提到了解一些其中的注意事项将会让你享受愉快的一餐，D项(不要被别人发现你在餐厅就餐时犯了尴尬的错误)承上启下。故选D。 2．F　本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。F项(不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)中的them指代上文的chopsticks。故选F。 3．C　上文讲述了法国人认为吃饭时每只手里都应该拿着餐具。下文表示转折，可知，此处说明与上文看法相反。C项(墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)符合语境。故选C。 课后课时作业 86 4．G　根据本段小标题Making Requests可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。下文提到在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远别要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪。G项(吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)与下文暗含转折关系。故选G。 5．B　根据下文“the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices(你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可知，此处是“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，与B项中的“The more”对应。B项(你在某个国家待的时间越长)符合语境。故选B。 课后课时作业 87 Ⅳ　语法填空 Traditionally, livestreamers (主播) sell delicious snacks or local goodies. But a livestream event in Tibet autonomous region did something different. Waste plastic bottles, __1__ are regarded as a great damage to the local environment, were sold for 0.5 yuan each, with the __2__ (intend)of raising people's awareness of Tibet's pollution issue. According to the Sohu website, in 2019, about 40 million tourists visited Tibet, which __3__ consequence left about 360 million plastic bottles __4__ (abandon) in branches, on cliffs and in rivers. The white pollution causes serious threat to the __5__ (delicacy) ecosystem and the death of local animals, such as yaks. 课后课时作业 88 Over the past few years, more than 5，000 volunteers of different ages and from all walks of life __6__ (participate) in the anti－white pollution campaign. They carry out over 2，000 clean－ups to collect 200，000 bottles left by tourists each year. Then the bottles __7__ (sort) by color and shipped inland __8__ (make) raw materials. Roughly, each bottle costs about 0.5 yuan. The livestream has successfully involved more people in the anti－white pollution campaign. People can scan QR code and donate money to encourage more people to collect bottles. It's really a meaningful event and helps to make __9__ possible for us human beings to coexist with nature __10__ (harmonious). 课后课时作业 89 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5．________ 6.________　7.________　8.________　9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。白色污染给西藏的生态环境带来严重威胁，为了提高人们的环保意识，一些主播直播卖废塑料瓶，这一活动让更多的人参与到了这场反白色污染运动中。 课后课时作业 90 1．which　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Waste plastic bottles，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2．intention　考查词性转换。设空处需填入名词作宾语，with the intention of表示“为了；怀着……的意图”。故填intention。 3．in　考查介词。短语in consequence表示“因此；结果”。故填in。 4．abandoned　考查非谓语动词。本句中使用了leave＋宾语＋宾补的结构，abandon与bottles之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填abandoned。 课后课时作业 91 5．delicate　考查词性转换。设空处修饰名词ecosystem，应用形容词。故填delicate。 6．have participated　考查动词的时态。设空处缺少句子的谓语，主语为volunteers，根据“Over the past few years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时。故填have participated。 7．are sorted　考查动词的时态和语态。设空处缺少句子的谓语，动词sort与主语bottles之间是动宾关系，因此需用被动语态，根据上下文可知，时态为一般现在时，主语为复数。故填are sorted。 课后课时作业 92 8．to make　考查非谓语动词。设空处需填入不定式作目的状语。故填to make。 9．it　考查代词。本句中的不定式短语“to coexist with nature __10__ (harmonious)”为make的真正宾语，设空处需填入it作形式宾语。故填it。 10．harmoniously　考查词性转换。设空处修饰动词coexist，需用副词。故填harmoniously。 课后课时作业 93 R $$