课时跟踪检测(7)（Word练习）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册（译林版2020）

课时跟踪检测(七) [对应学生用书P136] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．These habits are universal (universe) among mankind. 2．Astronomy (astronomer) is the scientific study of the sun，moon，and stars and other heaven bodies. 3．The strong earthquake left the city in ruins merely (mere) in several seconds. 4．Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency (agent) at the end of next month. 5．It is universally (universal) believed that computers can't take the place of human beings in the future. 6．Most food webs，for instance，consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. 7．The explanation of this part is to lay the foundation for the starting of the whole text. 8．It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in the store. 9．What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 10．When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. Ⅱ.单句写作 1．They should ask questions at crucial moments．(crucial) 他们应该在关键时刻提出问题。 2．I think we all agree，plain to see that we love the lovely dog！(plain) 我想这是一个共识：显而易见，我们都喜欢这只可爱的狗！ 3．If it's a team comprised of one person，then it's still the team that matters.(comprise) 如果这个团队仅有一人，仍然是团队在起作用。 4．A person should learn as much as possible to lay the foundation for future career．(lay the foundation for) 一个人应该尽可能多地学习，为将来的职业生涯打下基础。 5．It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.(whether) 新成立的委员会的政策能否付诸实施还有待观察。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A The oddness of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples. First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arms out，they float free in zero gravity，often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet (芭蕾) dancer.“I'm an inside guy，”Mike Hopkins says，who returned from a six­month tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.” On the station，the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no gravity，it's just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air，the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible (隐形的) cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon­dioxide headache. Leroy Chiao，54，an American retired astronaut after four flights，describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinks you're falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you're standing straight.That can be annoying—that's why some people feel sick.” Within a couple of days—truly terrible days for some—astronauts' brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear，and space sickness disappears. Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.For instance，astronauts lose bone mass.That's why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things: recovery time once astronauts return home，and，more importantly，how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round trip to Mars. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，从不同角度介绍了在太空中生活时所面对的各种挑战。 1．What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space? A．Deciding on a proper sleep position. B．Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag. C．Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly. D．Finding a right time to go to sleep. A　[细节理解题。第二段谈到宇航员在太空的睡眠，说睡姿是一个很大的问题(Its position presents its own challenges.)，然后以胳膊是否应该放在睡袋里为例解释说明。由此可知宇航员在太空中睡觉时面临的最大问题是睡姿的问题。] 2．The astronauts will suffer from a carbon­dioxide headache when ． A．they circle around on their bikes B．they use microcomputers without a stop C．they exercise in one place for a long time D．they watch a movie while pedaling C　[细节理解题。第三段讲到宇航员面临的另外一个问题就是在锻炼的时候，由于没有重力帮助循环空气，宇航员呼出的二氧化碳有可能在头顶形成隐形的云朵，此时宇航员就会出现二氧化碳状态下的头疼，因此选C。] 3．One of NASA's major concerns about astronauts is . A．how much exercise they do on the station B．how they can remain healthy for long in space C．whether they can recover after returning home D．whether they are able to go back to the station B　[细节理解题。最后一段讲到美国国家航空航天局(NASA)关心宇航员的身体健康，他们关心宇航员回到家里之后的恢复期，更重要的是，如何让宇航员在进行火星探测的两年半或更长时间内保持身体健康，这与B项描述是一致的。] B Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts.The microorganisms (微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station，so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It's turning to a bunch of high school kids.But not just any kids.It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms，like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport，New York. HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years，Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity，and they think they're close to a solution (解决方案).“We don't give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers，” says Florence Gold，a project manager. “There are no tests，”Gordon says.“There is no graded homework.There almost are no grades，other than‘Are you working towards your goal？’Basically，it's‘I've got to produce this product and then，at the end of the year，present it to NASA.’ Engineers come and really do an in­person review，and...it's not a very nice thing at times.It's a hard business review of your product.” Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact (影响) on college admissions and practical life skills.“These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.I don't teach.”And that annoying bacteria？Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem，readying a workable solution to test in space. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的联合科研项目，解决国际空间站中的细菌问题。这类语篇对于启发与培养学生良好的思维品质有积极的引导作用。 4．What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station? A．They are hard to get rid of. B．They lead to air pollution. C．They appear in different forms. D．They damage the instruments. A　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The microorganisms from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station，so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.”可知，来自我们身体的微生物在太空站的表面长得很快，宇航员每周得花很长时间清理它们，由此断定太空站里的细菌很难清除。故答案为A。] 5．What is the purpose of the HUNCH program? A．To strengthen teacher­student relationships. B．To sharpen students' communication skills. C．To allow students to experience zero gravity. D．To link space technology with school education. D　[细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.”可知，HUNCH项目的目的是把学校教育与航天技术联系在一起，故答案为D。] 6．What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program? A．Check their product. B．Guide project designs. C．Adjust work schedules. D．Grade their homework. A　[推理判断题。根据第三段的最后两句“Engineers come and really do an in­person review...It's a hard business review of your product.”可知，NASA工程师亲自检查那些高中学生的产品，故答案为A。] 7．What is the best title for the text? A．NASA：The Home of Astronauts B．Space：The Final Homework Frontier C．Nature：An Outdoor Classroom D．HUNCH：A College Admission Reform B　[标题概括题。本文主要介绍了一个项目：把高中的教室教学与太空的研究联系起来，使学生得到NASA工程师们的指导。因此在选标题时既要有太空，还要有学生，选项B将其完美地结合起来，故答案为B。] Ⅱ.七选五 We think of winter as cold and flu season，but the cold temperatures have powerful biological upsides too. Boosts your brain 1 ．Studies have found that people perform some cognitive (认知的) tasks like making decisions better when the temperature is cooler.Research has also shown that people are less willing to handle complex tasks in the summer than in the winter. Burns calories(卡路里) When it's cold，your body works harder to keep your core temperature，which is typically about 98.6 degrees.“Our bodies use a considerable amount of energy to keep us warm and to dampen the air we breathe when we're out in the cold，”explains Stacy Tucker，an expert from Kansas City. 2 ．A recent study showed that participants burned 34 percent more calories when they hiked in 14­to 23­degree temperatures than they did hiking on 50­degree days. Activates healthy fat We know accumulating too much ordinary fat or“white fat”can endanger our health.But adults also have small amounts of beneficial“brown fat”that can quicken their metabolism (新陈代谢) and burn more calories. 3 ． Encourages better sleep Your body's core temperature drops when you're trying to sleep. 4 ，but it's much faster in winter，says Tucker.Plus，with darker mornings，you naturally sleep later. 5 Yes，you might get more colds during the winter.However，studies have shown that the immune system can be activated by colder temperatures，which improves our ability to fight infections，explains Tucker.That said，the flu virus becomes strong in cold，dry air，and time spent indoors increases your chance of infection.To reduce risk，get your annual flu shot，wash your hands frequently，and go outside. A.Fights infections B．So fasten your boots C．Suffers from infections D．Colder temperatures can help you think more clearly E．And cold temperatures can activate this useful fat F．Exercising in the winter makes heart muscles stronger G．This process can take up to two hours in the summer [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了冬天较低的气温给人体带来的五种生理方面的好处。 1．D　[根据横线后一句“Studies have found that people perform some cognitive tasks like making decisions better when the temperature is cooler.”可知，低温可以帮助我们更加清晰地思考问题。] 2．B　[根据横线前句“Our bodies use a considerable amount of energy to keep us warm and to dampen the air we breathe when we're out in the cold”可知，当天气寒冷的时候，我们的身体需要耗费更多的能量来保暖。所以我们自己要做好保暖措施，选项中只有B项“系紧你的靴子”是我们可以采取的保暖措施。] 3．E　[本段的主题是“Activates healthy fat”。横线前一句“But adults also have small amounts of beneficial‘brown fat’that can quicken their metabolism and burn more calories。”告诉我们人体内有一些可以加快新陈代谢的脂肪同时燃烧更多的卡路里。较低的温度恰好可以激活这样的脂肪。] 4．G　[横线前一句“Your body's core temperature drops when you're trying to sleep.”告诉我们当人们睡觉的时候，体温会下降。横线句对本句进行解释，G项“在夏天，这个过程需要两个小时”中的夏天与横线后句“but it's much faster in winter”中的冬天形成呼应。] 5．A　[根据本段第二句“However，studies have shown that the immune system can be activated by colder temperatures，which improves our ability to fight infections，explains Tucker.”可知低温可以激活我们的免疫系统抵抗感染。A项“Fights infections”与本段内容一致。] Ⅲ.语法填空 Skin is not only large，but it is important.One of its jobs is to protect us，1. keeps bad things out.But sometimes it fails.2. (extreme) small bugs，called mites，can get under our skin.And when they do，they cause itching and great discomfort.So，to get under someone's skin means to annoy them or to bug them.That's just one definition of the 3. (express)“to get under someone's skin”．It can also mean that someone is very 4. (attract) to you.You can't stop thinking about them.You might even be obsessing about them. There are many ways 5. (describe) people using the word “skin”．If someone is thick­skinned they are not easily hurt emotionally.You can criticize them or be unkind to them and it simply rolls off their back.Thin­skinned people，6. ，are easily hurt by criticism，even if it is not too severe.You have to be careful about 7. you say to thin­skinned people so as not to hurt their feelings. If someone is suddenly very 8. (scare)，you can say they nearly jumped out of their skin! For example，one day I saw my friend Sierra 9. (wait) at a bus stop.She was wearing headphones and did not hear me come up behind her.So，when I 10. (touch) her shoulder，she nearly jumped out of her skin! [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了皮肤的作用以及一些关于“skin”的表达。 1．which　[考查定语从句的关系词。句意：它的工作之一是保护我们，把不好的东西挡在外面。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，从句缺少主语，故用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。] 2．Extremely　[考查副词。句意：非常小的虫子，叫做螨虫，可以进入我们的皮肤。修饰后文形容词small应用副词extremely，作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Extremely。] 3．expression　[考查名词。句意：这只是“to get under someone's skin”这一说法的一个定义。空处作宾语，表示“说法”应用名词expression，此处表特指应用单数。故填expression。] 4．attractive　[考查形容词。句意：它也可以指某人对你很有吸引力。根据上文is可知应填形容词attractive，作表语。故填attractive。] 5．to describe　[考查非谓语动词。句意：有很多方法可以用“皮肤”这个词来描述人。分析句子结构可知describe在句中应用非谓语动词形式，修饰名词way应用不定式作后置定语。故填to describe。] 6．however　[ 考查副词。句意：然而，脸皮薄的人很容易受到批评的伤害，即使批评不太严重。上文提到可以批评或对脸皮厚的人不友好，后文说脸皮薄的人很容易受到批评的伤害，上下文为转折关系，由逗号隔开，应用however。故填however。] 7．what　[考查宾语从句。句意：对脸皮薄的人说的话，你一定要小心，以免伤害他们的感情。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指事情应用what引导。故填what。] 8．scared　[考查形容词。句意：如果某人突然非常害怕，你可以说吓了他们一大跳！根据上文“someone is suddenly very”可知应填­ed结尾的形容词scared，作表语。故填scared。] 9．waiting　[考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，有一天我看到我的朋友Sierra在一个公共汽车站等车。结合句意表示“看见某人正在做某事”可知短语为see sb.doing sth.。故填waiting。] 10．touched　[考查动词的时态。句意：所以，当我碰到她的肩膀时，她吓了一大跳！根据后文“she nearly jumped out of her skin”可知描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时。故填touched。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$