课时跟踪检测(5)（Word练习）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册（译林版2020）

课时跟踪检测(五) [对应学生用书P130] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago.He studied the observations of comets which other scientists had made.The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical (数学上的) problem.He could not figure it out.Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems. However，Halley had a friend named Newton，who was a brilliant mathematician.Newton thought he had already worked out that problem，but he could not find the papers on which he had done it.He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse (椭圆). Now Halley set to work.He figured out (解决) the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists.He made a surprising discovery.The comets that had appeared in the years 1531，1607，and 1682 all had the same orbit.Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart. This seemed very strange to Halley.The different comets followed the same orbit.The more Halley thought about it，the more he thought that there had not been three different comets，as people thought.He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times.The comet had gone away and had come back again. It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction (预言) of what comet would happen in the future.He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758.There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested.In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky.Halley did not see it，for he has died some years before.Ever since then that comet has been called Halley's comet，in his honor. [语篇解读]　本文主要介绍了200多年前英国科学家哈雷以及他的发现。 1．Halley made his discovery ． A．by doing experiments B．by means of his own careful observation C．by using the work of other scientists D．by chance C　[细节理解题。由文中第三段中的“He figured out(解决) the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists.”可知应选C。 ] 2．Halley made a surprising，but correct prediction in the year ． A．1704　　　　　　　 B．1705 C．1706 D．1707 B　[数字计算题。由最后一段中的“He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758.There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested.”可知，他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年，而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证，由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。] 3．This passage in general is about ． A．Halley and other scientists B．the orbit of a comet C．Newton and Halley D．Halley and his discovery D　[主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了哈雷以及他的发现。] 4．Which of the following is TRUE? A．Edmund Halley was an American scientist. B．Halley made his discovery by doing experiments. C．Newton was a famous mathematician. D．The orbit of a comet had the shape of a circle. C　[细节理解题。从文章首句可以看出A项错误；从第三段的分析中可知B项也错误；由第二段可知，牛顿告诉哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的，可排除D项。] B Being a writer in the 21st century can keep you in front of a screen for so long that it feels like the room is sideways. Being a human with the Internet can mean hours spent on social media, scrolling and posting for so long that your sense of reality actually becomes sideways. Three years ago, I started to search for ways to deal with my anxiety. I had a brilliant idea, one that felt completely foreign to people like me: I'd go outside, to the real outside. I grew up in the city, not hiking or camping, so I knew nothing about the outdoors. I have three kids with endless energy, so I figured I could solve two questions at once. I would get a breather from my job and the kids would play with insects and realize there is nothing better than nature. We drove to Great Falls, Virginia, where hundreds of people on any given day spent hours meandering through the hillside and forest. The blue water pulsed, turning white and crashing powerfully hundreds of feet beneath us. The kids held their breath as if they had seen magics. But it's just nature, just the outside, and that had been there all along. Since then, we've been fascinated. Last summer I felt my home's walls closing in, so I decided to go camping. I built my first fire. My kids watched my every move, asking every ten minutes to help get more branches and roast meat. About a month, my craving to take a break from the city grew again. We camped two more times before the cold came, each time seeing a bit more of what nature had to offer city folks. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者三年前为了减少焦虑，选择走向户外，从此爱上了亲近大自然，还培养孩子一起享受自然之美。 5．Why did the author decide to go outside three years ago? A．Because he was interested in nature. B．Because he hoped to reduce anxiety. C．Because he fell in love with camping. D．Because he was eager for the outdoors. B　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“Three years ago, I started to search for ways to deal with my anxiety. I had a brilliant idea, one that felt completely foreign to people like me: I'd go outside, to the real outside.”可知，作者在三年前决定走出去是因为他希望减少焦虑。] 6．What does the author want his kids to do? A．Enjoy the beauty of nature. B．Stay away from social media. C．Learn to protect themselves. D．Choose to do what they are fond of. A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“I would get a breather from my job and the kids would play with insects and realize there is nothing better than nature.”可知，作者希望他的孩子们享受自然之美。] 7．How did the kids feel about the tour to Great Falls? A．Tired.　　　　　　　 B．Scared. C．Bored. D．Excited. D　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“We drove to Great Falls, Virginia, where hundreds of people on any given day spent hours meandering through the hillside and forest. The blue water pulsed, turning white and crashing powerfully hundreds of feet beneath us. The kids held their breath as if they had seen magics.”可推知，孩子们对大瀑布之旅感到兴奋。] 8．What does the underlined word “craving” in the last paragraph mean? A．Memory. B．Chance. C．Desire. D．Ability. C　[词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“to take a break from the city grew again”以及“We camped two more times before the cold came, each time seeing a bit more of what nature had to offer city folks.”可知，后文提到他们又去露营了两次，说明渴望离开城市，休息一下。故画线词的意思是“渴望”。] C Beatrice Finkelstein，as chief of the Food Technology Section of the Life Support Systems Laboratory at Wright Patterson Air Force Base，bore responsibility for managing the nutritional needs of the astronauts.Her work in the field of space feeding was important in developing the equipment and techniques used in early space flight.Few，if any，female contributors played as important a role as she did during the early years of the U．S.crewed space program，and she deserves to be better remembered. Finkelstein's value to America's space tasks went well beyond her technical contributions.She was frequently described in the popular press at the time as “the Nutritionist to the Astronauts”，as well as the proprietor of “Bea's Diner”，a restaurant designed to appeal to the public as a very friendly place. In her role as nutritionist for the early space program，Finkelstein grew to know the astronauts well，as she communicated with them frequently.At times，she would step beyond her formal role as nutritionist，providing emotional and psychological support to the astronauts.On many occasions，she was one of the last people the astronauts communicated with before launch (发射)，and there's a lot of evidence that shows her friendship was a source of comfort during the stressful pre­launch activities. The image of nutritionist Beatrice Finkelstein showed that the agencies that insured NASA's successful space flights were staffed by smart women as well as smart men.Her role in America's success in conquering space in the technical field of space feeding served as an example of the role women could and did play in the early space program. [语篇解读]　文章主要介绍了一位特别的营养学家Beatrice Finkelstein及其为美国航空航天事业所做出的贡献。 9．Why does Beatrice Finkelstein deserve to be remembered? A．She was a really great astronaut. B．Her astronaut team made significant achievements. C．She bore responsibility for early space flight. D．Her feeding work was vital in early space flight. D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“Her work in the field of space feeding was important in developing the equipment and techniques used in early space flight.”可知，Beatrice Finkelstein在太空饮食领域的工作对于开发早期太空飞行所用的设备和技术是很重要的，因此她值得被人们铭记。] 10．What does the underlined word “proprietor” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Tutor. B．Editor. C．Owner. D．Engineer. C　[词义猜测题。根据第二段中“She was frequently described in the popular press at the time as ‘the Nutritionist to the Astronauts’，as well as the proprietor of ‘Bea's Diner’，a restaurant designed to appeal to the public as a very friendly place.” 在那时，她经常被大众媒体描述为“宇航员的营养学家”，以及“Bea's Diner”的老板。这家餐馆被设计成了一个非常友好的地方来吸引公众。可知，她是Bea's Diner餐馆的老板。因此，画线词 proprietor应意为“所有者”，与C项意思相近。] 11．What can we infer about Beatrice Finkelstein from Paragraph 3? A．She was also a psychologist. B．She relieved astronauts' pressure. C．She communicated with astronauts after launch. D．She cooked much nutritious food for astronauts. B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“At times，she would step beyond her formal role as nutritionist，providing emotional and psychological support to the astronauts.On many occasions，she was one of the last people the astronauts communicated with before launch，and there's a lot of evidence that shows her friendship was a source of comfort during the stressful pre­launch activities.”可知，Beatrice Finkelstein 帮助宇航员减轻了压力。] 12．What is the best title for the text? A．One Special Nutritionist B．A Great Space Astronaut C．The First Woman Astronaut D．The Most Popular Nutritionist A　[标题概括题。根据第一段中“Beatrice Finkelstein，as chief of the Food Technology Section of the Life Support Systems Laboratory at Wright Patterson Air Force Base，bore responsibility for managing the nutritional needs of the astronauts.”和“Few，if any，female contributors played as important a role as she did during the early years of the U．S.crewed space program，and she deserves to be better remembered.”可知，文章主要介绍了一位特别的营养学家Beatrice Finkelstein 及其为美国航空航天事业所做出的贡献。因此选项A“一位特别的营养学家”是本文的最佳标题。] Ⅱ.七选五 How to Change the World You want to change the world，but you aren't sure where to start.First，remember that changing the world can mean so many different things. Understand what's wrong. 1 The world is such a big place，so you won't be able to change much if you don't understand what's going on out there.Try to learn about what is happening both home and abroad. Know that change doesn't come overnight. 2 Try to live your values each day，even if you don't see much change on a day­to­day level.Work hard and don't give up. Start small. Find ways to make a difference every day.It may feel as though you are just one tiny part of a huge system.At first，you almost certainly will be.Be patient. 3 Try to put your activism into practice and make it a reality. 4 Write letters to newspapers；post an article，video，or idea on the Internet；wear a special T­shirt.If you think that it is important and worthy of attention，try to raise awareness (意识) by telling as many people as you can. Consider a career (事业). Think about which sort of job might put you in the best position to change the world. 5 There are a lot of ways to get paid for adding value to the world.Start researching to find jobs in fields that feel valuable. A．Read the news. B．Spread the word. C．All things begin small. D．Remember that you don't need to do it alone. E．You could be a teacher，a reporter，or something else. F．There are other，less public ways to show your support! G．Don't expect to change the world with one big heroic act. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了改变世界的几种方法。 1．A　[由该段小标题Understand what's wrong.和本段中的“Try to learn about what is happening both home and abroad.”可知，要改变世界，首先得多看新闻，了解目前国内外的形势，哪些问题需要改进，故选A项。] 2．G　[由该段小标题Know that change doesn't come overnight.和本段中的“Try to live your values each day”可知，任何改变都不是一夜之间就发生的，所以不要想着通过一次英勇的行为就改变世界，故选G项。] 3．C　[由该段小标题 Start small.可知，要从点滴做起，C项内容符合此处语境。] 4．B　[由该段中的“Write letters to newspapers...wear a special T­shirt.”等信息可知，要让大家知道你的想法，故用B项作为小标题最恰当。] 5．E　[由该段小标题Consider a career.和本段中的“Think about which sort of job...to change the world.”可知，这里谈论职业的选择。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$