Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Using Language & Other Parts（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Using Language & Other Parts Ⅰ.重点词汇 1．furniture n．家具 2．bark vi.& n．(狗)吠叫；吠叫声 3．rugby n．橄榄球运动 4．bat n．球拍；蝙蝠 vi.& vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打 5．damp adj.潮湿的；湿气重的 6．recreation n．娱乐；消遣；游戏 7．nephew n．侄子；外甥 8．corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的 9．navigator n．领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者 10．motor n．发动机；马达 adj.有引擎的；机动车的 11．candidate n．候选人；应试者 12．episode n．(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲 13．Confucianism n．孔子学说；儒家(学说) Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelty n．残酷，残忍；不公；虐待→cruelly adv.残酷地 2．thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的→thoroughly adv.彻底地 3．fortune n．运气；命运→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地 4．guide vt.指导；引导→guidance n．指导；引导；导航 5．advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告→advertiser n．登广告者；广告商→advertising n．广告活动；广告业 6．rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→roughly adv.粗略地；粗鲁地 7．loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的→loyalty n．忠诚；忠实；忠心耿耿 8．commit vt.& vi.(使)致力于；(使)承诺→commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献 9．motive n．动机；原因；目的adj.发动的→motivation n．动力 形容词加后缀­ty构成名词，后缀­ty表示“性质”或“状态”。 cruel→cruelty　safe→safety certain→certainty　loyal→loyalty Ⅲ.短语互译 1．在……前面；领先于……ahead_of_... 2．发生在某人身上happen_to__sb. 3．使某人高兴/振作起来cheer_sb.up 4．生火make_fire 5．放出(热、光、气味或气体)give_off 6．be bored with ...对……感到厌倦；厌烦…… 7．become ill from ...因……而生病 8．in a positive and successful way 以一种积极、成功的方式 9．faith in ... 对……的信任 10．persevere in doing sth.坚持做某事 11．pay back回报；(向某人)还钱；报复 12．sign up for报名参加 Ⅳ.重点句式 1．句型：it作形式主语 教材原句：It was easy to imagine the danger ahead of them. 翻译：不难想象他们将面临的危险。 2．句型：What if ...？如果……怎么办？/倘若……将会怎样？ 教材原句：What if they were delayed? 翻译：如果他们被耽搁了怎么办？ 3．句型：动名词短语作主语 教材原句：Staying alive took all our time and energy. 翻译：求生耗费了我们所有的时间和精力。 4．句型：if 引导虚拟条件句 教材原句：If it weren't for sea animals，we would all starve. 翻译：要不是有海洋动物，我们都得挨饿。 5．句型：whatever引导名词性从句 教材原句：As a chef，it was my duty to cook，so I tried to vary the meals in whatever way I could. 翻译：作为一名厨师，做饭是我的职责，所以我想方设法地变换三餐的花样。 Ⅰ.文本理解 ►语篇特征 The text is a memoir(回忆录). ►主旨匹配 (　　 )Part 1 (Para.1)　A．Problems they faced and the solutions. (　　 )Part 2 (Para.2Para.4)　 B．Background of the story. (　　 )Part 3 (Para.5)　 C．The result: they were finally rescued. (　　 )Part 4 (Para.6)　 D．Things that helped them tackle the difficulties. 答案：Part 1～Part 4 BADC ►细节探究 1．What can we know about the sailors from the first paragraph？(　　) A.They had mixed feelings at the time. B.They were sure they would be saved. C.They had no faith in Shackleton. D.They all wanted to go with Shackleton. 2．What was the most important thing for the sailors on Elephant Island？(　　) A.Making fire.　　　　　 B．Finding trees. C.Getting oil. D．Surviving. 3．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about？(　　) A.The shortage of food and vegetables. B.The effects of the changing weather. C.The spread of illnesses there. D.The clothes they wore. 4．Which of the following best describes Shackleton？(　　) A.A mean man. B．A generous man. C.A man of his word. D．A warm­hearted man. 答案：1～4 ADBC ►难句突破 1．As a chef，it was my duty to cook，so I tried to vary the meals in whatever way I could. 分析：it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。so是连词，表结果。whatever引导宾语从句。 翻译：作为一名厨师，做饭是我的职责，所以我想方设法地变换三餐的花样。 2．It was almost as dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clothes as to become too cold from wearing too few. 分析：“as ...as ...”意为“和……一样……”，是同级比较句式。句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。 翻译：因衣服穿得过多而变得太热的危险不亚于因衣服穿得过少而变得太冷。 ►课文语法填空 Shackleton's departure to find help let the crew feel down and even a little desperate，but it was not for long.They took advantage of 1.whatever they could find in order to stay alive.There 2.was (be) no water in the 3.extremely (extreme) cold weather，so the crew melted ice from the ocean for daily use.Without any fuel，they 4.burnt (burn) animal fat to make fire though the oily，black smoke caused damage to their eyes and their lungs.No 5.vegetables (vegetable) or fruit could be found on the island，and they managed to feed 6.on sea animals.The chef tried his best 7.to_vary (vary) the meals in whatever way he could. Another challenge lying ahead of them was to stay 8.healthy(health).Because of the changing temperatures，they took care of 9.themselves (them) carefully. Their discipline，perseverance and team spirit carried them through.It was four months later 10.that they were finally rescued. Ⅱ.原文释译 THE REWARD FOR PERSEVERANCE We watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island.It was easy to imagine the danger ahead of them.Would they ever return to find us? What might happen to them？What if they were delayed? We felt so alone and desperate.But it was not for long.There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up. Life fell into a regular pattern.❶Staying alive took all our time and energy. For example，we needed water，and Elephant Island had none.We found that we could melt ice from the ocean and drink the water from it.But how could we make fire？❷There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil，so the only fuel we could use was animal fat. This gave off oily，black smoke，but it stayed burning even in strong winds. Food was also a problem，as we did not find any vegetables or fruit on the island.One of our group members，Lionel Greenstreet，noted in his diary about how bored he was with the meals: “The food now is pretty well all meat of sea creatures.” If it weren't for sea animals，we would all starve.❸As a chef，it was my duty to cook，so I tried to vary the meals in whatever way I could.❹But it was difficult. We had to be careful not to go outside too often，as the changing temperatures could make us ill.It was almost as dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clothes as to become too cold from wearing too few.The sweat could freeze very quickly.Many of us also became ill from the black smoke of the animal fat we burnt for our fires.It damaged our eyes and burnt our lungs. The twenty­two of us lived like this in the cold for four months.Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way.We also celebrated our birthdays，festivals，and even the times when we caught a sea animal.This was an episode in my life that I would never forget. When we were finally rescued，we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears.We were at last free to go home to warm beds，good food，and the care of our family and friends.Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive.And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death. ◆精学表达 Ⅰ.文本特征 1．该阅读文本是一篇回忆录。文章以“坚忍”号厨师的口吻生动地描绘了象岛上船员们的生活。 2．写作特点 (1)聚焦某个特定的人物、关系或事件； (2)回忆录的文风具有亲切感； (3)回忆录一般有完整的故事主线； (4)回忆录并非完整的生平记录，而是一些特定的记忆片段的描述； (5)回忆录是作者的个人叙事，故事性大于细节的准确性。 Ⅱ.语言特色 1．多变表达 语篇在叙述象岛上艰苦的生活条件时，句❶用了动名词短语作主语，简洁明了；句❷用了there be句型结合定语从句，形象具体。句式多样，增强了故事的可读性。此外，句中all、no、only等词的使用，突出了处境的艰难，使读者如临其境。 2．逻辑衔接 句❸中so和句❹中But的使用生动描述了“我”力求尽职尽责把饭做好，又苦于“巧妇难为无米之炊”的状况。逻辑清晰，生动形象。 ◆续写积累 1．心理描写——忧心忡忡 What if they were delayed? [仿写]完成句子 如果我错过了和帕克的会面怎么办？ What_if_I_miss the meeting with Park? 2．心理描写——难掩激动 When we were finally rescued，we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. [仿写]完成句子 我转过身，试图掩饰从我脸上滚落下来的泪水。 I turned around，trying_to_hide_the_tears_that_were_rolling_down_my_face． 我的感悟 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考译文 锲而不舍的回报 我们看着沙克尔顿和小船驶离象岛。不难想象他们将面临的危险。他们还会回来找我们吗？他们会发生什么事呢？如果他们被耽搁了怎么办？我们感到如此孤独和绝望。不过，这种情绪并没有持续很久。没有什么比一顿丰盛的晚餐和一点音乐更能让我们振作起来的了。 生活陷入了一个固定的模式。求生耗费了我们所有的时间和精力。例如，我们需要水，而象岛没有。我们发现可以把海上的冰融化成水，然后饮用。可是我们怎么生火呢？南极没有树木，也没有石油，所以我们可以使用的唯一燃料就是动物脂肪。这会产生油腻的黑烟，但它在强风中仍能保持燃烧。 食物也是一个问题，因为在岛上我们找不到任何蔬菜或水果。我们的一位团队成员，莱昂内尔·格林斯特里特，在日记中写下了他对三餐有多么厌烦：“现在的食物几乎全是海洋动物的肉。”要不是有海洋动物，我们都得挨饿。作为一名厨师，做饭是我的职责，所以我想方设法地变换三餐的花样。但是，这很困难。 我们必须小心，避免过于频繁地外出，因为气温变化会使人生病。因衣服穿得过多而变得太热的危险不亚于因衣服穿得过少而变得太冷。汗水会迅速结冰。我们燃烧动物脂肪取火，冒出的黑烟使我们很多人都生病了。这种黑烟损害我们的眼睛，灼伤我们的肺部。 我们22个人就这样在冰天雪地里度过了四个月。纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，帮助我们以一种积极、成功的方式应对恐惧感。在我们过生日、过节，甚至捕获海洋动物时，我们也会庆祝一番。这是我人生中永远不会忘却的一段经历。 最终获救时，我们如释重负、喜不自禁，我们许多人都难掩泪水。我们终于可以回家享受温暖的床铺、可口的食物以及家人朋友的关爱。我们的乐观和对沙克尔顿的信任帮助我们顽强地活了下来，而他则用他的承诺回报了我们——把我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中拯救了出来。 1 unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地 Unfortunately，his application was turned down because he was too young and not qualified enough. 不幸的是，他的申请被拒绝了，因为他太年轻，资格不够。 [要点突破] ①fortune n．运气；命运；大笔的钱，巨款 seek one's fortune寻找(某人的)出路 make a fortune发财 try one's fortune碰碰(某人的)运气 ②fortunate adj.幸运的 ③fortunately adv.幸运地 [写作佳句] Unfortunately，your parents do not always agree and that makes you feel unhappy. 可惜，你的父母并不总是同意，于是这让你感到不快乐。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①(2021·浙江1月卷)Unfortunately(fortunately)we forgot to weigh them before taking out their insides，but I was determined to prove my point. ②This would be a good opportunity to teach my children to help those less _fortunate(fortune) than themselves. ③老妇人每天都为她的儿子祈祷，他去了一个遥远的地方找出路去了。 Every day，the old woman offered a prayer for her son who had gone to a distant place to_seek_his_fortune． ④在中国，“红色”被视为好运的象征，在许多社交场合被广泛使用。 Widely used on many social occasions，the color “red” is_regarded_as_a_symbol_of_good_fortune in China. 2 application n．申请；请求；(尤指理论、发现等的)应用 Unfortunately，his application was turned down because he was too young and not qualified enough. 不幸的是，他的申请被拒绝了，因为他太年轻，资格不够。 [要点突破] ①an application letter一封求职信；一封申请信 an application form一份申请表 ②apply v．应用；申请；敷，涂；施压 apply ...to ...把……应用到…… apply oneself to 致力于，专心于 apply (to sb.) for ...(向某人)申请…… apply to do sth.申请做某事 ③applicant n．申请人 [写作佳句] If you meet the above criteria，you can send an application email to Ms.Chen. 如果您符合上述条件，您可以向陈女士发送申请邮件。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①(2022·全国乙卷)First announced in April，2016，the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5 g of sugar per 100 ml，was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). ②I suggest you apply for Peking University，one of the best universities in China. ③I am writing to apply to_join (join) in the activity you are organizing. ④Apply what you learn in the online course to your daily work，and you will surely succeed in the future. ⑤To my delight，I was chosen from hundreds of applicants (apply) to attend the opening ceremony. ⑥近些年来，他一直以极大的热情致力于他的新工作。 Over the recent years，he has_applied_himself_to his new job with great enthusiasm. 3 guidance n．指导；引导；导航 He finally finished the research paper under his tutor's guidance. 在导师的指导下，他终于完成了研究论文。 [要点突破] ①under sb.'s guidance＝under the guidance of sb.在某人的指导下 without the guidance of sb.没有某人的指导 look for/seek guidance from ...寻求……的指导 ②guide vt.指导；指引 n．指南；手册；向导 guide sb.into/towards ...为某人引路 [写作佳句] (2024·新课标 Ⅰ 卷)The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. 花园里还有一条蜿蜒的小路，引导游客穿过丝绸之路的十二个区域。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①Whenever I had problems，I always turned to my teacher for help and guidance(guide). ②(2021·新高考 Ⅱ 卷)Under the guidance of their father，they took positive actions and started all over again. ③Search­lights were used to guide the ship into the harbour. ④没有指导，马克不太可能达到他的目标。 Without_guidance，Mark was less likely to reach his goal. ⑤在王先生的指导下，他在接下来的日子里工作更加努力了。 Under_the_guidance_of Mr.Wang，he worked even harder in the following days. 4 advertising n．广告活动；广告业 The company launched an advertising campaign to promote its corporate image. 该公司发起了一场广告宣传活动来提升公司形象。 [要点突破] ①advertise vt.& vi.公布；宣传；做广告 advertise for ...登广告征求…… advertise for sb.to do sth.登广告招聘某人做某事 ②advertisement n．广告(缩写为ad) put/place an advertisement 登一则广告 [写作佳句] Having read your advertisement on the Internet，I'm writing to request a valuable chance to be a part­time volunteer at the local wildlife park. 在网上看到你们的广告后，我写信是想请求一个宝贵的机会，到当地的野生动物园做一名兼职志愿者。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①One day Dad showed me an advertisement(advertise) for a yearly race in a newspaper. ②A couple of years later，I owned my own piano company，and when I advertised(advertise)in that area，the postcards started coming to me. ③Peter has had a successful career running an advertising(advertise) agency and has always been extremely creative. ④She is leaving next month，so we must advertise for a replacement for her. ⑤他想要一个会计为他工作，因此他在报纸上登了一则广告。 He wanted an accountant to work for him，so he put_an_advertisement_in_the_newspaper． 5 make (a) fire生火 But how could we make fire? 可是我们怎么生火呢？ [要点突破] set fire to点着……；放火烧…… set ...on fire点着……；使……着火 on fire着火(表状态) on the open fire在明火上 catch fire着火(表动作) put out a fire灭火 fight a fire救火 [写作佳句] As soon as we arrived at the campsite，we put up our tents，made a fire and then started cooking. 我们一到露营地，就支起帐篷，生起火，然后开始做饭。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①Her crew was sent to put out a fire that had spread over 200 miles. ②A candle fell over，setting fire to the curtains. ③They also roasted long strips of pumpkin on the open fire and ate them. ④那时正是旱季，什么东西都很容易着火。 It was the dry season and everything was_very_easy_to_catch_fire． ⑤突然，史蒂夫和扎克闻到了烧焦的味道，他们意识到闪电把树林点着了。 Suddenly Steve and Zach smelled something burning and they realized that lightning_had_set_the_woods_on_fire． 6 give off放出(热、光、气味或气体) This gave off oily，black smoke，but it stayed burning even in strong winds. 这会产生油腻的黑烟，但它在强风中仍能保持燃烧。 [要点突破] give in让步；屈服；交上(作业或文字材料) give up放弃 give away泄露；赠送；捐赠 give out用完；耗尽；分发 [写作佳句] Luosifen is the most representative food of Liuzhou，which gives off a rich spicy taste. 螺蛳粉是柳州最具代表性的美食，散发出浓郁的辣味。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①The burning plastic gives off poisonous gas，which is harmful to our health. ②The children were required to give in their examination papers immediately. ③At the beginning，learning English seemed so difficult that I wanted to give up without even trying. ④After a month，their food supplies gave out． ⑤那个周末，我们去了附近的一个街区并把它们捐赠给那里的人。 That weekend，we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave_them_away_to_the_people there. 7 commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献 And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death. 而他则用他的承诺回报了我们——把我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡中拯救了出来。 [要点突破] ①make a commitment作出承诺 ②commit v．犯(错误或罪行)；承诺，忠于；花(金钱或时间) commit sb./oneself to (doing) sth.承诺/保证(做)某事(这里的to是介词) commit to doing sth.承诺做某事 ③committed adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的 be committed to doing sth.致力于做某事 [写作佳句] This famous quote conveys a universal truth that it takes enormous effort as well as consistent commitment to achieve success. 这句名言传达出一个普遍真理，即成功的取得需要付出巨大的努力和始终如一的奉献。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①(2020·江苏卷)And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment(commit)Wilson made to preventing the preventable. ②Countries around the world have already committed themselves to setting(set) up a Climate Adaptation Fund. ③Later he committed himself(he)to researching classical literature. ④他一直致力于帮助有需要的人学习英语。 He has_always_been_committed_to_helping people in need with their English study. What if ...？如果……怎么办？/倘若……将会怎样？ What if they were delayed? 如果他们被耽搁了怎么办？ [情境探究] ①What if she finds that you've lost her book? 如果她发现你把她的书弄丢了怎么办？ ②What if we moved the sofa over here? Would that look better? 要是我们把沙发挪到这边来会怎么样？看上去会不会好一些？ ③So what if nobody else agrees with me? 就算没有一个人赞成我的意见，那又怎么样？ [要点突破] ①“What if ...？”用于提出假设时，意思是“如果……怎么办？”“倘若……将会怎么样？”，其后句子可用陈述语气(用一般现在时)，也可用虚拟语气(用一般过去时或“should＋动词原形”)。 ②“What if ...？”表示邀请或建议时，意思是“如果……怎么样？”“如果……如何？”。 ③“So what if ...”意为“就算……那又怎样？”若句意清楚，“So what if ...”有时可省略成“So what？” [学以致用] 完成句子 ①倘若下雨时我们没处避雨怎么办？ What_if_it_rains when we can't get under shelter? ②如果我生病不能工作怎么办？ What_if_I_should_fall_sick/ill and not be able to work? ③我们改变一下做法，这次待在家里，怎么样？ What_if_we_stayed_at_home for a change? [课时梯级训练(十五)见P116] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$