Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Using Language & Other Parts（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Using Language & Other Parts Ⅰ.重点词汇 1．basin n．流域；盆地；盆 2．undergo vt.(underwent，undergone)经历；经受(变化、不快等) 3．implement vt.使生效；贯彻；执行 4．tropical adj.热带的；来自热带的 5．chaos n．混乱；杂乱；紊乱 6．nuclear adj.原子能的；核能的；原子核的 7．jungle n．(热带)丛林；密林 8．volume n．量；体积；(成套书籍中的)一卷 9．garbage n．垃圾；废物 10．enterprise n．公司；企业；事业 11．dozen n．(一)打；十二个 12．fine vt.对……处以罚款 13．campaign n．运动；战役 vi.& vt.参加运动；领导运动 14．waterway n．水道；航道 15．agenda n．议程表；议事日程 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1．reform vi.& vt.改革；(使)改正；改造 n．改革；变革；改良→reformer n．改革者 2．harmony n．和谐→harmonious adj.和谐的 3．moderate adj.适度的；中等的；温和的 vi.& vt.缓和；使适中→moderation n．适度；适中 4．submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submission n．屈服；提交 5．annual adj.每年的；一年的 n．年刊；年鉴→annually adv.年度地；一年一次地 6．sense n．感觉官能；感觉 v．意识到；感觉到→sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的 7．smog n．烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)→smoggy adj.烟雾弥漫的 8．origin n．起源；出身→originate vi.& vt. 起源；发源；创立→original adj.最初的→originally adv.原先；最初 9．restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复→restoration n．整修；修复；(规章制度等的)恢复 10．conserve v．保护→conservation n．(对环境、文物等)保护；保持→conservative adj.保守的 11．regulate v．控制；管理→regulation n．章程；规章制度 12．dispose v．处理；安排→disposal n．去掉；清除；处理→disposable adj.用完即丢弃的；一次性的 13．inspect v．检查，查看→inspection n．检查；查看；视察→inspector n．视察员 14．tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerance n．容忍；忍受→tolerant adj.宽容的 ①名词加后缀­al构成形容词，后缀­al表示“与……有关的；具有……特征的”。 origin→original　environment→environmental emotion→emotional　profession→professional ②动词加后缀­al构成名词，后缀­al表示“……的行为、状态、过程”。 dispose→disposal　approve→approval remove→removal　survive→survival Ⅲ.短语互译 1．代表(代替)某人on_behalf_of_ 2．许多；很多dozens_of 3．对……有影响have_effects_on_... 4．处理；应付deal_with 5．因……受苦；蒙受……疾苦suffer_from_... 6．在船上、飞机上或火车上on_board 7．as well as也；和；以及 8．end up最终处于 9．in order to为了 10．set up建立 11．carry out 执行；实施 12．in addition此外；另外 13．hold sb. responsible for ...让某人为……负责 14．in effect实际上；有效；实施中 Ⅳ.重点句式 1．句型：with＋宾语＋宾语补足语 教材原句：Water pollution levels increased，with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river. 翻译：更多的家庭和商业垃圾最终流入河中，致使水污染水平上升。 2．句型：现在分词(短语)作结果状语 教材原句：These chemicals led to severe water quality issues，causing a decrease in the number of fish species. 翻译：这些化学物质导致了严重的水质问题，从而导致鱼类数量减少。 3．句型：It is/was＋过去分词＋that从句 教材原句：With these measures，it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come. 翻译：相信通过这些措施，漓江之美将得以世代相传。 4．句型：now that引导原因状语从句 教材原句：“We can all breathe more freely now that the natural beauty of our village has been restored，” said Qi. 翻译：齐说道：“既然我们村庄的自然美景已经恢复，那么大家都可以更自由地呼吸了。” Ⅰ.文本理解 ►语篇特征 The text is a report_(practical_writing)． ►文章架构 ►主旨匹配 (　　)Para.1　A．Many other campaigns are in effect to tackle water pollution across China. (　　)Para.2　B．A comprehensive initiative was started and a number of measures were taken to address the issues. (　　)Para.3　C．The Li River's reputation as a top tourist destination has had negative effects on its water quality. (　　)Para.4　D．Both the growth in tourism and the rise in the local population contributed to water pollution in the Li River. 答案：Para.1～Para.4 CDBA ►细节探究 1．Which is not the cause of the Li River's pollution？(　　) A．Many tour boats. B．More household and commercial waste. C．Too many fish species. D．More chemicals. 2．According to the passage，which is not the measures that have been taken to reduce the pollution of the river？(　　) A．Preserving new generation. B.The construction of waste water treatment facilities. C.Setting up strict regulations. D．Spreading environmental awareness. 3．What does the writer think of the measures that have been taken？(　　) A．Effective.　　　　　　 B．Harmless. C．Useless. D．Opposed. 答案：1～3 CAA ►难句突破 1．Previously，water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists，many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river. 分析：many of whom引导非限制性定语从句。 翻译：先前，漓江的水质因游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏，很多游客频繁将垃圾扔进江中。 2．Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river's original beauty. 分析：concerned后接that引导的宾语从句；and连接并列谓语；felt后接that引导的宾语从句；to restore the river's original beauty是动词不定式作目的状语。 翻译：当地官员担心污染正在破坏自然环境，并认为应采取紧急措施恢复河流的原始美景。 ►课文语法填空 The beautiful Li River is one of the 1.most_famous(famous) tourist destinations，but the 2.growth(grow) in tourism has had negative effects on the river's water quality.This report looks at the problem of water pollution and some actions that have been taken to deal with it.Water quality in the Li River had suffered 3.greatly(great) from an increasing volume of tourists，many of 4.whom frequently threw garbage into the river.Many tour boats contributed 5.to the problem too.The local population rose rapidly，as well as 6.the number of commercial and industrial enterprises.Water pollution levels increased，with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.To feed more people，more chemicals 7.were__used(use) to increase crop production.These chemicals led to severe water quality issues，8.causing(cause) a decrease in the number of fish species.Finally，a series of urgent steps were taken 9.to_restore(restore) the river's original beauty.It 10.is_believed(believe) that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come. Ⅱ.原文释译 REDUCING WATER POLLUTION IN THE LI RIVER The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most well­known tourist destinations in China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.It attracts millions of domestic and foreign visitors each year.However，its reputation as a top destination has had negative effects on the river's water quality.This report looks at the problem of water pollution and some actions that have been taken to deal with it. Previously，water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists，many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.❶Many tour boats contributed to the problem too.Kitchens on board were using lots of oil，which was often thrown into the water.The growth in tourism also meant the local population rose rapidly，as well as the number of commercial and industrial enterprises.Water pollution levels increased，with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river.In order to feed more people，more chemicals were used to increase crop production. ❷These chemicals led to severe water quality issues，causing a decrease in the number of fish species. Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river's original beauty. A comprehensive initiative was started，with a number of measures that addressed the issues.The construction of waste water treatment facilities improved the water quality and water conservation.The collection and transport of household waste was also improved.Dozens of polluting enterprises were closed or moved.The local government set up strict regulations regarding further industrial development.New rules were also introduced regarding tour boat routes and garbage disposal methods.Furthermore，the local authorities began to use the media to spread environmental awareness and encourage greater use of clean energy.At the same time，they started to carry out inspections regularly and fine tourist organisations for abuses.With these measures，it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come. In addition，the ambitious “Water Ten Plan” is also now tackling water pollution across the country.Other initiatives，such as the “River Chief System”， hold senior officials responsible for reducing water pollution.With such campaigns in effect，China's waterways are heading towards a clean and sustainable future. ◆精学表达 Ⅰ.文本特征 1．语篇是一篇关于环境问题的报告。正文描述了漓江水污染治理的相关情况——包括问题描述、问题产生的原因分析、解决问题的具体措施以及成效。 2．语篇以“问题——成因——方案——结果”为顺序，运用多种句式结构(with复合结构、现在分词作结果状语、“it is/was＋过去分词＋that”句型以及被动语态等)，既客观描述了相关情形又增强了语篇的感染力，有利于激发读者的环保意识和分析问题、解决问题的思维能力，从而较好地实现写作目的。 Ⅱ.语言特色 1．多变表达 语篇在分析漓江水质变差这一问题时，句❶用了动词短语contributed to和名词problem；句❷用了动词短语led to、动词causing和名词issues。句❶运用了无灵主语，简短明了；句❷运用了现在分词短语作结果状语。同是“导致”，用词和句式各异，表达丰富。 2．逻辑衔接 文章倒数第二段在叙述为治理污染采取的几条措施时，also、furthermore、at the same time的运用使得该部分层次清晰、衔接自然。 ◆续写积累 1．环境描写——风景秀丽 The beautiful Li River and its amazing surrounding scenery is one of the most well­known tourist destinations in China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. [仿写]完成句子 ①那真的是一个巨大的湖，周围都是美丽的风景。 It was really a huge lake with_beautiful_scenery_all_around． ②望着窗外，他被那令人惊叹的景色所吸引。 Looking out of the window，he was attracted by the_amazing_scenery． 2．心理描写——忧心忡忡 Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river's original beauty. [仿写]完成句子 我们很担心他会忘记他的家在哪里。 We were_very_concerned_that he might forget where his home was. 参考译文 减少漓江的水污染 美丽的漓江及其周边迷人的风景是中国广西壮族自治区最著名的旅游目的地之一。它每年吸引数以百万计的国内外游客。然而，它作为首选旅游目的地的声誉对河流的水质却产生了负面影响。这份报告着眼于水污染问题以及为解决这一问题而采取的一些行动。 先前，漓江的水质因游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏，很多游客频繁将垃圾扔进江中。许多游船也导致了这个问题。船上的厨房使用大量的油，这些油经常被排入水中。旅游业的发展也意味着当地人口迅速增长以及工商企业的数量增加。更多的家庭和商业垃圾最终流入河中，致使水污染水平上升。为了养活更多的人，更多的化学物质被用于增加农作物的产量。这些化学物质导致了严重的水质问题，从而导致鱼类数量减少。当地官员担心污染正在破坏自然环境，并认为应采取紧急措施恢复河流的原始美景。 一项全面倡议启动了，采取了若干措施解决这些问题。污水处理设施的建设改善了水质，节约了用水。生活垃圾的收集和运输也得到了改善。数十家污染企业被关闭或搬迁。当地政府针对工业的进一步发展制定了严格规章。有关游船路线和垃圾处理方法的新规定也已出台。此外，地方当局开始利用媒体宣传环保意识，鼓励更多地使用清洁能源。同时，他们开始定期进行检查，并对滥用职权的旅游组织进行罚款。相信通过这些措施，漓江之美将得以世代相传。 另外，“水十条”的宏伟规划现在也是为了治理整个国家的水污染问题。其他方案，例如“河长制”这样的举措让高级官员承担起减少水污染的职责。随着这些行动的实施，中国的水资源正朝着洁净的、可持续发展的未来迈进。 1 harmonious adj.和谐的 In response to this environmental issue，China is implementing significant policies and measures to address climate change，aiming to restrict coal consumption，promote a harmonious relationship between man and nature，build a sustainable energy system，and advocate a moderate，green，and low­carbon lifestyle. 为应对这一环境问题，中国正在实施应对气候变化的重大政策和措施，旨在限制煤炭消耗，促进人与自然的和谐关系，建立可持续的能源体系，倡导适度、绿色、低碳的生活方式。 [要点突破] ①harmony n．协调；融洽 in harmony with ...与……协调；与……和谐相处 ②harmoniously adv.和谐地 [写作佳句] Enriching every day with good deeds and life will be more beautiful and harmonious. 用善行充实每一天，生活将会更加美好和谐。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①Anyone who opts to go on Alaska Mean River Time will live in harmony with the planet. ②I'm firmly convinced of the importance of honesty，which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious(harmony) society. ③南方人会吃汤圆，汤圆象征着家庭的团结与和谐。 People in the southern part will eat tangyuan, or sweet dumplings，symbolizing the_unity_and_harmony__in_a_family． ④中国人民继续发扬长征精神，共同建设幸福和谐的家园。 The Chinese people continue to carry forward the Long March spirit and build a_happy_and_harmonious_home together. 2 submit vt.& vi.提交；呈递；屈服 According to the report submitted by researchers，between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests. 根据研究人员提交的报告，每年20%到25%的二氧化碳排放是由热带森林被破坏造成的。 [要点突破] ①submit sth.to sb.把某物提交给某人 submit to sb./sth.顺从/屈服于某人/某物 ②submission n．提交(物)；呈递；归顺；屈服 [写作佳句] In my view，the best approach to trying out for a performance is recording a folk song and submitting it to the school. 在我看来，参加选拔最好的方式是录一首民歌并提交给学校。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①(2022·新高考 Ⅰ 卷)All the assignments will be_submitted(submit)by the assigned date through Blackboard，our online learning and course management system. ②It is necessary to fix a definite date for the submission(submit) of your paper. ③All of these had continued until he finally finished the entrance exam and submitted the application to his dream college. ④The works submitted(submit)，in which you can express your great love to our motherland，should focus on the topic. ⑤她是一个意志坚强的人， 从不向失败屈服。 She is a strong­willed person who_never_submits_to_failure． 3 on behalf of 代表(代替)某人 I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming. 我正在代表学校做一个关于全球变暖的项目。 [要点突破] in/on behalf of sb.＝on sb.'s behalf代表(代替)某人；为了某人 [写作佳句] It's my great honour to express our warm welcome to you on behalf of our school. 我很荣幸代表我们学校向你们表示热烈的欢迎。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①Mr. Knight cannot be here，so his wife will accept the prize on his(he) behalf. ②我们为无家可归者而募捐。 We collected money in_behalf_of_the_homeless． ③我代表我的家人，真诚地邀请你来中国度过一个美好的春节。 On_behalf_of_my_family，I sincerely invite you to China to experience a wonderful Spring Festival. 4 sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的 Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic? 为什么核能是一个敏感话题？ [要点突破] ①be sensitive about/to ...对……敏感 ②sense n．感觉；意识；意义；理智 vt.感觉到 make sense讲得通；有道理 make sense of理解，弄懂 There is no sense in (doing) sth.(做)某事是没有意义的。 ③sensitively adv.敏感地 [写作佳句] If you are too sensitive about what people think of you，it will make you exhausted. 如果你对别人对于你的看法太敏感，这会让你疲惫不堪。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①(2022·全国乙卷)The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. ②Deal with these issues sensitively(sensitive)but swiftly.And always remember to respect your kids. ③Explain your theory at length，otherwise the audience won't make sense of what you are trying to get across. ④所有意见都有道理，因此很难选出最好的一条。 All_the_opinions_made_sense，so it was hard to choose the best one. ⑤就我而言，现在为这件事烦恼是没有意义的。 As far as I'm concerned，there_is_no_sense_in getting upset about it now. 5 originate vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立 The expression “smog” originated in Britain and means a combination of “smoke” and “fog”． “smog(烟雾)”一词起源于英国，意思是“smoke(烟)”和“fog(雾)”的结合。 [要点突破] ①originate from发源于；起源于 ②origin n．起源；起因 in origin起源；从根源上来说 ③original adj.最初的；原先的；独创的；原作的 ④originally adv.原先；最初 [写作佳句] Yangko，a rural Chinese folk dance with a history dating back thousands of years，originates from farming life in ancient times. 秧歌是一种中国民间舞蹈，起源于古代农耕文明时期，已有数千年的历史。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/句型转换 ①My early intention of gardening may not have originated from my love of nature. ②Originally(original)，we had intended to go to Italy，but then we won the trip to Greece. ③Most of the names are either Swedish，Danish，Finnish or Norwegian in origin. ④我们中的一些人在阅读英语材料方面有很大的困难，尤其是名著原著。 Some of us have great trouble reading English materials，especially _famous_original_works． ⑤Football，which originates from cuju，can be traced back to as far back as the Han Dynasty of Ancient China. →Football，originating_from_cuju，can be traced back to as far back as the Han Dynasty of Ancient China.(分词作定语) 6 restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复 Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river's original beauty. 当地官员担心污染正在破坏自然环境，并认为应采取紧急措施恢复河流的原始美景。 [要点突破] ①restore sth.修复某物；恢复某物 restore sb./sth.to ...使某人/某物恢复到…… ②restoration n．整修；修复；恢复 [写作佳句] (2024·新课标 Ⅰ 卷)Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. 栖息地修复团队的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子/同义句改写 ①The restoration(restore) of the castle took a year and cost a lot of money. ②Beautifully restored (restore) to its 1860 appearance，the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. ③When a man is somewhat disturbed，the company of a friend will restore him to some degree of peace. ④清除了羞耻，恢复了信心，这是多么令人宽慰啊。 What a relief it was to clear the shame and restore_the_faith． ⑤We hope to make the garden as beautiful as it used to be. →We hope to restore_the_garden_to its former glory. 7 disposal n．去掉；清除；处理 New rules were also introduced regarding tour boat routes and garbage disposal methods. 有关游船路线和垃圾处理方法的新规定也已出台。 [要点突破] ①at one's disposal任某人处理；供某人任意使用；由某人自行支配 ②dispose v．编排；处理；安排；支配 dispose of sb./sth.处理/解决/清除某物；击败某人 [写作佳句] Students' habits of properly disposing of the garbage will be developed and such habits will be carried into their adult years. 学生将养成正确处理垃圾的习惯，这样的习惯将延续到他们成年。 [学以致用] 赏句猜义/完成句子 ①While walking back home with an excited mind，I conceived many plans about how to dispose of it.处理 ②Let's dispose of this matter once and for all.解决 ③It took her a mere 20 minutes to dispose of her opponent.击败 ④将有一辆汽车供他在整个月内任意使用。 He will have a car at_his_disposal for the whole month. ⑤他的工作不仅要处理难题，还要应对突如其来的挑战。 His job is not_only_to_dispose_of_difficulties but (also) to meet unexpected challenges. 8 tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许 The villagers could no longer tolerate the situation. 村民们再也不能容忍这种情况了。 [要点突破] ①tolerate (doing) sth.容忍(做)某事 ②tolerance n．容忍；宽容 have no tolerance of/for sth.不能容忍某事/物 ③tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的 be tolerant of/towards sb./sth.忍受/宽容某人/某事 [写作佳句] Ms.Rose just occasionally reminded her students of the deadline，and that she wouldn't tolerate anyone not having finished homework. 罗斯女士只是偶尔提醒她的学生截止日期，她不会容忍任何人没有完成家庭作业。 表示“容忍；忍受”的动词(短语)还有bear、stand、endure、put up with等。tolerate和stand后只接动词­ing形式作宾语；bear和endure可接动词­ing和动词不定式两种形式作宾语。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①Lucy could not tolerate their making(make) up any excuses for what they did. ②Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase，she gave him a tolerant (tolerate) smile and let him go. ③Tolerance(tolerate)just means that you should respect the differences in others and not try to make them change. ④幸运的是，我的父母对于我对书的选择很宽容。 Luckily，my parents were_tolerant_of_my_choice_of_books． ⑤我可以忍受房间凌乱，但我讨厌它不干净。 I can tolerate_the_room_being_untidy，but I hate it if it's not clean. 1 with＋宾语＋宾语补足语 Water pollution levels increased，with more household and commercial waste ending up in the river. 更多的家庭和商业垃圾最终流入河中，致使水污染水平上升。 [情境探究] ①With prices going up so fast，we can't afford luxuries. 物价上涨很快，我们买不起奢侈品。 ②With all things settled，they left for Hangzhou on holiday. 一切都安顿好之后，他们就去杭州度假了。 ③He walked into the room with a book in his hand. 他手里拿着一本书走进房间。 [要点突破] ①“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，即with的复合结构。 ②宾语补足语 ③with的复合结构在句中可以作定语或状语。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①He lay still on the beach，with his eyes fixed(fix) on the blue sky. ②With so many people to_help(help) us，we are sure to finish it in time. ③She said goodbye with tears in her eyes. ④随着高考的临近，很多学生开始调整自己的心态。 With_the_College_Entrance_Examination_approaching，many students start to adjust their mentality. ⑤夜里所有的窗户都开着，他睡着了。 With_all_the_windows_open_at_night，he fell asleep. 2 now that引导原因状语从句 “We can all breathe more freely now that the natural beauty of our village has been restored，” said Qi. 齐说道：“既然我们村庄的自然美景已经恢复，那么大家都可以更自由地呼吸了。” [情境探究] ①How do you fill your day now that you've retired? 既然你已经退休了，你要怎么打发你的日子？ ②Since you're not interested，I won't tell you about it. 既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你了。 ③Now that the kids have left home，we've got a lot of extra space. 因为孩子们已经离开家了，我们有了很多额外的空间。 [要点突破] ①now that意为“既然；因为”，引导原因状语从句，口语中that常省略。 ②引导原因状语从句的从属连词还有because(因为)、as(由于)、since(既然)、seeing/considering/given (that) (考虑到)等。 [学以致用] 完成句子 ①既然你已经完成了工作，你就应该好好休息一下。 You ought to have a good rest since/now_that_you've_finished_the_work． ②既然你一直对中国文化感兴趣，我认为北京语言大学对你来说是一个理想的地方。 Since/Now_that_you_have_always_been_interested_in Chinese culture，I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you. [课时梯级训练(十一)见P152] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$