课时梯级训练(10) Section Ⅱ Learning About Language（Word练习）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2019）

课时梯级训练(十)　Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The physics teacher told his students that light travels(travel) faster than sound. 2．She said that she was_writing(write) a letter when he knocked at the door. 3．Emma，a female crane，has been in their care since she arrived in 2004. 4．The expert advised us to_work (work) together to stop climate change. 5．Mary asked me if/whether I would go to the cinema with her that evening. 6．The little girl told him that she had_watched(watch) the wonderful football match the month before. 7．Mr. Wang told the children that he would_leave(leave) for Beijing on business next month. 8．The match was put off to the next day because of bad weather. 9．He begged his mother to_let(let) him stay up a little longer that night. 10．He said they had insisted that she start(start) immediately. Ⅱ.将下列句子转换成间接引语 1．“Don't forget to give the message to my wife，” he said to Li Ping. →He_told_Li_Ping_not_to_forget_to_give_the_message_to_his_wife. 2．“Mum，please help me find my shirt，” he said. →He_asked_his_mother_to_help_him_find_his_shirt. 3．The soldier ordered，“Be quiet.” →The_soldier_ordered_us_to_be_quiet. 4．“Don't spend too much time on football！” Mother said to me. →Mother_told_me_not_to_spend_too_much_time_on_football. 5．“Will you sleep and get up early，children？” Father said. →Father_asked_the_children_whether_they_would_sleep_and_get_up_early. Ⅲ.根据本单元所学知识完成句子 1．他告诉母亲如果有足够的时间，他会去游泳。 He told his mother that_if_he_had_enough_time，he_would_go_swimming． 2．他问我们汤姆是那天还是前一天离开的。 He asked us whether_Tom_had_left_that_day_or_the_day_before． 3．他对我说：“我把书落在你的房间里了。” He said to me，“I_left_the_book_in_your_room．” 4．父亲问彼得：“你昨晚什么时候睡觉的？” Father asked Peter，“When_did_you_go_to_bed_last_night？” 5．他告诉我第二天不要迟到。 He told me not_to_be_late_the_next_day． Ⅳ.阅读理解 (2024·辽宁省名校联盟高二联考)In November 2023，Virgin Atlantic flew a large passenger jet from London to New York using 100% “Sustainable Aviation(航空) Fuel(SAF)”．The flight was meant to show that it's possible to fly using cleaner fuels. The fuel used on the flight was mainly made from used cooking oils and animal fats.A small part of the fuel was made from corn waste.Virgin Atlantic says that using SAF cuts the flight's pollution by 70%.SAF still pollutes when it's burned，just like regular jet fuel.However，the difference is in how the fuels are made. SAF is made from plants (and related animal products) that once absorbed carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air.When SAF burns，it just releases this same CO2 again.That's different from jet fuel，which is made from oil exploited from underground，releasing CO2 that was deeply buried. SAF may sound great，but it still has many problems.For one thing，SAF costs five times as much as regular jet fuel.That helps explain why only one­tenth of 1% of the fuel airlines currently use is SAF.Virgin Atlantic is hoping that its flight will encourage more companies to produce SAF and that this will bring the price down. But even if the price of SAF drops，critics say there are still big problems with it.They say it's easy to make small amounts of SAF out of plant waste.But to make as much SAF as the airlines really need would require farmers to grow plants for fuel instead of for eating.This could also lead to more forests being cut down for farmland. Airlines like SAF because it can be used now in existing planes with no changes.They hope it will help quickly reduce airplane pollution until non­polluting fuels are developed. Governments seem to agree that SAF is a step in the right direction.Both the United States and the European Union have set targets that will sharply increase the use of SAF in coming years. 1．What makes SAF superior to regular jet fuel? A．Its production method. B．Being pollution­free. C．Its storage technology. D．Being easy to burn. 2．What does the underlined word “exploited” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Destroyed. B．Replaced. C．Drawn. D．Checked. 3．Why are only a few fuel airlines using SAF? A．SAF is heavy. B．SAF is expensive. C．SAF needs new equipment. D．SAF may cause safety issues. 4．What is governments' probable attitude towards using SAF? A．Unclear. B．Negative. C．Doubtful. D．Approving. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可持续航空燃料(SAF)的优缺点。 1．A　[解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However，the difference is in how the fuels are made.(然而，不同之处在于燃料是如何制造的。)”和第三段中的“SAF is made from plants (and related animal products) that once absorbed carbon dioxide(CO2) from the air.[SAF是由曾经从空气中吸收二氧化碳的植物(以及相关的动物产品)制成的。]”可知，制作方法让SAF优于普通的喷气燃料。故选A。 2．C　[解析]词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“这与喷气燃料不同，喷气燃料是由地下‘exploited’的石油制成的，释放出深埋在地下的二氧化碳。”可知，喷气燃料是由地下开采的石油制成的。故画线词的意思与drawn“抽出”接近。故选C。 3．B　[解析]细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For one thing，SAF costs five times as much as regular jet fuel.”可知，SAF的价格是普通喷气燃料的五倍，因此SAF价格昂贵。故选B。 4．D　[解析]推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Governments seem to agree that SAF is a step in the right direction.”可知，各国政府似乎都同意SAF是朝着正确方向迈出的一步，因此，政府对SAF是支持的。故选D。 Ⅴ.七选五阅读 People may appreciate the mighty sea and those deep，dark lakes when it comes to waters.1.______ However，ponds are an important body of water as they fight climate change，improve biodiversity，and help conservation，according to The Revelator organization.So if you are thinking about creating a beautiful and enriching element to your garden this spring，consider a pond. 2．______ In Switzerland，less than ten percent of the ponds from the last 200 years remain.And in the UK，less than a quarter of the ponds that existed at the start of the 20th century are still around. Nowadays，a European organization called PONDERFUL is trying to give ponds power by increasing awareness of their importance.They are the unsung heroes of the natural world and are in the front line of climate action，supporting wildlife and capturing harmful emissions. Adding even a tiny pond in your garden can achieve natural wonders and will actually better all other ecosystems，according to Pond Informer，an online guide about ponds.3.______ For example，ponds are a shelter for frogs that eat insects and keep the ecosystem balanced. They also offer a space for birds to bathe，cool，off and drink.4.______ They help with pollination，spread seeds，and control insects.Swallows can eat hundreds of thousands of insects each night，bugs that may just munch on your garden during the day! With help now on the way，Switzerland has made hundreds of new ponds thus increasing the population of birds and frogs，including the endangered European tree frog.5.______ A．Ponds are simply disappearing. B．Tiny ponds are usually ignored. C．In turn，these birds can benefit your garden. D．Your pond can play a part in your community. E．People can have a great time by creating the ponds. F．A pond becomes home to many plants and animals. G．Small，shallow ponds are being restored on former golf courses in the UK. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章首先介绍了被大家忽视的池塘逐渐消失的情况。之后因为大家认识到其对生态带来的巨大好处，又开始重新修建或者修复原有池塘。 1．B　[解析]上文“People may appreciate the mighty sea and those deep，dark lakes when it comes to waters.”指出，谈到水域，大家可能欣赏的是大海和湖泊。下文“However，ponds are an important body of water ...according to The Revelator organization.”指出池塘也很重要。选项B“小池塘通常被忽视。”承接上文，又和下文构成转折关系，符合语境。故选B。 2．A　[解析]下文“In Switzerland，less than ten percent of the ponds ...existed at the start of the 20th century are still around.”通过举例指出池塘逐渐消失。选项A“池塘正在消失。”引起下文，符合语境。故选A。 3．F　[解析]下文“For example，ponds are a shelter for frogs that eat insects and keep the ecosystem balanced.”指出池塘是青蛙的家。选项F“一个池塘会成为许多植物和动物的家园。”引起下文，符合语境。故选F。 4．C　[解析]上文“They also offer a space for birds to bathe，cool，off and drink.”指出，池塘也为鸟类提供了住所。下文“They help with pollination，spread seeds，and control insects.”指出，鸟类又反过来帮助授粉等。从上文转折到鸟给花园生态带来的好处，而下文又是对空处的具体说明，因此选项C“反过来，这些鸟类也能使你的花园获益。”符合语境。故选C。 5．G　[解析]上文“With help now on the way，Switzerland has made ...including the endangered European tree frog.”指出，瑞士建造了新的池塘。选项G“英国以前的高尔夫球场上小而浅的池塘正在被修复。”指出英国也在恢复池塘，都是呈现保护池塘的实例，前后联系密切，符合语境。故选G。 Ⅵ.语法填空 (2023·柳州高二检测)Yucun and Xidi，two villages in eastern China，1.__________(entitle) “Best Tourism Villages” by World Tourism Organization in 2021.The “Best Tourism Villages” initiative aims to promote the role of tourism in 2.__________(protect) rural villages，along with their landscapes，natural and cultural diversity.The two villages will gain access to an exchange platform 3.__________(sponsor) by World Tourism Organization and receive support from it. The village of Yucun，located in Anji County of east China's Zhejiang Province，is often referred to as a “beautiful town” as its 4.__________(environmental) conscious(有……意识的) local authorities treasure the area's clear waters and green mountains.Back in the 1980s and 1990s，the village based its economy 5.__________ the area's high­quality mineral resources and became the 6.__________(rich) community in Anji，but it also paid 7.__________ high price for pollution.In recent years，Yucun has made the effort 8.__________(improve) its environment and by now it has become a popular tourist destination. Xidi，9.__________ unique，elegant black tile(瓦片) roof wooden houses and decorative gate towers are well­known，is located just 40 km from the Huangshan tourist attraction.Xidi ranks among China's ten most important historic and cultural 10.__________(center). 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了两个被世界旅游组织评为“最佳旅游村”的村子——余村和西递村。 1．were entitled　[解析]考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：位于中国东部的余村和西递村于2021年被世界旅游组织评为“最佳旅游村”。分析句子成分可知，空处应为谓语动词。根据时间状语in 2021，时态是一般过去时，且主语Yucun and Xidi和动词entitle是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语Yucun and Xidi为复数，谓语也用复数形式。故填were entitled。 2．protecting　[解析]考查非谓语动词。句意：“最佳旅游村”倡议旨在促进旅游业在保护乡村及其景观、自然和文化多样性方面的作用。根据空后的名词短语和空前的介词in可知，空处应为动名词，作宾语。故填protecting。 3．sponsored　[解析]考查非谓语动词。句意：两个村庄将进入由世界旅游组织赞助的交流平台并得到该组织的支持。分析句子成分可知，空处应为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰an exchange platform，且动词sponsor与an exchange platform之间为动宾关系。故填sponsored。 4．environmentally　[解析]考查副词。句意：余村位于中国东部浙江省安吉县，通常被称为“美丽小镇”，当地政府有环保意识，重视对当地的绿水青山的保护。空后是形容词conscious，应用副词修饰。故填environmentally。 5．on/upon　[解析]考查介词。句意：早在20世纪80年代和90年代，该村就以该地区优质矿产资源为经济基础，成为安吉最富有的社区，但也为污染付出了高昂的代价。固定搭配base ...on/upon ...“把……建立在……基础上”。故填on/upon。 6．richest　[解析]考查形容词的最高级。句意见上题解析。根据空前的定冠词the以及句意可知，空处应为形容词的最高级。故填richest。 7．a　[解析]考查冠词。句意见第5题解析。结合句意，表示泛指应用不定冠词，且high以辅音音素开头。故填a。 8．to improve　[解析]考查非谓语动词。句意：近年来，余村一直在努力改善环境，现在它已经成为一个受欢迎的旅游目的地。make the effort to do sth.表示“努力做某事”。故填to improve。 9．whose　[解析]考查定语从句的关系词。句意：西递，以其独特、优雅的黑瓦屋顶木屋和装饰门塔而闻名，距离黄山旅游景点仅40千米。分析句子成分可知，空处应为引导非限制性定语从句的连接代词，指代先行词Xidi，为物，且关系词在从句中充当定语。故填whose。 10．centers　[解析]考查名词的数。句意：西递是中国十大历史文化中心之一。根据ten及提示词可知，应为可数名词的复数。故填centers。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$