高中英语阅读理解之细节理解题 课件-2025届高三下学期英语二轮复习专项

阅读理解专项复习之 细节理解题 高考英语阅读理解题考查方式 细节理解题的题型考察占比最大 占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点 词义 猜测题 主旨大意题 推理判断题 细节理解题 2 考情分析 年份 卷别 题号 2024 新高考I卷 21、22、23、24、25、30、 32、 33、 34 2024 新高考II卷 21、22、23、25、26、27、28、29、30、 34 2023 新高考I卷 21、23、24、26、28、33 2023 新高考II卷 21、22、23、24、25、27、29、32、35 2022 新高考I卷 22、25、26、27、32、33 2022 新高考II卷 21、22、23、25、26、27、29、34 2021 新高考I卷 21、22、23、24、26、27、28、32 2021 新高考Ⅱ卷 21、22、23、24、27、28、30、32、33、34 近四年阅读理解细节理解题考点细目 【Part I：细节理解题2025年新高考英语题型解读】 在历年高考阅读理解中，对细节理解类题型的考查同往年一样，依然占了较大的比例，全国及各省、市均有对此题型的考查，无一例外。细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。常见的命题方式通常有： 【Part I：细节理解题2025年新高考英语题型解读】 常见的命题方式通常有： 1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, why,how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题； 2.以是非题的形式。true /false, not true / false或EXCEPT，如:All of the following are true/ false EXCEPT.近年这种题型较少； 3.以According to… 开头提问方式； 4.以填空题的形式，如：（1）To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised________.（2）By the first sentence of the passage author means that________.（3）It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on________. 5.就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。 【设题趋势】 特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节，或就文中的数字进行提问。 1.正确选项 同义替换 (1)替换关键词。把原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换,如把lose one’s job换成了be out of work (2)改变词性。有些选项把原文中的一些词变换了一下词性,如把important变换成of importance (3)改变语态。如主动语态与被动语态的转换 信息归纳 用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息,设置为正确答案 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项 原文原词 用原文原词作为正确选项 【设题趋势】 特殊疑问句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节，或就文中的数字进行提问。 2.干扰选项 张冠李戴 是原文信息,但不是题目要求的内容 无中生有 符合常识,但不是文章的内容 曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似,只是在某个细节处有些变动 颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反 正误参半 部分正确,部分错误 【常考类型】 题型1 直接信息题 正确选项不仅在原文中可直接找到，而且措辞也与原文一模一样（原词替换）。 题型2 间接信息题 命题的隐蔽性更强,不能在文中直接找到。其正确选项一般都会在原文的基础上予以改造如对原文的同义/近义/反义/派生的转述 题型3 数字计算题 涉及年龄、价格、时间、数量等具体数字，要求考生在文中找到数据并进行对比、简单计算或推断的题。 解题技巧 · 须掌握 02. 技法一　直接信息题——定位比对找答案 直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。解此类试题常用“定位比对”法。解题流程如下： 1.直接信息题解题策略---直接定位法 2022全国甲卷阅读 A篇 St David’s Hall St David’s Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff’s entertainment centre.With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall, St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff. It presents live entertainment, including pop, rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music. The Hayes,Cardiff CF10 1AH www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk 21.Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted? A.At the New Theatre. B.At the Glee Club. C.At Sherman Cymru. D.At St David’s Hall. 21. 【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章“St David’s Hall”部分中的“St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff (St David’s Hall是Cardiff一年一度的Welsh Proms的举办地)”可知，Cardiff的Welsh Proms活动在St David’s Hall举办。故选D。 23. Who was the first African American with a medical degree? A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B. Tan Yunxian. C. James Barry. D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 - 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. (2023·全国乙卷阅读A片段) 直接信息题 答案：D 题型：细节理解题 正确选项D“Rebecca Lee Crumpler”（丽贝卡·李·克拉姆普勒）与原文中提到的“Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree.”（四年后，她成为第一位获得医学学位的非洲裔美国女性）相符。 Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) Enhance your photography skills-join Yellowstone's park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone. 6/19-Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point. 7/10-Wildflowers &White Balance:meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. 23.Where will the participants meet for the July10 photography workshop? A. Artist Point. B.Washburn Trailhead. C.Canyon Village Store. D.Visitor Education Center. 1.直接信息题(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读A片段) 正确选项为原文直接呈现 23.B。细节题。根据文章“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)(摄影研讨会(6 月 19 日和 7月 10 日))”部分中的“7/10-Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.(7/10-Wildflowers &White Balance:在奇滕登停车场的 Washburn Trailhead 举行)”可知，7 月 10 日的摄影研讨会将在 Washburn Trailhead 举行。故选 B 项。 技法二　间接信息题——同义转换定答案 间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，会涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”和“人与自然”三大主题语境。解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。解题流程如下： 2.间接信息题解题策略---“分析、概括、归纳”法 2022·全国甲·B篇 Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia，have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild，the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment，cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape，and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut. 24.How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment? A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool. C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid. 2.间接信息题解题策略---“分析、概括、归纳”法 2018全国Ⅰ卷A篇 Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, DC Duration: 3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for DC newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, DC in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route (路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. 22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A.Meet famous people. B.Go to a national park. C.Visit well-known museums. D.Enjoy interesting stories. 22. D解析：首先找到“Capital City Bike Tour”这一段。“Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most ,interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. 一路上，见多识广的导游会给你讲有关总统、国会、纪念馆和公园的各种最有趣的故事。”可以发现“interesting stories”是原文就有的，其他几项原文并未提到，所以答案为D。 2.间接信息题解题策略---“分析、概括、归纳”法 2018年全国Ⅲ卷D篇·34 …The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less. I found the pre-holidays a good time…For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. 34.Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd? A. To try out an idea. B. To show a parent’s love. C. To train his attention. D. To help him start a hobby. 34. A 事实细节题 作者在第三段首先提出了更深层的问题：我们如何帮助 他们过精简的生活？接着根据 Yesterday, I sat withmy son, Shepherd,determined to test mg own theory on this 可知，作者决定通过和儿子玩游戏来验正自己的想法。 技法三　数字计算题——整合推算得答案 数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。设问方式以when，in which year，how many/much等疑问词(组)开头引出问题。解此类试题常用“整合推算”法。解题流程如下： 3.数字计算题解题策略---加减乘除法 2022年全国乙卷阅读A Admission ￡4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free. Schools and Colleges A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers. 22.How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission? A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12.　　 D.￡16. 22. B【解析】细节理解题。根据Admission部分“£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.(4英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。)”可知，一对夫妇应付4+4=8英镑，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B项。 学校和学院所有接受全日制教育的人，包括具有本科学士学位的人，在教师的组织下，可以享受每人2英镑的特殊低价门票。 4英镑。12岁以下儿童在一位成人陪同下免费入场。 3.数字计算题解题策略---加减乘除法 2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C At present, the world has about 6，800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1，000; Africa 2，400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 30.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present? A. About 6,800. B. About 3,400. C. About 2,400. D. About 1,200. 30.B 解析：定位到第三段，根据本段最后一句“世界语言使用人数的中位数为6000人，这意味着世界上有一半的语言使用人数要少于这一数字。”可知使用人数不足6000人的语言占世界语言的一半，那么我们只需要知道世界上目前有多少语言就行了。根据本段第一句“目前，世界上有大约6800种语言”。所以6800的一半就是3400。 4. 综合信息题---“分析、概括、归纳”法 2021·全国乙卷阅读A All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport. ·Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang, D.P.R.Korea. Capacity: 150，000.Opened：May 1，1989. ·Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S. Capacity: 107，601. Opened：October 1, 1927. ·Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U.S. Capacity：106，572.Opened：September 17，1960. ·Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.Capacity：104，944. Opened：October 7, 1922. ·Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U.S.Capacity：102，512. Opened：September 24，1927. 22.Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest? A.Michigan Stadium. B.Beaver Stadium. C.Ohio Stadium. D.Kyle Field. 2021·全国乙卷阅读A 【22题详解】细节定位题。根据文章最后部分中的“Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened October 7, 1922.” (美国俄亥俄州哥伦布市俄亥俄体育场，容纳人数：104,944人。1922年10月7日开业。)及其他四个著名竞技场的开放时间介绍可知，Ohio Stadium开放时间最早在1922年，属于年代最久远的。故选C项 　　（2024·南京模拟）In 2010， Justin Horner was driving down a busy freeway in Portland， Ore.， when his tire blew out. He pulled over to the side of the road and made a sign that said he needed help. 　　Three hours later， a van finally pulled up. Out came a family of four. They were Latino， and their young daughter acted as translator between her parents’ Spanish and Horner’s English， so that they could work together to fix Horner’s car.★ 目录 　　They took about an hour， starting with the father finding a log on the side of the road， and using it to lift the car. When they finished， the mom pulled out a big jug of water， and they drank and washed their hands. 　　“I just thanked them and I tried to give her money，” Horner recalled. “I only had a $20 bill， and I just thought， you know， it’s the least I could do. And she just wouldn’t take it.” But Horner was resolute， and eventually he put the money in her hand， and walked away. 目录 　　Then he heard their small daughter call out， to ask Horner if he was hungry. Indeed he was， and she came over with a pancake from their cooler. They exchanged thank-yous， she got into the van， and the family started to drive away. 　　“As they’re trying to get into traffic， I unwrapped the pancake and my money was in the pancake，” Horner said. Horner immediately ran over to the van to draw the father’s attention. 目录 　　“He rolls down his window. He sees me coming and he’s just shaking his head. And I keep saying like， ‘Por favor， por favor’ — I’m holding a bill out，” Horner remembered. “And with this big smile on his face， he just says， ‘Today you， tomorrow me.’”　 　　The man then gave Horner a wave， rolled up the window， and drove off. The last thing Horner saw was the young girl waving goodbye through the window and he never saw them again. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。当Justin Horner的车在高速公路上爆胎 时，好心的一家人及时出现并帮他修好了车；当他拿出20美元感谢对方 时，对方拒绝了，同时说了一句很经典的话——Today you， tomorroe.。 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。当Justin Horner的车在高速公路上爆胎 时，好心的一家人及时出现并帮他修好了车；当他拿出20美元感谢对方 时，对方拒绝了，同时说了一句很经典的话——Today you， tomorrow me.。 目录 1. What happened to Justin Horner on his way in Portland？（　　） A. He got lost. B. His food ran out. C. His car broke down. D. He was stuck in traffic. 解析：　细节理解题。根据第一段中的Justin Horner was driving down a busy freeway in Portland， Ore.， when his tire blew out.可知，Justin Horner在俄勒冈州波特兰市一条繁忙的高速公路上开车时，轮胎爆了。 √ 目录 2. Why did the small daughter give Horner a pancake？（　　） A. To express her thanks. B. To show her kindness. C. To win Horner’s recognition. D. To give back Horner’s money. 解析：　细节理解题。根据第五、六段可知，那位父亲帮助作者修好 了汽车，他的女儿给作者一块煎饼，煎饼里放着作者送给对方（作为感 谢费）的20美元。 √ 目录 3. What did the father mean by saying “Today you， tomorrow me.” in Paragraph 7？（　　） A. Everyone should be kind. B. Everyone can be in trouble. C. Everyone should learn to repair a car. D. Everyone should be grateful to others. 解析：　推理判断题。结合上文内容以及这位父亲说Today you， tomorrow me.这句话的情景可推知，他想表达的意思是：今天你会遇到 麻烦，明天我可能也会遇到麻烦。 √ 目录 4. Which of the following can best describe the father’s behaviour？（　　） A. Change danger into safety. B. Offer fuel in snowy weather. C. Act bravely for a just cause. D. Risk one’s life to save others. 解析：　推理判断题。综合全文可知，当Justin Horner在高速公路上汽 车爆胎、手足无措时，好心的一家人及时出现并帮他修好了车。因此用 “雪中送炭”来形容这位父亲的行为是最恰当的。 √ 目录 词汇 积累 blow out 　　　 　　　爆胎 pull up 慢慢停下 recall v. 回忆；记起 resolute adj. 坚决的 unwrap vt. 打开 熟词 生义 draw 目录 难句解 读 译文：他们是拉丁裔，他们的小女儿在父母的西班牙语和霍纳 的英语之间充当翻译，这样他们就可以一起修理霍纳的车。 译文：他们是拉丁裔，他们的小女儿在父母的西班牙语和霍纳 的英语之间充当翻译，这样他们就可以一起修理霍纳的车。 目录 2022年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷） A For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis (危机) in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate (房地产) firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1,600 miles away. It didn’t take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job. 21. Why did Merebeth change her job? A. She wanted to work near her home. B. She was tired of working in the office. C. Her sister asked her to move to Denver. D. Her former employer was out of business. A篇答案： 21.D 解析：本文是一篇记叙文，主要叙述了Merebeth 由于公司破产失业后，在机缘巧合下成为宠物运送员，不仅帮助了动物，而且收获了旅行带来的精神自由。 21题详解：事实细节题 根据题干中的 change her job定位到第一段第四句The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.可知，Merebeth之所以 换工作是因为她所在的公司破产停业了。D项中的 was out of business 与文中的 went broke是同义替换。 C The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia (失智症) in later life, and if they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women. Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said: “These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people’s cardiovascular (心血管的) fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.” For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak (最大值的) cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts. 27. What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph? A. Positive effects of doing exercises. B. Exercises suitable for the middle-aged. C. Experimental studies on dementia. D. Advantages of sporty woman over man. 2022年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷） 27题详解：事实细节题 根据第一段第一句 The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.可 知，the ever-growing list指的是（运动好处）不断增长的清单。选项A中的exercise是原词复现，positive effects 是原文中 benefits的同义转换。 C The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia (失智症) in later life, and if they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women. Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said: “These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people’s cardiovascular (心血管的) fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.” For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak (最大值的) cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts. 28. Why did the researchers ask the woman to do bicycle exercise? A. To predict their maximum heart rate. B. To assess their cardiovascular capacity. C. To change their habits of working out. D. To detect their potential health problems. 28题详解：事实细节题 根据第三段第一句 ...took a bicycle exercise test until they were tired out to measure their peak cardiovascular capacity.可知，研究人员让女性做自行车运动，是为了测量她们在极度疲惫状态下的心血管功能峰值。 2022年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷） A Pasta and pizza were on everyone’s lunch menu in my native land of Italy. Everyone who had such a lunch was fair-skinned and spoke Italian. A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged from those kids with pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. The food choices were almost as diverse as the students. In front of me was an array of foods I couldn’t even name in my native language. Fearing that I would pick out something awful, I desperately tried to ask the boy ahead of me for a recommendation. Unfortunately, between us stood the barrier of language. 21. What did the author realize after entering school in Brooklyn? A. Time passed quickly. B. English was hard to learn. C. The food was terrible. D. People were very different. 【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第三四句“A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged from those kids with pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. (几年后，当我站在布鲁克林一所幼儿园的午餐队伍里时，我意识到事情不再那么简单了。我的同学中有皮肤白皙、蓝眼睛大的，也有棕色皮肤、深色头发的)”可知，当作者去了在Brooklyn的一所学校之后，发现学校里的人不一样。故选D。 2022年6月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷） A Although my kindergarten experience feels like a century ago, the lessons I learned will stick in my mind forever. For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants—much like the little girl in the lunch line—flooded our office seeking help. I often had to be an interpreter for the Italian-speaking ones. As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to converse before I learned English. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried to hold a conversation in Italian with people who did not speak the language. It suddenly became very clear to me how lucky I was to be fluent in two languages. 22. Who does “the little girl” in paragraph 2 refer to? A. An Italian teacher. B. A government official. C. The author herself. D. The author’s classmate. 【22题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第二三句“For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. (过去的三个夏天，我一直在纽约的一家政府机构工作。新移民涌入我们的办公室寻求帮助，就像排队吃午餐的小女孩一样)”以及第一段第三句“A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. (几年后，当我站在布鲁克林一所幼儿园的午餐队伍里时，我意识到事情不再那么简单了)”可知，当年的小女孩长大了，在纽约的一家政府机构工作，工作环境让她想到当年自己在幼儿园的午餐队伍排队的情境。故选C。 Thanks for watching $$