阅读理解之词义猜测题策略与技巧 课件-2025届高三下学期英语二轮复习专项

高考英语阅读理解 之 词义猜测题技巧 The skills for Guessing the Meanings of Words or Phrases While Reading Learning Aims 1.Conclude the skills of guessing words according to sentences. 2.Apply these skills correctly and flexibly. 3.Draw the mind map of these skills. 2.Apply these skills correctly and flexibly. Peter is very lazy and he never does his homework. He can go to a university when pigs fly. According to the passage, “when pigs fly” means _______. impossible 当猪在飞?? If you come across unfamiliar words when reading, What will you do ? Ignore them and continue reading Look them up in the dictionary Guess the meaning How to guess the meanings of words Introduction of Some important skills 语境法 Skill 1 Guess the meanings 模仿 2. Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest. （并列、近义关系） 傲慢的 （转折、反义关系） 3. That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibitions in one day. 极大地，巨大的 （因果关系） Your finding? 1. Children often try to emulate, or copy the behavior that they see on television 逻辑关系：同义，反义，因果 一、 1 coordination(并列，同义或近义关系) 2 adversative and contrast (转折和对比即反义关系) 3 Cause and effect（因果关系） Logical Relations (逻辑关系) Summary by contrast/compare to/on the contrary 怎么有逻辑？ but/still/yet/ however /otherwise/unlike/instead/rather than... although/though/as/while/even if/even though because/as/since/for/ as a result (of)/therefore/ hence,/so/so... that/such...that and/or//as …as/just as/similarly on one hand...on the other hand/for one thing...for another thing/some...other+n/some...another Summary Can you list some signal words? 转折： 因果 ： 对比： 并列： signal words 2020年全国Ⅱ卷·30 The fur trade kept nutria (海狸鼠) in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed. Practice makes perfect One nonprofit organization，which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment， is keeping tabs on more than 2，000 productions this year.（2020年全国III卷，B篇） What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean？ A. Listing completely. B. Directing professionally. C. Promoting successfully. D. Watching carefully. Practice makes perfect Skill 2 1.Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. 2.He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks. Guess： 3.You may borrow from the library any periodicals: News Weekly, Reader’s Digest, The New Yorkers. 期刊 Your finding? （下定义） （从句） (符号/举例） 哑剧 变戏法的人 二、Explanation 1 Definition 2 Clauses 3 Examples 4 Symbols Summary like, such as, for example/instance… 怎么解释？ be/be called/be defined as/mean/refer to that’s to say/in other words/namely… 标点符号： 从句： Summary 是/称作、意思是： 换言之/即： 例如、像： “_______”、 “ : ” 定从，同从 signal words There’s also the added bonus that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in. No loud engine noise， no smell of fuel， just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.（2020年5月天津卷，C篇） The expression “added bonus” refers to the fact that electric planes. A. give passengers more pleasant views B. bring airlines more financial benefits C. offer more enjoyable flying experiences D. cost less in maintenance than traditional ones Practice makes perfect 29. The underlined sentence "the opposite is true" in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees ______. A. compete for survival B. protect their own wealth C. depend on each other D. provide support for dying tree Practice makes perfect Skill 3 Common sense ：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。 在阅读的过程中 有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等。 Common sense 1. When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water. 2.When a doctor performs an operation on a patient， he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. 波纹 n. 麻醉剂(药) 利用常识法解题 For those who can stomach it， working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first， according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.（2020年江苏卷，C篇） The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ ”. A. digest the meal easily B. manage without breakfast C. decide wisely what to eat D. eat whatever is offered 逻辑关系 解释说明 文化常识 语境法 构词法 Skill 4 三、 构词法 (formation) 1 2 3 Synthesis method(合成法) Derivation method(派生法) Transform method(转化法) Summary 1 合成法 指两个或多个单词按照一定的组合规律组合在一起， 形成一个新的单词。 婆婆/岳母 顽固的 1. How happy I am with my mother in law. 2. Old habits die hard 利用构词法解题 According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research， both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）， its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.（2020年新高考全国I卷，D篇） What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to？ A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons. 2 派生法（加前，后缀） Common profixes： Common sufixes： in/im- : incorrect impossible mini- : miniskirt, minibus re- : rewrite, reuse, reconsider dis-: disagree, dislike, disappear, mis-: misunderstand, mislead fore-: foretell, forecast over-: overwork, overcoat, overuse -er teacher, worker, container -or visitor, sailor ,instructor -tion education, satisfaction -ment development, movement -ion action, solution, conclusion -ous dangerous, humorous -ful helpful，careful -able comfortable, acceptable … 派生法 1.Mary, of course you are overweight. You eat too much junk food. Even worse, you excercise infrequently. 2.“Even when a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes, “the two share little about their innermost feelings.” 3 转化法（考点---熟词生意） 1.Don’t let your personal feelings cloud your judgment, or you will make a wrong decision. 2. He wolfed down three bowls of rice. Guess： 模糊 狼吞虎咽 刮刮卡 刮刮卡 刮刮卡 刮刮卡 刮刮卡 刮刮卡 QQQ Q3 Q 5 学习大礼包 Q1 Q4 （1） （2） （3） （4） （5） （6） Choose your favorite lucky number and finish the task in it, and maybe you will get a surprise. Game time 纪念奖 40 学习大礼包 1.When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsman. ［典型例题］(2021年新高考Ⅰ卷·29) 爱疯英语 A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute. ◇ What does the underlined word “decimate” mean? C Which kind of skills? 43 3.Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China — some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs——and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hill. What do the underlined words”taking on in paragraph 4 mean?” A.learning from B.looking down C.working with D.competing against ［典型例题］ (2021▪全国卷Ⅲ) D Which kind of skills? Still， 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone（座机） at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only on their smartphones， according to a survey（调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline， a third concede that it's not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.（2021年全国乙卷，B篇） What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean？ A. Admit. B. Argue. C. Remember. D. Remark. D provide a sense of safety in case of emergency have a landline phone 自主命题 ［典型例题］ 1.( 2023年全国甲卷B篇 ) Terri Boltonis a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. 4．Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? A．An artist. B．A winner. C．A specialist. D．A pioneer. C 1.Review the skills of guessing words and phrases 2. Finish the exercises(复习资料相关猜测练习) Homework THANK YOU $$