Unit 3 Section Ⅰ Topic Talk & Lesson 1-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册创新导学案word（北师大版2019）

学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.2 xxk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 Section I Topic Talk Lesson 1 课前预习自检 原文与直译 THE SIXTH EXTINCTION 第六次大灭绝 Extinctions,where entire species are wiped out,are not unusual in our Earth's history. 物种灭绝，即某个物种的完全消失，在地球的历史上并不罕见。 In fact,over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct 事实上，超过90%曾经存在过的物种现在已经灭绝了。 In the last 500 million years,there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended 在过去的5亿年里，地球上出现过五次生物几乎全部灭绝的情况。 .These include the third mass extinction,known as the "Great Dying",which killed 90%to 96% of all species. 它们包括被称为“大灭绝”的第三次大灭绝，它杀死了全部物种的90%到96%。 And the fifth event,which occurred 66 million years ago,caused the death of the dinosaurs. 第五次事件发生在6,600万年前，导致了恐龙的死亡。 词句自测 ①speciesn.物种，种 ②wipe out彻底毁灭 ③unusual ad.异常的：不平常的 ④mass adj,大量的 ⑤“主(These)谓(include)宾(the third mass extinction)”。known as the“Great Dying”是过去分 词作后置定语；which.species是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰the third mass extinction The reasons for extinctions are varied. 物种灭绝的原因多种多样。 According to scientists,they include volcanic eruptions,asteroids hitting the Earth from space, changes in sea levels,the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea and global warming 根据科学家（的说法），它们包括火山爆发、小行星从太空撞击地球、海平面变化、海洋含氧 量减少和全球变暖。 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction 许多科学家说，我们现在正进入地球的第六次大灭绝。 This time,human activity will be to blame. 这一次，人类活动将会是罪魁祸首。 词句自测 ⑥varied ad,各种各样的，形形色色的 ⑦asteroid n.小行星 ⑧decrease m.减少；减少的量m.&t减少 ⑨blame vt.责怪，指贵 ⑩be to blame(对某事)负有责任 .Although it is not unusual for species to die out naturally,the rate at which this is now happening is cause for concern. 虽然物种的自然灭绝并不罕见，但现在灭绝的速度令人担忧。 A 2015 study by scientists who were based at Brown University and Duke University in the US. looked at how quickly species die out due to natural causes,that is.the "background extinction rate”. 2015年，美国布朗大学和杜克大学的科学家进行了一项研究，研究了自然原因导致物种灭绝 的速度，即“背景灭绝率”。 词句自测 ①“让步状语从句(Although…naturally)+主句(the rate.concern)”。从句中it作形式主语， to..naturally作真正的主语。主句的结构是“主(the rate)系(is)表(cause for concern)”,at happening是“介词十which”引导的定语从句，修饰rate。 They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal 他们发现，人类活动导致物种灭绝的速度是正常情况下的1,000倍。 There is a long list of reasons why so many species are dying out:air and water pollution,forests being destroyed,factory farming and overfishing. 有一长串的原因来说明为什么这么多的物种正在灭绝：空气和水污染，森林被破坏，工厂化 农业和过度捕捞。 It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth,including animals and plants 显然，人类活动对地球上所有其他物种都产生了负面影响，包括动物和植物。 2 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZXXk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 词句自测 ②affect ot.影响 If a sixth mass extinction occurs,scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out. 研究这个问题的科学家们相信，如果第六次物种大灭绝发生，地球上多达四分之三的物种将 会灭绝。 Of course,as we humans depend on so many species for our survival,we would also be at risk of dying out 当然，由于我们人类赖以生存的物种如此之多，我们也会面临灭绝的危险。 Our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature between animals and plants. 我们的世界和我们的生命依赖于自然界中动物和植物之间的平衡。 .Without forests,we would have no air to breathe,and without clean water we would be unable to survive. 没有森林，我们就没有空气呼吸，没有干净的水，我们就无法生存。 词句自测 3 be at risk处境危险，受到威胁 ④“分句(Without,breathe)十and+分句(without.survive)”。本句是and连接的并列复合句。 两个分句中without引出含萱虚拟条件句，相当于if there were no forests和if there were no clean water,主句用表示与将来相反的虚拟语气。 Can a sixth extinction be avoided? 第六次物种灭绝能否避免？ Experts say that it is not yet too late,if we take action now. 专家说，如果我们现在就采取行动，还为时不晚。 This would mean we have to significantly change the way we live. 这将意味着我们必须极大改变我们的生活方式。 .For example,we need to take steps to save endangered species,including setting up special areas where plants and animals can be protected. 例如，我们需要采取措施米拯救濒危物种，包括建立专门的区域米保护动植物。 We need to change how we work and travel by using cleaner,more natural sources of energy.such as wind and solar energy. 我们需要通过使用更清洁、更自然的能源来改变我们的工作和旅行方式，如风能和太阳能。 3 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 We also need to improve our farming methods to reduce water,air and land pollution 我们还需要改进耕作方式来减少水、空气和土地污染。 In short,if we want to survive,we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it. 简而言之，如果我们想要生存，我们需要停止破坏我们赖以生存的地球，并开始保护它。 词句自测 5 endangered ad.濒危的 ⑥solar adj.太阳光（能）的 r主(we)i谓(need)宾(to take steps)”。to save endangered species是目的状语，where..protected 是where引导的定语从句，修饰areas,在从句中作地点状语。 The Black Robin 黑色知更鸟 Black robins are the birds that humans saved from extinction. 黑色知更鸟是人类从灭绝中拯救出来的鸟类。 In 1980,there were only five black robins left in the world. 1980年，世界上只剩下5只黑色知更鸟。 They all lived on a small island off the coast of New Zealand. 它们都住在离新西兰海岸不远的一个小岛上。 Only one of those birds,a female called Old Blue,was able to lay eggs 在那些鸟中，只有一只叫做“老蓝”的雌鸟能下蛋。 Wildlife workers began a programme for raising black robin chicks. 野生动物工作者开始了一项饲养黑色小知更鸟的计划。 They protected Old Blue's eggs,helped them to hatch,and took care of the chicks. 他们保护老蓝的蛋，帮助它们孵化，照顾小知更鸟。 Thanks to their efforts,there are now more than 250 black robins,and the population is spreading. 多亏了他们的努力，现在有250多只黑色知更鸟，而且数量正在扩大。 To help them survive,people are restoring their habitats and removing small animals that hunt them,such as mice and cats from the islands where they live. 为了帮助它们生存，人们正在恢复它们的栖息地，并将捕食它们的小动物，比如老鼠和猫， 从它们居住的岛上移走。 词句自测 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZxXk.c0m○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 8 hatchv.&ot.(使)孵化 9 restore ot.(使)恢复 ②@“主(people)i谓(are restoring)宾(their habitats)”。restoring和removing并列作谓语；To help them survive是且的状语：such as.islands作同位语，举例说明them,where they live是where 引导的定语从句，修饰islands. 重点合作探究 informative adi. 有教育意义的；知识性强的（教材P110) inform oneself of/about.使某人了解： 使某人热悉 inm通 inform s小of/about/that,通告/告知某人 知：告知 inform onagainst sh告发/检举某人 归纳 keep sh informed of使某人随时了解 informed adj. 了解情况的： well informed消费灵通的：见多识 拓展 见多识广的 广的 information n. 信息，资料 九pee fmation一条信总 inforative.有教有意义的；知识性强的 DThe exhibition is informative,up to date,and mercifully free of gimmicks. 这个展览既能让人增长见识，又紧跟时代前沿，而且幸运的是没有华而不实的东西。 2They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story 他们必须通过研究米获悉故事中缺失的部分。 3I regret to inform you that I will not be able to meet you at the airport on time. 我很遗憾地通知你，我不能按时到机场去见你。 4The newspapers keep us informed of what is going on around us at any time. 报纸让我们随时了解我们周围发生的事情。 5She organized a handful of activities in the class to get more information. 她在课堂上组织了一些活动来获取更多的信息。 名师点津 (①inform后不能直接带双宾语，而是借助于介词of/about,构成“inform sb of/about sth"结构。 (2)information为不可数名词，没有复数。 即景活用 (1)单句语法填空 亨学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 DI commend Ms Orth on writing such an (inform)article. ②We'll keep you (inform)while you're away 3Pat refused to give her any (inform)about Sarah ④They will inform him any progress they have made. 答案：①informative②informed③information ④of/about (2)单句表达 ①当得知父亲在事故中只是受了点轻伤时，这家人松了一口气。 The family breathed a sigh of relief when they the father was only slightly injured in the accident ②直到他通知我要开会了，我才意识到我还没有准备好我的提议。 I wasn't aware that I had not been prepared for proposal until 答案：①were informed that②he informed me of/about the meeting 2 urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的教材PI10 lt be urgent(orb)to do sth(对 某人来说)做某事是紧急的 紧急的 It's urgent that...(should)do 急迫的 ……是很紧迫的 默，h敦促/力劝某人 做某事 arge sthon/upsh竭力主张某 归纳 人做某事：向某人强调某事 ,力动：敦 urge againsl做力反对 拓展 促：主张 urge sh into doing sth祥促/墩促 某人做某事 rge that..-(should)do竭力主张 a.强烈的欲 望：神动 have an urge to do sth渴望做某率 urgently,篆急地：追切地 umgy.紧急：紧急的事 情景 助记 DThere is an urgent need for food and water. 有着对食品和水的迫切需要。 2It was urgent for China to develop energy conservation and green buildings for sustainable development 6 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.2xXk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 发展节能和绿色建筑是中国可特续发展的当务之急。 3They urged the school board to approve plans for their reform programme. 他们敦促校董会批准他们的改革方案。 4The report urged that all children (should)be taught to swim. 报告主张应该教所有的孩子学游泳。 5He has an urge to open a shop of his own. 他渴望开一家自己的店。 First,we agreed on the urgency and seriousness of the threat. 首先，我们就这一威胁的紧迫性和严峻性达成了共识。 ⊙即景活用 (①)单句语法填空 ①I am also looking (urge)at how we can strengthen the law. ②In case of (urge).call the police. ③The teacher urged us the necessity of practice 4After she saw the film.there was an urge (cry)because she was touched by their brave deed. 5She invited me to dinner,but I declined on account of (urge)business. 答案：①urgently②urgency③on/upon④to cry⑤urgent (2)单句表达 ①我们力劝她同我们一起来参加聚会，但她坚持说她太累了。 We urged that with us,but she protested that she was too tired. ②作者写这篇文章的目的是要力劝人们努力工作。 The author's purpose in writing the passage is to ③人们极力主张相关法律应该被制定出来以阻止类似事件再次发生。 the relative laws should be made to prevent such things happening again 答案：①she(should)come to the party②urge people to work hard③It is urged that die out消失；绝迹，灭绝（教材P52) 7 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.2 zxxk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 ier.为…而死 ie away(声音，光或感情等)逐渐 减弱：渐渐消失 idn(火、风基、疼痛等)逐渐 归纳 ie其 减弱：渐渐平息 拓展 他相 美短语 iem死于（如：外伤、自然或害 交通事故等外因) iro「死于（如：疾病、饥饿，寒冷， 衰老等内因)》 dieo相继死去 DThe old traditions are dying out. 旧的传统正在逐渐消失。 2Don't worry.the gossip will soon die down. 别担心，流言蜚语不久就会平息的。 3The animals died of starvation in the snow. 这些动物在雪地里饿死了。 4When birds began to die off,people began to criticize the use of chemical pesticides. 当鸟类开始相继死去时，人们开始批评化学杀虫剂的使用。 ◇即景活用 (1)单句语法填空 DYou have to break away from smoking,otherwise you may die lung cancer. 2In big cities during cold winter months,many old people die the polluted air. 答案：①of②fom (2)单句表达 ①这一地区的一些稀有鸟类由于人类活动正面临灭绝的危险。 Some rare birds in the area are in danger of because of human activities. ②地里的苹果树一棵接一棵地病死了。 The apple trees in the field are all from disease ③尽管风减弱了，但雨仍然下着，因此你仍需要一件雨衣。 Although the wind has the rain remains steady,so you still need a raincoat ④随着音乐声渐渐消失，电影结束了。 As the sound of the music the film came to an end. 答案：①dying out②dying off③died down ④died away wipe out彻底毁灭（教材P52 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 wipe.away from.把一从…张掉 归纳 ir其他 wipe擦掉：抹掉；还清 拓展 相关知语 wipe...with用…擦， wipe up把擦干净 DWe want to wipe out world hunger by the year 2025 我们希望到2025年彻底消灭全球的饥饿问题。 2He wiped the dirt away from the table with a sponge. 他用海绵擦去桌子上的灰尘。 3The old man wiped away/off all his debts. 老人把所有的债务都还清了。 4We usually wipe the floor with a mop. 我们通常用施把擦地板。 5Do not bother to wipe up the dishes,just put them on the table. 碟子不用擦干了，把它们放在桌上就行。 ⊙即景活用 ()单句语法填空 ①He wiped his tears a handkerchief 2A 0.9-meter ocean level rise would wipe their habitat completely. 答案：①with②out (2)单句表达 ①他把牛奶溅在了地板上，但立刻把它擦掉了。 He spilled the milk on the floor but at once. ②他擦去额头上的汗水。 He his forehead ③确保把滴在地毯上的果汁擦干净。 Make sure to that drips on the carpet. 答案：①wiped it away/off 2wiped his sweat away from ③wipe up any juice 5 mass adj.大量的（教材P52) a.大量的 a mass of/masses of大量的： 归纳 大北：众多 :.大量： the mass of大多数：…的质量 拓展 许多：质 成：群众 the mitsses群众 massive域大量的：巨大的 学科网书城 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.2 zxxk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 情景 助记 DAll the lights went off,and mass hysteria broke out. 所有的灯都熄灭了，大家变得歇斯底里起米。 2Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants,flowers and masses of colors. 一些人或许认为花园仅仅是植物、花和很多的颜色。 3The reforms are unpopular with the mass of teachers and parents. 大多数教师和家长并不赞成这些改革。 4It is wrong to have no regard for the opinions and demands of the masses. 漠视群众的意见和要求是错误的。 名师点津 a mass of/masses of既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词的单复数由 of后面的名词来决定。 易混辨析：a mass of/the mass of a mass of “大量的”，形容数量多 the mass of “大多数”，用于特指一个集合中的大多数，也可表示“…的质量” 。即景活用 (1)单句语法填空 DOur cause needs the support of the (mass). ② (mass)of people attended the meeting that day ③ mass of the population could not afford such goods. 答案：①nasses②Masses ③The (2)单句表达 ①大片云层覆盖了天空，遮住了阳光。 covered the sky,blocking out the sunlight. ②众多市民赞成这个想法。 in favour of this idea. 答案：①The mass of the cloud②A mass of/Masses of citizens are 10