Unit 1 Section Ⅳ（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语必修第三册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅳ　Integrated skills，Extended reading，Project，Assessment & Further study [对应学生用书P19] [清障单词] 1．continent n. 大陆，陆地，洲 2．ecosystem n. 生态系统 3．biodiversity n. 生物多样性 4．shelter n. 居所；遮蔽；遮蔽物；庇护处 vt. 保护，掩蔽 vi. 躲避 5．variety n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 6．living adj. 活着的，活的；在使用的 n. 生计，谋生；生活方式 [清障短语] 1．millions of 成千上万的 2．in turn 相应地，转而 3．break down 使分解(为)，使变化(成) 4．breathe life into 给……带来起色，注入活力 5．due to 由于，因为 难词注解 教材原文 课文翻译 ①think of想到，想起 ②shark n．鲨鱼 ③spring to mind突然记起(或想到) ④in fact事实上 ⑤have the greatest impact on 对……有最大的影响 ⑥bring ... close to extinction让……濒临灭绝 ⑦whale n．鲸 ⑧deer n．(pl. deer)鹿 ⑨track vt. & vi.跟踪，追踪 n. 足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道； 路线 ⑩habitat n. 生活环境，栖息地 ⑪nowhere adv.无处，哪里都不 ⑫put... in danger 将……置于危险之中 ⑬dolphin n．海豚 ⑭resident n．居民，住户 ⑮senior adj.级别高的；年老的；(体育运动)高级水平的 ⑯committee n．委员会 ⑰entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地 ⑱smog n．雾霾，烟雾 ⑲get rid of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 ⑳protest vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 n. 抗议， 反对 tend to往往会，易于 profit n．利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt. 获益，得到好处 in defence of 为了保卫/防御…… be deeply concerned about 非常关心 take various measures 采取各种措施 process n. 过程进程；步骤，流程 vt.加工，处理 draw one's attention to 将某人的注意力吸引到 economic adj. 经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的 on the rise在增长 search for寻找，搜寻 policy n. 政策，方针；原则 work hand in hand with与……携手合作 branch n．(政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支 strategy n. 策略，行动计划；策划，部署 in an environmentally friendly way以一种环保的方式 recycle vt. 回收利用，再利用 subway n. 地铁；地下人行道 former adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的 the former...the latter...前者……后者…… official n．官员，要员 adj. 公务的；正式的，官方的 poverty n. 贫穷，贫困；贫乏 poor adj.贫穷的；可怜的；差的 Human activities cause increasing harm to animals When you think of①a fearsome hunter, images of lions and sharks②may spring to mind③.Recent research by environmental scientists, however, shows that in fact④， humans are the most fearsome hunters who have the greatest impact on⑤ animal populations. Human activities have brought many animals close to extinction⑥. In the last 500 years, over 300 species of animals have gone extinct. Some activities，such as hunting and fishing，directly harm animals，while other activities，such as development in towns and cities，impact indirectly on animal populations. 本句是一个复合句，When引导一个时间状语从句。 Hunting and fishing have directly influenced the world's animal populations. Some people hunt animals for food: whale⑦meat is eaten in some parts of the world. Some people hunt animals for fashion: animal skin is used to make coats and bags. Still others hunt animals just for fun: deer⑧ are tracked⑨ and shot by people who enjoy the excitement of the sport． 本句是一个简单句，句中Hunting and fishing是动名词短语作主语。 本句是一个复合句，who引导一个定语从句。 Human activities that have indirect effects on animals can be just as harmful. When we build farms or factories, we destroy animal habitats⑩ and leave many animals with nowhere⑪to live, or nofood to eat. We can also put animals in danger⑫without ever entering their habitats. Air, water, noise and light pollution can all have a deep and damaging influence quite far from their source. Partly due to pollution caused by ship traffic and other human activities, the dolphin⑬population has dropped greatly. As the human population continues to grow，so does the effect we have on animals. 本句是一个复合句，关系代词that引导一个定语从句。 本句是一个复合句，连词As引导一个时间状语从句。we have on animals是一个定语从句，省略了关系词that/which，因为关系词在从句中作宾语，故可以省略。 News that Matters：pollution in Norgate HOST：Good evening and welcome to News that Matters. Our topic today is pollution in Norgate. Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith，a local resident⑭；Vincent Brown，senior⑮ manager of a local factory；and Julie Archer, chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee⑯. Welcome. Norgate's rapid development has had significant environmental costs.Mr Smith，you've lived in this city for over 20 years. How would you describe the effects of pollution over that time? SMITH: It's been awful, really. When I first moved here，the air was fresh，the grass green and the water clear. Then heavy industry factories moved in, and things became entirely⑰ different. I don't enjoy outdoor activities any more. The river is dirty and smelly. The smog ⑱ in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey；F8it's also given me a cough that I can't get rid of⑲. For health and safety reasons alone，heavy industry has to go. 本句是一个倒装句，句子的主语是James Smith...Committee。 本句是一个复合句，When引导时间状语从句，主句中还用了省略，补全的话应是：the grass (was)green and the water (was)clear。 本句是一个复合句，that引导一个定语从句。 HOST：Mr Smith protested⑳against heavy industry. Mr Brown, would you like to respond ? BROWN：Well, I'm sorry you feel that way, Mr Smith. People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits.In defence of the factories，however, I'd like to point out that we also try to control，the amount of pollution we produce. I think I speak for all factory managers when I say we're deeply concerned about the environment.We've been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process，even though these measures raise our production costs. I'd also like to draw your attention to the economic benefits factories have brought to Norgate. We've created many jobs for local residents and helped the city's economy grow. HOST: Thank you, Mr Brown. With pollution levels on the rise，the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem. Mrs Archer, what are your thoughts on how to deal with pollution? ARCHER: Well, our committee has a major role to play in maintaining air and water quality. We have to achieve a balance between environmental protection and economic development.We've made environmental policies for businesses to observe, like strict clean-up requirements. We also work hand in hand with other branches of government to ensure that development strategiesare followed in an environmentally friendly way.However, fighting pollution isn't just a task for factories and the government. It has to he a community-wide effort, and everyone can help by following the golden rule: reduce，reuse and recycle. For example，you can save energy by taking the bus or the subway, or using the bike-sharing system. HOST：Thank you, Mrs Archer，and thanks again to all of our guests. A former UN official once said，“Saving our planet，lifting people out of poverty, advancing economic growth...these are one and the same fight.”The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable. It's our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development. It's our duty to leave a better, cleaner and healthier planet to our children. It's our duty to build a human community with a shared future. 本句是一个复合句。I think后面是宾语从句，省掉了引导词 that；when引导一个时间状语从句，I say后面也是一个宾语从句，省掉了引导词that。 本句是一个复合句。factories have brought to Norgate 是一个定语从句，省略了关系词that/which，因其在从句中作宾语，可以省略。 本句是一个复合句。that引导一个宾语从句。 本句是一个简单句。动名词短语在句中作主语。 本句是一个复合句。It作形式主语，后面的不定式是真正的主语。while引导时间状语从句。 人类活动对动物 造成越来越大的伤害 当你想到一个可怕的捕猎者，狮子和鲨鱼的形象可能会立刻跃入脑海。然而， 环境科学家最近的研究表明，事实上，人是最可怕的猎手，对动物种群的影响最大。人类活动使许多动物濒临灭绝。在过去的500年里，超过300种动物已经灭绝了。有些活动，如狩猎和捕鱼，直接伤害动物；而其他活动， 如城镇的发展，间接地影响了动物种群。 狩猎和捕鱼直接影响世界上的动物种群的数量。有些人捕猎动物是为了食物； 鲸鱼肉在世界上的一些地方被吃掉。有些人捕猎动物是为了时尚：动物的皮被用来做外套和包。还有一些人猎杀动物只是为了找乐子：那些追踪、射猎鹿的人喜欢狩猎的刺激。 对动物有间接影响的人类活动也同样有害。当我们建立农场或工厂时，我们破坏了动物的栖息地，让许多动物无处栖身，或者没有食物吃。我们也可以不进入动物的栖息地就让动物处于危险之中。空气、水、噪声和光污染都会在很远的地方产生深刻而有害的影响。在一定程度上由于船舶运输和其他人类活动造成的污染，海豚数量大幅下降。随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 《焦点新闻》： 诺盖特的污染 主持人：晚上好，欢迎收看《焦点新闻》。我们今天的话题是诺盖特的污染。今晚来到演播室的有当地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、当地一家工厂的高级经理文森特·布朗和诺盖特环境保护委员会主任朱莉·阿彻。欢迎。 诺盖特的快速发展带来了巨大的环境成本。史密斯先生，你在这个城市已经住了20多年了。你如何描述污染在那段时间里的影响？ 史密斯：真的很糟糕。当我第一次搬到这里时，空气清新，青草绿，水清澈。然后重工业工厂迁入，情况变得完全不同了。我不再喜欢户外活动了。河流又脏又臭。空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色，还让我患上了咳嗽，老是不好。仅出于健康和安全的原因，重工业就必须离开。 主持人：史密斯先生抗议重工业。布朗先生，你愿意回答吗？ 布朗：嗯，史密斯先生，很抱歉你这样想。人们往往会将那些冒着肮脏烟雾的工厂图片与不负责任的渴望获得巨额利润的商人联系起来。不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。 当我说我们非常关心环境时，我想我代表了所有的工厂经理。我们一直在采取各种措施，包括使用新技术，以减少生产过程中的污染，尽管这些措施提高了我们的生产成本。我也想请你们关注一下工厂给诺盖特带来的经济利益。我们已经为当地居民创造了许多就业机会，帮助了城市的经济发展。 主持人：谢谢你，布朗先生。随着污染水平的上升，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在寻找解决这个问题的方法。阿彻夫人，你对如何处理污染有什么想法？ 阿彻：嗯，我们的委员会在保持空气和水质方面起着重要的作用，我们必须在环境保护和经济发展之间取得平衡。我们为企业制定了环保政策，比如严格的清洁要求。我们还与政府其他部门携手合作，确保以无害环境的方式执行发展战略。然而与污染作斗争不仅仅是工厂和政府的任务。全社会必须共同努力，每个人都遵循：减少使用、重复使用和循环利用的指导原则，就能尽一份力。例如，你可以通过坐公共汽车或地铁，或者使用自行车共享系统来节约能源。 主持人：谢谢你，阿彻夫人，并且再次感谢我们所有的客人。一位联合国前官员曾经说过，“拯救地球，使人们摆脱贫困，促进经济增长……这些就是同一场战斗。”我们的环境的发展变化趋势和我们的经济是分不开的。在追求经济发展的同时，保护环境是我们的责任。把一个更好、更清洁、更健康的星球留给我们的孩子是我们的责任。建设一个人类共同未来的社区是我们的责任。 Step 1　Read for the structure Topic：1.Pollution in Norgate Guest Point of view James Smith The pollution resulted from 2.heavy industry and as a result the heavy industry 3.has to go． Vincent Brown Factories have been taking measures to 4.reduce pollution and they have brought many 5.economic benefits． Julie Archer The Environmental Protection Committee is trying to achieve a balance between 6.environmental protection and 7.economic development and encouraging everyone to 8.join in． Step 2　Careful reading Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers. 1．What's the main idea of the text? A．News from a newspaper about pollution. B．News from a TV show about a polluted city. C．A report from a TV show about animal protection. D．A report from a newspaper about pollution. 2．What is News that Matters? A．A magazine.　　　　　　 B．A newspaper. C．An organization. D．A TV program. 3．How was the environment more than twenty years ago? A．Terrible. B．The same. C．Excellent. D．Just so-so. 4．What is the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee doing to solve the problem? A．It tries to close all the factories to reduce pollution. B．It is trying to balance economic development and environmental protection. C．It believes factories and government can solve the problem. D．It insists single person makes little contribution to the environment. 5．What does the UN official think of the pollution? A．Factories are responsible for the pollution. B．The rapid development has raised the living levels. C．Fighting the pollution is the government's main task. D．Everyone can help to protect the environment. 答案　1～5　BDCBD 1．senior adj. 级别高的；年老的；(体育运动)高级水平的 2．protest vi. 反对，抗议 vt.反对； 坚持声称，申辩 n. 抗议，反对 3．profit n. 利润，收益；好处 vi. & vt. 获益，得到好处 4．process n．过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt. 加工，处理 5．policy n．政策，方针；原则 6．branch n. (政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支 7．recycle vt. 回收利用，再利用 8．official n．官员，要员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的 9．poverty n．贫穷，贫困；贫乏 10．further adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv. 较远，更远；进一步vt.促进，增进 1．entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地→entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的 2．defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend vt.保护；保卫 3．economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economy n. 经济，经济学 4．poison n．毒物；毒药；vt.污染；毒死，毒害→poisonous adj.有毒的 5．consequence n．结果，后果；重要性→consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的→consequently adv.因此，所以 1．get rid of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 2．in defence of为……做解释或辩护 3．give rise to使发生(或存在) 4．search for寻找 5．make profits获得利益 6．tend to倾向于 1．“So＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”结构构成倒装 As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals． 随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 2．even though引导让步状语从句 We've been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process, even though these measures raise our production costs． 我们一直在采取各种措施，包括使用新技术，以减少生产过程中的污染，尽管这些措施提高了我们的生产成本。 1．get rid of 摆脱，丟弃，扔掉 [教材P11]　The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey; it's also given me a cough that I can't get rid of. 空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色，还让我咳嗽，老是不好。 rid...of... 使……摆脱……；使……丢…… rid oneself of 摆脱/去掉 get/be rid of 消除掉……，丢掉……(1) Thanks to the Silence Machine, a British invention, you can get rid of the sound without upsetting the boy or his parents. 多亏了英国发明的静音机，你可以在不打扰男孩或他的父母的情况下消除声音。 (2)Further measures will be taken to rid our streets of crime. 进一步的措施将被采取来防止街头犯罪。 [即学即用]　完成句子 ①It's time we got rid of the drawback of the electronic product. 该是我们除去这一电子产品的缺点的时候了。 ②To get rid of smoking, I suggest you eat some sugars and fruit to remove your attention. 为了戒烟，我建议你吃一点糖块和水果来转移你的注意力。 ③Now the air pollution is so serious that we have to make up our minds to get rid of this harmful haze． 现在空气污染如此严重，我们得下决心清除这害人的雾霾。 ④Once you get addicted to drugs, you will have difficulty in getting rid of them． 一旦对毒品上瘾，你就很难戒掉。 2．protest vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 n. 抗议，反对 [教材P11]　Mr. Smith protested against heavy industry. 史密斯先生抗议重工业。 (1)protest about/against/at...＝make a protest against... 对……提出抗议 (2)without protest 心甘情愿地 under protest 不情愿地，极不乐意地 (1)Some consumers protested about/against/at the bad service in the shop. ＝Some consumers made a protest against the bad service in the shop. 一些消费者对商店服务质量提出了抗议。 (2)The protests became more violent and many people were panicked into leaving the country. 抗议变得更加激烈，吓得许多人离开了那个国家。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①All local farmers protested (protest) against building the airport on their farmland then. ②Many people gathered to protest against killing animals for food. 完成句子 ③The local citizens took to the streets to protest against the decision． 市民们走上街头，抗议这项决定。 3．defence n. 防御，保护 [教材P11]　In defence of the factories, however，I'd like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce. 然而，为了保护工厂，我想指出，我们也试图控制我们生产的污染量。 (1)in defence (of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护 in one's defence为某人辩护；站在某人一边 (2)defend vt.保卫；保护 defend...against/from (doing...)保护……免受…… defend oneself自卫(1)We shouldn't forget the soldiers who died in defence of our country. 我们不应该忘记那些为保卫祖国而献身的战士。 (2)The female hormones also protect the body in another way.They help the body defend itself from some kinds of infections. 雌性荷尔蒙在另一方面也保护身体。它们帮助身体免受某些种类的感染。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①The safety devices defend workers from/against danger. ②When a dog attacked me，I defended myself (I) with a stick. ③The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in defence (defend) of their country. 一句多译 看到这条蛇，他冲过去保护儿子。 ④Seeing the snake，he rushed to defend his son．(defend) ⑤Seeing the snake，he rushed in defence of his son．(defence) 4．consequence n. 结果，后果；重要性 (1)as a consequence＝in consequence结果；因此 as a consequence of＝in consequence of由于……的缘故 (2)consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的 (3)consequently adv.所以；因此；结果(1)Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed，Dr. Prinstein's studies show unpleasant consequences. 尽管这些酷孩子看起来令人羡慕，普林斯坦博士的研究显示了不愉快的后果。 (2) I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the consequences. 我想知道父母是否应该一直不计后果地讲真话。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ①As a consequence of your laziness and rudeness, I am forced to dismiss you. ②All these opinions make sense, and consequently(consequence) it is hard to choose the best of them. 完成句子 ③We have not enough money; consequently we cannot afford a new car． 我们的钱不够，因此买不起新车。 ④I missed the bus this morning and as a consequence I was late for work. 今天早上我错过了公共汽车，因此上班迟到了。 5．[教材P8]　As the human population continues to grow, so does the effect we have on animals. 随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 [句式解构]　本句使用了“So＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”结构构成的倒装结构，表示“……也是如此”，用于肯定句，表示同样肯定的看法或做法。 (1)“Neither/Nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋另一主语”用于表示前面提到的否定情况也适用于另一主语，意为“……也不……”。 (2)“So it is/was with...”和“It is/was the same with...”句式表示前面提到的两种或两种以上的情况也适用于另一主语。 (3)“so＋同一主语＋be动词/情态动词/助动词”意为“……的确如此”，表示对前面的话加以确认或强调。 (1)Yesterday I went shopping, and so did my best friend. 昨天我去买东西，我最好的朋友也去了。 (2)John likes fish but he doesn't like meat, and so it is with/it is the same with Mary. 约翰喜欢吃鱼但不喜欢吃肉，玛丽也如此。 [即学即用]　单句写作 ①我每天都去英语角，我的大部分同学也这样。 I go to the English corner every day，so do most of my classmates． ②如果你不去看电影，我也不去。 If you don't go to see the movie，neither/nor will I． ③他不喜欢开玩笑，他哥哥也不喜欢。 He doesn't like playing jokes, nor does his brother． 6．[教材P11]　We've been taking various measures, including the use of new technologies, to reduce pollution in the production process, even though these measures raise our production costs. 我们一直在采取各种措施，包括使用新技术，以减少生产过程中的污染，尽管这些措施提高了我们的生产成本。 [句式解构]　句中的even though意为“即使，尽管”，用来引导让步状语从句，even though可用even if替换。 even if意为“即使；尽管”，相当于even though，引导让步状语从句。如果主句使用一般将来时，从句常用一般现在时来代替将来时。 [名师点津]　如果even if/though引导的状语从句和主句的主语一致而且又含有be动词，或者状语从句的主语是形式主语it，而且又含有be动词，此时even if/though引导的状语从句可以省略主语和be动词。 (1)Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups，they make very different music. 尽管所有的音乐团体都有一种共同的精神，但他们创作的音乐却大不相同。 (2)But even if/though an event is organized carefully, things can go wrong. 即使赛事筹划得很细致，事情仍可能出错。 [易混辨析]　even if/though, as if/though even if/though表示“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语。 as if/though表示“似乎，好像”，引导表语从句或方式状语从句。 [即学即用]　单句语法填空 ① Even if it rains (rain) tomorrow，we won't change our plan. ② Even if invited(invite)，I wouldn't go to the party because I would go abroad. 选词填空(even if/though; as if/though) ③I will not go to her birthday party even if/even though I am invited. ④It seemed as if/though the suit was made to his own measure. 1．The results are entirely (entire) consistent with our earlier research. 2．We only had one small shop to start with，but now we have hundreds of branches (branch). 3．She is trying to rid herself (she)of a dependence on her parents. 4．If climate changes continue，we will suffer the consequence(consequent). 5．The body has natural defence(defend) mechanisms to protect it from disease. 1．He didn't finish his homework. Neither/Nor did I． 他没有完成作业。我也没完成。 2．He wanted to rid himself of the burden of the secret. 他想把秘密说出来，让自己得到解脱。 3．My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, even though he is in his nineties． 我祖父尽管90多岁了，仍时而打网球。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$