Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas.（Word教参）-【优化指导】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语必修第三册（外研版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas [对应学生用书P13] Ⅰ.重点词汇 1．duty n．职责，义务；责任 2．ensure v．确保，保证 3．boxing n．拳击(运动) 4．tangled adj.纠结的；复杂的 5．web n．蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物 6．apart adv.分离，分开 7．weave v．编，织 8．deceive v．欺骗 9．tear n．眼泪，泪水 10．moreover adv.此外，而且 11．fence n．栅栏，围栏，篱笆 Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1．annoy v．使恼怒，使生气→annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的→annoying adj.令人气恼的，讨厌的 2．adjust v．适应，(使)习惯→adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的→adjustment n．调整；调节；适应 3．accident n．意外事件，偶然因素→accidental adj.意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv.意外地；偶然地 4．sure adj.一定的；肯定的→surely adv.一定；必定；想必→ensure v．确保，保证 5．complex adj.复杂的→complexity n．复杂性，错综复杂 6．criticise v．批评，指责→criticism n．批评，批判；评论 7．embarrass v．使窘迫；使尴尬→embarrassed adj.尴尬的→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的，令人难堪的→embarrassment n．尴尬，难为情 8．just adj.公正的，公平的，正义的→justify v．证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护→justice n．正义；公正；合理 9．frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的→frankly adv.坦率地，坦诚地 10．latter n．后者→latterly adv.最近，近来 11．independent adj.独立的→independence n．独立 Ⅲ.短语互译 1．定居；安定下来；镇静下来settle down 2．逃跑run away from 3．说实话tell the truth 4．保持沉默keep silent 5．轻视；瞧不起look down on 6．偶然，意外地by accident 7．in advance提前 8．tell a lie说谎 9．consist of由……组成 10．to what extent在何种程度上 Ⅳ.重点句式 1．句型：every time引导时间状语从句 教材原句：Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time you visit. 翻译：也许你说的“美味”的饭菜会在你每次到访时都出现在餐桌上。 2．句型：the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语) 教材原句：The more independent you are，the better your life will be. 翻译：你越独立，你的生活就会越好。 3．句型：while引导的时间状语从句的省略 教材原句：After repeating this process a few times，they eventually found the ideal distance where they could feel warm while managing not to hurt each other. 翻译：重复几次这样的过程之后，它们最终找到了理想的距离，既可以相互取暖，又不会伤害彼此。 [对应学生用书P14] Ⅰ.原文释译 Little White Lies① ❶Written more than two hundred years ago, these lines by Walter Scott remain one of the most well-known excerpts of Scottish poetry： Oh，❷what a tangled② web③ we weave④， When first we practise to deceive⑤！ ❶过去分词短语作状语，write与句子主语these lines是逻辑上的动宾关系，相当于让步状语从句Although/Though these lines were written more than two hundred years ago。 ❷what引导感叹句，其结构为：What＋a/an＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语！ ❸We all know that honesty is an important value and that lying is wrong, but who can honestly say that they've never told a lie？❹Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”：little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth. ❸but连接并列句。在第一个分句中，know后是and连接的两个并列的that引导的宾语从句，其中第二个that 不能省略；在第二个分句中，say 后是that 引导的宾语从句。 ❹复合句。knowledge 后that 引导同位语从句；we tell是省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句； little lies后that 引导定语从句；“to protect ...truth”为动词不定式短语作目的状语。 We've all surely had the experience of someone cooking a meal for us that we don't like. The majority⑥ of us of course don't tell the truth—we lie and say that the food is “delicious”． ❺Or if a friend asks us what we think of their new haircut, we say “It's great！”，even if⑦ we think it's awful⑧.But to what extent⑨ can we justify⑩ telling white lies like these? ❺复合句。asks us后面是what引导的宾语从句；even if 引导让步状语从句。 One of the main reasons for telling a white lie is to try to make others feel better.❻However，when we lie and say that someone's haircut looks good，or when we say that we love a meal that we secretly hate, are we really hoping to improve the situation for someone else？Perhaps we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from⑪ the disappointment and anger of others. ❻复合句。or 连接两个when 引导的时间状语从句；主句是一般疑问句，使用了现在进行时。 Another reason for telling a white lie is to give encouragement. Say for example that your friend asks you what you think of his singing. You of course say that it's wonderful，❼despite⑫ secretly thinking that your cat can sing better．❽Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank⑬ comments⑭ from you so that they can improve.Or perhaps, they need to know that they should look for a different hobby. ❼despite为介词，其后引导表示让步意义的短语结构，意为“尽管”。 ❽复合句。主句为祈使句；that引导宾语从句；so that 引导目的状语从句，从句常用情态动词。 Finally，we may also tell a white lie when we want to protect others from bad news. If you've had a bad day, do you tell your parents about it，or do you hide your tears⑮ and lie that your day was “fine”？ If the latter⑯，don't you think your parents would want to listen to you and understand your feelings? Wouldn't it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice? Going back to Walter Scott's lines, we may find even white lies have results we cannot know in advance⑰.❾Perhaps the meal you said was “delicious” will be served every time⑱ you visit.Would your friend trust your opinion again if he found out you had lied about his “wonderful” singing? How would you expect⑲ others to truly understand your emotions if you only shared good news instead of bad？Moreover⑳ ，how would you feel if you discovered that the people closest to you had been hiding the truth from you? ❾“you said was ‘delicious’”为省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词the meal; every time 引导时间状语从句，意为“每次……”。 ◆难词注解 ①white lies善意的谎言 ②tangled adj.纠结的；复杂的 ③web n．蜘蛛网；错综复杂的事物 ④weave v．编，织 ⑤deceive v．欺骗 ⑥majority n．多数，大多数(人或物) ⑦even if 即使 ⑧awful adj.可怕的；糟糕的 ⑨extent n．程度；范围 ⑩justify v．证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护 ⑪protect ...from ...保护……免受……(伤害) ⑫despite prep.尽管 ⑬frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的 ⑭comment n．评论；议论 v．发表意见；评论 ⑮tear n．眼泪，泪水 ※tear v．(tore，torn)撕裂；撕碎；撕开 ⑯latter n．后者 ⑰in advance预先；提前 ⑱every time 每次；每当 ⑲expect v．期望；指望；期待 ⑳moreover adv.此外，而且 备课札记 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅱ.文本理解 ►文章架构 ►细节探究 1．What is the function of the first paragraph？(　　) A.To introduce the topic of the whole passage. B.To deepen the understanding of white lies. C.To remind the readers of the damage of white lies. D.To analyze why people like telling white lies. 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2？(　　) A.Being honest means you are valuable. B.We tell lies so as to protect others. C.Honest men say they never tell lies. D.White lies are well-intentioned. 3．Why do we have to tell a white lie sometimes？(　　) A.Because white lies make ourselves feel better. B.Because white lies are always encouraging. C.Because white lies can protect others from bad emotions. D.Because all white lies are kind and understandable. 4．In which example is a white lie used to give encouragement？(　　) A.Your haircut looks good. B.The meal you cooked is delicious. C.You sing a wonderful song. D.My day is fine.Don't worry. 5．What can we learn from the last paragraph？(　　) A.All white lies are good for our life. B.All white lies are bad for our life. C.Sometimes a white lie has a result we can't know in advance. D.If we tell a white lie，we will lose our best friends. 6．What is the author's attitude towards “telling white lies”？(　　) A.Approving. B．Disapproving. C.Cautious. D．Neutral. 答案：1～6　ADCCCB ►课文语法填空 We all know that honesty is an important value and that 1.lying(lie) is wrong，but who can 2.honestly(honest) say that they've never told a lie? Perhaps we comfort ourselves with the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”： little lies that we tell 3.to protect(protect) others from the truth.There are some reasons for telling white lies.First, white lies can make others feel 4.better(good).When we lie and say someone's haircut looks good, we are in fact lying to protect ourselves from the 5.disappointment(disappoint) and anger of others.Another reason for telling a white lie is to give encouragement.Say for example that your friend asks you what you think of his singing.You of course say that it's wonderful，6.despite secretly thinking that your cat can sing better.In fact, perhaps what your friend needs are frank 7.comments(comment).Finally, we may also tell 8.a white lie 9.when we want to protect others from bad news.If you 10.have had(have) a bad day, you may hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine” so that your parents won't worry about you.However, wouldn't it be better to respect their concern for you and ask for their advice？One day we may find even white lies have results we cannot know in advance. [对应学生用书P17] 1 annoyed adj.恼怒的，烦恼的 Prevented from playing her role in Riley's emotional development, Sadness feels annoyed. 由于被阻止在Riley的情感发展中发挥作用，Sadness感到很恼怒。 [要点突破] ①be/get annoyed with sb.生某人的气 be annoyed at/about sth.对某事恼火 be annoyed to do sth.因做某事而恼火 ②annoy vt.使恼怒；使生气 ③annoying adj.令人讨厌的；恼人的 ④annoyance n．恼怒；生气 to one's annoyance 令某人恼怒的是 [写作佳句] She tapped her forehead and looked annoyed with herself. 她拍打着脑门，看上去在生自己的气。 [学以致用] 完成句子/句式升级 ①发现我的队友没有尽到自己的责任，我很生气。 I was annoyed to find that my teammate hadn't pulled his weight. ②让他生气的是，他发现他们没有等他。 To his annoyance，he found they hadn't waited for him. ③Because he was annoyed at his colleagues' attitude to him，he would not help them out when their life was in a mess. →Annoyed at his colleagues' attitude to him，he would not help them out when their life was in a mess.(形容词短语作状语) 2 adjust v．适应，(使)习惯 When Riley moves to a new city, she has a hard time adjusting to her new surroundings. 当Riley搬到新城市的时候，她很难适应新环境。 [要点突破] ①adjust ...to ...调整……以适应/适合…… adjust to (doing) sth. 适应/习惯(做)某事 adjust oneself to ...使自己适应…… ②adjustment n．调整；适应 make an adjustment/adjustments to 对……作出调整 ③adjustable adj.可调节的，可调整的 [写作佳句] When I realized complaining made no sense，I adjusted my learning methods and turned to the teacher whenever I encountered difficult problems. 当我意识到抱怨毫无意义时，我调整了自己的学习方法，每当遇到难题时就向老师求助。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①I am sorry to hear that you're having trouble adjusting to your high school life. ②What concerned her most was that she couldn't adjust herself(she) to the life abroad. ③We can know how well we have learned and then make necessary adjustments(adjust). ④你应该作出调整，以确保你有一个正确的学习态度。 You should make an adjustment to make sure you have a right attitude towards study. 3 justify v．证明(别人认为不合理的事)有道理；为……辩护 But to what extent can we justify telling white lies like these? 但是，我们能在多大程度上为这些善意的谎言辩解呢？ [要点突破] ①justify doing sth.证明做某事有道理 justify sth./oneself to sb.向某人解释……；向某人为……辩护 ②just adj.公平的，公正的 ③justice n．公平，公正 [写作佳句] Procrastinators like to find excuses to justify their behavior. 有拖延症的人喜欢找借口为自己的行为辩解。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①A stupid person always tries to justify himself(he) for his mistakes. ②He has been asked to justify the case to the board. ③Please don't try to justify(just) your mistakes. ④他不得不向他们证明自己。 He had to justify himself to them. 4 frank adj.坦率的，坦诚的，直言不讳的 Stop for a moment and consider that perhaps your friend wants some frank comments from you so that they can improve. 停下来想一想，也许你的朋友想从你这里得到一些坦率的评论，这样他们就可以改进。 [要点突破] ①be frank with sb.对某人坦诚相告 be frank about sth.对某事直言不讳 to be frank(＝frankly)坦白说，坦率地说(在句中作独立成分) ②frankly adv.坦率地，坦诚地 frankly speaking 坦率地说 ③frankness n．[U]坦诚 [写作佳句] Have a full and frank talk with your classmates about how you feel and tell them not to judge a book by its cover. 和你的同学开诚布公地谈谈你的感受，告诉他们不要以貌取人。 [学以致用] 单句填空/一句多译 ①You need to talk with them frankly(frank)and sincerely to know why they misunderstood you. ②I think her frankness(frank) is really something to be appreciated. ③坦率地说，他只是个普通的孩子。 →Frankly speaking，he is only an average boy. →To be frank，he is only an average boy. →Frankly，he is only an average boy. 5 tear n．眼泪，泪水 v．撕破；扯破 If you've had a bad day，do you tell your parents about it，or do you hide your tears and lie that your day was “fine”？ 假如你今天诸事不顺，你是对你的父母说实话呢，还是会偷偷擦掉眼泪，骗他们说今天过得“很好”？ [要点突破] ①burst into tears＝burst out crying突然大哭起来 fight/hold back the/one's tears 忍住眼泪 tears of joy 喜悦的泪水 in tears 流着泪，含泪 move sb.to tears 使某人感动得流泪 ②tear apart 撕毁，撕碎 tear down 拆除，拆掉 tear up 撕毁，撕碎(文件等) [写作佳句] All the memories of the past flashed through his mind like an old movie，with tears keeping spilling out of his eyes. 所有的记忆像一部老电影一样在他脑海中闪过，泪水不停地从眼中涌出。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①He burst into tears when he knew that his company suffered huge losses in the financial crisis. ②He read the letter from his parents in tears. ③幸福的泪水顺着苏珊的脸颊流下来。 Tears of happiness/joy poured down Susan's cheeks. ④和同学们看到这激动人心的时刻时，我感到很兴奋，无法抑制我的眼泪。 While watching the thrilling moments with all my classmates，I felt so excited that I couldn't hold back my tears． 6 independent adj.独立的 The more independent you are，the better your life will be. 你越独立，你的生活就会越好。 [要点突破] ①become independent 变得独立 be independent of 独立于……；不受……支配 ②independence n．独立，自主 ③independently adv.独立地；自立地 ④depend v．依靠；依赖；取决于 depend on 依靠；依赖 ⑤dependent adj.依靠的；依赖的 [写作佳句] (2024·北京卷)By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist. 通过学习在适当的时候请求帮助，我最终踏上了成为独立科学家的征途。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①I wash clothes and make beds by myself to develop independence(independent). ②I always deal with what I encounter in my daily life independently(independent). ③He is unemployed at present, so he can't be independent of his family. ④俗话说，一年之计在于春。 The saying goes that the whole year's work depends on a good start in spring. 1 the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语) The more independent you are，the better your life will be. 你越独立，你的生活就会越好。 [情境探究] ①(2024·北京卷)And the more tools we have，the more effective and insightful we can become. 而且我们拥有的工具越多，我们就会变得越高效，越有洞察力。 ②The more you accumulate，the more you will achieve. 你积累的越多，你取得的成就就越多。 [要点突破] ①“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”意为“越……，就越……”，表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化。 ②前一个“the＋比较级 ...”通常相当于比较状语从句或条件状语从句，后一个“the＋比较级 ...”通常相当于主句。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①This is important because the more you speak English, the better(good) your English will become. ②The more powerful(powerful) the car is，the more difficult it is to handle. ③你读的书越多，你获得的知识就越多。 The more books you read，the more knowledge you'll gain. ④刚开始，我以为我理解了他说的话。但是他越解释，我就越困惑。 At first，I thought I understood what he said，but the more he explained，the more confused I became． 2 while引导的时间状语从句的省略 After repeating this process a few times, they eventually found the ideal distance where they could feel warm while managing not to hurt each other. 重复几次这样的过程之后，它们最终找到了理想的距离，既可以相互取暖，又不会伤害彼此。 [情境探究] ①(2022·全国甲卷)Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. 虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们被关在笼子里时能熟练地使用工具。 ②(2023·全国甲卷)Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. 三分之二的人希望改善自己在家时的舒适度。 [要点突破] ①当状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，且从句含有be动词时，从句可以同时省略主语和be动词。 ②如果状语从句中有it is，it is可以同时省略。 [学以致用] 单句填空/完成句子 ①We chatted happily while eating(eat). I told her I was a newcomer and I had no friend. ②He won't go there with us unless invited(invite). ③她看上去很焦急，好像遇到了麻烦。 She looked anxious as though/if (she was) in trouble． ④一位老人在过马路时摔倒了，一辆救护车赶紧把他送到了最近的医院。 An elderly man fell down while crossing the street, and an ambulance rushed him to the nearest hospital. [课时梯级训练(三)见P120] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$