Unit 8 Section Ⅱ Lesson 1-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册作业与测评word（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅱ　Lesson 1 课时作业(二) Ⅰ　完形填空 As a man was passing the elephants, he suddenly stopped, __1__ by the fact that these large creatures were being held by only a small rope __2__ to their front leg. No chains, no cages. It was __3__ that the elephants could, at anytime __4__ their ropes. For some reason, they did not, __5__． He saw a trainer nearby, and asked why these animals just stood there and made no __6__ to get away. “Well，” the trainer said, “when they are very young and much smaller, we use the same __7__ rope to tie them and, at that age, it's enough to __8__ them. As they grow up, they are __9__ to believing they cannot break away. They believe the rope can still hold them, so they never try to break free.” The man was __10__. These animals could at any time break free from their __11__ but because they believe they couldn't, they were __12__ right where they are. Like the elephants, how many of us __13__ life hanging onto a(n) __14__ that we cannot do something, simply because we failed at it once before? Failure is part of learning; we should never give up the __15__ in life. 篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一个人看见一群大象都被小绳子拴住，但却没有挣脱，只是因为它们从小就这样被拴着，所以一直认为它们没法挣脱，进而悟出一个道理就是人们不能因为一次失败就放弃奋斗，要继续奋斗，才会走出束缚。 1．A.disappointed B．annoyed C．depressed D．confused 答案：D　disappoint “使失望”；annoy “使烦恼”；depress “使愁苦”；confuse “使困惑”。此处指大象很容易挣脱绳子，不受控制，但是它们没有这么做，一直在被小绳子束缚着，这让这名男子很困惑，故选D。 2．A.related B．referred C．tied D．limited 答案：C　relate “涉及”；refer “提及”；tie “拴，捆”；limit “限制”。此处指一个小绳子拴在前腿上，故选C。 3．A.necessary B．obvious C．important D．urgent 答案：B　necessary “必要的”；obvious “明显的”；important “重要的”；urgent “紧急的”。根据上文“No chains, no cages.”可知，此处指很明显大象可以摆脱绳索。故选B。 4．A.break away from B．apply for C．search for D．get away with 答案：A　句意：很明显，大象随时都能挣脱绳索。break away from “脱离”；apply for “申请”；search for “寻找”；get away with “侥幸成功”。故选A。 5．A.otherwise B．therefore C．instead D．moreover 答案：C　句意：由于某种原因，它们却没有这样做。根据上文“the elephants could, at anytime __4__ their ropes”和“they did not”可知，此处表示转折。otherwise “否则”；therefore “因此”；instead “却，反而”；moreover “此外”。故选C。 6．A.difference B．effort C．sense D．response 答案：B　句意：他看到附近有一个驯兽师，就问为什么这些动物只是站在那里，不努力逃跑。difference “不同”；effort “努力”；sense “感觉”；response “反应”。故选B。 7．A.quality B．length C．quantity D．size 答案：D　quality “质量”；length “长度”；quantity “数量”；size “尺寸”。根据上文“small rope”可知，此处指同样尺寸的绳子。故选D。 8．A.hold B．grasp C．seize D．pull 答案：A　hold “控制”；grasp “抓住”；seize “夺取”；pull “拉”。根据上文“when they are very young and much smaller, we use the same __7__ rope to tie them and, at that age”可知，此处指因为那时候大象还很小，所以那个绳子是可以控制住它们的。故选A。 9．A.addicted B．exposed C．used D．devoted 答案：C　句意：随着年龄的增长，它们习惯了认为自己无法脱身。be used to “习惯于”，故选C。 10．A.frightened B．excited C．delighted D．amazed 答案：D　frightened “害怕的”；excited “激动的”；delighted “高兴的”；amazed “惊讶的”。根据上文“They believe the rope and still hold them, so they never try to break free.”可知，大象们长大后仍然认为这个绳子可以拴住它们，这应该是让人感到惊讶。故选D。 11．A.rules B．bonds C．habits D．responsibilities 答案：B　rule “规则”；bond “束缚”；habit “习惯”；responsibility “责任”。根据上文大象被绳子拴住可知，此处表示从束缚中挣脱。故选B。 12．A.stuck B．buried C．hidden D．involved 答案：A　stick “固定不动”；bury “埋藏”；hide “隐藏”；involve “包含”。此处指大象就被困在了那里，故选A。 13．A.work out B．go through C．look through D．care about 答案：B　句意：就像大象一样，我们中有多少人度过一生，一直坚持认为我们不能做某事，仅仅是因为我们曾经失败过一次？work out “解决”；go through “经历，度过”；look through “浏览”；care about “关心”。故选B。 14．A.proposal B．attitude C．virtue D．belief 答案：D　proposal “提议”；attitude “态度”；virtue “美德”；belief “信念”。根据下文“that we cannot do something, simply because we failed at it once before”可知，是我们一直这样认为，一直坚持这个信念。故选D。 15．A.choice B．opportunity C．struggle D．dream 答案：C　句意：失败是学习的一部分；我们在生活中不应该放弃奋斗。choice “选择”；opportunity “机会”；struggle “奋斗”；dream “梦想”。故选C。 Ⅱ　阅读 A With all the recent concern about the environment, people want to see their money used to better the planet. Here are four well­known environmental organizations. World Wildlife Fund (WWF) The World Wildlife Fund is perhaps one of the best­known organizations for the protection of endangered species and their habitats around the world. They've been around for over 45 years. You can donate through their website worldwildlife.org, join their organization as a member, or adopt an animal through their online adoption center. National Geographic Society (NGS) National Geographic Society is well­known for their magazine and their specials on TV. The organization itself is one of the longest­running in the world—they've been around since 1888 focusing on exploration and conservation of forests, oceans, habitats, species and societies. You choose to donate through the website nationalgeographic.com, buy something at their online store, or order a magazine subscription. National Wildlife Federation (NWF) Founded officially in 1937, the National Wildlife Federation tries to protect wildlife at all costs. In fact, they believe that having the public educated is the best way to help the environment—the more you know, the more you can protect the world we live in. Donations to the NWF can be made through their website nwf.org or through other options, like matching gifts, workplace giving, or memorial donations. EcologyFund. com Set up in 1976, EcologyFund.com is run on user clicks. Advertisers buy ad space on the site every time someone clicks. The money goes to buy endangered wilderness land to protect it from companies that would destroy it. So far, EcologyFund.com has bought land in many areas. The best thing about this site is that you needn't donate any money—all you have to do is click. 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个著名的环保组织。 1．Which environmental organization has the longest history? A．EcologyFund.com. B．World Wildlife Fund. C．National Geographic Society. D．National Wildlife Federation. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，WWF有45年以上的历史；NGS从1888年就开始存在，是世界上运营时间最长的组织之一，迄今已有超过100年的历史；NWF成立于1937年；EcologyFund.com成立于1976年，因此NGS时间最长。故选C。 2．What does NWF think is the most important in environmental protection? A．Knowledge. B．Management. C．Money. D．Patience. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据文章对NWF介绍中的“In fact, they believe that ... protect the world we live in.”可知，NWF认为，让公众受教育是帮助保护环境的最佳方式。由此可以推断，NWF认为知识在环保中是最重要的。故选A。 3．In what way does EcologyFund.com differ from the other three organizations? A．The size of networks. B．The way of operation. C．The strength of influence. D．The degree of popularity. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据文章对四个环保组织的介绍可知，EcologyFund.com是靠用户的点击率获得广告收入的方式运营的，用户无需捐钱，而其他三个环保组织都接受包括捐款在内的多种方式的支持。由此可以推断，EcologyFund.com与其他三个环保组织的运营方式不同。故选B。 B In beautiful rural Montana lies the town of Livingston. Around half the students in the Livingston School District qualify for free or reduced­price lunches, according to local educator Rachael Jones, known as “Farmer Jones”. She is the director of the Livingston Farm to School program, which uses the district's two greenhouses and four gardens to grow food that supplements (补充) school meals while offering kids hands­on lessons. Jones said, “In many places around the country, if you can't pay for your school meal, you don't eat. Well, here, we don't turn anyone away.” The town's school district and community members started the program eight years ago. It was part of the National Farm to School Network, which aims to increase access to local food and nutrition education across the country. Jones, who attended public school in Livingston as a kid, has headed up the local program since 2014. Farm to School enriches curriculums in all of the schools through garden lessons, cafeteria and kitchen lessons, and classroom lessons. Research has shown that healthy school meals can better academic performance, including improved test scores. Though the Farm to School program is not aimed only at lower­income students, Jones said, “Such kids are more likely to eat lunch provided by the school.” Eventually she wants to get healthy, affordable meals on the plate of every child in Livingston. It is important for kids to understand where their food comes from. That's a life­changing experience for them. Jones said, “When I grew up a big force in my life was my grandma Ethel. She taught me from a really early age the value of growing my own food. I worked in her gardens with her and somehow, through all of those experiences—eating her tomatoes and canning pickles (泡菜) with her—it really built up my trust and knowledge in food systems. I'm so thankful to her！” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了利文斯顿农场进入校园这一项目，该项目利用这一地区的两个温室和四个花园来种植食物，以补充学校膳食，同时为孩子们提供实践课程。 4．Who is “Farmer Jones” according to the text? A．A local farmer. B．A community volunteer. C．A teacher in a local school. D．A student in a local school. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“local educator Rachael Jones” 可知，Rachael Jones(瑞秋·琼斯)是学校的老师。故选C。 5．Why is the Livingston Farm to School program set? A．To offer students food and lessons. B．To help local farmers make a living. C．To provide part­time jobs for students. D．To improve local environmental protection. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the Livingston Farm to School program ... while offering kids hands­on lessons”可知，the Livingston Farm to School program旨在为学生提供食物和实践课程。故选A。 6．What can we know from Paragraph 3? A．The program was short of money. B．Students were facing health problem. C．The program offered all students free meals. D．Students' study performance progresses due to healthy meals. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Research has shown that healthy school meals can better academic performance, including improved test scores.”可知，健康膳食可以使学生学习成绩提高。故选D。 7．What makes Jones so confident in food system? A．Her grandma's suggestions. B．Her childhood experiences. C．Her college education. D．Her healthy lifestyles. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“I worked in her gardens ... knowledge in food systems.”可推知，她小时候和祖母一起劳作、生活的经历使得她在食品体系方面很自信。故选B。 Ⅲ　应用文写作 假如你是李华，请你参考下面的信息，给学校英文广播站写一篇广播稿，号召大家过绿色生活，并举例说明。 1．减少污染； 2．节约能源； 3．改善环境。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [精彩范文] Nowadays green living is becoming more and more popular. Going green means protecting ourselves. Everyone can play an active part in the campaign. First of all, in order to reduce pollution, we can try to use public transportation or travel on foot or by bike. Besides, we should cherish what we have and make good use of water, electricity, paper and so on so that we can save energy. We can start by exchanging our second­hand books with others. Finally, if possible, classify our garbage and recycle it, so in this way, we can gradually improve the environment. Start now and we will make a difference. That's all. Thank you. 【持续背记】 ①We should make full use of our time to do useful and productive things. 我们应该充分利用时间去做有用的、富有成效的事。 ②The Red Star Television Factory, which produces TV sets of quality, was set up in 1980. 生产高品质电视的红星电视机厂始建于1980年。 ③If you have spare time to visit my hometown, I'd be more than happy to be your guide. 如果你有空来我的家乡玩，我会很乐意当你的导游。 【持续积累】 课时作业(三) [基础训练] Ⅰ　根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．The ________ (砖) walls glowed red in the late afternoon sun. 答案：brick 2．Mr Lin is associate director of the ________ (机构)． 答案：institute 3．Tree ________ (树根) can cause damage to buildings. 答案：roots 4．This car does 30 miles to the ________ (加仑)． 答案：gallon 5．Prune established plants annually as new ________ (芽) appear. 答案：shoots 6．The dog was biting, growling and w________ its tail. 答案：wagging 7．The issue strikes at the very f________ of our community. 答案：foundation 8．Bake the cakes until they are f________ to the touch. 答案：firm 9．I don't want to b________ her with my problems at the moment. 答案：bother 10．The test will i________ answering questions about a photograph. 答案：involve Ⅱ　单句语法填空 1．I'm ________ (not bother) about what he thinks. 答案：not bothered 2．The family was deeply ________ (involve) in Jewish culture. 答案：involved 3．The girl ________ (sit) by the widow seems to be waiting for someone. 答案：sitting 4．The basketball match which was held last night was very ________ (excite)． 答案：exciting 5．This tradition is also ________ (firm) rooted in the past. 答案：firmly 6．The typhoon hit our city, ________ (cause) damage to the crops. 答案：causing 7．The speech ________ (give) by Professor Lin greatly encouraged the students present. 答案：given 8．Alice found herself ________ (surround) by a group of girls. 答案：surrounded 9．Seriously ________ (injure) in the earthquake, the man was sent to the hospital immediately. 答案：injured 10．________ their house destroyed by the flood, they had to stay in the make­shift tent. 答案：With Ⅲ　单句表达 1．小草需要剪一剪了，但我今天却懒得去做。 The grass needs cutting but I ____________________________ today. 答案：can't be bothered to do it 2．在我们采取行动以前需要更多时间观察情况的发展。 We need more time to see how things develop before we ____________. 答案：take action 3．随着中国的发展，故宫博物院张开双臂欢迎来自世界各地的游客。 With the development of China, the Palace Museum opens its arms and welcomes the visitors from ____________________． 答案：all around the world 4．如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 ______________________， these seeds can grow fast. 答案：Grown/If grown in rich soil 5．不要让学生整天学习。 Don't ________ the students ________ all day. 答案：have; studying [思维训练] Ⅰ　阅读 Eating a vegetarian diet reduces the risk of heart failure by almost half, scientists have discovered. Those who change processed (加工过的) meats and fatty foods for a mostly vegetarian diet are 42 percent less likely to develop heart failure. A diet which includes whole grains, fish, beans, and dark green leafy (多叶的) plants lead to a heart­healthy lifestyle, scientists from Icahn School of Medicine in New York said. In a study conducted by Dr Kyla Lara, experts examined five diets which ranged from red meats, to plant­based food, sweets and alcohol over four years. Foods such as eggs, fried food, offal (内脏), alcohol and salads were not connected with a decreased risk for heart failure. A total of 15，559 participants reported their diets using a food frequency questionnaire that kept track of what they ate from five dietary (饮食的) patterns. These five patterns were convenience that includes red meats, pastas (面食), fried potatoes and fast foods; plant­based that includes dark green leafy vegetables, fruits, beans and fish; sweets that include desserts, bread, sweet breakfast foods, chocolate and candy; southern that includes eggs, fried food, organ meats, processed meats, sugar­sweetened beverages and alcohol/salads that include salad dressings, green leafy vegetables, tomatoes, wine, butter and liquor. Of the five dietary patterns, long time relying on the plant­based diet had the strongest association with a decreased risk of incident heart failure when adjusted for age, sex and race of the participants and for other risk factors. No associations for the other four dietary patterns were found. Dr Lara said, “Eating a diet mostly of dark green leafy plants, fruits, beans, whole grains and fish, while limiting processed meats, saturated fats (饱和脂肪), trans (反式) fats, refined carbohydrates (精制的碳水化合物) and foods high in added sugars is a heart­healthy lifestyle and may specifically help prevent heart failure if you don't already have it.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家发现，以素食为主的人患心脏病的风险降低近一半。饮食中限制摄入加工肉类、饱和脂肪、反式脂肪、精制碳水化合物和含糖量高的食物，是一种有利于心脏健康的生活方式。 1．What diet is considered good for a heart­healthy lifestyle? A．Alcohol. B．Fried food. C．Salads. D．Whole grains. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，包含全麦谷物、鱼、豆类及深绿色多叶植物的饮食有益于心脏健康。 2．It can be concluded from the passage that ________． A．eating a vegetarian diet is the key to preventing heart failure B．using a food frequency questionnaire is helpful to a healthy lifestyle C．long­time living on the same diet can be good to one's health D．refined and processed foods are more healthy to one's heart 答案：A　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可知，长期以素食为主的饮食是防止心脏疾病的关键。 3．A diet of sweets includes ________． A．desserts, fried potatoes and fast foods B．bread, green vegetables, tomatoes, wine and butter C．desserts, bread, chocolate and candy D．bread, eggs, fried food and candy 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“sweets that include desserts, bread, sweet breakfast foods, chocolate and candy”可知，甜食类饮食包括甜点、面包、含糖量高的早餐食品、巧克力和糖果。 4．Why does the author write this passage? A．To discuss five healthy dietary patterns. B．To explain what causes heart failure. C．To tell us how to prevent heart failure. D．To introduce a heart­healthy diet. 答案：D　主旨大意题。根据文章第一句可知，本文介绍的是有益于心脏健康的饮食——素食。 Ⅱ　七选五 Advice for High School Students As a person who is graduating from high school very soon, I have some suggestions for students in high school or students who are soon going to be high school students. __1__ I am sure others can benefit from reading them and will not make similar mistakes like me. __2__ Do not value first impression highly. Don't dismiss a person or an idea too early just because you immediately get a bad impression. You will miss many opportunities because of that. Although something seems bad at the first impression, it does not mean it is bad all the time. Try to give everything a fair chance. Don't try to please everybody. There is no way you can please everybody or get everybody to agree with you. __3__ It is a huge waste of time. Have respect for authority. No matter how much you may dislike them, just remember that teachers and parents care about you and they are only doing their jobs. __4__ Don't argue with them and just obey them. Realize a high school is not the real world. The real world isn't a closed environment. __5__ What is rewarded in high school such as popularity and agreement is different from what is rewarded in the real world. If high school isn't working out for you, you may find yourself better at handling the real world. A．Do not be too quick to judge. B．So just learn to say the word “No” a lot. C．Listen to their advice and consider it carefully. D．Many of these are based on regrets that I have. E．Bad habits are hard to break and remain with you for a long time. F．Don't spend any effort trying to please others who will never like you. G．It is a free society where people accept responsibility for their actions. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者马上中学毕业了，他根据自身的经验给即将进入中学的学生提出了四条建议。 1．D　根据设空前“As a person ... going to be high school students.”可知，作者要给正在上高中或即将进入高中的同学一些建议。再根据设空后“I am sure others can benefit from reading them and will not make similar mistakes like me.”可知，这些建议是在作者总结高中的教训后得来的。D项(这些很多是根据我在高中的遗憾得来的。)承上启下。故选D。 2．A　根据本段倒数第二句“Although something seems bad at the first impression, it does not mean it is bad all the time.(虽然一些事情在第一印象中看起来很糟糕，但这并不意味着它一直都很糟糕。)”可知，很多事物乍一看很不好，但并不意味着它一直不好。A项(不要过于迅速地作出判断。)引出下文，符合语境。故选A。 3．F　根据第一句“Don't try to please everybody.(不要取悦所有人。)”可知，并不能让所有人都喜欢你。F项(不要试图取悦那些永远不会喜欢你的人。)承接上文，故选F。 4．C　根据设空后“Don't argue with them and just obey them.”可知，不要和父母老师争吵，遵从他们。C项(听一听他们的建议并认真考虑。)与下文呼应。故选C。 5．G　根据设空前“The real world isn't a closed environment.”可知，真实的世界不是一个封闭的环境。G项(真实的世界是一个我们要为自己的行为负责任的自由社会。)承接上文，进一步说明真实的世界的样子。is和isn't对应。故选G。 Ⅲ　语法填空 Some of you may play Ant Forest, __1__ game on Alipay. Users collect “energy” to make their “trees” grow. When the “energy” __2__ (reach) a certain level, some __3__ (organize) and companies will plant a real tree in a desert area of China. And now it seems that the nation's efforts __4__ (make) a greener world have paid off. According to a study __5__ (publish) in the journal Nature Sustainability, China and India are __6__ (main) responsible for making the Earth greener over the past two decades. The study has found that since 2000 the Earth's green leaf area has increased by 5 percent, or over 5 million square kilometers, __7__ is an area equal to the total area of the Amazon rainforest. China and India account for one __8__ (three) of the increased greening, but contain only 9 percent of the planet's land area covered in vegetation (植被). China was the major contributor, adding 25 percent __9__ this increase, while India added 6.8 percent. There is no denying that China is one of the most successful countries in__10__ (green) the desert. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国在绿化沙漠方面付出的努力终于有了好的结果。 1．a　考查冠词。此处泛指“一种游戏”，应用不定冠词，且game的发音以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a。故填a。 2．reaches　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。在when引导的时间状语从句中，主句是一般将来时will plant，从句应用一般现在时；主语the “energy”是不可数名词，应用第三人称单数。故填reaches。 3．organizations　考查名词。and连接并列成分，因此所填词应该是名词，与companies并列；前面有some修饰，此处应该用复数。故填organizations。 4．to make　考查非谓语动词。此处为动词不定式作定语，修饰effort。effort to do sth “做某事(付出)的努力”。故填to make。 5．published　考查非谓语动词。主语study和动词publish之间为被动关系，因此用过去分词作后置定语。故填published。 6．mainly　考查词性转换。应用副词修饰形容词responsible。故填mainly。 7．which　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词over 5 million square kilometers，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 8．third　考查数词。分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子为one，所填词为分母，用序数词。故填third。 9．to　考查介词。 add ... to “把……增加到”。故填to。 10．greening　考查非谓语动词。此处green是动词，在介词in后，应接动名词作宾语。故填greening。 【持续背记】 ①Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand. 脑中有知识，胜过手中有钱。 ②Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety­nine percent perspiration. 天才是百分之一的灵感和百分之九十九的汗水。 ③In the rural areas, there are many children out of school and one of reasons is that their families are too poor to afford their schooling. 农村地区有许多孩子辍学，原因之一是他们的家庭太贫困，以至于负担不起上学(费用)。 【持续积累】 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$