Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册创新导学案word（译林版2020）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage Ⅰ.重点词汇 1．to be everywhere around something——v. surround 2．a person whose job is concerned with politics, especially as an elected member of parliament, etc.——n. politician 3．something which happens unexpectedly and unintentionally, and which often damages something or injures someone——n. accident 4．to prefer one system, plan, way of doing sth, etc. to another——vt. favour 5．to show that sth is true or exists——vt. indicate 6．be able to learn and understand things easily——adj. intelligent 7．by__accident 偶然，意外地 Ⅱ.教材原句 1．Penicillin ____________________ (被公认为) one of the most important medical discoveries in history. 答案：is widely considered to be 2．For more than 10 years, Fleming __________________ (一直研究) penicillin and trying to make it into an effective medicine. 答案：had been researching 3．Since its ____________ (批量生产) began in the 1940s, penicillin has saved millions of lives. 答案：mass production 4．One might think Fleming discovered penicillin ____________ (偶然), but actually this is ____________ (远离) the truth. 答案：by accident; far from 5．He made sure the silk ribbon stayed dry ____________ (以便于) the electricity would not go through his body. 答案：so that 6．Then he attached a metal key ____________________________ (带子和风筝线连接的地方). 答案：where the ribbon and kite line joined 7．When a thunderstorm approached, the lightning would ________________ (给钥匙充电)． 答案：charge the key 8．However, some people questioned __________________________ (是否真的做了这个实验), arguing that if he had really done it, he would have received a deadly electric shock. 答案：whether he had actually done the experiment 1 surround vt. 围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关(教材P48) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①They surrounded the sick girl with/by every comfort. 他们尽力使那个生病的女孩感到舒适。 ②Jill was sitting on the floor surrounded by boxes. 吉尔坐在地板上，周围摆满了箱子。 ③Once upon a time, a king who was polite to surrounding countries lived in a castle surrounded by a large forest and having wonderful surroundings. 从前，在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一位国王，他对邻邦十分友好。 单句语法填空 ①They've surrounded the building ________ police. ②As a child I was ________ (surround) by love and kindness. ③The shell ________ (surround) the egg has many important functions. 答案：①with/by　②surrounded　③surrounding 2 by accident 偶然，意外地(教材P48) 归纳拓展 ①Sometimes you may hurt others by accident/chance, but I believe you won't hurt them by design/on purpose. 有时你可能会偶然伤害别人，但我相信你是不会故意伤害他们的。 ②I took your bag instead of mine by mistake. 我不巧错拿了你的包。 ③Until the 1980s almost all olives were packed into jars by hand. 直到20世纪80年代，几乎所有的橄榄都是手工装罐的。 ④He was a loner by nature and by inclination. 他天生不喜交际，且自己也无意于此。 单句表达 ①我很偶然地在最新一期的《全球》上读到了它。 I read it quite ____________ in the latest edition of the Global. ②不对！你是故意的。 It wasn't! You did it ________________． ③他天生就是个充满活力的小男孩。 He was ____________ a spirited little boy. ④农场工人们手工给奶牛挤奶。 Farm workers milked cows ____________. 答案：①by accident/chance　②by design/on purpose　③by nature　④by hand 3 favour vt. 较喜欢；偏袒；有助于　n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒(教材P48) 归纳拓展 ①Fortune favours those who use their judgment. [谚]智才天助。 ②Do me a favour and turn the radio down while I'm on the phone. ＝Do me the favour to turn/of turning the TV down while I'm on the phone. 劳驾，我在打电话，把电视的声音调小点好吗？ ③I was not in favour of what is being done here. 我并不赞成眼下正在做的这件事情。 ④The terms of the agreement are favourable to both sides. 协议条款对双方都有利。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Can you do a favour ________ me and tell me when to get off? ②They were 247 votes in favour ________ the motion and 152 against. 答案：①for　②of (2)单句表达 我不会支持削减所得税。 I wouldn't ________________ income tax cuts. 答案：be in favour of 4 charge vt.& vi. 充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满　n. 收费；控告；谴责；掌管(教材P49) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①They charged the buyer too much for the house ever belonging to their parents. 对于那栋曾经属于他们父母的房子，他们向买方要了一个高价。 ②The police charged the thief with stealing the jewels. 警方指控那个小偷偷窃珠宝。 ③The company was badly organized until she took charge of it. 在她掌管之前，这家公司一直管理很差。 ④The company is in the charge of Tom when the boss is away. ＝Tom is in charge of the company when the boss is away. 当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。 in charge of 多以人作主语，指“某人负责/掌管某事”；in the charge of 多以物作主语，指“某物由某人负责/掌管”。类似的还有：in possession of, in the possession of; in control of, in the control of 等。 You're actually already in possession of one of your most important gifts: time. 你实际上已经拥有了最重要的礼物之一：时间。 A big farm is in the possession of them. 他们拥有一个大农场。 (1)单句语法填空 ①They charged me five dollars ________ a cup of coffee. ②As the Community Manager in KidPass, you'll be ________ charge of a vivid community for parents. ③The man wearing a blue hat was charged ________ theft in the supermarket. ④These courses are online, free ________ charge, and open to anyone in the world who has a laptop and an Internet connection. 答案：①for　②in　③with　④of (2)单句表达 在两周的时间里，我们举办了一系列关于学习和运动的活动，其中一些是由英国学生负责的。 During the period of two weeks, we held a series of activities on study and sports and a few of them were ________________ English students. 答案：in the charge of Grammar　动词­ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语 语法体验 单句语法填空 1．The ________ (pollute) water was to blame for the spread of cholera. 答案：polluted 2．Last Monday in a mountainous area, there were a total of 173 sheep ________ (kill) almost immediately when lighting struck. 答案：killed 3．________ (ask) about his address, the girl didn't respond. 答案：Asked 4．________ (write) in a hurry, this article was not so good. 答案：Written 5．Jesse had her luggage ________ (check) an hour before her plane left. 答案：checked 6．When we saw the road ________ (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. 答案：blocked 语法讲座 一．动词­ed形式作定语 1．与被修饰词之间的关系&位置：动词­ed形式作定语，与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，表示一个被动或完成的动作，也可以表示所修饰的人所处的状态。单个的动词­ed形式作定语通常放在被修饰词前；动词­ed形式的短语作定语时，要放在被修饰词的后面，可以转换成定语从句。 The ground is covered with the fallen leaves in the autumn. 秋天，地面被落叶覆盖了。 The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们冲进了大楼。 I like reading books written by Lu Xun. ＝I like reading books which were written by Lu Xun. 我喜欢读鲁迅写的书。 You cannot accept an opinion offered to you unless it is based on facts. ＝You cannot accept an opinion which is offered to you unless it is based on facts. 你不能(随便)接受别人给你的意见，除非它是以事实为根据的。 2．动词­ed形式、动词­ing形式和动词不定式作定语时的区别 (1)动词­ed形式作定语 ①动词­ed形式所表示的动作与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，表示被动或完成的动作，或者同时表示被动和完成的动作。 He is a teacher respected by all. 他是一位人人尊敬的老师。 The high building built last year is our library. 去年建的那座高楼是我们的图书馆。 ②表示所修饰的人所处的状态，意为“感到……的”。 The excited look on his face suggested he won the game. 他脸上兴奋的表情表明他赢了比赛。 (2)动词­ing形式作定语 ①动词­ing形式表示的动作跟所修饰的词为逻辑上的主动关系，表示正在进行的动作或经常性的动作或状态。 Do you know the boy standing over there? 你认识站在那边的那个男孩吗？ The room facing the south is mine. 朝南的房间是我的。 ②表示被修饰词所具有的特点和性质，意为“令人……的”。 This is an exciting moment. 这是一个激动人心的时刻。 (3)动词不定式作定语 ①不定式所表示的动作跟所修饰的词为逻辑上的被动关系，如果动词是不及物动词，后面要加一个介词。 She is now looking for a house to live in. 她正在找一所要住的房子。 ②常用不定式作定语的词(短语)有： promise, opportunity, wish, ability, chance, right, courage, need, time, way, the first等。 I have a chance to go abroad. 我有一个出国的机会。 He is the first to come to school. 他是第一个来学校的。 单句语法填空 ①________ (use) cars are less expensive. ②In the ________ (develop) world cigarette consumption is increasing. ③A gentle form of exercise will increase your ability ________ (relax)． ④So large is the Pacific that energy ________ (generate) by its warming is enough to touch off a series of climate changes. 答案：①Used　②developing　③to relax　④generated 二、动词­ed形式作状语 动词­ed形式可用作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或者伴随情况等。动词­ed形式作状语可以转化成状语从句。当动词­ed形式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般与句子的主语保持一致，并且与之构成被动关系。 1．动词­ed形式作时间状语 Seen from the hill, the town looks more beautiful. ＝When it is seen from the hill, the town looks more beautiful. 从山上看下去，小镇看起来更漂亮。 Asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. ＝When he was asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. 当被问到为什么要做这件事的时候，班长说那是他的职责。 2．动词­ed形式作原因状语 Written in simple English, the book is easy to read. ＝As it is written in simple English, the book is easy to read. 这本书是用简易英语写的，读起来很容易。 Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ＝As he was lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 由于陷入了沉思，他几乎撞到了他前面的车。 3．动词­ed形式作条件状语 Given another chance, I will say “Thank you” to that girl. ＝If I am given another chance, I will say “Thank you” to that girl. 如果再给我一次机会的话，我会对那个女孩说“谢谢你”。 Kept in the refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh for several days. ＝If these vegetables are kept in the refrigerator, they will remain fresh for several days. 这些蔬菜如果存放在冰箱里的话，可以保鲜好几天。 4．动词­ed形式作让步状语 Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. ＝Although he was laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。 Tortured by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret. ＝Although he was tortured by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret. 尽管被敌人拷打，他仍然拒绝泄露机密。 5．动词­ed形式作方式/伴随状语 Professor Zhang stood there, surrounded by many students. 张教授站在那里，被很多学生围着。(表示伴随) He went into the room, supported by his wife. 在妻子的搀扶下，他走进了房间。(表示方式) 注意：有时动词­ed形式作状语，其前可以带有相应的连词when, though, although, as if, as though, if, once, unless, until等，表示时间、让步、条件、方式等，以使意思更加明确。 This book will sell well when published. 这本书出版后将会畅销。 Even if invited, I won't go. 即使被邀请了，我也不会去的。 Unless invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. 除非被邀请发言，否则你在会议上应该保持沉默。 单句语法填空 ①________ (encourage) by the speech, the young people made up their minds to study hard. ②________ (persuade) to take part in the sports meeting, he has been training on the playground after school. ③The moonlight shone on the river which appeared as if ________ (envelop) in mist and clouds. ④________ (locate) at the countryside, the restaurant still gains a great fame for its food of good quality and good service. ⑤The mayor inspected the factory last week, ________ (accompany) by some officials. ⑥Children, when ________ (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. 答案：①Encouraged　②Persuaded　③enveloped　④Located　⑤accompanied　 ⑥accompanied 三、动词­ed形式作宾语补足语 1．动词­ed形式可以作宾语补足语，用于“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补”句式，谓语通常为 see, hear, notice, feel, have, make, keep, leave等。动词­ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。 When we saw the road blocked by snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. 当看到路被积雪阻塞后，我们决定在家度假。 I have my hair cut twice a month. 我每个月剪两次头发。 He was trying to make himself understood. 他努力让自己被理解。 2．动词­ed形式、动词­ing形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语时的区别 分类 用法 动词 动词－ed形式 动词－ed形式表示被动和完成，还可表示宾语所处的状态。 I often hear the song sung in English. 我常听人用英语唱这首歌。 hear, see，watch, find，notice, keep，observe, feel，leave, have，get等 动词­ing 形式 动词­ing形式表示主动和进行。 I heard someone knocking on the door. 我听到有人在敲门。 动词不定式 动词不定式表示动作将要发生。 I expect our team to win the game. 我期待我们队能赢得那场比赛。 ask, get, tell, want, wish, expect等 动词不定式表示动作已经完成。 I heard someone knock on the door three times. 我听到有人敲了三次门。(knock前省略to) hear, see, watch, let，find, observe, have, notice, make 等词后的不定式作宾补时省略to 注意：当“see/watch/notice/observe/hear/listen to/feel/make/…＋宾语＋宾补(不定式)”结构用于被动语态的时候，不定式的to应还原。 Tom is always working hard, so he doesn't have to be made to study hard. 汤姆一直刻苦学习，所以没有必要强迫他努力学习。 单句语法填空 ①About a month ago, I was sailing, and towards night I found myself ________ (carry) out to sea by a strong wind. ②Paul is making steady progress in English, making his parents ________ (relief)． ③The students were usually made ________ (recite) the text. ④He found his hometown greatly ________ (change)． ⑤We read newspapers and watch TV every day to keep ourselves ________ (inform) of what is happening in the world. ⑥He had his tooth ________ (pull) out yesterday. 答案：①carried　②relieved　③to recite　④changed　⑤informed　⑥pulled Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示完成句子 1．She is a remarkably adroit and determined ________ (政治家). 答案：politician 2．All the scientists have to perform an experiment to prove their ________ (原理)． 答案：theories 3．Now there are so many natural disasters, such as droughts, earthquakes, ________ (雷雨) and some new ones. 答案：thunderstorms 4．He was ________ (聪明的) but suffered from a lack of ambition. 答案：intelligent 5．It is the battery that provides the ________ (电) needed to start the car. 答案：electricity Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．________ (name) after an ancient Chinese god of fire, Zhurong (祝融号) is now about 320 million kilometers from the earth. 答案：Named 2．Few people visit the village ________ (surround) by mountains. 答案：surrounded 3．________ (locate) in Shanghai's coastal Lingang area, the Shanghai Astronomy Museum covers 38，000 square meters. 答案：Located 4．________ (compare) to the whole universe, the earth seems so small. 答案：Compared 5．While giving a speech, he slowed his speed to make himself ________(understand)． 答案：understood Ⅲ.单句表达 1．据报道，这两位致力于科研的科学家将会被授予荣誉勋章。(过去分词作定语) It is reported that the two scientists ________________________ will be awarded medals of honor. 答案：devoted to scientific research 2．一到机场，这个医生就发现他被记者包围了。(过去分词作宾补) Upon arriving at the airport, the doctor ____________________ journalists. 答案：found himself surrounded by 3．随着在加利福尼亚金子的发现，许多人从世界各地蜂拥而至来寻找他们的财富。(过去分词作宾补) ____________________ California, many people came from all over the world to seek their fortune. 答案：With gold found in 4．当被要求居家保持社交距离时，很多人用各种活动自娱自乐。(过去分词作状语) ________________ stay at home and keep social distance, many people entertain themselves with all kinds of activities. 答案：When asked to 5．面对压力，我们应该学会放松自己。(过去分词作状语) ________________， we should learn to relax ourselves. 答案：Faced with pressure 课后课时作业 Ⅰ　完形填空 NASA physicist and mathematician Katherine Johnson passed away on February 24, 2020. The 101­year­old African American woman was a __1__ figure, who played a significant part in the early successes of the US __2__ program. Her story was barely __3__ to the public until 2016, when a movie called Hidden Figures was __4__. It follows the lives of Johnson and two other great African American women. With __5__ but a pencil and a slide rule, Johnson __6__ the exact flight paths for the Apollo 11 landing on the Moon in 1969. “We're __7__ by the passing of celebrated mathematician Katherine Johnson. Today, we __8__ her 101 years of life and __9__ her legacy of excellence that __10__ racial and social barriers，” NASA posted on social media. Johnson __11__ high school at the age of 10 and graduated at 14. The following year she entered West Virginia State College. By her junior year, she had taken every math course the school had to offer. She finished college in 1937 with a double __12__ in French and Mathematics. In 1939, Johnson and two other __13__ students became the first three African American students selected for a graduate program at West Virginia University, an __14__ school in Morgantown. Then she had her __15__ at NASA, from 1953 to 1986. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国宇航局物理学家和数学家 Katherine Johnson(凯瑟琳·约翰逊)的生平事迹。 1．A.popular B．legendary C．mysterious D．controversial 答案：B　根据后文“who played a significant part in the early successes of the US”可知，Johnson在美国太空计划的早期成功中发挥了重要作用，可见她是一个传奇人物。故选B。 2．A.pilot B．land C．space D．ocean 答案：C　根据前文“NASA physicist and mathematician Katherine Johnson”可知，Johnson 在美国宇航局工作，所以是在美国太空计划的早期成功中发挥了重要作用。故选C。 3．A.connected B．submitted C．applied D．known 答案：D　根据后文“to the public until 2016”可知，此处表示她的故事直到2016年才为人所知。be known to “为……所知”。故选D。 4．A.shot B．scheduled C．released D．advertised 答案：C　shoot “拍摄；射击”；schedule “安排”；release “发行；释放”；advertise “打广告”。根据前文“a movie called Hidden Figures was”可知，此处表示电影上映。故选C。 5．A.nothing B．anything C．something D．everything 答案：A　根据后文“but a pencil and a slide rule”可知，此处表示只有一支铅笔一把尺子，固定短语nothing but “只有”。故选A。 6．A.entered B．adjusted C．discovered D．calculated 答案：D　根据后文“the exact flight paths for the Apollo 11 landing on the Moon in 1969”可知，Johnson靠着一支铅笔和一把计算尺，就计算出了1969年阿波罗11号登月的精确飞行路径。故选D。 7．A.annoyed B．relieved C．depressed D．saddened 答案：D　根据后文“by the passing of celebrated mathematician Katherine Johnson”可知，著名数学家Katherine Johnson的去世使人感到悲伤。故选D。 8．A.celebrate B．trace C．appreciate D．record 答案：A　celebrate “庆祝”；trace “追踪”；appreciate “感激”；record “记录”。根据后文“her 101 years of life”可知，庆祝Johnson 101岁的诞辰。故选A。 9．A.miss B．reward C．mourn D．honor 答案：D　根据后文“her legacy of excellence”可知，此处指“对她的贡献表示敬意”。故选D。 10．A.set up B．acted as C．broke down D．passed through 答案：C　set up “建立”；act as “担当”；break down “打破”；pass through “穿过，通过”。根据后文“racial and social barriers”可知，此处表示打破种族和社会障碍。故选C。 11．A.finished B．attended C．missed D．taught 答案：B　根据后文“high school at the age of 10 and graduated at 14”可知，Johnson 十岁上高中，attend “上(学)；出席”。故选B。 12．A.role B．degree C．course D．certification 答案：B　根据前文“She finished college in 1937”和后文“in French and Mathematics”可知，Johnson大学毕业时获得了法语和数学双学位。故选B。 13．A.selfless B．intelligent C．enthusiastic D．courageous 答案：B　selfless “无私的”；intelligent “聪明的”；enthusiastic “热情的”；courageous “勇敢的”。根据后文“students became the first three African American students selected for a graduate program at West Virginia University”可知，Johnson和另外两名学生成为首批被西弗吉尼亚大学录取的非裔美国学生，说明她和另外两名学生都非常聪明。故选B。 14．A.all­male B．all­female C．all­white D．all­black 答案：C　根据前文“the first three African American students selected for a graduate program at West Virginia University”和当时的年代可知，西弗吉尼亚大学是一所全是白人的学校。故选C。 15．A.career B．title C．position D．duty 答案：A　career “工作”；title “题目”；position “位置”；duty “职责”。根据后文“at NASA, from 1953 to 1986”可知，Johnson在NASA工作。故选A。 Ⅱ　阅读 A Avi Loeb, a scientist, believes that we are not alone in the universe. The belief W1 fits with Loeb's alien spaceship theory that at least one alien spaceship might be flying over the orbit of Jupiter, which won the international attention last year. Astronomers in Hawaii found the first known interstellarW2 object in late 2017. It was a bit of light moving so fast past the sun that it could only have come from another star. Almost every astronomer on the planet was trying to figure outP1 how the object, called “Oumuamua” got to our far­away part of the Milky way galaxyW3. “One possibility is that ‘Oumuamua’ is debris from an advanced technological equipment，” Loeb said. “Technology comes from another solar system just showed upP2 at our door.” “‘Oumuamua’ is not an alien spaceship，” Paul Sutter, another scientist wrote. He suggested Loeb was seeking publicity. Most scientists think “Oumuamua” is some sort of rock. They think it could be an icy wandering comet. Loeb says that “Oumuamua's” behavior means it can't be a block of rock shaped like a long photo. He thinks it's more likely an object that's very long and thin, perhaps like a long pancake or a ship's sail. Loeb says that if someone shows him evidence that contradicts his beliefs, he will immediately give in. Loeb believes himself a truth­teller and risk­taker in an age of very safe, too­quiet scientists. “The worst thing that can happen to me is that I would be relieved of my management duties, and that would give me even more time to focus on science，” Loeb says. He said he wouldn't mind giving up all the titles he had and returning to the Israeli farming village where he grew up. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家Avi Loeb(艾维·劳埃伯)和其他科学家对“Oumuamua”的不同理解，讨论它是否是外星飞船临近地球。 1．What does Loeb say about “Oumuamua”？ A．It is an icy comet. B．It looks like a long photo. C．It is actually some sort of rock. D．It may come from another alien civilization. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句中的“One possibility is that ‘Oumuamua’ is debris from an advanced technological equipment”和“Technology comes from another solar system just showed up at our door.”可推知，Loeb认为“Oumuamua” 可能来自另一个外星文明。故选D。 2．What does the underlined word “contradicts” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Goes against. B．Relies on. C．Turns to. D．Searches for. 答案：A　词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句中的“‘Oumuamua’ is not an alien spaceship”可知，有科学家不同意Loeb的观点；结合画线词后半句“he will immediately give in”可知，此处表示如果其他科学家提供的证据和他的看法不一致，他会让步，由此可推知，画线单词contradicts意为“不一致；相违背”。故选A。 3．What do you think of Loeb? A．He is foolish. B．He is unsatisfied with his titles. C．He is a firm believer in scientific truth. D．He is uncertain about his career future. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Loeb believes himself a truth­teller and risk­taker in an age of very safe, too­quiet scientists.”可知，Loeb是科学真理的坚定信徒。故选C。 4．What's the best title for the text? A．Have Aliens Paid a Visit in Spaceships? B．Do We Really Know about Space Theory? C．Scientists Are Working on High Technology D．Astronomers Are Encouraging Space Travel 答案：A　标题判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，本文主要讲述科学家Avi Loeb和其他科学家对“Oumuamua”的不同理解，辩论是否是外星飞船临近地球。A项(外星飞船曾到访地球吗？)突出科学家们的辩论主题，引人注意，最适合作文章标题。故选A。 W重点单词 1．belief n. 看法；信念 2.interstellar n. 星际的 3．galaxy n. 银河，星系 P重点短语 1．figure out 查出 2.show up 出现，显露 B My name is Thomas. My belief began when I was just a kid. I dreamed of becoming a doctor. My mother was a servant. Through her work, she observed that successful people spent a lot of time reading. She announced that my brother and I had to read two books every month and submit our book reports to her. She would mark them up with check marks. Years later we realized her marks were a trick. My mother was nearly illiterate;__she had only received a third­grade education. Although we had no money, between the covers of those books, I could go anywhere and be anybody. When I entered high school, I was an A­student, but not for long. I wanted the fancy clothes. I wanted to hang out with the guys. I went from being an A­student to a B­student and then to a C­student, but I didn't care; being cool was enough for me. 　 One night my mother came home from work and I complained about not having enough Italian shirts. She said, “Okay, I'll give you all the money I make this week, and you can buy the family food and pay the bills. With everything left over, you can have all the Italian shirts you want.” I was very pleased with that arrangement. But once I got through allocating money, there was nothing left. I realized my mother was a financial talent to be able to keep a roof over our heads and feed us with the food on the table. I also realized that immediate satisfaction was going to get me nowhere. Success required intellectual preparation. I went back to my studies and became an A­student again, and eventually I realized my dream and I became a doctor. My story is really my mother's story—a woman with little formal education who used her position as a parent to change the lives of her children. There is no job more important than parenting. This I firmly believe. 篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者的母亲没有文化，却很注重孩子们的教育。在母亲的帮助与教导下，作者实现了自己当医生的梦想。 5．Why did the author's mother ask his brother and him to read? A．Because she found they liked reading. B．Because she wanted them to succeed. C．Because she wanted them to realize her dream. D．Because she found reading was very interesting. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Through her work, she observed that successful people spent a lot of time reading.”可推知，作者的母亲让作者和哥哥读书是因为她想让他们成功。故选B。 6．What does the underlined word “illiterate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Uneducated. B．Successful. C．Intelligent. D．Dishonest. 答案：A　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“she had only received a third­grade education”可知，作者的母亲几乎没有接受过教育，由此可推知，画线词与A项“未受过教育的”意思相近。故选A。 7．What happened to the author when he entered high school? A．He kept being a C­student. B．He became more fashionable. C．He discontinued his schooling. D．He wasn't concerned with study. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I went from being ... enough for me.”可知，作者上高中以后，不关心学习。故选D。 8．What may be the author's attitude towards his mother? A．Proud and satisfied. B．Admirable and grateful. C．Regretful and guilty. D．Understanding and supportive. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，作者钦佩自己的母亲，并感激她改变了自己的生活。故选B。 Ⅲ　语法填空 Some people think that Oxford is the most __1__ (attract) city in England. Whether this is true or not, it is certainly worth __2__ visit. It is also ideal for a day trip from London, as there are regular trains and buses __3__ can take you to Oxford in about an hour. You should allow plenty of time to visit Oxford's unique and varied range of historic places. What __4__ (probable) appeals to visitors most is the famous University with __5__ (it) different colleges. You can look around several of these historic buildings in a day, as the majority of them __6__ (be) within walking distance of one another. __7__ (locate) in the city center, most of the colleges are open to visitors in the afternoon. It is a good idea __8__ (check) before visiting, however, as opening days and times may vary. The Thames and the Cherwell rivers, which flow through the city, are another major attraction for tourists. A stroll (散步) along their __9__ (bank) or a boat ride is the perfect way for sightseeing. Different kinds of boats are available for hire at several central locations from April __10__ September. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了参观英国牛津的一些建议。 1．attractive　考查词性转换。应用形容词修饰名词city。故填attractive。 2．a　考查冠词。设空后的visit是可数名词，且发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a表示泛指。worth a visit “值得一游”。故填a。 3．which/that　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词trains and buses，且在从句中作主语，指物。故填which/that。 4．probably　考查词性转换。应用副词修饰动词短语appeals to。故填probably。 5．its　考查代词。应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词colleges。故填its。 6．are　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。从句主语为复数概念的the majority of them，them指代前文的historic buildings且根据前文You can look around可知，应用一般现在时。故填are。 7．Located　考查非谓语动词。locate与逻辑主语most of the colleges为被动关系，应用过去分词作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Located。 8．to check　考查非谓语动词。it is a good idea to do sth “做某事是个好主意”，为固定句型，it是形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。故填to check。 9．banks　考查名词。bank为可数名词，没有冠词修饰，应用复数。故填banks。 10．to　考查介词。from ... to ... “从……到……”。为固定用法。故填to。 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$