Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册创新导学案word（译林版2020）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage Ⅰ.重点词汇 1．a small metal disc which is given as an award for bravery or as a prize in a sports event——n. medal 2．a long period of time when there is little or no rain——n. drought 3．covering or affecting the whole world——adj. global 4．a group of people who form a business, club, etc. together in order to achieve a particular aim——n. organization 5．used to emphasize that sth is completely true——adv. absolutely 6．a formal (often written) request for sth, such as a job, permission to do sth or a place at a college or university——n. application 7．come__up__with 想出，想到 8．call__for (公开)要求；需要 Ⅱ.教材原句 1．It includes interviews with more than 20 of the world's leading experts ____________________ (关于环境问题)． 答案：on environmental issues 2．All of them come up with creative ideas on ________________________ (如何解决这些问题)． 答案：how to solve these problems 3．I wish we ________________________ (还能做一些事情) to help. 答案：could also do something 4．It was organized by GreenHope, an organization ______________________ (致力于保护森林)． 答案：devoted to protecting forests 5．There was a “No littering is allowed here” sign at the entrance to the forest, but that didn't ____________________ (阻止人们扔) their rubbish on the ground. 答案：stop people from throwing 6．Joe ____________________ (把我们分成两组): one group cleaned up the north side of the forest, and the other group cleaned up the south side of the forest. 答案：divided us into two groups 7．We worked for several hours and ____________________ (高兴地看到) that the forest looked cleaner than it had looked before. 答案：we were happy to see 8．It was absolutely ________________ (值得我们努力)! 答案：worth our effort 1 come up with 想出，想到(教材P6) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①I was amazed that he'd come up with such a sweet idea. 我很惊讶他能想出这么好的主意。 ②I've just come across a beautiful poem in this book. 我刚在这本书上偶然发现了一首美妙的诗。 ③How did this unhappy state of affairs come about? 这种不幸的情况是怎么发生的呢？ ④When does her new book come out? 她的新书什么时候出版？ come up with意为“想出，想到”，是及物动词短语，其主语是人；come up意为“被提出”，是不及物动词短语，不可用于被动语态。 (1)单句语法填空 ①We can come ________ an arrangement over the price. ②My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags when a stranger came ________ to her. ③The manager came over and asked the customer how the quarrel had come ________． 答案：①to　②up　③about (2)单句表达 当他想要放弃时，想到了一个好主意。 When he wanted to give up, he __________________________________． 答案：came up with a good idea 2 call for (公开)要求；需要(教材P6) 归纳拓展 ①Air pollution calls for our special concern. 空气污染问题需要我们的特别关注。 ②May I call at your office sometime? 我能去办公室拜访你吗？ ③He refused to call off the game simply because of the rain. 他拒绝仅仅因为下雨就取消比赛。 ④The smell of the sea called up memories of her childhood. 大海的气息勾起了她对童年的回忆。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The army was called ________ to help fight fires. ②European contact with Nigeria dated back to the 15th century, when Portuguese merchants called ________ the ancient city of Benin. ③Despite the snowstorm on the way, the crazy fans are still looking forward not to calling ________ the live concert of the pop star. ④On my way home I call ________ my friend Jack. 答案：①out　②at　③off　④on (2)单句表达 在过去的几个月里，央行行长和其他人要求采取措施防止价格过快上涨。 In the past few months, the central bank governor and others ____________________ to prevent prices from rising too fast. 答案：have called for measures 3 application n. 应用，运用；申请(教材P6) 归纳拓展 ①The invention will have a wide range of applications in industry. 这项发明会在工业中得到广泛应用。 ②Some enterprises attempted to maliciously use the names of Olympic players to apply for trademarks. 个别企业把奥运健儿姓名等相关特定指代含义的热词进行恶意抢注，提交商标注册申请。 ③This does not apply to everyone, so it is essential to establish your own rhythm. 这并不适用于每个人，所以找到自己的节奏很重要。 单句语法填空 ①All ________ (apply) must have a driver's license and access to a car. ②Further information is available on ________ (apply) to the principal. ③I am continuing to apply ________ jobs. 答案：①applicants　②application　③for 4 organization n. 组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理(教材P7) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①I leave most of the organization of these conferences to my assistant. 我把这些会议的大部分筹备工作留给我的助手。 ②The book is organized into three sections. 这本书由三部分组成。 ③You might find that writing an outline will help you to organize your thoughts. 你或许发现，列出框架可以帮助你整理思路。 单句语法填空 ①He's the president of a large international ________ (organize)． ②In my opinion, your composition is not as interesting as his but yours is better ________ (organize) in writing. ③A good ________ (organize) pays attention to details. 答案：①organization　②organized　③organizer Grammar　省略 语法体验 单句语法填空 1．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we ________． 答案：do 2．After ________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! 答案：spending 3．I was considering this while ________ (work) as a nurse just a few weeks ago. 答案：working 4．When ________ (feel) depressed, I often choose to enjoy the novel part which includes a lot of imaginative stories. 答案：feeling 5．I know that a singer will come to our school but I don't know ________． 答案：when 6．You can't force him to answer the question if he's not ready ________． 答案：to 语法讲座 有时句子应具备的成分出于修辞上和实际使用的需要，会缺少一个或几个句子语法结构所必要的语言成分，但在一定语境中可独立存在，仍能表达其意义完整并发挥交流功能的句子被称为省略句。省略不仅能使句子更加精练，而且可起到紧密连接上下文并使相邻词语达到强调的作用。 一、简单句中的省略 1．省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不可以省略的。但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语经常省略，尤其是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。 (You) Shut up! 住嘴！ (You) Need help? 需要帮忙吗？ (It) Doesn't matter. 没关系。 2．省略宾语：前、后两个句子的宾语一致时，后句常省略宾语。 Let's do the dishes. I'll wash (dishes) and you'll dry (dishes). 我们来洗碗吧。我来洗(盘子)，你来擦(盘子)。 3．省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)：在一些具体的场景中，主语和谓语是很明确的，这时为了使句子结构更简洁，可以把主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)省略，只留下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。 (You come) This way, please. 请往这边走。 (Have you) Got water? 你有水吗？ 二、并列句中的省略 1．省略共同的主语、宾语或其他成分。 Alan picked up a pen on the desk and (Alan) handed it to his mother. 艾伦拿起桌上的钢笔，递给他的妈妈。 Their ship sailed up the river and a raft floated down (the river)． 他们的船逆流而上，木筏顺流而下。 He spent part of the money and the rest (of the money) he saved. 他花了一部分钱，其余的钱他存起来了。 2．如果主语和谓语动词一样，则把后面的主谓成分省略。 She was poor but (she was) honest. 虽然她很贫穷，但是她很诚实。 3．若主语不一样，而谓语动词或其中的系动词、助动词或情态动词一样，则省略这类动词。 Reading makes a full man; conference (makes) a ready man; writing (makes) an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人严谨。 Lily must have been watching movie and her brother (must have been) playing video game. 莉莉肯定一直在看电影，她的弟弟肯定一直在玩电子游戏。 4．如果主语不一样，但主要的动词和后续成分一样，则要把这部分省略。 I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob (was born in winter) in 1989. 我出生于1988年的冬天，鲍勃出生在1989年的冬天。 He has a knowledge of carbon dioxide emissions but his friend doesn't (have a knowledge of carbon dioxide emissions)． 他了解碳排放的相关知识，但是他的朋友不了解(碳排放的相关知识)。 写出下列句中省略的部分 ①________ haven't seen you for ages! ②You could have come and ____________ told me. ③Let's meet at the same place as ________ yesterday. ④Some of us study Japanese, and others ________ English. ⑤She gave up drinking several months ago, but ________ returned to her old way later. ⑥My friend didn't come to school, and I wonder why ________________． 答案：①I　②you could have　③we met　④study ⑤she　⑥he didn't come to school 三、复合句中的省略 1．定语从句中的省略 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中作宾语且前面没有介词时，可省略关系代词。 All (that) he needed is a sum of money. 他所需要的只是一笔钱。 Here is the man (who/that/whom) you're been looking for. 这就是你一直寻找的男人。 2．状语从句中的省略 如果状语从句的主语是it或与主句主语相同且从句谓语含有be动词时，通常省略从句的主语和be动词，只保留连词＋现在分词/过去分词/形容词。 He works very hard, though (he is) still rather weak in English. 虽然他的英语还很差，但他学习很努力。 Once (she was) an operator, she now works in a government office. 她曾经是操作员，现在在政府机关工作。 在than或as ... as引导的从句中，常含有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。 This meeting is taking longer than (it is) expected. 这次会议开得比预期的要长。 3．宾语从句中的省略 常常省略宾语从句中的引导词that；而且在含有动词“命令(order, command), 建议(suggest, propose)，要求(request, demand, require)，坚持(insist), 希望(desire)”等的宾语从句中，谓语动词通常用should＋动词原形，而且should可以被省略。 He suggested (that) the meeting (should) be delayed. 他建议把会议推迟。 He said (that) he was once an accountant in a company and that he would go to a bigger one. 他说他曾经是一家公司的会计，他将来会去一家更大的公司。 四、其他的省略情况 1．动词不定式的省略 动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常省略与前句重复的to后面的内容。 You can go home if you want to (go home). 如果你想回家，你可以回家。 I asked him to come with me, but he didn't want to (come with me). 我请他跟我来，但他不愿意。 (1)用在used to, ought to, have to, would like/love to, wish to, be going to等结构中 They didn't visit their uncle much as they ought to (visit their uncle)． 他们应该多去看望舅舅，但他们没有。 (2)用在tell, warn, order, advise, ask等动词的宾语后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语时 The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to (play football in the street)． 那个男孩想在街上踢足球，但他妈妈叫他不要这样做。 (3)用在to be或to have done结构中，省略时往往保留be或have I am happier now than I used to be (happy)． 我现在比过去更快乐。 2．使用so, not等时的省略 在英文使用中，可以用so, not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 —Can you finish your task today? ——今天你能完成任务吗？ —I think so. ——我认为能。 —I don't think so./I think not. ——我认为不能。 3．介词的省略 一些与动词、名词或者形容词搭配的介词常常省略，但介词后的动名词则需要保留。 常见的搭配有：have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth; be busy (in) doing sth; spend some time (in) doing sth; stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth等。 They are busy (in) preparing for a hectic day's activity on Saturday. 他们正忙着为星期六这一天热闹的活动做准备。 When preparing for your next presentation, spend some time (in) thinking about your introduction. 当你为下一次的演讲做准备时， 多花些时间在开端的部分。 4．固定省略结构 (1)有些省略已经形成了固定结构，常见的有：if necessary (如有必要), if possible (如果可能), if not (如果不是), if so (如果是这样)等。 If necessary, we shall send a telegram home. 如有必要，我们就往家里打电报。 (2)由固定词组引导的疑问句 What about having a game of chess? 下盘棋怎么样？ How come they left you alone here? 他们怎么会把你一人留在这里呢？ What if it's raining? 如果下雨怎么办？ Why not try again? 为什么不再试试呢？ (1)单句语法填空 ①—What's the noise? It sounds as if it comes from upstairs. —I don't think ________. It must be the window­cleaner working, next door. ②Although ________ (exhaust), it gave me energy, enthusiasm and happiness. ③He is rather difficult to make friends with, but the friendship of his, once ________ (gain), is truer than any other. 答案：①so　②exhausting　③gained (2)单句表达 ①——你愿意来参加聚会吗？ ——愿意。 —Would you like to come to the party? —Yes, I'd ____________． ②他不能来，我想知道为什么。 He can't come, and I wonder ________． ③这项实验无论难也好易也好，他都下决心干完。 He made up his mind to finish the experiment whether ________________． ④他张了张嘴，好像要说什么。 He moved his mouth as if ____________ something. ⑤你吃这么多！难怪睡不着。 ____________ you can't sleep when you eat so much. 答案：①like to　②why　③difficult or not　④to say　⑤No wonder Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示完成句子 1．Just 9% of ________ (全球的) plastic waste is recycled. 答案：global 2．Obviously we're all ________ (极其) delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. 答案：absolutely 3．He said the ________ (旱灾) had led to severe crop failure for the second year running. 答案：drought 4．She established the ________ (组织) in the hope that it can help rid the world of wars. 答案：organization 5．I would appreciate it if you take my ________ (申请) into consideration. 答案：application Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．—Everybody is going to climb the mountain. Can I go too, mom? —I'm afraid ________. Wait till you are old enough, dear. 答案：not 2．In my opinion, life in the twenty­first century is much easier than it used to ________． 答案：be 3．Nothing would prevent him ________ (speak) out against injustice. 答案：speaking 4．If ________ (ask), you may come in. 答案：asked 5．John must have been playing football and Mary ________ (do) her homework. 答案：doing Ⅲ.单句表达 1．只要有可能，他们就会拦住她，问她这四个问题。 ____________________， they would stop her and ask her the four questions. 答案：Whenever (it is) possible 2．她试图为海狸鼠时装想出一个标签展示它是环保的。 She's trying to ________________ a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco­friendly. 答案：come up with 3．经营一家公司需要智慧、耐心和丰富的经验。 Running a company ____________ intelligence, patience and a lot of experience. 答案：calls for 4．旅游时，要是你忘记带信用卡会怎么样？ ____________ you forget to bring a credit when travelling? 答案：What if 5．在体育馆打篮球怎么样？ ________________ basketball in the gym? 答案：What about playing 课后课时作业 Ⅰ　完形填空 From the moment my husband brought home three chicks, our nine­year­old Sophie hasn't let them out of her sight. She lovingly __1__ them Trixie, Bearty and Captain Flint. Sophie has done __2__ things with them. One hot day, she wanted to take Captain Flint to the __3__. I wasn't so sure about it: Could chickens swim? Sophie __4__ a stick on her swimming ring for Captain Flint to sit on, and the two floated down the stream. __5__ Sophie dressed as a chicken for Halloween and __6__ to persuade us to let Trixie come along. The neighbors'__7__ were extremely funny. “Wait, is that a real chicken you're holding？” Trixie cooed (咕咕叫) the whole time. The chickens are teaching us about love as well as __8__ and grief (悲伤). Sadly, Captain Flint __9__ an untimely death after a hawk attack. We __10__ her. Before the accident, the chickens weren't __11__ in the house. To cheer Sophie up, we've permitted one chicken inside at a time if Sophie immediately __12__ after the visit. The chickens brought a flash of __13__ back to our lives. In a few short months, they have, taught us to __14__ what we can't change and find joy where we can, for which I am so __15__． 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的女儿Sophie(索菲娅)与小鸡相处的故事，十分温馨，富有生活气息。 1．A.told B．taught C．offered D．named 答案：D　根据下文“them Trixie, Bearty and Captain Flint”可知，此处表示作者的女儿给小鸡取名(name)。故选D。 2．A.annoying B．beneficial C．unbelievable D．impossible 答案：C　根据下文“a stick on her swimming ring for Captain Flint to sit on, and the two floated down the stream”可知，此处表示Sophie带小鸡去游泳的行为令人难以置信(unbelievable)。故选C。 3．A.stream B．school C．party D．woods 答案：A　根据下文作者的疑虑“I wasn't so sure about it: Could chickens swim？”可知，Sophie想带小鸡去小溪边(stream)。故选A。 4．A.painted B．threw C．sharpened D．balanced 答案：D　根据下文“for Captain Flint to sit on”可知，此处指Sophie使木棍保持平衡(balance)好让小鸡坐在上面。故选D。 5．A.Naturally B．Suddenly C．Eventually D．Fortunately 答案：A　根据上文“our nine­year­old Sophie hasn't let them out of her sight”可知，因为Sophie喜欢她的小鸡，所以在万圣节Sophie自然地(naturally)打扮成了一只鸡。故选A。 6．A.hesitated B．managed C．continued D．attempted 答案：B　hesitate “犹豫”；manage “完成”；continue “持续”；attempt “尝试”。根据下文“to persuade us to let Trixie come along”可知，Sophie设法劝服父母让她带Trixie去参加万圣节。故选B。 7．A.reactions B．presentations C．explanations D．answers 答案：A　根据下文“were extremely funny”可知，此处描述邻居对于Trixie的反应(reaction)。故选A。 8．A.failure B．pressure C．loss D．risk 答案：C　根据下文“untimely death after a hawk attack”可知，小鸡死了一只，所以小鸡教会了作者他们爱、失去(loss)和悲伤。故选C。 9．A.cheated B．escaped C．chose D．faced 答案：D　根据下文“an untimely death”可知，老鹰袭击后，Captain Flint面临(face)死亡。故选D。 10．A.ignored B．buried C．forgot D．hid 答案：B　根据上文“Sadly, Captain Flint __9__ an untimely death after a hawk attack.”可知，此处是指作者一家将小鸡埋葬(bury)了。故选B。 11．A.trained B．allowed C．ordered D．greeted 答案：B　根据下文“To cheer Sophie up, we've permitted one chicken inside”可知，开始作者是不允许(allow)小鸡进房子的。故选B。 12．A.works out B．cleans up C．checks out D．turns up 答案：B　work out “锻炼”；clean up “清理”；check out “检查”；turn up “出现”。根据上文“we've permitted one chicken inside at a time if Sophie immediately”可知，作者允许小鸡进屋的条件是做好后续的清理工作。故选B。 13．A.pleasure B．attention C．courage D．forgiveness 答案：A　根据下文“find joy”可知，此处指小鸡将快乐(pleasure)再次带回了作者一家的生活中。故选A。 14．A.explore B．create C．accept D．describe 答案：C　explore “探索”；create “创造”；accept “接受”；describe “描述”。根据下文“what we can't change and find joy where we can”可知，小鸡教会了作者试着接受不能改变的事情并且从中寻找快乐。故选C。 15．A.sad B．sorry C．grateful D．responsible 答案：C　此处表示作者感激(grateful)通过养小鸡而得到感悟。故选C。 Ⅱ　阅读 A Take a view, the Landscape (风景) Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today's most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond. Mike Shepherd (2011) Skiddaw in Winter Cumbria, England 　　It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the black­and­white image (图像). Timothy Smith (2014) Macclesfield Forest Cheshire, England 　　I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images. Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest. 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Take a view摄影比赛以及获奖的相关情况。 1．Who would most probably enter for Take a view? A．Writers. B．Photographers. C．Painters. D．Tourists. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.”可知，对于来自英国和世界各地的摄影师来说，Take a view是一项令人向往的年度比赛。故选B。 2．What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common? A．They are winter images. B．They are in black and white. C．They show mountainous scenes. D．They focus on snow­covered forests. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据Skiddaw in Winter表格中的“It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung in the air.(那是一个极为寒冷的冬夜，空气中弥漫着冰冻的雾气。)”及Macclesfield Forest表格中的“I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images.(我回到我的家乡麦克莱斯菲尔德去拍一些冬天的照片。)”可知，Mike Shepherd(麦克·谢泼德)和Timothy Smith(蒂莫西·史密斯)作品的共同之处是拍摄冬天的景色。故选A。 3．Where can the text be found? A．In a history book. B．In a novel. C．In an art magazine. D．In a biography. 答案：C　推理判断题。文章介绍英国风景摄影师大赛Take a view，并展示了Mike Shepherd和Timothy Smith拍摄的两幅风景画，属于艺术范畴，应刊登在艺术杂志上。故选C。 B Researchers say the world has lost more than one fourth of its land­based insects over the past 30 years. The finding comes from a major study of insect populations worldwide. The researchers noted the loss of such insects suggests a more complex problem than earlier research has shown. Ants, bees, butterflies and other land­based insects have been sufferingW1 population drops of about nine percent every 10 years or so. The number of insects on averageP1 has declinedW2 in the air, in the grass and soil, but not in trees or underground, the researchers found. Some estimates show that land­based insects will face a population drop of 24 percent in the next 30 years. The researchers did not find a link to climate change in the loss of insects. But they did note the widespread effects of growing cities and loss of underdeveloped areas to agriculture. However, freshwater insects, such as dragonflies and mosquitoes, have been a different story. These insects were found to have experienced a population increase of about 1 percent every 10 years. Freshwater covers only 2.5 percent of the Earth's surface, so the majority of insects live mainly on land. The researchers said clean­water policies established in recent years were responsible forP2 the increase in freshwater insects. “The decline across insect orders on land is very surprising，” said Nick Haddad, an expert on butterflies at Michigan State University. He was not involved in the study. Ongoing decline on land at this rate will be extremely damaging for ecological systems and for humans, Haddad told the Associated Press. He noted that insects are pollinators (传粉昆虫). They move pollen from part of the flower of a plant to another part. This causes the plant to produce fruit or seeds. Insects also help to break down dead plants and animals. Nick Haddad added that insects also serve as food to many animals, making them very important to the earth's ecosystems. Other scientists said the findings made sense. They would go on with the study with more accurate data. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对世界各地昆虫种群所做的一项研究的发现。研究人员表示，在过去的30年里，世界上已经失去了超过四分之一的陆地昆虫，并对其原因做了分析。 4．What is the finding of the study mainly about? A．The disturbance of the earth' s ecosystems. B．The diversity of creatures in the world. C．The complexity of studying land­based insects. D．The change in the number of insects worldwide. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句“Researchers say the world has lost more than ... of insect populations worldwide.”可知，该项研究主要关于世界范围内昆虫数量的变化。故选D。 5．What was the main cause of the insects' situation according to the author? A．Human activity. B．Climate change. C．A lack of freshwater. D．Frequent natural disasters. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“The researchers did not find a link to climate change in the loss of insects. But they did note the widespread effects of growing cities and loss of underdeveloped areas to agriculture.”可知，城市的增多和未开发的用地流失影响了昆虫数量，由此可知，影响昆虫生存环境的主要原因是人类活动。故选A。 6．Why does the author say freshwater insects have been a different story? A．They reproduce very quickly. B．Their habitat has been protected. C．Their population is in the minority. D．They can live both on land and in water. 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第三段第四句“The researchers said clean­water policies established in recent years were responsible for the increase in freshwater insects.”可知，研究人员表示，近年来制定的清洁水政策是淡水昆虫数量增加的原因。由此可推知，淡水昆虫数量增长是因为它们的栖息地被保护了。故选B。 7．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The relationship between insects and plants. B．The importance of insects to the ecosystems. C．The significance of further studying insects. D．Human's influence on the decline of wildlife. 答案：B　段落大意题。根据第四段中的“Insects also help to break down dead plants and animals.”以及“insects also serve as food to many animals, making them very important to the earth's ecosystems”可知，昆虫有助于分解死去的动植物，是很多动物的食物，这使得它们对地球的生态系统非常重要。由此可知，本段主要介绍昆虫在大自然生态系统中的重要性。故选B。 W重点单词 1．suffer v. 遭受 2.decline v. 下降；衰退 P重点短语 1．on average 平均 2．be responsible for 对……负责 Ⅲ　语法填空 Some misunderstanding is putting shark populations at risk now. Thousands of sharks are dying as __1__ result of people's false beliefs. Female sharks need males to make babies. Some female sharks have the ability __2__ (produce) a baby by themselves and have young sharks without a male shark. That's something __3__ (common) seen in plants and insects like ants and bees. Shark fins have medical function. Traditionally, shark fin soup __4__ (believe) to have health benefits and is quite special in China. __5__ modern scientists point out that shark tissue (组织) can be extremely high in poison. What's more, hunting for sharks kills up to 100 million animals each year, __6__ (endanger) several different species. If you're bitten by a shark, you will be a goner. You are more than twice as likely __7__ (die) from a lightning strike as from a shark bite, according to the Florida Museum's International Shark Attack File (ISAF). “Even if bitten by sharks, the large __8__ (major) of people survive，” says Dr Chapman. There __9__ (be) sixty­six unprovoked (无端的) shark bite incidents around the world in 2018, only six of __10__ were dangerous, according to the ISAF. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们误认为鱼翅汤有价值且觉得鲨鱼会伤害人，使得鲨鱼处于危险的现状。 1．a　考查冠词。句意：由于人们的错误信念，成千上万的鲨鱼正在死亡。固定短语as a result of “由于……；作为……的结果”。故填a。 2．to produce　考查非谓语动词。have the ability to do sth “有能力做某事” ，应用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词ability。故填 to produce。 3．commonly　考查词性转换。句意：这在植物和昆虫中很常见，比如蚂蚁和蜜蜂。设空处应用副词修饰动词seen。故填commonly。 4．is believed　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：传统上，鱼翅汤被认为对健康有益，并且在中国非常特殊。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语shark fin soup与believe之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填is believed。 5．But/Yet　考查连词。句意：但现代科学家指出，鲨鱼组织的毒性可能极高。本句与前句“have health benefits”之间为转折关系。故填But/Yet。 6．endangering　考查非谓语动词。主语hunting for sharks与动词endanger是主动关系，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填endangering。 7．to die　考查非谓语动词。句意：根据佛罗里达博物馆的国际鲨鱼攻击档案(ISAF)，你死于雷击的可能性是死于鲨鱼咬伤的两倍多。固定短语be likely to do “可能做某事”。故填to die。 8．majority　考查词性转换。句意：Dr Chapman(查普曼博士)说：“即使被鲨鱼咬伤，大多数人还是活了下来。”设空前是形容词large，设空后是介词of，可知设空处应用名词。故填majority。 9．were　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：根据国际安全援助部队的数据，2018年全球发生了66起无缘无故的鲨鱼咬人事件，其中只有6起是危险的。逻辑主语incidents是复数，且根据时间状语为in 2018可知，应用一般过去时。故填were。 10．which　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为incidents，在从句中作介词of的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$