Unit 11 Rules Matter!(知识清单)英语新教材仁爱科普版七年级下册

2025-03-31
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语仁爱科普版七年级下册
年级 七年级
章节 Unit 11 Rules Matter!
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
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发布时间 2025-03-31
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审核时间 2025-03-31
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Unit 11 Rules Matter! Preparing for the Topic 词汇认知 1. rule(n.)规则;规章;条例 2. traffic(n.)交通 3. respect(v.,n.)尊敬;尊重 4. forget(v.)忘记做;忘记 5. board(n.)板;木板 6. polite(adj.)有礼貌的 短语积累 1. traffic rules 交通规则 2. eating rules 饮食规则 3. class rules 课堂规则 4. shopping rules 购物规则 5. family rules 家规 6. waste food 浪费食物 7. wait for 等待 8. turn green 变绿 9. line up for payment 排队付款 10. keep quiet 保持安静 11. on time 按时 12. forget doing sth. 忘记做过… 事(已做) 13. forget to do sth.忘记该做…事 (还未做) 14. have a look 看一看 15. be polite 保持礼貌 16. say sorry to… 向… 道歉 17. set good examples 树立好榜样 18. make a loud noise 制造很大的噪音 19. make troubles 制造麻烦 20. win the fight 赢得这场斗争 21. the best and safest way to go 最好、最安全的出行方式 22. take care of… 照顾好… 23. follow the rules 遵守规则 ‌ 句型归纳 1. Respect the old and care for the young. 尊老爱幼。 2. Wait for the traffic lights to turn green. 等待红绿灯变绿。 3. Line up for payment. 排队付款。 4. Return the books on time. 准时归还书籍。 5. What traffic rules should we follow? 我们应该遵守哪些交通规则? 6. What rules should we follow in the classroom? 在教室我们应该遵守哪些规则? 7. Why did Wang Junfeng say sorry to Zhao Li? 王俊峰为什么向赵丽道歉? 8. I forgot to tell you about that. 我忘了告诉你关于班规的相关事情。 9. Let me see. 让我看看。 10. Always be polite. 一直要有礼貌。 Exploring the Topic 词汇认知 1. cause(n.)原因;起因;(v.)造成;引起;导致 2. effect(n.)结果;影响 3. wall(n.)墙,墙壁;城墙 4. hurt(v.)(使)疼痛,受伤 5. himself(pron.)他自己 6. housework(n.)家务劳动;家务事 7. alone(adv.,adj.)独自 8. peephole(n.)(墙或门上等的)窥视孔 9. stranger(n.)陌生人 10. delivery(n.)递送;传送;交付 11. advantage(n.)优点 12. cross(v.)穿越;横过 13. guard(n.)警卫,看守 14. accident(n.)(交通)事故;意外 15. noise(n.)噪声 16. environment(n.)自然环境;生态环境 17. fair(adj.)公正的;公道的 18. court(n.)球场;法院 19. dear(adj.)亲爱的 20. since(conj.)因为;既然 21. fight(v.)打架;打仗;努力争取;为……斗争;(n.)打架;比赛 22. mind(n.)头脑;大脑;心思;(v.)介意 23. herself(pron.)她自己 24. French(n.)法语;法国人;(adj.)法国的;法国人的;法语的 25. itself(pron.)它自己(指施动并受其影响的动物或事物) 26. ourselves(pron.)我们自己 27. break(v.)违犯,背弃;(使)破;弄坏;弄破;稍停;(n.)休息 28. head(n.)头;负责人;(v.)前往 29. slowly(adv.)慢速地;缓慢地 30. speak(v.)说话;谈话 31. loudly(adv.)吵闹地;嘈杂地 32. law(n.)法律;法规 33. advice(n.)劝告;建议 34. attention(n.)注意;专心 短语积累 1. book clubs 读书俱乐部 2. enjoy oneself 玩得开心 3. ride one's bicycle 骑自行车 4. a turn to the left 向左的转弯 5. come out of 从……出来 6. run into the wall 撞到墙上 7. hurt one's leg 伤了某人的腿 8. road accident 交通事故 9. ask questions 提问 10. go home at once 立刻回家 11. do homework on time 按时做作业 12. help with housework 帮忙做家务 13. go to bed 上床睡觉 14. try one's best 尽某人最大努力 15. follow the rule 遵守规则 16. knock at the door 敲门 17. look through the peephole 透过窥视孔看 18. delivery man 送货员 19. benefit of following rules 遵守规则的好处 20. public place 公共场所 21. cross the road 过马路 22. crossing guard 交通协管员 23. traffic light 交通信号灯 24. keep away from… 远离… 25. traffic accident 交通事故 26. keep things in order 使事物井然有序 27. make noise 制造噪音 28. study or work 学习或工作 29. play game 玩游戏 30. a fair game 一场公平的游戏 31. keep quiet 保持安静 32. put things in order 整理物品 33. fight with others 与他人打架 34. safety comes first 安全第一 35. keep rules in mind 牢记规则 36. share stories 分享故事 37. break the traffic rules 违反交通规则 38. as students 作为学生 39. look at both sides 看两边 40. run on the streets 在街上奔跑 41. drive slowly 慢速驾驶 42. play with fire 玩火 43. speak loudly 大声说话 44. break the law 违法 45. wait at the red light 红灯前等待 46. play on the road 在路上玩耍 47. listen to the advice 听从建议 句型归纳 1. Children can share their stories together and enjoy themselves. 孩子们可以一起分享他们的故事并玩得开心。 2. Suddenly a car came out of the turn. 突然,一辆车从路口驶出。 3. He turned right, ran into the wall and hurt his leg. 他向右转弯,撞上了墙并且伤了腿。 4. He ran into the wall and hurt himself. 他撞上了墙并伤了自己。 5. To help Kangkang develop some good habits, his parents made some rules for him. 为了让康康养成一些好习惯,他的父母为他制定了一些规则。 6. Get up at 6:30 a.m. and tidy up the bedroom. 早上6点半起床并且整理卧室。 7. Go home at once after school. 放学后立刻回家。 8. Do homework on time and help with housework. 按时写家庭作业并帮忙做家务。 9. Go to bed at 10:00 p.m. 晚上十点钟上床睡觉。 10. Kangkang tries his best to follow the rules because he knows the rules are good for him. 康康尽他最大努力遵守这些规则,因为他知道它们对他有好处。 11. On a Sunday afternoon, I was doing my homework at home. 在一个周日的下午,我正在家里做家庭作业。 12. Suddenly, there was a knock at the door. 突然有人敲门。 13. I went to the door and looked through the peephole. 我走到门边通过窥视孔往外看。 14. I decided not to answer the door and went back to do my homework. 我决定不开门,然后回去写作业。 15. We live in a world of rules. 我们生活在一个充满规则的世界。 16. When we cross the road, we must listen to the crossing guards and follow the traffic lights. 当我们过马路的时候,我们要听从交警的指挥并遵守信号灯的指示。 17. In this way, we can keep away from traffic accidents. 通过这种方式,我们可以远离交通事故。 18. Also, rules keep things in order. 同样,规则也会让事情井然有序。 19. For example, we shouldn’t eat, drink or make any noise in the library. 比如,我们不应该在图书馆吃喝或制造任何噪音。 20. What’s more, rules can bring us more fun. 而且,规则会给我们带来更多的乐趣。 21. A game is fun when it is fair. 游戏只有在公平的前提下才有趣。 22. The world is a better place with rules. 这个世界因为规则而变得更美好。 23. I’m happy to hear from you. 很开心收到你的来信。 24. Since you want to know my class rules, I’d like to tell you some of them. 因为你想了解我的班规,所以我想告诉你一些。 25. We should never fight with others because safety always comes first. 我们应该永远不与人打架,因为安全永远是第一位的。 26. Rules are really important to us, so we should keep them in mind and follow them. 规则对我们真的非常重要,所以我们要把它们牢记在心并且遵守它们。 27. Xiao Fang teaches herself French, and Jim teaches himself Chinese. 肖芳自学法语,吉姆自学汉语。 28. Drivers should always tell themselves never to break the traffic rules. 司机们应该始终告诫自己永远不要违反交通规则。 29. We must look at both sides before crossing the road. 在过马路前我们必须要看路的两边。 30. We shouldn’t put our heads or hands out of the car windows. 我们不应该将头或手伸出车窗外。 31. There are many people on the street, so you must drive slowly. 街上有许多人,所以你必须缓慢驾驶。 32. When you are traveling in other countries, you need to know the rules and mustn’t break the law. 当你在其他国家旅行时,你需要了解当地的规则,千万不要违法。 33. You should ask for help. 你应该寻求帮助。 34. You should listen to the advice. 你应该听从劝告。 35. You should pay attention. 你应该全神贯注。 Developing the Topic 基础词汇 1. pool(n.)室内/室外游泳池;水塘,池塘 2. mess(n.)混乱;杂乱 3. angry(adj.)愤怒的;生气的 4. loud(adj.)大声的;喧闹的 5. promise(v.)承诺;(n.)诺言 短语积累 1. put…into… 把……放入…… 2. take care of… 照顾…… 3. under…years old 在……岁以下 4. a swimming pool 一个游泳池 5. get angry 生气 6. from now on 从现在起 7. too much 太多 8. promise to do sth 承诺做某事 句型归纳 1. Put the waste into the waste cans. 把垃圾放进垃圾箱。 2. Take care of the children under 10 years old. 请照顾好十岁以下的孩子。 3. Don’t play loud music. 不要播放嘈杂的音乐。 4. The house was in a big mess after the party. 聚会后家里一片狼藉。 5. Our parents got really angry and decided to make some new family rules. 我们的父母很生气,决定制定一些家庭新规。 6. Last, we played really loud music, and it made our neighbors angry. 最后,我们播放的音乐太吵,使我们的邻居非常生气。 7. We promise to follow the new rules and try our best not to break them. 我们承诺要遵守这些新的规定,并尽我们最大努力不违反这些规定。 Wrapping up the Topic 词汇认知 1. mean(v.)表示……的意思;(adj.)吝啬的;小气的 2. behavior(n.)行为;举止;态度 3. warning(n.)(就可能发生的意外等提出的)警告,警示;先兆 4. subway(n.)地铁 5. dollar(n.)元(美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国的货币单位) 6. helmet(n.)头盔 7. rider(n.)骑手;骑马(或自行车、摩托车)的人 8. meeting(n.)会议;集会 9. manner(n.)礼仪;礼貌(复数) 10. seat(n.)座位 11. person(n.)人;个人 12. wrong(adj.)错误的;有毛病 13. plate(n.)盘子;碟子 14. chopstick(n.)筷子 15. point(v.)指,指向;(n.)论点;重点;点 短语积累 1. get a fine 被罚款 2. up to … 多达… ;直到… 3. at the back of 在……后面 4. think of…as… 把……看作…… 5. try the dishes 品尝菜肴 6. point at… 指着…… 7. public signs 公共标志 句型归纳 1. What do the following public signs mean? 下面的这些公共指示牌是什么意思? 2. For good behaviors. 举止要得当。 3. For warning. 警示 / 警告。 4. If you eat or drink on the subway, you will get a fine up to 500 Singapore dollars. 如果你在新加坡地铁上吃喝,你将会被处以高达 500 新币的罚款。 5. During the meeting, we mustn’t chat. 禁止在会议期间聊天。 6. We shouldn’t be late for school. 我们不应该上学迟到。 7. Mr. Li shouldn’t stay up too late. 李先生不应该熬夜。 8. We Chinese think of food as an important part of our lives. 我们中国人把食物当作我们生活中的一个重要组成部分。 9. Here are some table manners in China. 这里是一些中国的餐桌礼仪。 10. There is usually a “Best Seat” for the most important person and a right seat for everyone. 通常最重要的人会有一个 “最佳位置”,并且每个人都会有一个合适的位置。 11. So, don’t sit in the wrong seat. 所以不要坐错位置。 12. People must not put chopsticks in rice. 人们千万不要把筷子插在米饭里面。 13. Never point at people with chopsticks. 永远不要用筷子指着别人。 Pronunciation 元音 Letter oa oi/oy oo ou Sound /əʊ/ /ɔɪ/ /u:/ /ʊ/ /aʊ/ /u:/ /ʌ/ Word road coat noise boy classroom moon good cook loud mouth group through trouble enough 辅音 Letter x Sound /ks/ /gz/ Word excellent six example exact Grammar in Use 语法 1. Reflexive pronouns 反身代词 2. must/mustn’t, should/shouldn’t 情态动词 【考点1】 Respect the old and care for the young.尊老爱幼。 【详解】 1. respect (v.) 及物动词,意为“尊重”,直接接宾语。 例句:We should respect our parents.(我们应该尊重父母。) 搭配:show respect for sb.(对某人表示尊敬)。 2. care for 含义:照顾,关心。 例句:She cares for her sick grandmother.(她照顾生病的祖母。) 同义表达:look after 照顾;take care of(照料,更口语化)。 3. the old / the young 结构:the + 形容词表示一类人(如 the old, the young),需注意主谓一致。 例句:The rich should help the poor.(富人应该帮助穷人。) 4. 并列祈使句:由 and 连接两个动词短语,表达并列的要求。 结构:动词原形 + 宾语 + and + 动词短语。 例句:Open the door and let the dog in.(打开门让狗进来。) 【典例】 1. 翻译:我们应该尊敬老人并关爱儿童。 _______________________________________ 2. We should ______ the old and take care of children. A. look at B. care for C. talk about D. play with 3. Respect your teachers and listen carefully.(改为否定句) _______________________________________ 【参考答案】 1. We should respect the old and care for the young. 2. B 3.Don’t respect your teachers or listen carefully. 【考点2】Wait for the traffic lights to turn green. 等待交通灯变绿。 【详解】 1. wait for 等待;等候。 后接名词或代词作宾语,表示 “等待某人 / 某物”。 例句:She is waiting for her friend at the bus stop.(她在公交站等朋友。) 搭配:wait for sb. to do sth.(等待某人做某事)。 2. turn green 变为绿色。turn 为系动词,后接颜色、状态形容词作表语。 例句:The leaves turn yellow in autumn.(秋天树叶变黄。) 3. 动词不定式作目的状语:to turn green 表示等待的目的。 结构:Wait for sth. to do(等待某物发生某种变化)。 例句:Wait for the water to boil.(等水烧开。) 【典例】 1. Please ______ the bus to stop before getting off. A. wait for B. look for C. ask for D. pay for 2. You can cross the road when the light is green.(改为同义句) _______________________________before__________ the road. 【参考答案】1.A 2. Wait for the traffic lights to turn green before crossing the road. 【考点3】Don’t eat or drink in the classroom. 不要在教室里吃喝。 【详解】 1. or(或者/和):在否定句中,or 用于连接并列的否定成分(不能用 and)。 例句:I don’t like apples or bananas.(否定句中用 or) 对比肯定句:I like apples and bananas. 2. eat/drink(吃/喝):注意区分具体动作,eat 指固体食物,drink 指液体。 3. 否定祈使句:Don’t + 动词原形 + or + 动词原形,用于禁止多个行为。 【典例】 1.Don’t run ______ shout in the hallway. (and/or) 2. Eat snacks and drink cola in the classroom.(改为否定祈使句) _________________________________________ 【参考答案】1.or 2.Don’t eat snacks or drink cola in the classroom. 【考点4】Listen to the teacher carefully. 认真听老师讲。 【详解】 1.carefully(仔细地):副词,修饰动词 listen,描述动作的方式。 careful(仔细的):形容词,修饰名词或作表语。 副词用法:She reads carefully. 形容词用法:She is a careful reader. 副词修饰动词:副词通常位于动词后或句末,强调动作的细节。 常见错误: 误用 careful 修饰动词(如:Listen careful → 错误,应为 Listen carefully)。 【典例】 1. He drives carefully.→ He is a ____________driver. 2. Please do your homework ____________ (careful/carefully). 3. The doctor checked the patient ____________ (careful/carefully). 【参考答案】1.careful 2.carefully 3.carefully 【考点5】Return the books on time. 按时归还书籍。 【详解】 1. return (v.) 归还(= give back);返回。 例句:Please return the book to the library.(请把书还给图书馆。) 搭配:return to + 地点(返回某地)。 2. on time 准时(强调按时完成)。 例句:The train arrived on time.(火车准时到达。) 辨析:in time(及时,强调刚好赶上)。 【典例】 1. 翻译:请按时归还图书馆的书。” _____________________________________ 2.You must ______ the dictionary ______ the library today. A. return; back B. return; to C. give; back D. give; to 3. Don’t forget __________ (return) the books tomorrow. 【参考答案】1.Please return the library books on time. 2. B 3.to return 【考点6】Don’t eat in the classroom, Zhao Li. That’s one of our class rules. 赵力,不要在教室里吃东西。那是我们的班规之一。 【详解】 1. 句法结构: 否定祈使句:Don’t + 动词原形,用于直接禁止行为。 That’s one of...:表示“这是……之一”,后接复数名词(如 class rules)。 2. 词汇与短语: class rules(班级规则):可替换为其他场景规则,如 traffic rules。 one of(其中之一):注意其后接复数名词(one of the books)。 3. 常见错误: 误用 Don’t eat and drink(否定句中应用 or 连接并列动作)。 【典例】 1. 改写为否定祈使句:Run in the hallway. → ___________________________ 2. _________ (That’s/These are) one of our school ________(rule). 3. 这是图书馆的规则之一。 __________________________________ 【参考答案】1. Don’t run in the hallway. 2. That’s; rules 3. That’s one of the library rules. 【考点7】Come to school on time. 按时上学。 【详解】 1.短语辨析: on time(准时):强调严格按时完成(如上课、会议)。 in time(及时):强调在截止时间前完成(如赶上火车)。 2. 祈使句:动词原形开头,直接表达规则,常用于规章制度。 替换场景:Come to the meeting on time. 按时开会。 【典例】 1. We must arrive ______ (on time/in time) for the exam. 2. She finished her homework ______________ (on time/in time) to watch the movie.” 【参考答案】1.on time 2.in time 【考点8】There is also another rule: Always be polite.还有另外一条规则:始终要有礼貌。 【详解】 1. another(另一个):指三者及以上中的“另一个”,后接单数名词(another rule)。 2. polite,形容词,意为“有礼貌的”,常在系动词后作表语,也可在名词前作定语。 be polite (to...)意为“(对…)有礼貌”。 词形变化:politely 副词,礼貌地;impolite 形容词,不礼貌的;politeness 名词,礼貌 【典例】 1. We need ______ (another/other) rule for the lab. 2. —What’s the new rule? —______________________ (对老师要有礼貌). 【参考答案】1.another 2. Always be polite to teachers. 【考点9】What traffic rules should we follow?我们应该遵守哪些交通规则? 【详解】 1. traffic rules 交通规则 搭配: obey/follow traffic rules(遵守交通规则) break traffic rules(违反交通规则) 2. 情态动词should与 must: should:建议性(You should stop at a red light. 你必须在红灯时停车。) must:强制性(You must stop at a red light. 你必须在红灯时停车。) 【典例】 1. Drivers ______ stop at red lights. A. should B. must C. can D. may 2. You should wait for the green light.(改为一般疑问句) ________________________________ 【参考答案】1.B 2.Should we wait for the green light? 【考点10】You are new to our school.你是刚到我们学校的。 【详解】 1. be new to:刚接触;新加入(后接地点 / 领域)。 系表结构:be + 形容词短语(new to our school)。 考点:new to 与 new in 的区别(new in 后接地点名词,如 new in the school)。 例句对比 She is new to teaching.(她刚从事教学工作。) He is new in the city.(他刚搬到这个城市。) 【典例】 1. He is new ______ the team. A. to B. in C. at D. on 2. 翻译:“她刚接触编程。” _________________________programming. 【参考答案】1.A 2. She is new to 【考点11】 I forgot to tell you about that. 我忘记告诉你那件事了。 【详解】 1. forget to do sth.:忘记去做某事(动作未发生)。 2. tell sb. about sth.:告诉某人关于某事(双宾语结构)。 3. 考点:forget to do 与 forget doing 的区别(前者表示未做忘记做,后者表示已做但忘记)。 例句对比 I forgot to call her.(电话未打) I forgot calling her.(电话已打但忘记) 【典例】 1. Don’t forget ______ your umbrella. A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken 2. 翻译:“他忘记锁车了。” ___________________________ lock the car. 3. 改错:She forgot turning off the lights. ____________ 【参考答案】1. C 2.He forgot to 3.turning → to turn 【考点12】Come and have a look! “快来看看!” 【详解】 1. have a look:固定短语,相当于 look。 2. 并列祈使句:Come and have 由 and 连接两个动词原形。 3. 同义替换: Come and take a look! “快来看看!” Come over and see! “过来看一看!” 【典例】 1. Please ______ and sit down. A. come B. comes C. coming D. to come 2. 翻译:“过来帮我一下!” __________________________________________ 3. “Take a look at this picture.”(改为同义句) __________________________________________ 【参考答案】1. A 2. Come and help me! 3. Have a look at this picture. 【考点13】So, I must say sorry to you. 所以,我必须向你说对不起。 【详解】 1. must:情态动词,表示义务或强制。must + 动词原形:无人称和数的变化。 考点:must 与 have to 的区别(must 主观意愿,have to 客观要求)。 例句对比 I must finish my homework.我必须要完成作业。(主观意愿) I have to wear a uniform.我得穿校服。(学校规定) 2. say sorry to sb.:向某人道歉(介词 to 后接对象)。 【典例】 1. You ______ finish the work today. A. must B. have to C. can D. may 2. 翻译:“你必须向老师道歉。” _______________________________ 3. “Must I clean the room?”(作否定回答) _______________________________ 【参考答案】1. A 2. You must say sorry to the teacher. 3. No, you needn’t. 【考点14】Thank you for telling me about the rules. 谢谢你告诉我这些规则。 【详解】 1. thank sb. for doing sth.:因某事感谢某人。 2. tell sb. about sth.:双宾语结构,sth. 为直接宾语。 【典例】 1. Thanks for ______ me with my homework. A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped 2. 翻译:感谢你邀请我参加聚会。 _______________________________ 3. I appreciate your advice.(改为同义句) Thank you ________________________ 【参考答案】1.B 2.Thank you for inviting me to the party. 3.for advising me. 【考点15】A few meters away, there was a turn to the left. 几米开外,有一个向左的转弯。 【详解】 1. a few meters away(几米之外):介词短语作状语。 2. turn to the left(向左转):固定搭配,to 表示方向。 3. there be 句型:表示存在,后接名词短语 a turn。 考点:there be 句型的主谓一致;方向介词 to 的使用。 例句对比 There is a park to the right of the school.(学校右侧有一个公园。) 【典例】 1. __________________ (A few meters away / A few meters far) from the museum, there is a café. 2. There ______ (was/were) a big lake in the park last year. 3. Take the first ______ (turn/turning) to the left. 【参考答案】1.A few meters away 2.was 3. turning 【考点16】A good reader keeps on asking questions. 一个好的读者会不断地提出问题。 【详解】 1. keep on doing sth.(继续做某事):固定搭配,强调持续进行。 2. ask questions(提问):动宾结构,questions 为复数形式。 【典例】 1. The teacher kept on ____________ (explain) the problem until everyone understood. 2. She _________ (keep) on _________ (write) stories even after she retired(退休). 【参考答案】1. explaining 2. kept; writing 【考点17】To help Kangkang develop some good habits, his parents made some rules for him. 为了帮助康康养成一些好习惯,他的父母为他制定了一些规则。 【详解】 1. develop habits(养成习惯):动宾搭配,develop 表示 “培养”。 2. make rules(制定规则):固定短语,rules 为复数形式。 【典例】 1. It’s important ____________ (develop) good study habits. 2. The teacher _________ (make) some rules for the class last week. 【参考答案】1.to develop 2.made 【考点18】Children can share their stories together and enjoy themselves.孩子们可以一起分享他们的故事并玩得开心。 【详解】 1. share是动词,意为 “分享;共享” ,常见用法为 “share sth. with sb.” ,表示 “和某人分享某物” ,而本句中 “share their stories” ,是 “share sth.” 的结构,即分享他们的故事。例如:She likes to share her food with her friends.(她喜欢和朋友们分享她的食物 ) 。 2. enjoy是动词,意为 “享受;喜欢” ,常见搭配除了 “enjoy oneself(过得愉快;玩得开心 )” ,还有 “enjoy doing sth.” ,表示 “喜欢做某事” 。例如:He enjoys reading books.(他喜欢读书 ) 。【典例】 1. She always __________ (share) her snacks ________ her classmates. 2. We enjoyed ______ (we) at the amusement park yesterday. 【参考答案】1. shares; with 2. ourselves 【考点19】He turned right, ran into the wall and hurt his leg. 他向右转弯,撞上了墙并且伤了腿。 【详解】 1. 句子中 “turned”“ran”“hurt” 均为动词过去式,体现一般过去时,用于描述过去发生的动作。如:turn→turned(转弯);run→ran(跑,此处引申为 “撞上” 的动作起始);hurt→hurt(受伤,过去式与原形同形)。 2. “turn right” 意为 “向右转”,是常见的方向表达,类似结构有 “turn left(向左转)”“turn back(转身)”。 3.“run into” 表示 “撞上;撞到”,强调动作的偶然性或突发性,如:The car ran into a tree.(汽车撞到了树上。) 【典例】 1. He __________ (turn) left and __________ (run) into a tree. 2. She __________ (hurt) her hand while cooking yesterday. 3. The car __________ a tree because the driver was distracted. 这辆汽车撞上了一棵树,因为司机分心了。 A. ran into B. ran after C. ran out of 【参考答案】1. turned; ran 2. hurt 3.A 【考点20】Do homework on time and help with housework. 按时写家庭作业并帮忙做家务。 【详解】 1. on time(准时;按时) 用法:作为介词短语,在句中作状语,修饰动词,强调动作在规定时间内完成。 例如:do homework on time(按时写作业),The train arrived on time.(火车准时到达。) 2. help with(在…… 方面帮忙;协助做……) 用法:动词短语,后接名词、代词,说明帮助的具体事务;若接动词,需用动名词形式(help with doing sth.)。 例如:“help with housework” 表示 “帮忙做家务”;再如 “Can you help with the project?(你能在这个项目上帮忙吗?)”“He helps with walking the dog.(他帮忙遛狗。)” 【典例】 1. He often helps his father ________ the garden work. 2.My brother helps me ______ my math homework. A. with B. to C. for 3. 翻译:我们必须按时完成这个项目。 ____________________________ the project _____________________. 【参考答案】 1. with 2. A 3.We must finish the project on time. 【考点21】Kangkang tries his best to follow the rules because he knows the rules are good for him. 康康尽他最大努力遵守这些规则,因为他知道它们对他有好处。 【详解】 1. try his best to(尽他最大努力做……) “one's” 需与主语保持一致(如:try my/your/their best)。强调主观上的努力,即使结果不一定成功。 例句:She tries her best to learn English well.(她尽最大努力学好英语。) 同义替换:do one's best / make every effort。 2. follow(遵守;跟随) 遵守规则 / 指令:follow the rules(遵守规则)、follow instructions(遵循指示)。 跟随 / 理解:follow sb.(跟随某人)、follow a story(理解故事)。 例句: We must follow traffic rules to stay safe.(我们必须遵守交通规则以确保安全。) I couldn't follow his explanation.(我没听懂他的解释。) 反义词:break(违反),如 break the rules(违反规则)。 3. be good for(对…… 有好处) 结构:be good for + 名词 / 动名词。表示某事物对某人或某方面有益。 例句: Exercise is good for your health.(锻炼对你的健康有好处。) Reading is good for developing imagination.(阅读有助于培养想象力。) 反义表达:be bad for(对…… 有害),如 Smoking is bad for your lungs.(吸烟有害肺部。) 拓展: be good at(擅长):She is good at singing.(她擅长唱歌。) be good to(对…… 友好):He is good to everyone.(他对每个人都很友好。) 【典例】 1. Kangkang tries ______ (he) best to study hard. 2. It’s good ______ (for/to) you to drink milk every day. 3.We should follow ______ to keep safe. A. the rule B. rule C. the rules 【参考答案】1.his 2. for 3.C 【考点22】Alone at Home 独自在家 【详解】 1. alone,形容词或副词,表示客观上的“单独;独自”,强调无人陪伴,无感情色彩。 例句:She went home alone after school. 她放学后独自回家。 常见搭配: leave sb. alone(让某人独处) 辨析lonely,形容词,强调主观上的“孤独的;寂寞的”,带有情感色彩;也可指地方“偏僻的;荒凉的”。 例句:The old man feels lonely because his children are far away. 老人因孩子不在身边而感到孤独。 常见搭配: feel lonely(感到孤独) a lonely heart(孤独的人) ·常见错误提醒 1. 词性混淆: 错误:She is lonely sitting there.(lonely 是形容词,不可作状语) 正确:She is alone sitting there. 或 She sits there alone. 2. 情感误用: 错误:He lives lonely in the city.(强调客观独处,应用 alone) 正确:He lives alone in the city, but he doesn’t feel lonely. ·拓展延伸 (1)alone 的副词用法:位置灵活,可置于句末或动词后。 例:He works alone. = He alone works.(他独自工作。) (2)lonely 的特殊含义:描述地方时意为“人迹罕至的”。 例:a lonely beach(荒凉的海滩) 【典例】 1. Although he is _________, he doesn’t feel _________. 虽然他很孤独,但他并不感到寂寞。 2. Which sentence is correct? A. She was lonely sitting in the park. B. He is alone at home every weekend. C. They moved to a alone village. 3. 翻译:这个小镇很偏僻,但人们并不觉得孤单。 The town is _________, but people there ___________________________. 【参考答案】1.alone; lonely 2.B 3.The town is lonely, but people there don’t feel alone. 【考点23】I went to the door and looked through the peephole. 我走到门边通过窥视孔往外看。 【详解】 1. look through 核心含义: (1)透过… 看:指视线穿过某个物体(如窗户、镜子、窥视孔等)。 例句:She looked through the window and saw a bird.(她透过窗户看到一只鸟。) (2)快速浏览;查阅:指快速查看信息或资料。 例句:I looked through the report but found nothing important.(我浏览了报告,但没发现重要内容。) 2. look相关短语: look at 看(强调动作) Look at the blackboard, please.(请看黑板。) look for 寻找 She is looking for her keys.(她在找钥匙。) look after照顾 Could you look after my dog?(你能照顾我的狗吗?) look up 查阅(字典 / 资料);抬头看 I looked up the word in the dictionary.(我查了字典。) look into 调查 The police are looking into the case.(警方正在调查此案。) 【典例】 1. She _________ (look) through the telescope to see the stars last night. 2. He ______ the window and saw his friend outside. A. looked into B. looked after C. looked through 3. 翻译:她透过眼镜仔细看地图。 She ________________________________ carefully to read the ________. 【参考答案】 1.looked 2. C 3.She looked through her glasses carefully to read the map 【考点24】When we cross the road, we must listen to the crossing guards and follow the traffic lights. 当我们过马路的时候,我们要听从交警的指挥并遵守信号灯的指示。 【详解】 1. cross与across (1)cross,动词(vt.),穿过(强调动作本身),直接接宾语(cross the road) 例句:He crossed the bridge.(他过了桥。) (2)across,介词(prep.),穿过(强调从一边到另一边),与动词连用(walk/go across the road) 例句:She walked across the street.(她走过了街道。) ·同义替换 cross = go/walk across cross = 穿过/走过。 例:Cross the road carefully. = Go across the road carefully.(小心过马路。) 【典例】 1. Be careful when you _________ (cross) the street. 2. The dog ran _________ (cross) the field quickly. 3. Which sentence is correct? A. She acrossed the river by boat. B. He crossed the bridge yesterday. C. They walk cross the park every day. 【参考答案】1.cross 2. across 3.B 【考点25】For example,we shouldn't eat, drink or make any noise in the library. 我们不应该在图书馆吃喝或制造任何噪声。 【详解】 1. For example(例如),作为插入语,用于举例说明,前后用逗号隔开。 例句:For example, we should keep quiet in the library.(例如,我们应该在图书馆保持安静。) 2. noise(噪声;喧闹声),名词,指令人不悦或杂乱的声音。 例句:Don’t make noise in class.(不要在课堂上制造噪音。) noisy(吵闹的),形容词,描述环境或人发出的噪音。 例句:The classroom is too noisy.(教室太吵了。) voice(嗓音;说话声),名词,特指人说话、唱歌的声音。 例句:She has a beautiful voice.(她嗓音很美。) sound(声音),名词。泛指自然界中的各种声音(包括人、动物、物体发出的声音)。 例句:The sound of rain is relaxing.(雨声让人放松。) 典例】 1. We should follow the rules, __________________ (例如), waiting in line. 2. Don’t make ______ (noise/noisy) in the hospital. 3. The ______ of the bell woke me up. A. noise B. voice C. sound 【参考答案】 1. for example 2. noise 3.sound 【考点26】I'm happy to hear from you. 很开心收到你的来信。 【详解】 1. be happy to(很高兴做某事)。形容词短语作表语,后接动词不定式表示原因或目的。 例句:I'm happy to meet you.(我很高兴见到你。) 同义替换:be glad to / be pleased to。 2. hear from(收到… 的来信 / 消息)。指通过信件、电话、电子邮件等方式收到某人的信息。 用法:hear from + 人(宾格)。 例句:I heard from my pen pal yesterday.(我昨天收到了笔友的来信。) 3. 对比短语:hear of / hear about hear of:听说(某人 / 某事存在)。 例:I've never heard of this place.(我从未听说过这个地方。) hear about:听说(关于某人 / 某事的细节)。 例:I heard about your accident. Are you okay?(我听说了你的事故,你还好吗?) 【典例】 1. I ______ (be) happy to ______ (help) you with your homework. 2. She was happy _________ (hear) from her cousin in Canada. 3. Which sentence is correct? A. I'm happy hearing from you. B. She is happy to hearing from her friend. C. We are happy to hear from you. 【参考答案】 1.am; help 2. to hear 3. C 【考点27】We should never fight with others because safety always comes first. 我们应该永远不与人打架,因为安全永远是第一位的。 【详解】 1. fight(打架;斗争),动词 / 名词。 不规则变化:fight → fought(过去式 / 过去分词) fight with sb.(与某人打架 / 争吵) 例句:We shouldn’t fight with others at school.(我们不应该在学校和别人打架。) fight for sth.(为…… 而战) 例句:They fought for freedom.(他们为自由而战。) fight against sth.(与…… 作斗争) 例句:Doctors are fighting against COVID-19.(医生们正在与新冠病毒作斗争。) have a fight with sb.(与某人打架) 例句:He had a fight with his brother yesterday.(他昨天和弟弟打架了。) 2. come first(最重要;优先), 表示某事物在重要性或顺序上处于首位。 主语 + come first(主语多为抽象名词,如 safety, health)。 例句:Safety comes first when driving.(开车时安全第一。) sth. comes first over sth.(某事物比另一事物更重要)。 例句:Health comes first over money.(健康比金钱更重要。) 同义替换:take priority(优先考虑)。 【典例】 1.We must ______________ (not fight) with classmates. 2. In this game, teamwork ______ (come) first. 3. Family always ______ first for me. A. come B. comes C. coming。 【参考答案】 1.not fight 2. comes 3. A 【考点28】Rules are really important to us, so we should keep them in mind and follow them. 规则对我们真的非常重要,所以我们要把它们牢记在心并且遵守它们。 【详解】 1. be important to(对…… 重要),强调某事物对某人或某事的重要性。 例句:Rules are important to society.(规则对社会很重要。) 对比:be important for,后接动作或目的。 例句:It's important for students to follow school rules.(对学生来说,遵守校规很重要。) 2. keep in mind(牢记;记住),宾语可以是名词、代词或从句。 例句:We should keep safety in mind.(我们应该牢记安全。) 3. mind(名词:头脑;心思) 常见搭配: make up one's mind(下定决心) 例句:He made up his mind to study abroad.(他下定决心出国留学。) change one's mind(改变主意) 例句:She changed her mind about the trip.(她改变了旅行的主意。) 4. follow(遵守;跟随) 遵守规则 / 指令:follow the rules(遵守规则)、follow instructions(遵循指示)。 跟随 / 理解:follow sb.(跟随某人)、follow a story(理解故事)。 例句: We must follow traffic rules to stay safe.(我们必须遵守交通规则以确保安全。) I couldn't follow his explanation.(我没听懂他的解释。) 反义词:break(违反),如 break the rules(违反规则)。 【典例】 1. Health is important ______ (to/for) everyone. 2. Please keep __________ (this/these) rules in mind. 3. She changed __________ (she) mind about the plan. 4. I can’t ______ the rules if they are unclear. A. follow B. mind C. keep 【参考答案】 1. to 2. these 3. her 4. follow 【考点29】You should listen to the advice. 你应该听从劝告。 【详解】 1. advice(不可数名词),表示“劝告;建议”,通常指具有一定经验或专业知识的人给出的明智、合理的意见。 用法:不可数,不能直接用不定冠词修饰,也没有复数形式。常见搭配有“give advice(提出建议)”“take/follow one's advice(接受/听从某人的建议)”“ask for advice(征求建议)”等。 例句: You should give me some advice on how to learn English well.(你应该给我一些关于如何学好英语的建议。) 2. advise(动词),意为“劝告;建议”,是 advice 的动词形式。 用法:常见用法有“advise sb. to do sth.(建议某人做某事)”“advise doing sth.(建议做某事)”“advise sb. against sth./doing sth.(建议某人不要做某事)” 。 例句:The doctor advised me to take more exercise.(医生建议我多锻炼。) 3. suggestion(可数名词),也表示“建议”,但通常指一般性的想法或提议,不一定基于专业知识或经验。 用法:有复数形式 suggestions,可以用不定冠词 a/an 修饰。常见搭配有“make a suggestion(提出一个建议)”“give suggestions(给出建议)”等。 例句:Can you make a suggestion about the party?(你能就这次派对提个建议吗?) 【典例】 1. My mother gave me some ____________ (advise) on choosing a career. 2. The teacher ____________ (advice) us to read more books. 3. He made several good _________ (suggestion) at the meeting. 【参考答案】 1. advice 2. advises 3. suggestions 【考点30】You should pay attention. 你应该全神贯注。 【详解】 1. pay attention是一个常用的英语短语,意为 “注意;留意;全神贯注”,强调集中精力去关注某人、某事或某物。 在一些语境中可以单独使用,表达提醒他人集中注意力这一基本意思。 例句:Pay attention! The teacher is coming.(注意啦!老师来了。) 接介词 to:更常见的用法是 “pay attention to”,“to” 是介词,后面可以接名词、代词、动名词等。 接名词:You should pay attention to your pronunciation.(你应该注意你的发音。) 接代词:Please pay attention to it.(请留意它。) 接动名词:We should pay attention to protecting the environment.(我们应该注意保护环境。) ·常见搭配及拓展 pay close/extra attention to:表示 “密切 / 格外注意”。 例句:You need to pay close attention to the details in this experiment.(你在这个实验中需要密切注意细节。) draw one's attention:表示 “吸引某人的注意力”。 例句:The beautiful picture drew my attention.(这幅美丽的画吸引了我的注意力。) catch one's attention:同样表示 “吸引某人的注意力”。 例句:The loud noise caught everyone's attention.(巨大的噪音吸引了每个人的注意力。) 【典例】 1. You should pay attention ____________ (listen) to the teacher in class. 2. Please pay ____________ (close) attention to the traffic lights when you cross the road. 3. The strange sound ______ my attention when I was reading. A. drew B. paid C. gave 【参考答案】 1. to listening 2. close 3. A 【考点31】Take care of the children under 10 years old. 请照顾好十岁以下的孩子。 【详解】 1. take care of:强调 “负责照顾某人 / 某物的健康、安全或福利”,可用于人或物。 例句:Take care of your health.(照顾好你的健康。) look after:侧重 “日常的照顾或管理”,通常用于人。 例句:She looked after her younger brother while their parents were out.(父母外出时,她照顾弟弟。) 同义替换 take care of ≈ look after(多数情况下可互换,尤其在照顾人时)。 例:Can you take care of/look after my dog while I’m on vacation?(我度假时你能照顾我的狗吗?) 【考点32】Our parents got really angry and decided to make some new family rules. 我们的父母很生气,决定制定一些家庭新规 【详解】 1. angry(形容词:生气的)。系表结构:get/become angry(变得生气)。 搭配介词: angry with sb.(对某人生气) 例句:My father was angry with me for breaking the window.(我父亲因我打破窗户而生气。) angry at/about sth.(对某事生气) 例句:He was angry at the unfair treatment.(他对不公平的待遇感到生气。) 副词形式:angrily(生气地)。 例句:She shouted angrily at the driver.(她生气地朝司机大喊。) 名词形式:anger(怒气)。 例句:He couldn’t control his anger.(他无法控制自己的怒气。) 2. decide(动词:决定) decide to do sth.(决定做某事)。 例句:We decided to go on a trip this summer.(我们决定今年夏天去旅行。) decide on sth.(选定某事)。 例句:We haven’t decided on the date yet.(我们还没确定日期。) decide + 宾语从句(决定……)。 例句:She decided that she would study abroad.(她决定出国留学。) 名词形式:decision(决定)。 make a decision(做决定)。 例句:They made a decision to start a business.(他们决定创业。) 【典例】 1. The teacher got ______ (anger) when the students were late. 2. They make a ______ (decide) to visit the museum tomorrow. 【参考答案】 1. angry 2. decision 【考点33】We promise to follow the new rules and try our best not to break them.我们承诺要遵守这些新的规定,并尽我们最大努力不违反这些规定。 【详解】 1.promise to(承诺做……)。表示 “承诺 / 保证做某事”,后接动词原形。 例句:She promised to help me with my homework.(她承诺帮我辅导作业。) 2. follow(遵守;跟随) 遵守规则:follow the rules(遵守规则)。 跟随 / 理解:follow sb.(跟随某人)、follow instructions(遵循指示)。 近义词:obey(遵守) 3. break(违反;打破)。过去式:break → broke。 违反规则:break the rules(违反规则)。 物理打破:break a window(打破窗户)。 例句: Don’t break the law.(不要违法。) 4. try one's best(尽某人最大努力)。“one's” 需与主语保持一致(如:try my/your/their best)。 例句:He tried his best to win the competition.(他尽力赢得比赛。) 同义替换:do one's best 【典例】 1. They promise ____________ (clean) the classroom after school. 2. We should ___________ (break/follow) the class rules carefully. 3. He tried ___________ (he) best to solve the problem. 【参考答案】1. to clean 2. follow 3.his 【考点34】If you eat or drink on the subway, you will get a fine up to 500 Singapore dollars. 如果你在新加坡地铁上吃喝,你将会被处以高达 500 新币的罚款。 【详解】 1. if 条件状语从句 结构:If + 一般现在时(条件),主句 + will + 动词原形(结果)。 (主将从现) 表示真实或可能发生的情况,结果通常是确定的。 例句:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。) 2. get a fine(被罚款) ,表示“因违规被处以罚款”,是口语化表达。 例句:He got a fine for speeding.(他因超速被罚款。) 3. fine(罚款;优质的) 1. 名词:罚款(可数)。 例:The fine for smoking is $500.(吸烟罚款500美元。) 2. 形容词:优质的、健康的、晴朗的。 例:It's a fine day today.(今天天气晴朗。) 3. 动词:处罚款。 例:The company was fined $10,000 for pollution.(该公司因污染被罚款1万美元。) 4. up to(高达;取决于) 1. 表示上限:意为“高达……”,后接数字或名词。 例:The temperature can go up to 40°C in summer.(夏季气温可达40摄氏度。) 2. 表示责任归属:意为“由……决定”。 例:It’s up to you to decide where to go.(去哪儿由你决定。) 常见搭配: up to date(最新的)、up to standard(符合标准)。 【典例】 1. If you break the rules, you ____________(get) a fine. 2. Which sentence uses up to correctly? A. I’ll finish the work up to Friday. B. The price is up to 100 dollars. C. It’s up to me to clean the room. 3. 如果你在图书馆吃东西,会被罚款。 ________________________________________ 【参考答案】 1. will get 2. B 3. If you eat in the library, you will get a fine. 【考点35】We Chinese think of food as an important part of our lives. 我们中国人把食物当作我们生活的一个重要组成部分。 【详解】 1. think of...as...(把... 视为 / 看作),表达对某事物的看法或归类,强调主观认知。 例:We think of her as our leader.(我们把她视为领导。) 同义替换: regard...as...(较正式):She regards him as her mentor.(她视他为导师。) consider...(as)...(可省略 as):They consider him (as) a genius.(他们认为他是天才。) 【典例】 1. She ______________ (think)her cat as a family member. 2. Which sentence uses think of...as correctly? A. I think of her my best friend. B. They think of the movie as boring. C. He thinks as the problem difficult. 【参考答案】 1. thinks of 2. B 【考点36】Take the right seat. 坐合适的位置。 【详解】 1. take a seat(坐下),礼貌地邀请或指示他人坐下,强调 “选择并占据一个座位”。 take a seat = sit down,但更正式。例:Take a seat, please.(请坐。) 同义替换:Have a seat(更口语化):Come in and have a seat.(进来坐吧。) Sit down(直接):Sit down, everyone!(大家坐下!) 2. sit(不及物动词:坐下),表示 “坐下” 的动作,强调状态,无需宾语。 sit (down) + 地点状语。例:She sat by the fire.(她坐在炉火旁。) sit still(坐着不动):The children couldn’t sit still.(孩子们坐不住。) sit up(坐直):Sit up straight!(坐直!) 【典例】 1. Please take a ______(sit/seat) while I prepare the tea. 2. She ______(sit/seat) quietly in the corner. 3. Which sentence is correct? A. Please seat here. B. Take a seat, please. C. He seated on the floor. 【参考答案】1. seat 2. sits 3.B 【考点37】Never point at people with chopsticks.永远不要用筷子指着别人。 【详解】 1. Never 祈使句(否定祈使句) 结构:Never + 动词原形(表示 “永远不要做某事”)。 例:Never touch the machine!(永远不要碰这台机器!) 同义表达:Don’t + 动词原形(语气稍弱)。 例:Don’t lie to me.(永远别骗我。) 语气特点: 比普通否定祈使句(Don’t)更强烈,强调 “绝对禁止”。 常用于警示或强调文化禁忌(如本题中的筷子礼仪)。 2. point at 与point to point at 用手指直接指向某人 / 物(具体对象),宾语通常为具体的人或物,可能隐含不礼貌或攻击性。 Don’t point at others with your finger. point to 指向方向或位置(抽象或具体对象),宾语可以是方向、位置或抽象事物(如数据、观点),语气更中性。 【典例】 1. She _________(point) to the clock and said it was late. 2. Which is impolite in China? A. Point to the menu with chopsticks. B. Point at people with chopsticks. 【参考答案】1. pointed 2. B 【语法点1】Reflexive pronouns 反身代词 【点拨】 反身代词(Reflexive Pronouns)是英语语法中用于强调动作执行者自身或表示“自己”的一类代词。 一、反身代词的构成 人称 数 人称代词 反身代词 第一人称 单数 I myself 复数 we ourselves 第二人称 单数 you yourself 复数 you yourselves 第三人称 单数 he himself she herself it itself 复数 they themselves 注意:第三人称单数需区分性别(himself/herself/itself);复数统一用themselves。 二、反身代词的用法 1. 作动词的宾语,与特定动词搭配,表示动作作用于自身。 例句: She teaches herself piano.(她自学钢琴。) They enjoyed themselves at the party.(他们在派对上玩得很开心。) 2. 作介词的宾语,常与介词 by, for, of 等连用。 例句: He made the model plane by himself.(他独自制作了飞机模型。) She bought a gift for herself.(她给自己买了礼物。) 3. 作同位语,强调主语或宾语,意为“亲自、本人”,位置灵活。 例句: The teacher himself answered the question.(老师亲自回答了问题。) I met the president herself.(我见到了总统本人。) 4. 作表语,位于系动词(be, feel, seem)后,描述状态。 例句: I’m not feeling myself today.(我今天不太舒服。) The winner was himself!(获胜者是他本人!) 三、常见固定搭配 teach oneself(自学) by oneself(独自) help oneself to...(自取) for oneself(为自己) enjoy oneself(玩得开心) look after oneself(照顾自己) introduce oneself(自我介绍) say to oneself(自言自语) 四、易错点提醒 1. 不可单独作主语: 错误:Himself did the homework. 正确:He himself did the homework.(他自己完成了作业。) 2. 不可作定语(需用 one’s own): 错误:This is myself book. 正确: This is my own book.(这是我自己的书。) 【典例】 一、单项选择 1.Boys and girls, please enjoy ________ at the party. A.himself B.herself C.yourselves D.themselves 【答案】C 【详解】句意:男孩们和女孩们,请在聚会上玩得开心。 考查反身代词辨析。himself他自己;herself她自己;yourselves你们自己;themselves他们自己。本句是祈使句,主语是“Boys and girls”,是复数形式,所以反身代词要用 “yourselves”,表示“你们自己”。故选C。 2.Daddy, don’t worry about me. Now I’m old enough to look after ________. A.myself B.yourself C.himself D.herself 【答案】A 【详解】句意:爸爸,不要担心我。现在我年龄足够大,可以照顾我自己了。 考查反身代词。myself我自己;yourself你自己;himself他自己;herself她自己。根据句意可知,这句话表示“我可以照顾我自己了”,所缺的词是myself,故选A。 3.I can work it out ________. A.by myself B.for myself C.by yourself D.for yourself 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我可以自己把它计算出来。 考查介词辨析和代词辨析。by myself靠我自己;for myself为了我自己;by yourself靠你自己;for yourself为了你自己。根据“I can”可知是能靠自己解决问题,by oneself“靠某人自己”,主语为I,反身代词用myself。故选A。 4.After his parents left, he had to cook for ________ every day. A.him B.himself C.his D.he 【答案】B 【详解】句意:在他父母离开后,他不得不每天为自己做饭。 考查反身代词的用法。him他(宾格);himself他自己(反身代词);his他的(物主代词);he 他(主格)。根据“he had to cook for”可知,此处表示为自己做饭,应使用反身代词。故选B。 5.The little girl can dress ________ now. A.her B.she C.herself D.hers 【答案】C 【详解】句意:这个小女孩现在能够自己穿衣服了。 考查反身代词。her她、她的,宾格或形容词性物主代词;she她,主格;herself她自己,反身代词;hers她的,名词性物主代词。“dress”当表示“给……穿衣服”时,常用搭配“dress sb.”,当主语和宾语是同一人时,要用反身代词。根据“The little girl can dress...now.”可知,主语是“The little girl”,表示小女孩能给自己穿衣服,所以这里要用反身代词“herself”来表示“她自己”。故选C。 二、词语运用 6.With (he) help, I could go across the river by (I). 【答案】 his myself 【详解】句意:通过他的帮助,我可以自己过河。help为名词,意思是“帮助”,名词前可用形容词性物主代词修饰,he为主格代词,形容词性物主代词为his;by为介词,后可跟反身代词,表示“通过某人自己”,I为主格代词,反身代词为myself,故填his;myself。 7.—Who taught him to swim? —No one. He taught (him). 【答案】himself 【详解】句意:——谁教他游泳的?——没有人。他自学。根据“No one.”及提示词可知,此处表达他自学,当句子的主语和宾语是同一个人时,宾语应用反身代词,him“他”,反身代词为himself。故填himself。 8.Welcome you all to China and enjoy (you) here. 【答案】yourselves 【详解】句意:欢迎大家来到中国,在这里过得愉快。enjoy oneself“玩得开心,过得愉快”,根据“Welcome you all to China”可知,you此处表示“你们”,其反身代词为yourselves。故填yourselves。 9.“Just one more month!” he said to (he). 【答案】himself 【详解】句意:“再过一个月!”他对自己说。根据“ he said to”可知,他应是对他自己说,故此处应使用反身代词himself“他自己”。故填himself。 10.Do you want to read the book by (you)? 【答案】yourself 【详解】句意:你想自己读这本书吗?by oneself“靠自己”,you“你”对应的反身代词是yourself。故填yourself。 11.I did it, so I felt proud of (I). 【答案】myself 【详解】句意:我做到了,所以我为自己感到骄傲。根据“I did it, so I felt proud of”可知,此处指的是“我为自己感到骄傲”,应用反身代词,故填myself。 12.Those girls enjoyed (they) at the park yesterday. 【答案】themselves 【详解】句意:昨天那些女孩在公园里玩得很开心。they“他们”,是主格形式;enjoy oneself“玩得开心”,因此用they的反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 13.Help (you) to some cakes, children. 【答案】yourselves 【详解】句意:孩子们,吃点蛋糕吧。help oneself to意为“随便吃(喝)……”,本句是祈使句,主语是you,children为复数,对应的反身代词是yourselves。故填yourselves。 14.“I can draw a map,” I told . (I) 【答案】myself 【详解】句意:我告诉自己:“我可以画一张地图。”根据“I told”以及提示词可知,此处指“我”告诉自己,应用反身代词myself“我自己”。故填myself。 15.The old man lives by (he). 【答案】himself 【详解】句意:这个老人独自生活。根据“The old man lives by...”及所给单词可知,by oneself表示 “独自地”,he的反身代词为himself。故填himself。 【语法点2】情态动词:must和should 【点拨】 一、情态动词 must 含义:表示“必须;一定”,强调主观上的必要性或肯定的推测。 用法: 1. 表示必须(主观义务),用于说话人认为有必要或必须遵守的规则、要求等。 例句: We must wear masks in the hospital.(在医院我们必须戴口罩。) You mustn’t talk loudly in the library.(禁止在图书馆大声喧哗。) ·对比:must与 have to must 主观认为有必要(个人意愿),无时态变化 have to 客观需要(外部规则或情况),有时态和人称变化(has to/had to) 例句: I must finish homework now.(主观决定) She has to get up early because school starts at 7:00.(学校规定) 2. 表示推测(肯定句中),意为“一定是;肯定是”,语气非常肯定。 例句: The lights are off. He must be asleep.(灯关了,他肯定睡着了。) It must rain soon. Look at the dark clouds!(乌云密布,肯定快下雨了。) ·对比:must与may/might/can’t must 肯定推测(可能性极高) may/might 可能推测(可能性一般) can’t 否定推测(不可能) 例句: The answer must be correct.(肯定正确) She may come to the party.(可能来) This can’t be his bag. His is blue.(不可能是他的包) 3. 疑问句与回答 疑问句:Must I...? 否定回答:No, you needn’t / don’t have to(不用)。 例句: —Must I clean the room now? —No, you needn’t. 二、情态动词 should 含义:表示“应该”,用于建议、劝告或责任,语气较温和。 用法: 1. 表示建议或义务 用于提醒他人或自己应该做某事。 例句: You should drink more water.(你应该多喝水。) We shouldn’t waste food.(我们不应该浪费食物。) 2. 表示可能性(推测) 可用于推测,但可能性低于 must。 例句: He should be at home now.(他现在应该在家。) 三、易错点与对比 1. must 的否定形式:mustn’t 表示“禁止”,而非“不需要”。 正确:You mustn’t eat here.(禁止吃) 错误:You don’t have to eat here.(不需要吃) 2. should 的否定形式:shouldn’t ,直接加 not,表示“不应该”。 例句: You shouldn’t play games too much.(不该过度玩游戏。) 3. must 与 should 的强度对比:must(必须)> should(应该) 例句: You must stop smoking.(强制) You should exercise more.(建议) 【典例】 一、单项选择 1.People ________ save animals because they are our friends. A.should B.can C.need D.may 【答案】A 【详解】句意:人们应该拯救动物,因为它们是我们的朋友。 考查情态动词辨析。should应该;can可以;need需要;may可能。根据“People…save animals because they are our friends.”可知,此处表示人们应该拯救动物。故选A。 2.We ________ keep quiet in the hospital. It’s one of the hospital rules. A.should B.may C.can D.would 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我们在医院应该保持安静。这是医院的规则之一。 考查情态动词。should应该;may可能;can能够;would将。根据“It’s one of the hospital rules.”可知,我们应该遵守医院的规则,故选A。 3.You ________ stay home in bed, dear. You have a bad cold. A.should B.can C.may D.do 【答案】A 【详解】句意:亲爱的,你应该卧床休息。你得了重感冒。 考查情态动词的用法。should应该;can能,可以;may可以;do用于实义动词前构成否定句和疑问句。根据“You have a bad cold.”可知,这里应该是建议卧床休息,应填表示建议的情态动词should。故选A。 4.Luo yang likes swimming very much and he ________ swim very well. A.can’t B.can C.shouldn’t D.should 【答案】B 【详解】句意:罗阳非常喜欢游泳,他能游得很好。 考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能;can能;shouldn’t不应该;should应该。根据“Luo yang likes swimming very much and he…swim very well.”可知,此处指的是他能够游泳得很好。can“能”,符合语境。故选B。 5.You ________ play with fire. It’s very dangerous. A.must B.mustn’t C.can D.needn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意:你不能玩火。这是非常危险的。 考查mustn’t表示禁止。must必须,一定;mustn’t不得,表示禁止;can可以,能;needn’t不必。根据“It’s very dangerous.”可知,玩火很危险,禁止玩火。mustn’t意为“不得”,表示禁止,故选B。 6.Everyone ________ obey the traffic rules to keep safe. A.may B.must C.can D.should 【答案】B 【详解】句意:为了确保安全,每个人都必须遵守交通规则。 考查情态动词。may可能;must必须;can能够;should应该。根据“obey the traffic rules”可知,是指每个人都必须遵守交通规则。故选B。 7.Excuse me, sir. You ________ open the door before the taxi stops. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.may not D.don’t have to 【答案】A 【详解】句意:对不起,先生。在出租车停下来之前,您不能开门。 考查情态动词的用法。mustn’t不准,禁止;needn’t不必,较主观;may not可能不会;don’t have to不必,不需要,较客观。根据“before the taxi stops.”及常识可知,车停下来之前“禁止”开车门。故选A。 8.You ________ cross the road when the traffic lights are red. A.mustn’t B.can’t C.wouldn’t D.needn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意:当交通灯是红色时,你禁止过马路。 考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t禁止;can’t不能;wouldn’t不会;needn’t不必。根据“cross the road when the traffic lights are red.”可知红灯时禁止过马路,因此应选择表示禁止的选项。故选A。 9.Tom, you ________ talk loudly in the library, and you ________ be quiet. A.can; must B.can’t; mustn’t C.have to; must D.can’t; must 【答案】D 【详解】句意:汤姆,你不能在图书馆里大声说话,你必须安静。 考查情态动词。can能;can’t不能;must必须;mustn’t禁止;have to不得不。第一个空,图书馆内不能大声喧哗,排除AC;第二个空,要求对方必须安静,用must。故选D。 10.Drivers ________ obey traffic rules to ensure the safety of themselves and others. A.can B.will C.might D.should 【答案】D 【详解】句意:司机应该遵守交通规则,以确保自己和他人的安全。 考查情态动词。can能;will将要;might可能;should应该。根据“Drivers…obey traffic rules”可知,遵守交通规则是一种责任和义务,应用should来表示建议或责任。故选D。 二、完成句子 11.You must wear sports shoes in P.E. class.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) — I sports shoes in P.E. class? —Yes, you . 【答案】 Must wear must 【详解】句意:你必须在体育课上穿运动鞋。must引导的一般疑问句结构,把must提到句首,后接主语和动词原形,放在句首首字母要大写。肯定回答用“Yes, 主语+must.”。故填Must;wear;must。 12.—Must I finish my homework now? (作否定回答) —No, you . 【答案】needn’t/don’t have to 【详解】句意:——我现在必须完成我的作业吗?——不,你不需要。情态动词must开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t/don’t have to。故填needn’t/don’t have to。 13.You should eat some vegetables. (改为否定句) You eat vegetables. 【答案】 shouldn’t any 【详解】句意:你应该吃些蔬菜。原句改为否定句,should的否定形式是shouldn’t,后接动词原形,some用于肯定句中,变为否定句要用any。故填shouldn’t;any。 14.Should she see a dentist? (做否定回答) , she . 【答案】 No shouldn’t 【详解】句意:——她应该去看牙医吗?——不,她不应该。分析题干,该句为情态动词should引导的一般疑问句。做否定回答时,其结构为“No, 主语+shouldn’t”。故填No;shouldn’t。 15.They must clean the classroom every day. (改为否定句) They the classroom every day. 【答案】 mustn’t clean 【详解】句意:他们必须每天打扫房间。must“必须”,否定形式是在后面加not,缩写为mustn’t,后跟动词原形clean。故填mustn’t;clean。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!第1页 共3页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ Unit 11 Rules Matter! Preparing for the Topic 词汇认知 1. __________(n.)规则;规章;条例 2. __________(n.)交通 3. __________(v.,n.)尊敬;尊重 4. __________(v.)忘记做;忘记 5. __________(n.)板;木板 6. __________(adj.)有礼貌的 短语积累 1.____________________ 交通规则 2. ____________________ 饮食规则 3. ____________________ 课堂规则 4. ____________________ 购物规则 5. ____________________ 家规 6. ____________________ 浪费食物 7. ____________________ 等待 8. ____________________ 变绿 9. ____________________ for __________排队付款 10. ____________________ 保持安静 11. ____________________ 按时 12. forget __________ sth. 忘记做过… 事(已做) 13. forget __________ sth.忘记该做…事 (还未做) 14. __________ a __________ 看一看 15. be __________ 保持礼貌 16. __________sorry __________… 向… 道歉 17. __________good __________树立好榜样 18. __________a loud __________制造很大的噪音 19. make __________制造麻烦 20. __________the __________赢得这场斗争 21. the __________and __________way __________go 最好、最安全的出行方式 22. take __________ __________… 照顾好… 23. __________ the __________遵守规则 ‌ 句型归纳 1. Respect _________________ and ________________ the young. 尊老爱幼。 2. ____________________ the traffic lights to __________ green. 等待红绿灯变绿。 3. __________ up __________ payment. 排队付款。 4. __________ the books __________ time. 准时归还书籍。 5. __________ traffic rules __________ we __________ ? 我们应该遵守哪些交通规则? 6. ____________________ should we __________ in the classroom? 在教室我们应该遵守哪些规则? 7. __________ did Wang Junfeng __________ sorry __________ Zhao Li? 王俊峰为什么向赵丽道歉? 8. I ____________________ tell you about that. 我忘了告诉你关于班规的相关事情。 9. __________ __________ see. 让我看看。 10. Always be __________ . 一直要有礼貌。 Exploring the Topic 词汇认知 1. __________(n.)原因;起因;(v.)造成;引起;导致 2. __________(n.)结果;影响 3. __________(n.)墙,墙壁;城墙 4. __________(v.)(使)疼痛,受伤 5. __________(pron.)他自己 6. __________(n.)家务劳动;家务事 7. __________(adv.,adj.)独自 8. __________(n.)(墙或门上等的)窥视孔 9. __________(n.)陌生人 10. __________(n.)递送;传送;交付 11. __________(n.)优点 12. __________(v.)穿越;横过 13. __________(n.)警卫,看守 14. __________(n.)(交通)事故;意外 15. __________(n.)噪声 16. __________(n.)自然环境;生态环境 17. __________(adj.)公正的;公道的 18. __________(n.)球场;法院 19. __________(adj.)亲爱的 20. __________(conj.)因为;既然 21. __________(v.)打架;打仗;努力争取;为……斗争;(n.)打架;比赛 22. __________(n.)头脑;大脑;心思;(v.)介意 23. __________(pron.)她自己 24. __________(n.)法语;法国人;(adj.)法国的;法国人的;法语的 25. __________(pron.)它自己(指施动并受其影响的动物或事物) 26. __________(pron.)我们自己 27. __________(v.)违犯,背弃;(使)破;弄坏;弄破;稍停;(n.)休息 28. __________(n.)头;负责人;(v.)前往 29. __________(adv.)慢速地;缓慢地 30. __________(v.)说话;谈话 31. __________(adv.)吵闹地;嘈杂地 32. __________(n.)法律;法规 33. __________(n.)劝告;建议 34. __________(n.)注意;专心 短语积累 1. ____________________ 读书俱乐部 2. enjoy __________玩得开心 3. __________one's bicycle 骑自行车 4. a __________ to the __________向左的转弯 5. come __________ of 从……出来 6. run __________ the wall 撞到墙上 7. __________ one's leg 伤了某人的腿 8. road __________ 交通事故 9. ask __________ 提问 10. go home ____________________ 立刻回家 11. do homework ____________________ 按时做作业 12. help __________ housework 帮忙做家务 13. ____________________ bed 上床睡觉 14. try one's __________ 尽某人最大努力 15. __________ the rule 遵守规则 16. ____________________the door 敲门 17. ____________________ the peephole 透过窥视孔看 18. delivery man ____________________ 19. benefit of __________ rules 遵守规则的好处 20. __________place 公共场所 21. __________the road 过马路 22. crossing guard ____________________ 23. ____________________交通信号灯 24. ____________________from… 远离… 25. ____________________交通事故 26. __________things ____________________ 使事物井然有序 27. ____________________ 制造噪音 28. __________or __________学习或工作 29. __________game 玩游戏 30. a __________game 一场公平的游戏 31. ____________________保持安静 32. __________things ____________________ 整理物品 33. ____________________ others 与他人打架 34. safety ____________________安全第一 35. __________rules ____________________ 牢记规则 36. __________stories 分享故事 37. __________the traffic __________违反交通规则 38. __________students 作为学生 39. look at ____________________看两边 40. __________on the __________在街上奔跑 41. drive __________慢速驾驶 42. play __________fire 玩火 43. speak __________大声说话 44. __________the law 违法 45. __________ __________the red light 红灯前等待 46. play __________the road 在路上玩耍 47. listen to the __________听从建议 句型归纳 1. Children can __________their stories __________and __________ themselves. 孩子们可以一起分享他们的故事并玩得开心。 2. Suddenly a car __________ out of the turn. 突然,一辆车从路口驶出。 3. He __________ right, ____________________ the wall and __________his leg. 他向右转弯,撞上了墙并且伤了腿。 4. He ran into the wall and ____________________. 他撞上了墙并伤了自己。 5. To help Kangkang __________ some good __________ , his parents __________ some __________ for him. 为了让康康养成一些好习惯,他的父母为他制定了一些规则。 6. ____________________ at 6:30 a.m. and ____________________ the bedroom. 早上6点半起床并且整理卧室。 7. Go home ____________________ after school. 放学后立刻回家。 8. Do homework __________________ and help __________housework. 按时写家庭作业并帮忙做家务。 9. __________ to bed __________ 10:00 p.m. 晚上十点钟上床睡觉。 10. Kangkang __________ his __________ to __________ the rules because he knows the rules are __________ __________ him. 康康尽他最大努力遵守这些规则,因为他知道它们对他有好处。 11. __________ a Sunday afternoon, I was __________ my homework __________ home. 在一个周日的下午,我正在家里做家庭作业。 12. __________ , there was a __________ at the door. 突然有人敲门。 13. I __________ to the door and looked __________ the peephole. 我走到门边通过窥视孔往外看。 14. I __________ not ____________________ the door and __________ back to do my homework. 我决定不开门,然后回去写作业。 15. We __________ in a world of rules. 我们生活在一个充满规则的世界。 16. When we __________ the road, we __________ listen to the __________ guards and __________ the traffic lights. 当我们过马路的时候,我们要听从交警的指挥并遵守信号灯的指示。 17. __________ this way, we can __________ away __________ traffic accidents. 通过这种方式,我们可以远离交通事故。 18. Also, rules __________ things in __________ . 同样,规则也会让事情井然有序。 19. For __________ , we __________ eat, drink or __________ any noise in the library. 比如,我们不应该在图书馆吃喝或制造任何噪音。 20. __________ more, rules can __________ us more __________ . 而且,规则会给我们带来更多的乐趣。 21. A game is __________ when it is __________ . 游戏只有在公平的前提下才有趣。 22. The world is a __________ place with __________ . 这个世界因为规则而变得更美好。 23. I’m happy to ____________________you. 很开心收到你的来信。 24. __________ you want to know my class rules, I’d __________ to tell you some of them. 因为你想了解我的班规,所以我想告诉你一些。 25. We should never ____________________others because __________ always comes __________. 我们应该永远不与人打架,因为安全永远是第一位的。 26. Rules are really __________ _______ us, so we should keep them ____________________and __________them. 规则对我们真的非常重要,所以我们要把它们牢记在心并且遵守它们。 27. Xiao Fang teaches __________French, and Jim teaches __________Chinese. 肖芳自学法语,吉姆自学汉语。 28. Drivers should always tell __________ never to __________ the traffic __________ . 司机们应该始终告诫自己永远不要违反交通规则。 29. We must __________ at __________ sides before __________ the road. 在过马路前我们必须要看路的两边。 30. We shouldn’t __________ our heads or hands __________ of the car windows. 我们不应该将头或手伸出车窗外。 31. There are many people __________ the street, so you __________ drive __________ . 街上有许多人,所以你必须缓慢驾驶。 32. When you are __________ in other countries, you __________ to __________ the rules and __________ break the __________. 当你在其他国家旅行时,你需要了解当地的规则,千万不要违法。 33. You should ____________________ help. 你应该寻求帮助。 34. You should _________________ the __________. 你应该听从劝告。 35. You should ____________________. 你应该全神贯注。 Developing the Topic 基础词汇 1. __________(n.)室内/室外游泳池;水塘,池塘 2. __________(n.)混乱;杂乱 3. __________(adj.)愤怒的;生气的 4. __________(adj.)大声的;喧闹的 5. __________(v.)承诺;(n.)诺言 短语积累 1. __________…__________… 把……放入…… 2. take __________ __________… 照顾…… 3. __________ …years old 在……岁以下 4. a __________pool 一个游泳池 5. __________angry 生气 6. from __________ __________从现在起 7. too __________太多 8. __________ __________ do sth 承诺做某事 句型归纳 1. __________ the waste __________ the waste __________. 把垃圾放进垃圾箱。 2. Take __________ of the children __________ 10 years old. 请照顾好十岁以下的孩子。 3. ____________________ loud music. 不要播放嘈杂的音乐。 4. The house was in a big __________ after the party. 聚会后家里一片狼藉。 5. Our parents got really __________ and ____________________ make some new family rules. 我们的父母很生气,决定制定一些家庭新规。 6. Last, we __________ really loud music, and it __________ our neighbors __________ . 最后,我们播放的音乐太吵,使我们的邻居非常生气。 7. We __________ to __________ the new rules and __________ our best not __________ break them. 我们承诺要遵守这些新的规定,并尽我们最大努力不违反这些规定。 Wrapping up the Topic 词汇认知 1. __________(v.)表示……的意思;(adj.)吝啬的;小气的 2. __________(n.)行为;举止;态度 3. __________(n.)(就可能发生的意外等提出的)警告,警示;先兆 4. __________(n.)地铁 5. __________(n.)元(美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国的货币单位) 6. __________(n.)头盔 7. __________(n.)骑手;骑马(或自行车、摩托车)的人 8. __________(n.)会议;集会 9. __________(n.)礼仪;礼貌(复数) 10. __________(n.)座位 11. __________(n.)人;个人 12. __________(adj.)错误的;有毛病 13. __________(n.)盘子;碟子 14. __________(n.)筷子 15. __________(v.)指,指向;(n.)论点;重点;点 短语积累 1. get a __________被罚款 2. ____________________… 多达… ;直到… 3. __________ the __________of 在……后面 4. think __________ …__________… 把……看作…… 5. __________the dishes 品尝菜肴 6. __________at… 指着…… 7. public __________公共标志 句型归纳 1. __________ do the following public signs __________? 下面的这些公共指示牌是什么意思? 2. For good __________ . 举止要得当。 3. For __________ . 警示 / 警告。 4. __________ you eat or drink on the subway, you ____________________ a fine up __________ 500 Singapore dollars. 如果你在新加坡地铁上吃喝,你将会被处以高达 500 新币的罚款。 5. __________ the meeting, we __________ chat. 禁止在会议期间聊天。 6. We __________ be __________ for school. 我们不应该上学迟到。 7. Mr. Li shouldn’t ____________________ too late. 李先生不应该熬夜。 8. We Chinese ____________________ food __________ an important part __________ our lives. 我们中国人把食物当作我们生活中的一个重要组成部分。 9. Here __________ some table __________ in China. 这里是一些中国的餐桌礼仪。 10. There is usually a “Best Seat” for the most __________ person and a right __________ for everyone. 通常最重要的人会有一个 “最佳位置”,并且每个人都会有一个合适的位置。 11. So, don’t __________ in the __________ seat. 所以不要坐错位置。 12. People must not __________ chopsticks __________ rice. 人们千万不要把筷子插在米饭里面。 13. Never _________________people __________chopsticks. 永远不要用筷子指着别人。 Pronunciation 元音 Letter oa oi/oy oo ou Sound /əʊ/ /ɔɪ/ /u:/ /ʊ/ /aʊ/ /u:/ /ʌ/ Word road coat noise boy classroom moon good cook loud mouth group through trouble enough 辅音 Letter x Sound /ks/ /gz/ Word excellent six example exact Grammar in Use 语法 1. Reflexive pronouns 反身代词 2. must/mustn’t, should/shouldn’t 情态动词 【考点1】 Respect the old and care for the young.尊老爱幼。 【详解】 1. respect (v.) 及物动词,意为“尊重”,直接接宾语。 例句:We should respect our parents.(我们应该尊重父母。) 搭配:show respect for sb.(对某人表示尊敬)。 2. care for 含义:照顾,关心。 例句:She cares for her sick grandmother.(她照顾生病的祖母。) 同义表达:look after 照顾;take care of(照料,更口语化)。 3. the old / the young 结构:the + 形容词表示一类人(如 the old, the young),需注意主谓一致。 例句:The rich should help the poor.(富人应该帮助穷人。) 4. 并列祈使句:由 and 连接两个动词短语,表达并列的要求。 结构:动词原形 + 宾语 + and + 动词短语。 例句:Open the door and let the dog in.(打开门让狗进来。) 【典例】 1. 翻译:我们应该尊敬老人并关爱儿童。 _______________________________________ 2. We should ______ the old and take care of children. A. look at B. care for C. talk about D. play with 3. Respect your teachers and listen carefully.(改为否定句) _______________________________________ 【考点2】Wait for the traffic lights to turn green. 等待交通灯变绿。 【详解】 1. wait for 等待;等候。 后接名词或代词作宾语,表示 “等待某人 / 某物”。 例句:She is waiting for her friend at the bus stop.(她在公交站等朋友。) 搭配:wait for sb. to do sth.(等待某人做某事)。 2. turn green 变为绿色。turn 为系动词,后接颜色、状态形容词作表语。 例句:The leaves turn yellow in autumn.(秋天树叶变黄。) 3. 动词不定式作目的状语:to turn green 表示等待的目的。 结构:Wait for sth. to do(等待某物发生某种变化)。 例句:Wait for the water to boil.(等水烧开。) 【典例】 1. Please ______ the bus to stop before getting off. A. wait for B. look for C. ask for D. pay for 2. You can cross the road when the light is green.(改为同义句) _______________________________before__________ the road. 【考点3】Don’t eat or drink in the classroom. 不要在教室里吃喝。 【详解】 1. or(或者/和):在否定句中,or 用于连接并列的否定成分(不能用 and)。 例句:I don’t like apples or bananas.(否定句中用 or) 对比肯定句:I like apples and bananas. 2. eat/drink(吃/喝):注意区分具体动作,eat 指固体食物,drink 指液体。 3. 否定祈使句:Don’t + 动词原形 + or + 动词原形,用于禁止多个行为。 【典例】 1.Don’t run ______ shout in the hallway. (and/or) 2. Eat snacks and drink cola in the classroom.(改为否定祈使句) _________________________________________ 【考点4】Listen to the teacher carefully. 认真听老师讲。 【详解】 1.carefully(仔细地):副词,修饰动词 listen,描述动作的方式。 careful(仔细的):形容词,修饰名词或作表语。 副词用法:She reads carefully. 形容词用法:She is a careful reader. 副词修饰动词:副词通常位于动词后或句末,强调动作的细节。 常见错误: 误用 careful 修饰动词(如:Listen careful → 错误,应为 Listen carefully)。 【典例】 1. He drives carefully.→ He is a ____________driver. 2. Please do your homework ____________ (careful/carefully). 3. The doctor checked the patient ____________ (careful/carefully). 【考点5】Return the books on time. 按时归还书籍。 【详解】 1. return (v.) 归还(= give back);返回。 例句:Please return the book to the library.(请把书还给图书馆。) 搭配:return to + 地点(返回某地)。 2. on time 准时(强调按时完成)。 例句:The train arrived on time.(火车准时到达。) 辨析:in time(及时,强调刚好赶上)。 【典例】 1. 翻译:请按时归还图书馆的书。” _____________________________________ 2.You must ______ the dictionary ______ the library today. A. return; back B. return; to C. give; back D. give; to 3. Don’t forget __________ (return) the books tomorrow. 【考点6】Don’t eat in the classroom, Zhao Li. That’s one of our class rules. 赵力,不要在教室里吃东西。那是我们的班规之一。 【详解】 1. 句法结构: 否定祈使句:Don’t + 动词原形,用于直接禁止行为。 That’s one of...:表示“这是……之一”,后接复数名词(如 class rules)。 2. 词汇与短语: class rules(班级规则):可替换为其他场景规则,如 traffic rules。 one of(其中之一):注意其后接复数名词(one of the books)。 3. 常见错误: 误用 Don’t eat and drink(否定句中应用 or 连接并列动作)。 【典例】 1. 改写为否定祈使句:Run in the hallway. → ___________________________ 2. _________ (That’s/These are) one of our school ________(rule). 3. 这是图书馆的规则之一。 __________________________________ 【考点7】Come to school on time. 按时上学。 【详解】1.短语辨析: on time(准时):强调严格按时完成(如上课、会议)。 in time(及时):强调在截止时间前完成(如赶上火车)。 2. 祈使句:动词原形开头,直接表达规则,常用于规章制度。 替换场景:Come to the meeting on time. 按时开会。 【典例】 1. We must arrive ______ (on time/in time) for the exam. 2. She finished her homework ______________ (on time/in time) to watch the movie.” 【考点8】There is also another rule: Always be polite.还有另外一条规则:始终要有礼貌。 【详解】1. another(另一个):指三者及以上中的“另一个”,后接单数名词(another rule)。 2. polite,形容词,意为“有礼貌的”,常在系动词后作表语,也可在名词前作定语。 be polite (to...)意为“(对…)有礼貌”。 词形变化:politely 副词,礼貌地;impolite 形容词,不礼貌的;politeness 名词,礼貌 【典例】 1. We need ______ (another/other) rule for the lab. 2. —What’s the new rule? —______________________ (对老师要有礼貌). 【考点9】What traffic rules should we follow?我们应该遵守哪些交通规则? 【详解】1. traffic rules 交通规则 搭配: obey/follow traffic rules(遵守交通规则) break traffic rules(违反交通规则) 2. 情态动词should与 must: should:建议性(You should stop at a red light. 你必须在红灯时停车。) must:强制性(You must stop at a red light. 你必须在红灯时停车。) 【典例】 1. Drivers ______ stop at red lights. A. should B. must C. can D. may 2. You should wait for the green light.(改为一般疑问句) ________________________________ 【考点10】You are new to our school.你是刚到我们学校的。 【详解】 1. be new to:刚接触;新加入(后接地点 / 领域)。 系表结构:be + 形容词短语(new to our school)。 考点:new to 与 new in 的区别(new in 后接地点名词,如 new in the school)。 例句对比 She is new to teaching.(她刚从事教学工作。) He is new in the city.(他刚搬到这个城市。) 【典例】 1. He is new ______ the team. A. to B. in C. at D. on 2. 翻译:“她刚接触编程。” _________________________programming. 【考点11】 I forgot to tell you about that. 我忘记告诉你那件事了。 【详解】1. forget to do sth.:忘记去做某事(动作未发生)。 2. tell sb. about sth.:告诉某人关于某事(双宾语结构)。 3. 考点:forget to do 与 forget doing 的区别(前者表示未做忘记做,后者表示已做但忘记)。 例句对比 I forgot to call her.(电话未打) I forgot calling her.(电话已打但忘记) 【典例】 1. Don’t forget ______ your umbrella. A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken 2. 翻译:“他忘记锁车了。” ___________________________ lock the car. 3. 改错:She forgot turning off the lights. ____________ 【考点12】Come and have a look! “快来看看!” 【详解】1. have a look:固定短语,相当于 look。 2. 并列祈使句:Come and have 由 and 连接两个动词原形。 3. 同义替换: Come and take a look! “快来看看!” Come over and see! “过来看一看!” 【典例】 1. Please ______ and sit down. A. come B. comes C. coming D. to come 2. 翻译:“过来帮我一下!” __________________________________________ 3. “Take a look at this picture.”(改为同义句) __________________________________________ 【考点13】So, I must say sorry to you. 所以,我必须向你说对不起。 【详解】1. must:情态动词,表示义务或强制。must + 动词原形:无人称和数的变化。 考点:must 与 have to 的区别(must 主观意愿,have to 客观要求)。 例句对比 I must finish my homework.我必须要完成作业。(主观意愿) I have to wear a uniform.我得穿校服。(学校规定) 2. say sorry to sb.:向某人道歉(介词 to 后接对象)。 【典例】 1. You ______ finish the work today. A. must B. have to C. can D. may 2. 翻译:“你必须向老师道歉。” _______________________________ 3. “Must I clean the room?”(作否定回答) _______________________________ 【考点14】Thank you for telling me about the rules. 谢谢你告诉我这些规则。 【详解】1. thank sb. for doing sth.:因某事感谢某人。 2. tell sb. about sth.:双宾语结构,sth. 为直接宾语。 【典例】 1. Thanks for ______ me with my homework. A. help B. helping C. to help D. helped 2. 翻译:感谢你邀请我参加聚会。 _______________________________ 3. I appreciate your advice.(改为同义句) Thank you ________________________ 【考点15】A few meters away, there was a turn to the left. 几米开外,有一个向左的转弯。 【详解】1. a few meters away(几米之外):介词短语作状语。 2. turn to the left(向左转):固定搭配,to 表示方向。 3. there be 句型:表示存在,后接名词短语 a turn。 考点:there be 句型的主谓一致;方向介词 to 的使用。 例句对比 There is a park to the right of the school.(学校右侧有一个公园。) 【典例】 1. __________________ (A few meters away / A few meters far) from the museum, there is a café. 2. There ______ (was/were) a big lake in the park last year. 3. Take the first ______ (turn/turning) to the left. 【考点16】A good reader keeps on asking questions. 一个好的读者会不断地提出问题。 【详解】1. keep on doing sth.(继续做某事):固定搭配,强调持续进行。 2. ask questions(提问):动宾结构,questions 为复数形式。 【典例】 1. The teacher kept on ____________ (explain) the problem until everyone understood. 2. She _________ (keep) on _________ (write) stories even after she retired(退休). 【考点17】To help Kangkang develop some good habits, his parents made some rules for him. 为了帮助康康养成一些好习惯,他的父母为他制定了一些规则。 【详解】1. develop habits(养成习惯):动宾搭配,develop 表示 “培养”。 2. make rules(制定规则):固定短语,rules 为复数形式。 【典例】 1. It’s important ____________ (develop) good study habits. 2. The teacher _________ (make) some rules for the class last week. 【考点18】Children can share their stories together and enjoy themselves.孩子们可以一起分享他们的故事并玩得开心。 【详解】1. share是动词,意为 “分享;共享” ,常见用法为 “share sth. with sb.” ,表示 “和某人分享某物” ,而本句中 “share their stories” ,是 “share sth.” 的结构,即分享他们的故事。例如:She likes to share her food with her friends.(她喜欢和朋友们分享她的食物 ) 。 2. enjoy是动词,意为 “享受;喜欢” ,常见搭配除了 “enjoy oneself(过得愉快;玩得开心 )” ,还有 “enjoy doing sth.” ,表示 “喜欢做某事” 。例如:He enjoys reading books.(他喜欢读书 ) 。【典例】 1. She always __________ (share) her snacks ________ her classmates. 2. We enjoyed ______ (we) at the amusement park yesterday. 【考点19】He turned right, ran into the wall and hurt his leg. 他向右转弯,撞上了墙并且伤了腿。 【详解】1. 句子中 “turned”“ran”“hurt” 均为动词过去式,体现一般过去时,用于描述过去发生的动作。如:turn→turned(转弯);run→ran(跑,此处引申为 “撞上” 的动作起始);hurt→hurt(受伤,过去式与原形同形)。 2. “turn right” 意为 “向右转”,是常见的方向表达,类似结构有 “turn left(向左转)”“turn back(转身)”。 3.“run into” 表示 “撞上;撞到”,强调动作的偶然性或突发性,如:The car ran into a tree.(汽车撞到了树上。) 【典例】 1. He __________ (turn) left and __________ (run) into a tree. 2. She __________ (hurt) her hand while cooking yesterday. 3. The car __________ a tree because the driver was distracted. 这辆汽车撞上了一棵树,因为司机分心了。 A. ran into B. ran after C. ran out of 【考点20】Do homework on time and help with housework. 按时写家庭作业并帮忙做家务。 【详解】1. on time(准时;按时) 用法:作为介词短语,在句中作状语,修饰动词,强调动作在规定时间内完成。 例如:do homework on time(按时写作业),The train arrived on time.(火车准时到达。) 2. help with(在…… 方面帮忙;协助做……) 用法:动词短语,后接名词、代词,说明帮助的具体事务;若接动词,需用动名词形式(help with doing sth.)。 例如:“help with housework” 表示 “帮忙做家务”;再如 “Can you help with the project?(你能在这个项目上帮忙吗?)”“He helps with walking the dog.(他帮忙遛狗。)” 【典例】 1. He often helps his father ________ the garden work. 2.My brother helps me ______ my math homework. A. with B. to C. for 3. 翻译:我们必须按时完成这个项目。 ____________________________ the project _____________________. 【考点21】Kangkang tries his best to follow the rules because he knows the rules are good for him. 康康尽他最大努力遵守这些规则,因为他知道它们对他有好处。 【详解】1. try his best to(尽他最大努力做……) “one's” 需与主语保持一致(如:try my/your/their best)。强调主观上的努力,即使结果不一定成功。 例句:She tries her best to learn English well.(她尽最大努力学好英语。) 同义替换:do one's best / make every effort。 2. follow(遵守;跟随) 遵守规则 / 指令:follow the rules(遵守规则)、follow instructions(遵循指示)。 跟随 / 理解:follow sb.(跟随某人)、follow a story(理解故事)。 例句: We must follow traffic rules to stay safe.(我们必须遵守交通规则以确保安全。) I couldn't follow his explanation.(我没听懂他的解释。) 反义词:break(违反),如 break the rules(违反规则)。 3. be good for(对…… 有好处) 结构:be good for + 名词 / 动名词。表示某事物对某人或某方面有益。 例句: Exercise is good for your health.(锻炼对你的健康有好处。) Reading is good for developing imagination.(阅读有助于培养想象力。) 反义表达:be bad for(对…… 有害),如 Smoking is bad for your lungs.(吸烟有害肺部。) 拓展: be good at(擅长):She is good at singing.(她擅长唱歌。) be good to(对…… 友好):He is good to everyone.(他对每个人都很友好。) 【典例】 1. Kangkang tries ______ (he) best to study hard. 2. It’s good ______ (for/to) you to drink milk every day. 3.We should follow ______ to keep safe. A. the rule B. rule C. the rules 【考点22】Alone at Home 独自在家 【详解】1. alone,形容词或副词,表示客观上的“单独;独自”,强调无人陪伴,无感情色彩。 例句:She went home alone after school. 她放学后独自回家。 常见搭配: leave sb. alone(让某人独处) 辨析lonely,形容词,强调主观上的“孤独的;寂寞的”,带有情感色彩;也可指地方“偏僻的;荒凉的”。 例句:The old man feels lonely because his children are far away. 老人因孩子不在身边而感到孤独。 常见搭配: feel lonely(感到孤独) a lonely heart(孤独的人) ·常见错误提醒 1. 词性混淆: 错误:She is lonely sitting there.(lonely 是形容词,不可作状语) 正确:She is alone sitting there. 或 She sits there alone. 2. 情感误用: 错误:He lives lonely in the city.(强调客观独处,应用 alone) 正确:He lives alone in the city, but he doesn’t feel lonely. ·拓展延伸 (1)alone 的副词用法:位置灵活,可置于句末或动词后。 例:He works alone. = He alone works.(他独自工作。) (2)lonely 的特殊含义:描述地方时意为“人迹罕至的”。 例:a lonely beach(荒凉的海滩) 【典例】 1. Although he is _________, he doesn’t feel _________. 虽然他很孤独,但他并不感到寂寞。 2. Which sentence is correct? A. She was lonely sitting in the park. B. He is alone at home every weekend. C. They moved to a alone village. 3. 翻译:这个小镇很偏僻,但人们并不觉得孤单。 The town is _________, but people there ___________________________. 【考点23】I went to the door and looked through the peephole. 我走到门边通过窥视孔往外看。 【详解】1. look through 核心含义: (1)透过… 看:指视线穿过某个物体(如窗户、镜子、窥视孔等)。 例句:She looked through the window and saw a bird.(她透过窗户看到一只鸟。) (2)快速浏览;查阅:指快速查看信息或资料。 例句:I looked through the report but found nothing important.(我浏览了报告,但没发现重要内容。) 2. look相关短语: look at 看(强调动作) Look at the blackboard, please.(请看黑板。) look for 寻找 She is looking for her keys.(她在找钥匙。) look after照顾 Could you look after my dog?(你能照顾我的狗吗?) look up 查阅(字典 / 资料);抬头看 I looked up the word in the dictionary.(我查了字典。) look into 调查 The police are looking into the case.(警方正在调查此案。) 【典例】 1. She _________ (look) through the telescope to see the stars last night. 2. He ______ the window and saw his friend outside. A. looked into B. looked after C. looked through 3. 翻译:她透过眼镜仔细看地图。 She ________________________________ carefully to read the ________. 【考点24】When we cross the road, we must listen to the crossing guards and follow the traffic lights. 当我们过马路的时候,我们要听从交警的指挥并遵守信号灯的指示。 【详解】1. cross与across (1)cross,动词(vt.),穿过(强调动作本身),直接接宾语(cross the road) 例句:He crossed the bridge.(他过了桥。) (2)across,介词(prep.),穿过(强调从一边到另一边),与动词连用(walk/go across the road) 例句:She walked across the street.(她走过了街道。) ·同义替换 cross = go/walk across cross = 穿过/走过。 例:Cross the road carefully. = Go across the road carefully.(小心过马路。) 【典例】 1. Be careful when you _________ (cross) the street. 2. The dog ran _________ (cross) the field quickly. 3. Which sentence is correct? A. She acrossed the river by boat. B. He crossed the bridge yesterday. C. They walk cross the park every day. 【考点25】For example,we shouldn't eat, drink or make any noise in the library. 我们不应该在图书馆吃喝或制造任何噪声。 【详解】1. For example(例如),作为插入语,用于举例说明,前后用逗号隔开。 例句:For example, we should keep quiet in the library.(例如,我们应该在图书馆保持安静。) 2. noise(噪声;喧闹声),名词,指令人不悦或杂乱的声音。 例句:Don’t make noise in class.(不要在课堂上制造噪音。) noisy(吵闹的),形容词,描述环境或人发出的噪音。 例句:The classroom is too noisy.(教室太吵了。) voice(嗓音;说话声),名词,特指人说话、唱歌的声音。 例句:She has a beautiful voice.(她嗓音很美。) sound(声音),名词。泛指自然界中的各种声音(包括人、动物、物体发出的声音)。 例句:The sound of rain is relaxing.(雨声让人放松。) 典例】 1. We should follow the rules, __________________ (例如), waiting in line. 2. Don’t make ______ (noise/noisy) in the hospital. 3. The ______ of the bell woke me up. A. noise B. voice C. sound 【考点26】I'm happy to hear from you. 很开心收到你的来信。 【详解】1. be happy to(很高兴做某事)。形容词短语作表语,后接动词不定式表示原因或目的。 例句:I'm happy to meet you.(我很高兴见到你。) 同义替换:be glad to / be pleased to。 2. hear from(收到… 的来信 / 消息)。指通过信件、电话、电子邮件等方式收到某人的信息。 用法:hear from + 人(宾格)。 例句:I heard from my pen pal yesterday.(我昨天收到了笔友的来信。) 3. 对比短语:hear of / hear about hear of:听说(某人 / 某事存在)。 例:I've never heard of this place.(我从未听说过这个地方。) hear about:听说(关于某人 / 某事的细节)。 例:I heard about your accident. Are you okay?(我听说了你的事故,你还好吗?) 【典例】 1. I ______ (be) happy to ______ (help) you with your homework. 2. She was happy _________ (hear) from her cousin in Canada. 3. Which sentence is correct? A. I'm happy hearing from you. B. She is happy to hearing from her friend. C. We are happy to hear from you. 【考点27】We should never fight with others because safety always comes first. 我们应该永远不与人打架,因为安全永远是第一位的。 【详解】1. fight(打架;斗争),动词 / 名词。 不规则变化:fight → fought(过去式 / 过去分词) fight with sb.(与某人打架 / 争吵) 例句:We shouldn’t fight with others at school.(我们不应该在学校和别人打架。) fight for sth.(为…… 而战) 例句:They fought for freedom.(他们为自由而战。) fight against sth.(与…… 作斗争) 例句:Doctors are fighting against COVID-19.(医生们正在与新冠病毒作斗争。) have a fight with sb.(与某人打架) 例句:He had a fight with his brother yesterday.(他昨天和弟弟打架了。) 2. come first(最重要;优先), 表示某事物在重要性或顺序上处于首位。 主语 + come first(主语多为抽象名词,如 safety, health)。 例句:Safety comes first when driving.(开车时安全第一。) sth. comes first over sth.(某事物比另一事物更重要)。 例句:Health comes first over money.(健康比金钱更重要。) 同义替换:take priority(优先考虑)。 【典例】 1.We must ______________ (not fight) with classmates. 2. In this game, teamwork ______ (come) first. 3. Family always ______ first for me. A. come B. comes C. coming。 【考点28】Rules are really important to us, so we should keep them in mind and follow them. 规则对我们真的非常重要,所以我们要把它们牢记在心并且遵守它们。 【详解】1. be important to(对…… 重要),强调某事物对某人或某事的重要性。 例句:Rules are important to society.(规则对社会很重要。) 对比:be important for,后接动作或目的。 例句:It's important for students to follow school rules.(对学生来说,遵守校规很重要。) 2. keep in mind(牢记;记住),宾语可以是名词、代词或从句。 例句:We should keep safety in mind.(我们应该牢记安全。) 3. mind(名词:头脑;心思) 常见搭配: make up one's mind(下定决心) 例句:He made up his mind to study abroad.(他下定决心出国留学。) change one's mind(改变主意) 例句:She changed her mind about the trip.(她改变了旅行的主意。) 4. follow(遵守;跟随) 遵守规则 / 指令:follow the rules(遵守规则)、follow instructions(遵循指示)。 跟随 / 理解:follow sb.(跟随某人)、follow a story(理解故事)。 例句: We must follow traffic rules to stay safe.(我们必须遵守交通规则以确保安全。) I couldn't follow his explanation.(我没听懂他的解释。) 反义词:break(违反),如 break the rules(违反规则)。 【典例】 1. Health is important ______ (to/for) everyone. 2. Please keep __________ (this/these) rules in mind. 3. She changed __________ (she) mind about the plan. 4. I can’t ______ the rules if they are unclear. A. follow B. mind C. keep 【考点29】You should listen to the advice. 你应该听从劝告。 【详解】1. advice(不可数名词),表示“劝告;建议”,通常指具有一定经验或专业知识的人给出的明智、合理的意见。 用法:不可数,不能直接用不定冠词修饰,也没有复数形式。常见搭配有“give advice(提出建议)”“take/follow one's advice(接受/听从某人的建议)”“ask for advice(征求建议)”等。 例句: You should give me some advice on how to learn English well.(你应该给我一些关于如何学好英语的建议。) 2. advise(动词),意为“劝告;建议”,是 advice 的动词形式。 用法:常见用法有“advise sb. to do sth.(建议某人做某事)”“advise doing sth.(建议做某事)”“advise sb. against sth./doing sth.(建议某人不要做某事)” 。 例句:The doctor advised me to take more exercise.(医生建议我多锻炼。) 3. suggestion(可数名词),也表示“建议”,但通常指一般性的想法或提议,不一定基于专业知识或经验。 用法:有复数形式 suggestions,可以用不定冠词 a/an 修饰。常见搭配有“make a suggestion(提出一个建议)”“give suggestions(给出建议)”等。 例句:Can you make a suggestion about the party?(你能就这次派对提个建议吗?) 【典例】 1. My mother gave me some ____________ (advise) on choosing a career. 2. The teacher ____________ (advice) us to read more books. 3. He made several good _________ (suggestion) at the meeting. 【考点30】You should pay attention. 你应该全神贯注。 【详解】1. pay attention是一个常用的英语短语,意为 “注意;留意;全神贯注”,强调集中精力去关注某人、某事或某物。 在一些语境中可以单独使用,表达提醒他人集中注意力这一基本意思。 例句:Pay attention! The teacher is coming.(注意啦!老师来了。) 接介词 to:更常见的用法是 “pay attention to”,“to” 是介词,后面可以接名词、代词、动名词等。 接名词:You should pay attention to your pronunciation.(你应该注意你的发音。) 接代词:Please pay attention to it.(请留意它。) 接动名词:We should pay attention to protecting the environment.(我们应该注意保护环境。) ·常见搭配及拓展 pay close/extra attention to:表示 “密切 / 格外注意”。 例句:You need to pay close attention to the details in this experiment.(你在这个实验中需要密切注意细节。) draw one's attention:表示 “吸引某人的注意力”。 例句:The beautiful picture drew my attention.(这幅美丽的画吸引了我的注意力。) catch one's attention:同样表示 “吸引某人的注意力”。 例句:The loud noise caught everyone's attention.(巨大的噪音吸引了每个人的注意力。) 【典例】 1. You should pay attention ____________ (listen) to the teacher in class. 2. Please pay ____________ (close) attention to the traffic lights when you cross the road. 3. The strange sound ______ my attention when I was reading. A. drew B. paid C. gave 【考点31】Take care of the children under 10 years old. 请照顾好十岁以下的孩子。 【详解】1. take care of:强调 “负责照顾某人 / 某物的健康、安全或福利”,可用于人或物。 例句:Take care of your health.(照顾好你的健康。) look after:侧重 “日常的照顾或管理”,通常用于人。 例句:She looked after her younger brother while their parents were out.(父母外出时,她照顾弟弟。) 同义替换 take care of ≈ look after(多数情况下可互换,尤其在照顾人时)。 例:Can you take care of/look after my dog while I’m on vacation?(我度假时你能照顾我的狗吗?) 【考点32】Our parents got really angry and decided to make some new family rules. 我们的父母很生气,决定制定一些家庭新规 【详解】1. angry(形容词:生气的)。系表结构:get/become angry(变得生气)。 搭配介词: angry with sb.(对某人生气) 例句:My father was angry with me for breaking the window.(我父亲因我打破窗户而生气。) angry at/about sth.(对某事生气) 例句:He was angry at the unfair treatment.(他对不公平的待遇感到生气。) 副词形式:angrily(生气地)。 例句:She shouted angrily at the driver.(她生气地朝司机大喊。) 名词形式:anger(怒气)。 例句:He couldn’t control his anger.(他无法控制自己的怒气。) 2. decide(动词:决定) decide to do sth.(决定做某事)。 例句:We decided to go on a trip this summer.(我们决定今年夏天去旅行。) decide on sth.(选定某事)。 例句:We haven’t decided on the date yet.(我们还没确定日期。) decide + 宾语从句(决定……)。 例句:She decided that she would study abroad.(她决定出国留学。) 名词形式:decision(决定)。 make a decision(做决定)。 例句:They made a decision to start a business.(他们决定创业。) 【典例】 1. The teacher got ______ (anger) when the students were late. 2. They make a ______ (decide) to visit the museum tomorrow. 【考点33】We promise to follow the new rules and try our best not to break them.我们承诺要遵守这些新的规定,并尽我们最大努力不违反这些规定。 【详解】1.promise to(承诺做……)。表示 “承诺 / 保证做某事”,后接动词原形。 例句:She promised to help me with my homework.(她承诺帮我辅导作业。) 2. follow(遵守;跟随) 遵守规则:follow the rules(遵守规则)。 跟随 / 理解:follow sb.(跟随某人)、follow instructions(遵循指示)。 近义词:obey(遵守) 3. break(违反;打破)。过去式:break → broke。 违反规则:break the rules(违反规则)。 物理打破:break a window(打破窗户)。 例句: Don’t break the law.(不要违法。) 4. try one's best(尽某人最大努力)。“one's” 需与主语保持一致(如:try my/your/their best)。 例句:He tried his best to win the competition.(他尽力赢得比赛。) 同义替换:do one's best 【典例】 1. They promise ____________ (clean) the classroom after school. 2. We should ___________ (break/follow) the class rules carefully. 3. He tried ___________ (he) best to solve the problem. 【考点34】If you eat or drink on the subway, you will get a fine up to 500 Singapore dollars. 如果你在新加坡地铁上吃喝,你将会被处以高达 500 新币的罚款。 【详解】 1. if 条件状语从句 结构:If + 一般现在时(条件),主句 + will + 动词原形(结果)。 (主将从现) 表示真实或可能发生的情况,结果通常是确定的。 例句:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。) 2. get a fine(被罚款) ,表示“因违规被处以罚款”,是口语化表达。 例句:He got a fine for speeding.(他因超速被罚款。) 3. fine(罚款;优质的) 1. 名词:罚款(可数)。 例:The fine for smoking is $500.(吸烟罚款500美元。) 2. 形容词:优质的、健康的、晴朗的。 例:It's a fine day today.(今天天气晴朗。) 3. 动词:处罚款。 例:The company was fined $10,000 for pollution.(该公司因污染被罚款1万美元。) 4. up to(高达;取决于) 1. 表示上限:意为“高达……”,后接数字或名词。 例:The temperature can go up to 40°C in summer.(夏季气温可达40摄氏度。) 2. 表示责任归属:意为“由……决定”。 例:It’s up to you to decide where to go.(去哪儿由你决定。) 常见搭配: up to date(最新的)、up to standard(符合标准)。 【典例】 1. If you break the rules, you ____________(get) a fine. 2. Which sentence uses up to correctly? A. I’ll finish the work up to Friday. B. The price is up to 100 dollars. C. It’s up to me to clean the room. 3. 如果你在图书馆吃东西,会被罚款。 ________________________________________ 【考点35】We Chinese think of food as an important part of our lives. 我们中国人把食物当作我们生活的一个重要组成部分。 【详解】1. think of...as...(把... 视为 / 看作),表达对某事物的看法或归类,强调主观认知。 例:We think of her as our leader.(我们把她视为领导。) 同义替换: regard...as...(较正式):She regards him as her mentor.(她视他为导师。) consider...(as)...(可省略 as):They consider him (as) a genius.(他们认为他是天才。) 【典例】 1. She ______________ (think)her cat as a family member. 2. Which sentence uses think of...as correctly? A. I think of her my best friend. B. They think of the movie as boring. C. He thinks as the problem difficult. 【考点36】Take the right seat. 坐合适的位置。 【详解】1. take a seat(坐下),礼貌地邀请或指示他人坐下,强调 “选择并占据一个座位”。 take a seat = sit down,但更正式。例:Take a seat, please.(请坐。) 同义替换:Have a seat(更口语化):Come in and have a seat.(进来坐吧。) Sit down(直接):Sit down, everyone!(大家坐下!) 2. sit(不及物动词:坐下),表示 “坐下” 的动作,强调状态,无需宾语。 sit (down) + 地点状语。例:She sat by the fire.(她坐在炉火旁。) sit still(坐着不动):The children couldn’t sit still.(孩子们坐不住。) sit up(坐直):Sit up straight!(坐直!) 【典例】 1. Please take a ______(sit/seat) while I prepare the tea. 2. She ______(sit/seat) quietly in the corner. 3. Which sentence is correct? A. Please seat here. B. Take a seat, please. C. He seated on the floor. 【考点37】Never point at people with chopsticks.永远不要用筷子指着别人。 【详解】1. Never 祈使句(否定祈使句) 结构:Never + 动词原形(表示 “永远不要做某事”)。 例:Never touch the machine!(永远不要碰这台机器!) 同义表达:Don’t + 动词原形(语气稍弱)。 例:Don’t lie to me.(永远别骗我。) 语气特点: 比普通否定祈使句(Don’t)更强烈,强调 “绝对禁止”。 常用于警示或强调文化禁忌(如本题中的筷子礼仪)。 2. point at 与point to point at 用手指直接指向某人 / 物(具体对象),宾语通常为具体的人或物,可能隐含不礼貌或攻击性。 Don’t point at others with your finger. point to 指向方向或位置(抽象或具体对象),宾语可以是方向、位置或抽象事物(如数据、观点),语气更中性。 【典例】 1. She _________(point) to the clock and said it was late. 2. Which is impolite in China? A. Point to the menu with chopsticks. B. Point at people with chopsticks. 【语法点1】Reflexive pronouns 反身代词 【点拨】 反身代词(Reflexive Pronouns)是英语语法中用于强调动作执行者自身或表示“自己”的一类代词。 一、反身代词的构成 人称 数 人称代词 反身代词 第一人称 单数 I myself 复数 we ourselves 第二人称 单数 you yourself 复数 you yourselves 第三人称 单数 he himself she herself it itself 复数 they themselves 注意:第三人称单数需区分性别(himself/herself/itself);复数统一用themselves。 二、反身代词的用法 1. 作动词的宾语,与特定动词搭配,表示动作作用于自身。 例句: She teaches herself piano.(她自学钢琴。) They enjoyed themselves at the party.(他们在派对上玩得很开心。) 2. 作介词的宾语,常与介词 by, for, of 等连用。 例句: He made the model plane by himself.(他独自制作了飞机模型。) She bought a gift for herself.(她给自己买了礼物。) 3. 作同位语,强调主语或宾语,意为“亲自、本人”,位置灵活。 例句: The teacher himself answered the question.(老师亲自回答了问题。) I met the president herself.(我见到了总统本人。) 4. 作表语,位于系动词(be, feel, seem)后,描述状态。 例句: I’m not feeling myself today.(我今天不太舒服。) The winner was himself!(获胜者是他本人!) 三、常见固定搭配 teach oneself(自学) by oneself(独自) help oneself to...(自取) for oneself(为自己) enjoy oneself(玩得开心) look after oneself(照顾自己) introduce oneself(自我介绍) say to oneself(自言自语) 四、易错点提醒 1. 不可单独作主语: 错误:Himself did the homework. 正确:He himself did the homework.(他自己完成了作业。) 2. 不可作定语(需用 one’s own): 错误:This is myself book. 正确: This is my own book.(这是我自己的书。) 【典例】 一、单项选择 1.Boys and girls, please enjoy ________ at the party. A.himself B.herself C.yourselves D.themselves 2.Daddy, don’t worry about me. Now I’m old enough to look after ________. A.myself B.yourself C.himself D.herself 3.I can work it out ________. A.by myself B.for myself C.by yourself D.for yourself 4.After his parents left, he had to cook for ________ every day. A.him B.himself C.his D.he 5.The little girl can dress ________ now. A.her B.she C.herself D.hers 二、词语运用 6.With (he) help, I could go across the river by (I). 7.—Who taught him to swim? —No one. He taught (him). 8.Welcome you all to China and enjoy (you) here. 9.“Just one more month!” he said to (he). 10.Do you want to read the book by (you)? 11.I did it, so I felt proud of (I). 12.Those girls enjoyed (they) at the park yesterday. 13.Help (you) to some cakes, children. 14.“I can draw a map,” I told . (I) 15.The old man lives by (he). 【语法点2】情态动词:must和should 【点拨】 一、情态动词 must 含义:表示“必须;一定”,强调主观上的必要性或肯定的推测。 用法: 1. 表示必须(主观义务),用于说话人认为有必要或必须遵守的规则、要求等。 例句: We must wear masks in the hospital.(在医院我们必须戴口罩。) You mustn’t talk loudly in the library.(禁止在图书馆大声喧哗。) ·对比:must与 have to must 主观认为有必要(个人意愿),无时态变化 have to 客观需要(外部规则或情况),有时态和人称变化(has to/had to) 例句: I must finish homework now.(主观决定) She has to get up early because school starts at 7:00.(学校规定) 2. 表示推测(肯定句中),意为“一定是;肯定是”,语气非常肯定。 例句: The lights are off. He must be asleep.(灯关了,他肯定睡着了。) It must rain soon. Look at the dark clouds!(乌云密布,肯定快下雨了。) ·对比:must与may/might/can’t must 肯定推测(可能性极高) may/might 可能推测(可能性一般) can’t 否定推测(不可能) 例句: The answer must be correct.(肯定正确) She may come to the party.(可能来) This can’t be his bag. His is blue.(不可能是他的包) 3. 疑问句与回答 疑问句:Must I...? 否定回答:No, you needn’t / don’t have to(不用)。 例句: —Must I clean the room now? —No, you needn’t. 二、情态动词 should 含义:表示“应该”,用于建议、劝告或责任,语气较温和。 用法: 1. 表示建议或义务 用于提醒他人或自己应该做某事。 例句: You should drink more water.(你应该多喝水。) We shouldn’t waste food.(我们不应该浪费食物。) 2. 表示可能性(推测) 可用于推测,但可能性低于 must。 例句: He should be at home now.(他现在应该在家。) 三、易错点与对比 1. must 的否定形式:mustn’t 表示“禁止”,而非“不需要”。 正确:You mustn’t eat here.(禁止吃) 错误:You don’t have to eat here.(不需要吃) 2. should 的否定形式:shouldn’t ,直接加 not,表示“不应该”。 例句: You shouldn’t play games too much.(不该过度玩游戏。) 3. must 与 should 的强度对比:must(必须)> should(应该) 例句: You must stop smoking.(强制) You should exercise more.(建议) 【典例】 一、单项选择 1.People ________ save animals because they are our friends. A.should B.can C.need D.may 2.We ________ keep quiet in the hospital. It’s one of the hospital rules. A.should B.may C.can D.would 3.You ________ stay home in bed, dear. You have a bad cold. A.should B.can C.may D.do 4.Luo yang likes swimming very much and he ________ swim very well. A.can’t B.can C.shouldn’t D.should 5.You ________ play with fire. It’s very dangerous. A.must B.mustn’t C.can D.needn’t 6.Everyone ________ obey the traffic rules to keep safe. A.may B.must C.can D.should 7.Excuse me, sir. You ________ open the door before the taxi stops. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.may not D.don’t have to 8.You ________ cross the road when the traffic lights are red. A.mustn’t B.can’t C.wouldn’t D.needn’t 9.Tom, you ________ talk loudly in the library, and you ________ be quiet. A.can; must B.can’t; mustn’t C.have to; must D.can’t; must 10.Drivers ________ obey traffic rules to ensure the safety of themselves and others. A.can B.will C.might D.should 二、完成句子 11.You must wear sports shoes in P.E. class.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) — I sports shoes in P.E. class? —Yes, you . 12.—Must I finish my homework now? (作否定回答) —No, you . 13.You should eat some vegetables. (改为否定句) You eat vegetables. 14.Should she see a dentist? (做否定回答) , she . 15.They must clean the classroom every day. (改为否定句) They the classroom every day. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!第1页 共3页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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Unit 11 Rules Matter!(知识清单)英语新教材仁爱科普版七年级下册
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Unit 11 Rules Matter!(知识清单)英语新教材仁爱科普版七年级下册
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Unit 11 Rules Matter!(知识清单)英语新教材仁爱科普版七年级下册
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