Unit1重点词汇和句型-2024-2025学年沪教牛津版英语八年级下册

八下U1重点词汇和句型 ( 词汇百草园 Vocabulary ) 1、 单词拼写。 1. He is so brave that he has lots of c__________ to fight with the tiger. 2. Mr. Li can not drink any cold drinks because he suffers from s__________ toothache. 3. The Students’ Union will r__________ money to help the disabled people this Sunday. 4. She feels l__________ now that the kids have all left home. 5. T__________ mustn’t smoke because smoking is bad for their health. 6. Let’s go and ask p__________ to visit the Old People’s home. 7. We should help the d__________ people. 8. Mary will continue to do v__________ work in the future. 9. He always o__________ his seat to the old on the bus. 10. I taught them to sing because music can b__________ them joy and peace. 2、 根据汉语提示完成单词。 1. __________ (青少年) shouldn’t run away from their problems. 2. Our __________ (社区) has its own library. We can read books there at any time. 3. There was nothing but __________ (宁静) and beauty here. 4. The little girl has learned to __________ (表达) herself by e-mail. 5. To our __________ (愉快)，the actress will come to Xingyi next Sunday. 6. John is in high __________ (情绪), because he has won first prize. 3、 根据含义意思完成句子。 1. 在非洲，很多人遭受着饥饿和疾病之苦。 In Africa, many people __________ __________ the pain of hunger and illness. 2. 患难见真情。 A friend __________ __________ is a friend indeed. 3. 这位病人站立和行走都有困难。 The patient __________ __________ in __________ and __________. ( 短语大集结 Phrases Vocabulary ) 1. raise 及物动词，意为“筹募；增加、提高” 常考词组：1) raise money 筹钱 2) raise one’s spirits 使振奋；使鼓起勇气 3) raise one’s hand 举手 【趁热打铁】 ① 知道正确答案的话，请举手。 ______________________________ if you know the right answer. ② 他们去年筹到了钱来购买这所房子。 ______________________________ to buy the house last year. ③ 我朋友的来信使我很振奋。 My friend’s letter ____________________________. 2. permission 不可数名词，意为“准许、批准” 常考词组：ask permission 报请批准 【趁热打铁】 ① 让我们去报请批准下星期参观长城吧。 Let’s go and _______________________________ the Great Wall next week. 3. Could you do sth.? 意为“你能做某事吗？”或“清你做某事好吗？” 注意：could 在此处不是can的过去式，而是表示一种委婉客气的语气。 【趁热打铁】 ① — 请你帮我学英语可以吗？ — 可以，当然可以。 — __________________________________________________? — Yes, sure. 4. give sb. a hand 意为“帮助某人”，相当于“help sb” 【趁热打铁】 ① 你能帮我个忙吗？ Could you ____________________________? 5. offer 及物动词，意为“(主动) 提出” 常考词组：offer to do sth. (主动) 提出做某事 【趁热打铁】 ① 昨天汤姆主动提出开车送我们去公共汽车站。 Tom ____________________________ to the bus station. 6. disabled 形容词，意为“丧失能力的、有残疾的” 常考用法：在句中作定语或表语 【趁热打铁】 ① 他是一位残疾歌手。 He is ________________________________. ② 盲人和聋人都是残疾人。 Both blind people and deaf people _____________________________. 7. without 介词，意为“没有；不” 常考用法：后常接名词 (短语)、人称代词宾格或动词-ing形式 【趁热打铁】 ① 有许多没有孩子的家庭。 There are many families ________________________________. ② 他一句话也没有说就离开了教室。 He left the classroom _____________________________. 8. suffer 及物动词，意为“(因疾病等) 受苦；受折磨” 常考词组：suffer from sth. 因某事受苦，受某事的折磨。 后常接表示疾病、痛苦、寒冷、饥饿、悲伤等的词语。 【趁热打铁】 ① 那个小姑娘正患着重感冒。 The little girl ________________________________. ② 一些国家经常遭受洪灾。 Some countries often _____________________________. 9. serious 形容词，意为“严重的；严肃的” 常考词组：1) serious illnesses 严重的疾病 2) 系动词 + serious 严肃的、认真的 【趁热打铁】 ① 他遭受着严重的疾病的折磨。 He ________________________________. ② Air pollution has become _______ than ever before. We must do something to stop it. A. serious B. more serious C. most serious D. the most serious 10. a girl called Cindy 一个叫辛迪的女孩 常考用法：过去分词短语作后置定语 此处called 是call的过去分词，过去分词短语called Cindy 作后置定语，修饰前面的名词girl。 【趁热打铁】 ① 那个叫朱迪 (Judy) 的女孩是我的朋友。 _______________________ is my friend. ② 举一反三 A nurse ________ Carolyn will look after the baby when his mother ________ away. A. naming; is B. naming; will be C. named; is D. named; will be 11. difficulty 不可数名词，意为“困难；费劲” 常考词组：have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 【趁热打铁】 ① 我们解决这个问题有困难。 We __________________________________________________. ② —Mr Ling, I have some difficulty ________ the article. —Remember ________ it three or four times at least. A. to understand; reading B. understanding; reading C. understanding; to read D. to understand; to read 12. hurt 及物动词，意为“(使) 疼痛；受伤” 常考用法：过去式和过去分词均为 hurt 【趁热打铁】 ① 他打篮球时伤了左腿。 He _______________________________ while he was playing basketball. 13. continue 及物动词，意为“继续” 常考词组: continue to do sth./continue doing sth. 继续做某事(两者意思差别不大) 【趁热打铁】 ① 我们继续举行聚会。 We _____________________________ a party. 14. in order to 意为“目的在于；为了” 常考用法：后接动词原形 在句中通常做状语，表示目的，其位置在句首或句中均可 【趁热打铁】 ① 为了通过考试，他学习更加努力了。 _____________________________, he studied even harder. 15. ask sb. to do sth. 意为“要求某人做某事” 常考易错：ask sb. not to do sth. 要求某人不要做某事 否定形式只要加not, 不要加助动词 【趁热打铁】 ① 李老师要求我们去保护濒危动物。 Mr. Li _____________________________ animals in danger. ② 我妈妈不让我在公路上玩。 My mother ____________________________ on the road. 16. in need 意为“需要帮助的” 【趁热打铁】 ① 这个组织为有需要的人提供食物。 The organization provides food for ___________________. 17. would like 意为“想；想要” 常考用法：1) would like sth. 想要某物 2) would like to do sth. 想要做某事 3) would like sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 【趁热打铁】 ① 我想要点吃的东西。 _________________________________ to eat. ② — 你想和我们一起待在这儿吗？ — 是的，我想。 — ____________________________ with us? — Yes, I’d like to. ③ 我想让汤姆和我一起去做志愿者工作。 ______________________________________ voluntary work with me. ( 易混淆词语 Confusing Words Vocabulary ) 1. used to do & be used to doing used to do 过去经常，以前常常做 (现在不做了) be used to doing 习惯于做... 【趁热打铁】 ① 以前我们每年都去那儿。 We _______________________________ there every year. ② 他习惯于努力工作。 He _______________________________ hard. ③ Her father ________ a taxi driver. Now he works for a charity (慈善机构). A. used to be B. is used to being C. is 2. forget to do & forget doing forget to do 忘记去做某事 不定式表示动作还没发生 Forget doing 忘记做过某事 动名词表示动作已经发生过了 【趁热打铁】 ① 上周末我忘记了要告诉她这件事。 I _______________________________ about it last weekend. ② 上周末我忘记告诉过她这件事了。 I _______________________________ about it last weekend. 2. alone & lonely alone 形容词 作表语 单独的；独自的 侧重于客观上独自一人，强调形体上的单独 副词 作状语 单独；独自地 lonely 形容词 作表语或定语 孤独的；寂寞的 强调情感上的孤单，带有浓厚的感情色彩 【趁热打铁】 ① 他生活孤单，朋友很少。 He led a _______________ life with few friends.. ② 我独自行走在山里。 I was travelling _______________ in the mountain. ③ 虽孤身一人，但我并不感到寂寞。 I didn’t feel _______________ though I was _______________. ④ —I know Old Joe lives ________. —We are supposed to visit him from time to time. Then he won’t feel ________. A. alone; alone B. lonely; lonely C. lonely; alone D. alone; lonely 3. take part in & join & join in take part in 参加 会议或群众性活动，并起一定作用 join 某个组织，并成为其中一员 Join in 小规模的活动，尤指和其他人一起参加某项活动 【趁热打铁】 ① 上周五他们参加了比赛。 They _________________________ the game last Friday. ② 去年他入了党。 He ________________________ the Party last year. ③ 我们大家一起唱起了歌。 We all _________________________ the singing. 5. pay & spend & cost & take pay 花费钱 主语是人 sb. pay some money for sth. spend 花费时间/钱 主语是人 sb. spend some time/money on sth. sb. spend some time/money (in) doing sth. cost 花费钱 主语是物 sth. cost sb. some money take 花费时间 it作形式主语 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 【趁热打铁】 ① 我花了2000元买了一部智能手机。 I ___________________________ a smart phone. ② 她花了10元买了这本书。 She __________________________ on the book. ③ 他花了两个小时看电视。 He ___________________________ (in) watching TV. ④ 这件毛衣花了他100元。 The sweater ____________________ 100 yuan. ⑤ 她花了一个小时做家庭作业。 _______________________ to do her homework. ⑥ Before stamps, people didn’t ________ for the letters they sent, but for the letters they received. A. pay B. cost C. spend D. take ( 熟能生巧 Practice Makes Perfect Vocabulary ) 1、 用括号中所给的词的适当形式填空。 1. The old man fell off his bike and __________ (hurt) his knee (膝盖). 2. We saw a __________ (seriously) car accident yesterday. 3. I __________ (pay) thirty yuan for the book last week. 4. As time went on, our __________ (friend) grew deeper and deeper. 5. He has great __________ (difficult) learning English. 6. Yesterday, I made a friend __________ (call) Mike. 7. If you continue __________ (study) like this, I’m sure you’ll do better next time. 8. Mr. Li often teaches his Japanese friends __________ (cook) Chinese food. 9. Teenagers often have difficulty __________ (express) themselves. 10. Mary is __________ (organization) a party for the New Year. 11. They often help the __________(able) girl with her study because she lost her leg in a car accident. 2、 单项选择。 ( ) 1. “______” means the look on one’s face. A. Difference B. Expression C. Discussion ( ) 2. ______ is the quality of being brave when you are in danger, in pain or in a difficult situation. A. Energy B. Courage C. Experience ( ) 3. We must ______ to do our work; there is little time left. A. went B. continue C. finish D. stop ( ) 4. Mr. Black ______ his mother every Sunday. A. visits B. hurts C. has D. goes ( ) 5. In a way, money can bring us ______ and happiness. A. sadness B. luck C. joy D. unfortunate ( ) 6. They decided ______ the kids learn to read. A. to help B. to helping C. help D. helped ( ) 7. —We make a plan ______ shopping this afternoon. Would you like to go with us? —Yes, I’d love to. A. go B. went C. going D. to go ( ) 8. —Do you climb mountains every day?  —Yes, ______ a little exercise. I’m so out of shape. A. getting B. get C. got D. to get ( ) 9. When you leave, please turn off the lights ______ energy. A. save B. saving C. saved D. to save ( ) 10. In order ______ for the meeting, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning. A. not to be late B. not being late C. to be late D. being late 3、 根据提示将下列句子翻译成英文。 1. 为了筹钱，他每天都去市场卖蔬菜。(to raise money) _______________________________________________________________________ 2. 当我处于困境时，他经常帮助我。(give me a hand) _______________________________________________________________________ 3. 我叔叔主动提出教我下国际象棋。(offer to do sth.) _______________________________________________________________________ 4. 去年那位老太太患上了一种严重的疾病。(suffer from) _______________________________________________________________________ 5. 一个残疾人在深圳得到一份工作是有些困难的。(have...difficulty doing sth.) _______________________________________________________________________ 6. 和孩子们玩能给老年人带来快乐。(bring sb. joy) _______________________________________________________________________ ( 应试必杀技 Examination Skills ) 【完形填空】 People all over the world celebrate the new year. However, not all countries celebrate in the same way, and in some countries, the new year doesn’t begin on the 1. ________ date every year. In many countries, the new year begins on 1st January, but people start celebrating on 31st December, New Year’s Eve. In New York many people go to celebrate in Times Square. 2. ________ they’re waiting for the New Year, they listen to music, sing traditional songs and have fun. Just before 12 o’clock, everyone 3. __________ down from 10:10, 9, 8... As soon as it’s 12 o’clock, everyone shouts very 4. ________, “Happy New Year!” New Year’s Day is often a family day. Some families get together for a special meal. When the weather is fine, many families go out for a 5. ________. On New Year’s Day, many people make resolutions for the new year. They 6. ________ a list of things, such as “I will help out more with housework. I will work 7. ________ at school than others.” or “I won’t spend so much time playing video games.” When they have made 8. ________ list, they read it to their family or friends and promise to 9. ________ their resolutions. So it doesn’t matter how they celebrate, 10. ________ people in countries all over the world, it’s a time to say goodbye to the old year, and to welcome the new. ( ) 1. A. familiar B. same C. important D. normal ( ) 2. A. If B. Even though C. While D. Before ( ) 3. A. comes B. turn C. looks D. counts ( ) 4. A. loudly B. quietly C. sadly D. safely ( ) 5. A. walk B. secret C. job D. treatment ( ) 6. A. put on B. write down C. take away D. look after ( ) 7. A. quickly B. hard C. harder D. hardly ( ) 8. A. its B. his C. her D. their ( ) 9. A. follow B. make C. do D. give ( ) 10. A. by B. for C. with D. from 【阅读理解】 (A) Once when I was a teenager, my father and I were standing in line to buy tickets for the circus. Finally, there was only one family between the ticket office and us. This family made a big impression on me. There were eight children, all probably under the age of 12. You could tell they didn’t have a lot of money. Their clothes were not expensive, but they were clean. The children talked excitedly about the clowns. It was clearly a very important day out for them. The father and mother seemed happy as they could be. The tickets lady asked how many tickets the father wanted, he proudly answered, “Please let me buy eight children’s tickets and two adults’ tickets, so I can take my family to the circus.” The ticket lady told him the price. The man’s wife lowered her head. There was no longer a smile on the man’s face. He quietly asked, “How much did you say?” The ticket lady again told him the price. The man obviously didn’t have enough money. But how could he tell his kids the bad news? Seeing what was happening, my dad took a $20 note from his pocket and dropped in on the ground. (We were not rich ourselves at all!) He them tapped the man on the shoulder and said, “Excuse me, sir, you dropped this.” The man understood my father was helping him. He picked up the money, looked straight into my dad’s eyes, and in tears replied. “Thank you. This really means a lot to me and my family.” Although we did not go to the circus that night, we didn’t go without. ( ) 1. Why does the writer say “Their clothes were not expensive, but they were clean”? A. To show the children were well looked after. B. To show cheap clothes could be popular. C. To show how hard the mother worked. D. To show how rich the family were. ( ) 2. Why was the poor man unhappy after he spoke with the ticket lady? A. He had lost his money. B. His children were noisy. C. The tickets were sold out. D. The tickets were too expensive. ( ) 3. Who did the $ 20 note belong to? A. The poor man. B. The writer’s father. C. The poor man’s wife. D. The ticket lady. ( ) 4. Why was the poor man in tears at the end of the story? A. He found the money he lost. B. He wanted others to help him. C. He made his children unhappy. D. He was thankful for the kindness. ( ) 5. Which of the following statements is probably true according to the passage? A. The poor man’s family saw the circus that night. B. The two families became close friends. C. The writer’s father earned some money. D. The writer saw the circus that night. (B) One day a man saw an old lady standing by her expensive car, clearly in need of help. So he stopped his old truck and got out. Although he was smiling, the old lady was worried. Was he going to hurt her? He didn’t look safe. The man could see that she was frightened, so in his friendliest voice he said, “I’m here to help you, madam. Why don’t you wait in the car where it’s warm? By the way, my name is Bryan Anderson.” Bryan quickly fixed the car and the lady thanked him. Then she asked how much she should pay him. But Bryan wanted no money. He was just giving a hand to someone in trouble. This was normal for him. He said, “If you really want to repay me, next time you see someone in need, help them and think of me.” After saying goodbye, the lady continued down the road until she reached a small cafe where she decided to stop for something to eat. As the pretty waitress took her order, the lady noticed she was nearly eight months pregnant (怀孕). Although the waitress looked tired she was very kind. As the lady was going to pay the $ 10 bill she remembered Bryan’s words. She paid with a hundred-dollar bill. But when the waitress returned with the change the lady was gone. On the table she saw a small note. There were tears in her eyes when she read it: “Somebody once helped me the way I’m helping you. If you want to pay me back, continue being kind to others.” Under the note were nine more $ 100 bills. Was the old lady an angel? The waitress was so excited that she called her husband to tell him the news. “Bryan... Bryan Anderson my dear... You’re not going to believe what just happened...” ( ) 1. When the lady saw Bryan, she was worried because she thought ________. A. he may hurt her B. he wasn’t going to stop C. he couldn’t help her D. she didn’t have enough money ( ) 2. What can we learn about the old lady from the story? A. She was never kind to others. B. She was usually quite careless. C. She was probably very rich. D. She was not a very good driver. ( ) 3. The underlined expression “giving a hand to” is closest in meaning to “________”. A. questioning B. helping C. hurting D. calling ( ) 4. The underlined word “it” refers to “________”. A. the change B. the bill C. the note D. the order ( ) 5. Which of the following shows the relationship between the man, the lady and the waitress? ( 第 1 页 共 8 页 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$