内容正文:
重难点09 名词、冠词、代词
中考英语名词、冠词、代词考查情况及趋势分析
内容
考查情况
考查举例
考查趋势
名词
在单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解等题型中均有涉及。常考查名词的词义辨析、可数与不可数名词的用法、名词的所有格等。注重考查学生在语境中理解和运用名词的能力。
完形填空中常考查名词选项,需要学生根据上下文理解故事情节发展来选择合适的名词。如在描述人物情感变化等情境中,考查对相关名词的理解和运用。
更加注重在真实语境中考查名词的实际运用能力,避免单纯的词汇记忆考查。
可能会增加一些与时代热点、学生生活实际联系紧密的话题中的名词考查,引导学生关注生活、关注社会。
冠词
在单项选择等题型中出现。主要考查不定冠词 a/an 的用法区别、定冠词 the 的特定用法以及零冠词的情况。
类似 “___ Great Wall is one of the seven wonders in the world.” 这样的题目,考查定冠词 the 在专有名词前的用法。
考查会继续注重基础用法的考查,同时可能会结合一些具有文化内涵或时代特色的语境来考查冠词的运用,让学生在具体情境中判断冠词的使用是否正确。
代词
在单项选择、阅读理解等题型中有所体现。重点考查人称代词(主格、宾格)、物主代词(形容词性、名词性)、指示代词、不定代词等的用法。
单项选择中可能会出现 “—Is this ____ book? —No, it's not mine. It's hers.” 这样的题目,考查形容词性物主代词的用法。
考查会更加细致,注重代词在不同语境中的准确使用。可能会增加一些在复杂句子结构或长难句中代词的指代关系考查,以检验学生对句子的理解能力和代词的运用能力。
【情境解读】
【重难诠释】
中考英语名词、冠词、代词重难点分析
重难点
典例举例
名词
可数名词复数的不规则变化;
不可数名词的量化表达;
名词所有格的用法,包括’s 所有格和 of 所有格,以及双重所有格;
集合名词的用法,如 family, class, team 等在不同语境下的单复数判断
There are many ________ (child) playing in the park. 答案为 children。
I need ________ (a piece of /a) advice. 答案为 a piece of。
This is Tom and Jerry’s room. They live together.(表示两人共有)
These are Tom’s and Jerry’s rooms. They live separately.(表示各自拥有)
The class ________ (is /are) having a meeting.(如果强调班级整体,用 is;如果强调班级里的成员,用 are)
冠词
不定冠词 a/an 的用法区别(根据单词发音的第一个音素判断);
定冠词 the 的各种特定用法,如用于特指、世界上独一无二的事物、序数词和形容词最高级前、乐器前等;
零冠词的情况,如在专有名词、不可数名词表示泛指、复数名词表示一类人或事物等前面不用冠词
There is ________ “h” in the word “hour”. 答案为 an,因为 h 不发音,hour 以元音音素开头。
The sun is bigger than the moon.
He is the tallest in our class.
She plays the piano very well.
I like music.(music 为不可数名词,表泛指,不用冠词)
They are teachers.(复数名词 teachers 表示一类人,不用冠词)
代词
人称代词主格和宾格的正确使用;
物主代词(形容词性和名词性)的用法及区别;
指示代词 this, that, these, those 的用法;
不定代词的用法,如 some, any, many, much, few, little, a few, a little, both, all, neither, none, either 等的辨析和在语境中的准确运用;
关系代词 that, which, who, whom 等在定语从句中的用法
________ (I / Me) am a student. 答案为 I(主格作主语)。
This is ________ (my /mine) book. It’s ________ (my /mine). 答案依次为 my(形容词性物主代词修饰名词 book),mine(名词性物主代词作表语)。
This is a book and that is a pen.
There are some apples on the table. Would you like some?(表示请求或建议时,用 some 不用 any)
Both of my parents are teachers.(表示两者都)
All of the students are here.(表示三者或三者以上都)
I like the book that /which is very interesting.(关系代词 that /which 在定语从句中作主语,指代 book)
【易错专攻】
中考英语名词易错点及应对策略分析
易错点
典例举例
应对策略
可数名词与不可数名词的误用
误:I have many advices to give you.
正:I have much advice to give you.(advice 为不可数名词,不能用 many 修饰,要用 much)
误:He gave me a very good informations.
正:He gave me very good information.(information 是不可数名词,不能加 “s”,也不能用不定冠词 “a” 修饰)
牢记常见的不可数名词,如 advice, information, fun, progress 等。对于既可用作可数名词又可用作不可数名词的词,要根据语境判断其含义和用法,通过大量练习强化记忆。
名词的单复数形式不规则
child 的复数是 children,man 的复数是 men,woman 的复数是 women,foot 的复数是 feet,tooth 的复数是 teeth 等。
以 -f 或 -fe 结尾的名词,复数形式要把 -f 或 -fe 变为 -ves,如 knife - knives,leaf - leaves 等。
以 o 结尾的名词,复数形式有的加 -s,有的加 -es,有生命的加 -es,无生命的加 -s,如 tomato - tomatoes,photo - photos
背诵不规则变化的名词复数形式,可通过一些口诀帮助记忆,如 “妻子拿刀宰狼,小偷见了直发慌,躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光” 来记忆以 -f 或 -fe 结尾的名词复数变化。对于以 o 结尾的名词,牢记特殊变化的单词。
名词所有格的错误使用
表示有生命的东西的名词所有格一般在词尾加 “’s”,但复数名词以 -s 结尾时,只加 ’,如 Teachers’ Day;
表示无生命的东西的名词所有格通常用 “of + 名词” 结构;
当表示两者或多者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加 “’s”,表示各自拥有时,每个名词后都要加 “’s”。例如,Lily and Lucy’s room(两人共有),Lily’s and Lucy’s rooms(两人各自拥有)
明确名词所有格的构成规则和不同用法,通过具体例子理解和区分不同情况,多进行相关练习,强化对名词所有格的正确使用。
不可数名词具体化的特殊情形理解困难
rain(雨) - a heavy rain(一场大雨);coffee(咖啡) - two coffees(两杯咖啡);success(成功) - a great success(一件非常成功的事或一个极为成功的人)
了解物质名词和抽象名词在什么情况下可以具体化,多积累常见的不可数名词具体化的例子,结合语境理解其含义和用法。
单复数同形的名词作定语误用
像 sheep(绵羊)、deer(鹿)、fish(鱼,强调条数时单复数同形)等单复数同形的名词作定语时,形式不变,如 a sheep farm(一个养羊场)、two deer parks(两个鹿园)
记住常见的单复数同形的名词,在作定语时注意其形式不变,通过练习加深印象。
中考英语冠词易错点及应对策略分析
易错点
典例举例
应对策略
不定冠词 a/an 误用
误:He is a university student. (应改为 an university student,因为 university 以元音音素开头)
误:There is an useful book on the desk. (应改为 a useful book,因为 useful 以辅音音素开头)
牢记 a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an 用于元音音素开头的单词前。可通过练习判断单词的发音,强化记忆。
序数词前冠词使用错误
误:I have read the two books. Now I want to read a third one. (表示 “再一,又一” 用不定冠词,应改为 a third one)
误:The first time I saw him, I knew he was a clever boy. (表示顺序用定冠词,应改为 The first time)
明确强调顺序时用定冠词 the,不强调顺序表示 “又,还,再” 时用不定冠词 a/an。通过具体例句理解两种用法的区别,多做相关练习。
抽象名词和物质名词前冠词使用不当
误:I have a great fun today. (fun 为不可数名词,表泛指,不用冠词,应去掉 a)
误:The water in the bottle is very clean. (特指瓶中的水用 the 正确,但如果说 “水是生命之源”,Water is the source of life. 这里的 water 是泛指,不用 the)
误:It's a great success. (success 抽象名词具体化,表示 “一件成功的事”,可数,用 a 正确,但如果说 “Success is the mother of failure.”,这里的 success 是抽象概念,不用冠词)
了解抽象名词和物质名词在什么情况下用冠词,什么情况下不用冠词。特指时用定冠词,具体化表示 “…… 的人或事” 时用不定冠词,泛指时一般不用冠词。积累常见的抽象名词和物质名词的用法例句。
固定搭配中冠词的误用
误:I go to school by the bike. (“by + 交通工具” 中间不用冠词,应去掉 the)
误:We have a lunch at school. (表示一日三餐的名词前一般不用冠词,应去掉 a)
误:He is in the hospital. (表示 “生病住院” 用 in hospital,“在医院里(工作等)” 用 in the hospital,这里如果是说生病住院,应去掉 the)
牢记常见的固定搭配中冠词的用法,如 “go to school”“in hospital”“by bus” 等。通过背诵短语和例句来强化记忆,多进行相关的练习和语境理解。
复数姓氏前定冠词的漏用
误:Green family are very kind. (表示 “格林一家人” 用 the Greens,应在 Green 前加 the)
记住定冠词用于复数姓氏前表示一家人或夫妇二人,通过例句 “The Smiths have a big house.” 等加深印象,避免遗漏 the。
中考英语代词易错点及应对策略分析
易错点
典例举例
应对策略
主格与宾格的误用
误:Let I help you.(应改为 Let me help you.,let 是动词,后面用人称代词宾格)
误:He is taller than me am.(应改为 He is taller than I am.,than 后接从句时,从句主语用主格)
牢记主格作主语,宾格作宾语(动词或介词后)。通过大量例句和练习强化记忆,如 “He gave the book to her.”“She is as smart as he (is).” 等。
人称代词排列顺序错误
误:I, you and he are good friends.(应改为 You, he and I are good friends.,单数人称代词按 “二三一” 排列)
误:They, we and you should work together.(应改为 We, you and they should work together.,复数人称代词按 “一二三” 排列)
记住人称代词的排列顺序规则,在具体语境中正确使用。可以通过一些口诀帮助记忆,如 “单数二三一,复数一二三,承担责任我在前”。
物主代词的误用
误:I have a book. The book is my.(应改为 I have a book. The book is mine.,此处需要用名词性物主代词)
误:He is a friend of me.(应改为 He is a friend of mine.,“a friend of + 名词性物主代词” 表示双重所有格)
误:I go to school by my bike.(应改为 I go to school by bike.,“by + 交通工具” 中间不用物主代词)
明确形容词性物主代词后需接名词,名词性物主代词可单独使用,相当于 “形容词性物主代词 + 名词”。熟悉常见的固定搭配中物主代词的用法,多做相关练习巩固。
反身代词的误用
误:The boy enjoyed him at the party.(应改为 The boy enjoyed himself at the party.,“enjoy oneself” 表示 “玩得开心”)
误:I taught me English.(应改为 I taught myself English.,“teach oneself” 表示 “自学”)
误:Boys and girls, help you to some fruits.(应改为 Boys and girls, help yourselves to some fruits.,“help oneself to sth.” 表示 “随便吃 / 用某物”,此处 boys and girls 是复数,用 yourselves)
牢记反身代词的常见固定搭配及用法,注意反身代词与所指代的名词或代词在人称、性别和数上保持一致。通过背诵固定短语和例句来加深记忆,如 “dress oneself”“hurt oneself” 等。
不定代词的误用
误:There is wrong something with my bike.(应改为 There is something wrong with my bike.,形容词修饰不定代词要后置)
误:I have two pens. One is red, another is blue.(应改为 I have two pens. One is red, the other is blue.,表示两者中的另一个用 the other)
误:Any student can answer this question.(用于肯定句表示 “任何一个” 时,常用 every,应改为 Every student can answer this question.)
掌握不定代词的基本用法和区别,如 some 与 any 的用法区别,one, the other 与 one, another 的区别等。通过大量练习,熟悉不同不定代词在具体语境中的用法。
指示代词的误用
误:This is my book. That is your.(应改为 This is my book. That is yours.,此处要用名词性物主代词 yours)
误:—Who is that? —This is Tom speaking.(打电话时,用 this 指自己,用 that 指对方,应改为 —Who is that? —It is Tom speaking.,或者 —Who is that? —This is Tom.)
明确指示代词的用法,特别是在打电话、指代上下文中事物等特殊语境中的用法。通过例句和实际场景模拟来加深理解,如 “This is a beautiful flower. That one is even more beautiful.”“These are my friends and those are theirs.” 等。
(建议用时:40分钟)
单项选择
1.It’s ________ to play ________ Chinese chess with them.
A.pleasure; / B.pleased; the C.a pleasure; / D.pleasant; the
【答案】C
【解析】句意:和他们下象棋是一件令人开心的事。
考查词义辨析和冠词。pleasure令人高兴的事,可数名词;pleased高兴的,修饰人;pleasant令人愉快的,修饰物;/零冠词;the定冠词。根据“It’s...to play...Chinese chess with them.”可知,此处可能是“It’s a pleasure to do sth.或者It’s pleasant to do sth.,故排除A和B;根据“play...Chinese chess”可知,play后面直接加棋类,不需要加定冠词。故选C。
2.Sandy has ________ bedroom. She has many clothes ________ in it.
A.of her own; of her own B.her own; of her own
C.her own; her own D.of her own; her own
【答案】B
【解析】句意:桑迪有她自己的卧室。她有很多自己的衣服在里面。
考查所有格。one’s own某人自己的,是固定短语。第一空表示“桑迪自己的卧室”,应用her own;第二空位于名词clothes之后,需用介词of,表示“她有很多属于自己的衣服”。故选B。
3.— Whose fishing rods are these?
— They are my ________. They like to go fishing.
A.parent’s B.parents’ C.parents D.parent
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——这些是谁的鱼竿?——它们是我父母的。他们喜欢钓鱼。
考查名词所有格。根据“They like to go fishing”并结合备选项可知鱼竿应是说话者的父母的,应用复数名词的所有格形式,以-s结尾的名词复数所有格,直接加’,故选B。
4.There are fifty in our school.
A.women teachers B.woman teachers
C.woman teacher D.women teacher
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我们学校有五十名女教师。
考查名词复数。根据空前的fifty可知,此处应用复数形式,woman teacher意为“女老师”,其复数形式是women teachers,故选A。
5.—Are ________ Jerry’s ________?
—No, they’re Tom’s.
A.this; photo B.that; photos C.these; photos D.those; photo
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——这些是杰瑞的照片吗?——不是,它们是汤姆的照片。
考查代词辨析和名词单复数。this这个,单数;that那个,单数;these这些,复数;those那些,复数;photo照片,单数;photos照片,复数。根据回答句“No, they’re Tom’s.”可知名词用复数,排除A/D选项;根据“they”可知,提问这些照片,排除B选项。故选C。
6.The machine in the corner is making a lot of ________.
A.noise B.noisy C.noisily D.noises
【答案】A
【解析】句意:角落里的机器发出很大的噪音。
考查词性辨析。noise噪音(名词);noisy吵闹的(形容词);noisily吵闹地(副词);noises各种不同的声音/干扰(名词复数)。分析句子,根据空前“a lot of”,可知空处应填名词;当名词noise意为“噪音、噪声”时,为不可数名词。故选A。
7.In our school, there are many ________ and the ________ like them.
A.men teachers; boys students B.man teachers; boy students
C.men teachers; boy students D.man teachers; boys students
【答案】C
【解析】句意:在我们学校,有很多男老师和男生喜欢他们。
考查复合名词复数形式。名词作定语用原形,但是man/woman作定语后面名词还表示复数时,也要将其改为复数形式,故选C。
8.—This is one of the worst _________ I have ever watched.
— I can’t agree with you any more. It isn’t ________ the others.
A.advertisement; as creative as B.advertisements; as much creative as
C.advertisements; so creative as D.advertisements; as creatively as
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——这是我看过的最糟糕的广告之一。——我再同意不过了。它不像其他的那么有创造力。
考查复数名词的用法以及形容词原级。one of the+最高级+复数名词,表示“最……之一”,所以第一空填复数名词。not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as,表示“不如……”,isn’t后接形容词,creative是形容词,故选C。
9.Are there ________ students in the classroom?
A.some girl B.any girl C.some girls D.any girls
【答案】B
【解析】句意:教室里有女学生吗?
考查不定代词和复合名词的复数形式。some和any既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词,some常用在肯定句中,而any则常用在否定和疑问句中。女学生girl student为复合名词,一般情况下是在后面那个名词加复数,其复数形式是girl students。故选B。
10.Quyuan’s job was ________ to the king.
A.give advice B.give an advice C.to give advice D.to give advices
【答案】C
【解析】句意:屈原的工作是给楚王出谋划策。
考查非谓语及名词。空处作表语,应用不定时形式,advice“建议”,是不可数名词,此处应用原形,不可加s,故选C。
11.Though Jack is in poor health, his work is better than ________.
A.anyone B.anyone’s else C.anyone else’s D.anyone’s else’s
【答案】C
【解析】句意:虽然杰克身体不好,但他的工作比其他任何人的工作都好。
考查所有格形式。anyone任何人,复合不定代词;else别的,形容词。当形容词修饰复合不定代词时,形容词要放在复合不定代词后。anyone else意为“其他任何人”。根据句意和分析句子结构可知,此处表达的意思是“他的工作比其他任何人的工作都好”;在此句中,空后省略了不可数名词work,所以空处应用anyone else的所有格形式为anyone else’s,作为定语来修饰名词work。故选C。
12.—Are you sure this is a photo ________, the famous comedy actress (喜剧演员)?
—Yes. But she was once (曾经) really thin.
A.Jia Ling B.Jia Ling’s C.of Jia Ling D.of Jia Ling’s
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你确定这是著名喜剧演员贾玲的照片吗?——是的。但她曾经很瘦。
考查所有格形式。a photo of Jia Ling和a photo of Jia Ling’s都表示“贾玲的照片”,但是前者表示照片上的人是贾玲本人,而后者表示照片属于贾玲,但是照片上的人不一定是贾玲本人。结合句意可知照片上的人就是贾玲。故选C。
13.Will you take part in the ________ long jump tomorrow afternoon?
A.girl B.girl’s C.girls’ D.girls
【答案】C
【解析】句意:明天下午你要参加女子跳远吗?
考查所有格用法。girl女孩;girl’s女孩的;girls’女孩们的;girls女孩们。在表示男子、女子比赛项目时,常用名词复数的所有格,即“女孩们的”。故选C。
14.—Mum, you look so tired. What’s wrong?
—I did ________ housework this morning. Maybe I need a rest now.
A.three hour’s B.three hours of C.three-hour of D.three-hours’
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——妈妈,你看起来很累。怎么了? ——今天早上我做了三个小时的家务。也许我现在需要休息一下。
考查时间的特殊表达。这里是时间作定语,表示“三个小时的作业”,应使用three hours of或者three hours’。故选B。
15.—________ is it from your home to school?
—It is about 20 ________ bike ride.
A.How long; minute B.How far; minutes
C.How far; minutes’ D.How long; minutes’
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——从你家到学校有多远?——骑自行车要20分钟。
考查特殊疑问句和名词所有格。How long多久,对一段时间或长度提问;How far多远,对距离提问;minute分钟;minutes minute的复数形式;minutes’ 分钟的(名词所有格)。根据“bike ride”,可知问句是对“距离”进行提问,疑问词用How far;修饰名词短语bike ride,用名词所有格minutes’。故选C。
16.The Chinese volleyball team _______ at the World Championship in 1981.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
【答案】B
【解析】句意:中国排球队参加了1981年的世界锦标赛。
A. is是,主语为单数,一般现在时;B. was是,主语为单数,一般过去时;C. are是,主语为复数,一般现在时;D. were是,主语为复数,一般过去时。根据in 1981,用一般过去时,再由The Chinese volleyball team,团队为冠军,故选B。
17.Millions of tourists go to Tian’anmen Square to see soldiers ________ the Chinese national flag ________ National Day.
A.rise; at B.raise; on
C.raise; on the D.rising; at the
【答案】B
【解析】句意:国庆节成千上万的游客去天安门广场观看升旗仪式。
考查动词辨析。rise上升,不及物动词;raise举起,及物动词;on在具体某一天;at在某一时刻。第一个空后有名词,因此用及物动词raise;根据“National Day”可知在具体某一天用介词on,National Day为专有名词,前面没有the。故选B。
18.Who finds the treasure chocolate?
A.Miss Underwood. B.Otto and Jo.
C.Josh and Charlie. D.The head teacher.
【答案】B
【解析】句意:谁发现了宝藏巧克力?
考查人名。Miss Underwood.安德伍德小姐;Otto and Jo.奥拓和乔;Josh and Charlie.乔什和查理;The head teacher.校长。根据“ ‘Delicious! It’s chocolate coins!’ Jo and Otto cheered happily.”可知,奥拓和乔找到了宝藏巧克力。故选B。
19.The bookshop is in _______ Street. He often goes there to buy books.
A.fifth B.the fifith C.Fifth D.the Fifth
【答案】C
【解析】句意:书店在第五大街。他经常去那里买书。Fifth Street第五大街,由“序数词+普通名词”构成用来表示街道的名称或道路的名称时,前面不用定冠词,答案为C。
20.—My uncle died ________ a car accident last week.
—I feel sorry for his ________.
A.of; death B.from; dead C.of; dead D.from; death
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——我叔叔上周死于车祸。——我为他的死感到难过。
考查介词、形容词和名词辨析。of属于……的,介词;from来自,介词;death死亡,名词;dead死的,形容词。die of和die from都表示“因……而死”,前者表示由于疾病和情感等(内在)原因造成的死亡,后者表示除疾病和情感之外的(外在)原因造成的死亡,根据第一空后的“a car accident”可知,死者死于外在原因,所以第一空应填介词from;第二空前的his是形容词性物主代词,其后修饰名词,所以第二空应填名词death。故选D。
21.—Do not give up! If you keep trying, you will be successful.
—________. I’ll have ________ second try anyway.
A.I will; a B.I won’t; a C.I will; the D.I won’t; the
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——不要放弃!如果你一直尝试,你会成功的。——我不会放弃的。无论如何我会再试一次。
考查不定冠词及情景交际。不定冠词“a”用在序数词前表示“又,再”,“a second try”表示“再试一次”,因此第二空应用“a”,排除选项C和D;根据“I’ll have…second try anyway.”可知第一空表示不会放弃,应用否定形式“I won’t”。故选B。
22.Wu Daguan, Father of China’s Aeroengines, is from Yangzhou, ________beautiful city ________the west of China.
A.the; in B.a; in C.the; to D.a; to
【答案】B
【解析】句意:中国“航空发动机之父”吴大观来自扬州,中国西部一座美丽的城市。
考查冠词和介词辨析。a一个,不定冠词,表示泛指;the定冠词,表特指;in在某一范围之内;to在某一范围之外,不接壤。这里“a beautiful city”是对扬州的泛指,意为“一座美丽的城市”,用a;扬州在中国范围内,所以用“in the west of China”表示“在中国西部”。故选B。
23.I have ________ eraser, two pencils, two pens and a ruler in my pencil case.
A.a B.an C.two D./
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我的铅笔盒里有一块橡皮、两支铅笔、两支钢笔和一把尺子。
考查冠词的用法。a一个,不定冠词,表泛指,后跟以辅音音素开头的词;an一个,不定冠词,表泛指,后跟以元音音素开头的词;two二;/零冠词,不用冠词。根据“have…eraser”可知,此处指有一块橡皮,空格后“eraser”是以元音音素开头的词,所以此处应该填入an,泛指一块橡皮。故选B。
24.—What do you think of ________ panda reserve you visited last weekend?
—It’s great. It is ________ ideal home to wild animals.
A.the; a B.the; an C.a; an D.an; an
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你觉得你上个周末参观的大熊猫保护区怎么样?——太棒了。它是野生动物的一个理想家园。
考查冠词。定冠词the表特指,不定冠词a/an表泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前,an用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前。第一空,根据句意可知,此处特指上个周末参观的那个大熊猫保护区,应该用定冠词the。第二空,home是单数可数名词,此处表泛指,且ideal是元音音素开头的单词,所以应该用不定冠词an修饰。故选B。
25.Huai’an is a beautiful place and _________ place is worth _________ visit.
A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.the; a
【答案】D
【解析】句意:淮安是一个漂亮的地方,并且是一个值得参观的地方。
考查冠词的用法。第一空特指前面提到的那个地方,用定冠词the,排除A、B两项;be worth a visit值得参观,固定表达,故选D。
26._________ prize for the winner of the competition is a two-week holiday in Paris, _________ European city with many great attractions.
A.A; a B.The; a C.A; an D.The; an
【答案】B
【解析】句意:比赛获胜者的奖品是在巴黎度假两周,巴黎是一个拥有许多名胜的欧洲城市。
考查冠词的用法。第一空后prize被for the winner of the competition所修饰,是特指,所以用定冠词the。第二空泛指一个欧洲的城市,European以辅音音素开头,所以用不定冠词a。故选B。
27.— Some students are coughing badly!
—Yes. It’s ________ pity that we have ________ unusual time because of flu (流感).
A.a; an B./; an C.a; a D./; a
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——一些学生咳得很严重!——是的。很遗憾因为流感我们经历着一段不同寻常的时间。
考查冠词。“pity”是以辅音音素开头的可数名词,且此处为泛指,所以,第一空需填入a;根据“It’s...pity that we have...unusual time because of flu (流感).”可知,此处“time”应理解为可数名词,翻译为“一段时间”,又因“unusual”为元音音素开头的单词,且此处为泛指,所以,第二空需填入an。故选A。
28.There are sixty minutes in ________ hour.
A.the B.an C.a D./
【答案】B
【解析】句意:一小时有六十分钟。
考查冠词辨析。the定冠词,常用来表特指;a不定冠词泛指“一个, 一次”等,用于以辅音音素开头的单词或字母前;不定冠词an用于以元音音素开头的单词或字母前。题中表泛指,hour发音以元音音素开头,其前用不定冠词an。故选B。
29.Jenny had ________ interview for a job, so she didn’t go to ________ new shopping mall with her parents.
A.the; a B.a; the C.an; the D.an; a
【答案】C
【解析】句意:珍妮有一个工作面试,所以她没有和父母一起去新开的购物中心。
考查冠词的用法。第一个空表示“有一个工作面试”,此处是泛指,interview表示“面试”,是可数名词,元音音素开头,故用an修饰;第二个空表示“去新开的购物中心”,此处表示特指,用定冠词the修饰。故选C。
30.We can never imagine living ________ life without trying to protect the world we live in.
A.a better B.the better C.a worse D.the worst
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我们不能想象不去保护我们居住的世界,却能过一个更好的生活。
考查冠词辨析和形容词辨析。a一个,表示泛指;the这个,表示特指;better更好的;worse更差的。空格处泛指一个更好的生活,用不定冠词a;句意表示在没有保护我们的世界前提下却能过更好的生活,这是无法想象的,用good比较级better。故选A。
31._______ second Sunday in May is Mother’s Day. It’s _______ special day for children to show their love to their mothers.
A.A; the B.The; a C./; a D./; the
【答案】B
【解析】句意:五月份的第二个星期天是母亲节,对于孩子们而言,那是一个向母亲表达爱意的特殊日子。
考查冠词。a一(用于以辅音音素发音开头的单词前,表泛指);the这个(表特指);/不填。根据“...second Sunday in May is Mother’s Day.”,可知此处“...second Sunday in May”特指五月份的第二个星期天,此空应是定冠词the;“...special day”则是泛指一个特殊的日子,此空应是不定冠词a。故选B。
32.It’s very comfortable to take ________ high speed railway called “ Fuxing Hao”, though it moves at ________ high speed.
A.an; / B.the; / C./; the D.the; the
【答案】B
【解析】句意:乘坐名为“复兴号”的高速铁路非常舒适,尽管它的速度很高。
考查冠词。定冠词the常用来表特指;不定冠词泛指“一个”,不定冠词a用于以辅音音素开头的单词或字母前,不定冠词an用于以元音音素开头的单词或字母前。题中第一空特指“复兴号”,用the;第二空是指at high speed意为“高速”,不加冠词。故选B。
33.Nanjing, ________ capital of Jiangsu Province, is ________ old city with many modern buildings.
A.a; an B.the; an C.a; a D.a; the
【答案】B
【解析】句意:南京,江苏省的省会,是一个古老的城市,有许多现代建筑。
考查冠词,a/an一,不定冠词,表示泛指或数量单一,修饰单数名词,an接元音音素开头的单词;the定冠词,表特指。capital后面是 of Jiangsu Province,可知应该是表特指用the;city是单数名词,泛指“一座古老的城市”,old是元音音素开头,可知应该用an,故选B。
34.— How time flies! The work is coming to ________ end. I can go home soon.
— Yes, but I need to stay here till ________ end of next month.
A.the; an B.an; the C.an; an D.the; the
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——时间过得多快!工作就要结束了。 我很快就可以回家了。——是的,但是我需要在这里待到下个月底。
考查冠词辨析。第一空表示“快要结束了”,英文表达为come to an end。第二空表示“在……的最后”,英文表达为the end of,故选B。
35.________ Alps are in Switzerland, ________ European country.
A.The...a B.The...an C./...a D./...an
【答案】A
【解析】句意:阿尔卑斯山位于瑞士,一个欧洲国家。
考查冠词。根据“Alps”可知第一空特指阿尔卑斯山,用定冠词the;再由“... European country”可知第二空泛指一个欧洲国家,European以辅音音素开头,其前用不定冠词a。故选A。
36.______ exit of the exhibition center is over there.
A.A B.An C.The D./
【答案】C
【解析】句意:展览中心的出口在那边。
考查冠词。A一个,泛指,用于辅音音素开头的词前;An一个,泛指,用于元音音素开头的词前;The这个,那个,特指;/零冠词,泛指。由语境可知,此处特指“展览中心的出口”,用the。故选C。
37.— When do you have ________ history?
— It’s on ________ Friday morning.
A.a; / B.a; the C./ ; the D./ ; /
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——你什么时候上历史课?——周五上午。
考查零冠词的用法。have history“上历史课”,学科前不加冠词,而Friday“周五”为专有名词,其前不用冠词,故选D。
38.Peter is so able that all of us make him ________ monitor.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】D
【解析】句意:彼得很能干,我们都选他当班长。
考查冠词。根据“Peter is so able that all of us make him ... monitor.”可知,我们让他当班长,空后monitor是职位,在英文中表示头衔、职务、职称前用零冠词。故选D。
39.None of them have ________ pity on the poor. What ________ shame it is!
A./, a B.a, a C.a, / D.a, an
【答案】A
【解析】句意:他们谁也不同情穷人。真可惜!
考查冠词。have pity on“怜悯,同情”,固定搭配;shame是可数名词,What a shame“多可惜,真丢脸”,是常用语。故选A。
40.Today many tools are made of ________ plastic. ________ plastic tools are very useful.
A.a; The B.\; A C.the; An D.\; \
【答案】D
【解析】句意:今天,许多工具是由塑料制成的。塑料工具非常有用。
考查冠词的用法。a不定冠词,表泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词或字母前;an不定冠词,表泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词或字母前;the定冠词,表特指。“plastic”为不可数名词,第一空用零冠词;“plastic tools”为可数名词复数,第二空用零冠词。故选D。
41.Biden, ________ president of the USA, will visit Britain ________second time next month.
A.the; the B.the; a C./; a D./; the
【答案】C
【解析】句意:美国总统拜登将于下月再次访问英国。
考查冠词词义辨析。the定冠词,表示“特指”;a是不定冠词,常表示“泛指”。第一空根据空后“president of the USA”可知,此时“president of the USA”作Biden的同位语,表示的 是“官衔,职位”,即拜登是美国总统这个职位,因此前面不加冠词;第二空用不定冠词a,加序数词表示 “又一次,再一次”。故选C。
42.To his parents’ joy, Peter has made ________ rapid progress in maths with ________ help of his teacher.
A.不填; the B.不填; 不填 C.a; the D.as; 不填
【答案】A
【解析】句意:令他父母高兴的是,彼得在老师的帮助下数学进步很快。
考查冠词的用法。make progress“取得进步”,progress是不可数名词,其前不加任何冠词;with the help of…“在……的帮助下”,固定短语。故选A。
43.Her mother is busy ________ in the kitchen.
A.to cook dinner B.cooking dinner C.cooking the dinner D.to cook the dinner
【答案】B
【解析】句意:她妈妈在厨房忙着做晚饭。
考查非谓语动词和冠词用法。be busy doing sth.忙于做某事;三餐类名词前用零冠词,cook dinner做完饭。故选B。
44.My brother can play ________ chess while I can play ________ guitar.
A.the; the B.the; / C./; / D./; the
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我哥哥会下棋,而我会弹吉他。
考查冠词。the表示特指;the可以用在乐器名称前;在球类、棋类名词前不用冠词。chess 意为“象棋”,前面不用冠词,排除A/B;guitar意为“吉他”,其前用定冠词the。故选D。
45.Jack as well as his classmates ________ basketball happily at the moment.
A.are playing B.play C.is playing the D.is playing
【答案】D
【解析】句意:此刻,杰克和他的同学们都在开心地打篮球。
考查动词时态。 由时间状语“at the moment”可知,句子时态为现在进行时;as well as连接主语时,谓语动词采用就远原则,即根据前面的主语来确定。主语Jack是第三人称单数,be动词用is;球类运动前不用冠词,play basketball打篮球,固定短语。故选D。
46.I hope ________ in the next World Cup.
A.her to play B.she to play C.her will play D.she will play
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我希望她能参加下一届世界杯。
考查宾语从句。“I hope”后接to do作宾语或者宾语从句,没有hope sb to do的用法;接宾语从句时,人称代词的主格she作从句主语,根据“in the next World Cup”可知,从句的时态为一般将来时。故选D。
47.This pair of shoes ________ so nice. I’ll take ________.
A.is; it B.is; them C.are; it D.are; them
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这双鞋真好看。我将买它们。
考查主谓一致和代词。第一个空,pair of和名词连用作主语时,谓语动词的形式由pair来决定,这里的pair是单数,强调的是“这双”,be动词用is;第二个空,强调的是“鞋”,所以指代前面的shoes复数,应用them。故选B。
48.—Are Frank and Gina classmates?
—Yes, and ________ English teacher is Mr. Brown.
A.they B.their C.them D.his
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——弗兰克和吉娜是同学吗?——是的,他们的英语老师是布朗先生。
考查代词辨析。they他们,人称代词主格;their他们的,形容词性物主代词;them他们,人称代词宾格;his他的,形容词性物主代词/名词性物主动词。根据“Yes”可知是Frank和Gina的老师,此处修饰名词teacher,应使用形容词性物主代词their。故选B。
49.—My parents are already in their sixties.
—________.
A.So am mine B.So are mine C.So have mine D.So are they
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——我的父母已经六十多岁了。——我的父母也是。
考查倒装句。So am mine我的父母也是,主谓不一致;So are mine我的父母也是;So have mine我的父母也是,应用完成时;So are they他们也是。根据语境可知,此处表示前句叙述的情况也同样适合后句,应用倒装句,其结构为“So+谓语+主语”。结合“my parents”可知,此处应用mine代替说话者的父母。又根据主谓一致原则,be动词应用are。故选B。
50.Children can usually dress ________ by the age of five.
A.themselves B.them C.selves D.ones
【答案】A
【解析】句意:孩子们通常到五岁就能自己穿衣服了。
考查代词辨析。themselves他们自己;them他们;selves自我;ones通常指代一群人/事物。短语dress oneself意为“自己穿衣服”。因为主语Children是复数形式,所以空格处应填themselves。故选A。
51.To keep warm, Nancy held ________ as tight as possible against the cold wind.
A.she B.her C.hers D.herself
【答案】D
【解析】句意:为了保暖,南希尽量把自己紧紧地裹着对抗着寒风。
考查代词。she她(主格);her她(宾格)她的(形容词性物主代词);hers她的(名词性物主代词);herself她自己(反身代词)。“held”是hold“拿,抱”的过去式,此句表达是“为了保暖,南希尽量把自己紧紧地裹着对抗着寒风”,故填反身代词herself“她自己”。故选D。
52.Although (尽管) there are ________ apples on this tree than on that tree, the apples on this tree are bigger than ________ on that tree.
A.fewer; / B.fewer; those C.less;/ D.less; those
【答案】B
【解析】句意:虽然这棵树上的苹果比那棵树上的少,但这棵树上的苹果比那棵树上的大。
考查形容词辨析和指示代词。fewer更少,修饰复数名词;less更少,修饰不可数名词;第一空“apples”为复数名词,用fewer修饰;第二空是将这棵树上的苹果和那棵树上的苹果作比较,应用those,意为“那些”,指代前文提到的apples。故选B。
53.At the party, Lucy wore a dress which was far more attractive than ________.
A.that of other girl B.that of other girls
C.the other girls D.those of other girls
【答案】D
【解析】句意:在晚会上,露西穿了一件比其他女孩子漂亮得多的衣服。
考查代词和比较级的用法。句子的比较主体是“dress”,选项C与句子的比较主体不一致,C指的是“女孩”,排除C;other后一般用可数名词的复数,排除A;根据题干可知,句子是比较其他女孩穿的那些裙子,应用复数“those”来指代,所以选项B错误,故选D。
54.—Mom, where is the salad cream? I want to make a fruit salad.
—________ is left. We need to buy some.
A.Something B.Nothing C.Anything D.None
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——妈妈,沙拉奶油在哪里?我想做水果沙拉。——一点都不剩。我们需要买一些。
考查代词辨析。Something某物;Nothing没有什么(表示完全没有或空无一物的情况);Anything任何事物;None没有一个(表示数量上的“一个也没有”)。分析题干可知,此处表示一点沙拉奶油都没有了,强调数量上“一点也没有”。故选D。
55.Mrs Wang bought ________ fish and fruit from the market.
A.many B.a few C.some D.a little
【答案】C
【解析】句意:王太太从市场买了一些鱼和水果。
考查代词辨析。many许多,修饰可数名词;a few一些,修饰可数名词;some一些,既可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词;a little一点,修饰不可数名词。空格后“fish and fruit”,fish表示“鱼”,是可数名词,fruit是不可数名词,只有some可以既可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词,故选C。
56.—You went to Shanghai last week. I wonder ________ you went there with.
—Oh, some of my pen friends.
A.whom B.which C.what D.whose
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——你上周去了上海。我想知道你和谁一起去的。——哦,我的一些笔友。
考查宾语从句引导词,whom谁,作宾语;which哪一个,作主语或宾语;what哪一个,作主语、宾语或表语;whose谁的,作定语。根据“I wonder … you went there with.”,可知在宾语从句中作宾语,with sb“和某人”,故选A。
57.Linda is my good friend. We always help ________.
A.other B.another C.each other D.the others
【答案】C
【解析】句意:琳达是我的好朋友。我们总是互相帮助。
考查代词辨析。other其他的;another泛指的另一个;each other彼此;the others剩余的人或物。根据“Linda is my good friend.”可知总是彼此帮助。故选C。
58.They met ________ and wrote down ________ exact address.
A.each other; each other B.each other's; each other
C.each other's; each other's D.each other; each other's
【答案】D
【解析】句意:他们遇到了彼此,写下了彼此确切的地址。
each other彼此;each other’s彼此的。分析句意,第一个空表示“彼此”。用each other。第二个空表示“彼此的”用所有格形式,表示后面的exact address隶属于他们。所以第二个空填each other's。故选D。
59.It is so careless of him ________ his homework at home again.
A.leave B.to leave C.forget D.to forget
【答案】B
【解析】句意:他又把作业忘在家里了,真是太粗心了。
考查动词辨析和it固定句型。leave遗忘,动词原形;to leave遗忘,动词不定式;forget忘记,动词原形;to forget忘记,动词不定式。It is adj of sb to do意为“某人做某事是怎样的”,to do作真正的主语,故排除A和C;根据“...his homework at home”可知,此处表示把作业忘在家里,leave sth+介词短语,意为“把某物遗忘在某处”。故选B。
60.The teacher made __________ easier to work out that problem in his way.
A.this B.it C.one D.that
【答案】B
【解析】句意:老师用他的方法使解决那个问题变得更容易了。
考查代词辨析。this这个;it它;one一个;that那个。根据“made...easier to work out that problem”可知,空处应用it作为形式宾语,代替后面的不定式短语“to work out that problem in his way”。故选B。
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重难点09 名词、冠词、代词
中考英语名词、冠词、代词考查情况及趋势分析
内容
考查情况
考查举例
考查趋势
名词
在单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解等题型中均有涉及。常考查名词的词义辨析、可数与不可数名词的用法、名词的所有格等。注重考查学生在语境中理解和运用名词的能力。
完形填空中常考查名词选项,需要学生根据上下文理解故事情节发展来选择合适的名词。如在描述人物情感变化等情境中,考查对相关名词的理解和运用。
更加注重在真实语境中考查名词的实际运用能力,避免单纯的词汇记忆考查。
可能会增加一些与时代热点、学生生活实际联系紧密的话题中的名词考查,引导学生关注生活、关注社会。
冠词
在单项选择等题型中出现。主要考查不定冠词 a/an 的用法区别、定冠词 the 的特定用法以及零冠词的情况。
类似 “___ Great Wall is one of the seven wonders in the world.” 这样的题目,考查定冠词 the 在专有名词前的用法。
考查会继续注重基础用法的考查,同时可能会结合一些具有文化内涵或时代特色的语境来考查冠词的运用,让学生在具体情境中判断冠词的使用是否正确。
代词
在单项选择、阅读理解等题型中有所体现。重点考查人称代词(主格、宾格)、物主代词(形容词性、名词性)、指示代词、不定代词等的用法。
单项选择中可能会出现 “—Is this ____ book? —No, it's not mine. It's hers.” 这样的题目,考查形容词性物主代词的用法。
考查会更加细致,注重代词在不同语境中的准确使用。可能会增加一些在复杂句子结构或长难句中代词的指代关系考查,以检验学生对句子的理解能力和代词的运用能力。
【情境解读】
【重难诠释】
中考英语名词、冠词、代词重难点分析
重难点
典例举例
名词
可数名词复数的不规则变化;
不可数名词的量化表达;
名词所有格的用法,包括’s 所有格和 of 所有格,以及双重所有格;
集合名词的用法,如 family, class, team 等在不同语境下的单复数判断
There are many ________ (child) playing in the park. 答案为 children。
I need ________ (a piece of /a) advice. 答案为 a piece of。
This is Tom and Jerry’s room. They live together.(表示两人共有)
These are Tom’s and Jerry’s rooms. They live separately.(表示各自拥有)
The class ________ (is /are) having a meeting.(如果强调班级整体,用 is;如果强调班级里的成员,用 are)
冠词
不定冠词 a/an 的用法区别(根据单词发音的第一个音素判断);
定冠词 the 的各种特定用法,如用于特指、世界上独一无二的事物、序数词和形容词最高级前、乐器前等;
零冠词的情况,如在专有名词、不可数名词表示泛指、复数名词表示一类人或事物等前面不用冠词
There is ________ “h” in the word “hour”. 答案为 an,因为 h 不发音,hour 以元音音素开头。
The sun is bigger than the moon.
He is the tallest in our class.
She plays the piano very well.
I like music.(music 为不可数名词,表泛指,不用冠词)
They are teachers.(复数名词 teachers 表示一类人,不用冠词)
代词
人称代词主格和宾格的正确使用;
物主代词(形容词性和名词性)的用法及区别;
指示代词 this, that, these, those 的用法;
不定代词的用法,如 some, any, many, much, few, little, a few, a little, both, all, neither, none, either 等的辨析和在语境中的准确运用;
关系代词 that, which, who, whom 等在定语从句中的用法
________ (I / Me) am a student. 答案为 I(主格作主语)。
This is ________ (my /mine) book. It’s ________ (my /mine). 答案依次为 my(形容词性物主代词修饰名词 book),mine(名词性物主代词作表语)。
This is a book and that is a pen.
There are some apples on the table. Would you like some?(表示请求或建议时,用 some 不用 any)
Both of my parents are teachers.(表示两者都)
All of the students are here.(表示三者或三者以上都)
I like the book that /which is very interesting.(关系代词 that /which 在定语从句中作主语,指代 book)
【易错专攻】
中考英语名词易错点及应对策略分析
易错点
典例举例
应对策略
可数名词与不可数名词的误用
误:I have many advices to give you.
正:I have much advice to give you.(advice 为不可数名词,不能用 many 修饰,要用 much)
误:He gave me a very good informations.
正:He gave me very good information.(information 是不可数名词,不能加 “s”,也不能用不定冠词 “a” 修饰)
牢记常见的不可数名词,如 advice, information, fun, progress 等。对于既可用作可数名词又可用作不可数名词的词,要根据语境判断其含义和用法,通过大量练习强化记忆。
名词的单复数形式不规则
child 的复数是 children,man 的复数是 men,woman 的复数是 women,foot 的复数是 feet,tooth 的复数是 teeth 等。
以 -f 或 -fe 结尾的名词,复数形式要把 -f 或 -fe 变为 -ves,如 knife - knives,leaf - leaves 等。
以 o 结尾的名词,复数形式有的加 -s,有的加 -es,有生命的加 -es,无生命的加 -s,如 tomato - tomatoes,photo - photos
背诵不规则变化的名词复数形式,可通过一些口诀帮助记忆,如 “妻子拿刀宰狼,小偷见了直发慌,躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光” 来记忆以 -f 或 -fe 结尾的名词复数变化。对于以 o 结尾的名词,牢记特殊变化的单词。
名词所有格的错误使用
表示有生命的东西的名词所有格一般在词尾加 “’s”,但复数名词以 -s 结尾时,只加 ’,如 Teachers’ Day;
表示无生命的东西的名词所有格通常用 “of + 名词” 结构;
当表示两者或多者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加 “’s”,表示各自拥有时,每个名词后都要加 “’s”。例如,Lily and Lucy’s room(两人共有),Lily’s and Lucy’s rooms(两人各自拥有)
明确名词所有格的构成规则和不同用法,通过具体例子理解和区分不同情况,多进行相关练习,强化对名词所有格的正确使用。
不可数名词具体化的特殊情形理解困难
rain(雨) - a heavy rain(一场大雨);coffee(咖啡) - two coffees(两杯咖啡);success(成功) - a great success(一件非常成功的事或一个极为成功的人)
了解物质名词和抽象名词在什么情况下可以具体化,多积累常见的不可数名词具体化的例子,结合语境理解其含义和用法。
单复数同形的名词作定语误用
像 sheep(绵羊)、deer(鹿)、fish(鱼,强调条数时单复数同形)等单复数同形的名词作定语时,形式不变,如 a sheep farm(一个养羊场)、two deer parks(两个鹿园)
记住常见的单复数同形的名词,在作定语时注意其形式不变,通过练习加深印象。
中考英语冠词易错点及应对策略分析
易错点
典例举例
应对策略
不定冠词 a/an 误用
误:He is a university student. (应改为 an university student,因为 university 以元音音素开头)
误:There is an useful book on the desk. (应改为 a useful book,因为 useful 以辅音音素开头)
牢记 a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an 用于元音音素开头的单词前。可通过练习判断单词的发音,强化记忆。
序数词前冠词使用错误
误:I have read the two books. Now I want to read a third one. (表示 “再一,又一” 用不定冠词,应改为 a third one)
误:The first time I saw him, I knew he was a clever boy. (表示顺序用定冠词,应改为 The first time)
明确强调顺序时用定冠词 the,不强调顺序表示 “又,还,再” 时用不定冠词 a/an。通过具体例句理解两种用法的区别,多做相关练习。
抽象名词和物质名词前冠词使用不当
误:I have a great fun today. (fun 为不可数名词,表泛指,不用冠词,应去掉 a)
误:The water in the bottle is very clean. (特指瓶中的水用 the 正确,但如果说 “水是生命之源”,Water is the source of life. 这里的 water 是泛指,不用 the)
误:It's a great success. (success 抽象名词具体化,表示 “一件成功的事”,可数,用 a 正确,但如果说 “Success is the mother of failure.”,这里的 success 是抽象概念,不用冠词)
了解抽象名词和物质名词在什么情况下用冠词,什么情况下不用冠词。特指时用定冠词,具体化表示 “…… 的人或事” 时用不定冠词,泛指时一般不用冠词。积累常见的抽象名词和物质名词的用法例句。
固定搭配中冠词的误用
误:I go to school by the bike. (“by + 交通工具” 中间不用冠词,应去掉 the)
误:We have a lunch at school. (表示一日三餐的名词前一般不用冠词,应去掉 a)
误:He is in the hospital. (表示 “生病住院” 用 in hospital,“在医院里(工作等)” 用 in the hospital,这里如果是说生病住院,应去掉 the)
牢记常见的固定搭配中冠词的用法,如 “go to school”“in hospital”“by bus” 等。通过背诵短语和例句来强化记忆,多进行相关的练习和语境理解。
复数姓氏前定冠词的漏用
误:Green family are very kind. (表示 “格林一家人” 用 the Greens,应在 Green 前加 the)
记住定冠词用于复数姓氏前表示一家人或夫妇二人,通过例句 “The Smiths have a big house.” 等加深印象,避免遗漏 the。
中考英语代词易错点及应对策略分析
易错点
典例举例
应对策略
主格与宾格的误用
误:Let I help you.(应改为 Let me help you.,let 是动词,后面用人称代词宾格)
误:He is taller than me am.(应改为 He is taller than I am.,than 后接从句时,从句主语用主格)
牢记主格作主语,宾格作宾语(动词或介词后)。通过大量例句和练习强化记忆,如 “He gave the book to her.”“She is as smart as he (is).” 等。
人称代词排列顺序错误
误:I, you and he are good friends.(应改为 You, he and I are good friends.,单数人称代词按 “二三一” 排列)
误:They, we and you should work together.(应改为 We, you and they should work together.,复数人称代词按 “一二三” 排列)
记住人称代词的排列顺序规则,在具体语境中正确使用。可以通过一些口诀帮助记忆,如 “单数二三一,复数一二三,承担责任我在前”。
物主代词的误用
误:I have a book. The book is my.(应改为 I have a book. The book is mine.,此处需要用名词性物主代词)
误:He is a friend of me.(应改为 He is a friend of mine.,“a friend of + 名词性物主代词” 表示双重所有格)
误:I go to school by my bike.(应改为 I go to school by bike.,“by + 交通工具” 中间不用物主代词)
明确形容词性物主代词后需接名词,名词性物主代词可单独使用,相当于 “形容词性物主代词 + 名词”。熟悉常见的固定搭配中物主代词的用法,多做相关练习巩固。
反身代词的误用
误:The boy enjoyed him at the party.(应改为 The boy enjoyed himself at the party.,“enjoy oneself” 表示 “玩得开心”)
误:I taught me English.(应改为 I taught myself English.,“teach oneself” 表示 “自学”)
误:Boys and girls, help you to some fruits.(应改为 Boys and girls, help yourselves to some fruits.,“help oneself to sth.” 表示 “随便吃 / 用某物”,此处 boys and girls 是复数,用 yourselves)
牢记反身代词的常见固定搭配及用法,注意反身代词与所指代的名词或代词在人称、性别和数上保持一致。通过背诵固定短语和例句来加深记忆,如 “dress oneself”“hurt oneself” 等。
不定代词的误用
误:There is wrong something with my bike.(应改为 There is something wrong with my bike.,形容词修饰不定代词要后置)
误:I have two pens. One is red, another is blue.(应改为 I have two pens. One is red, the other is blue.,表示两者中的另一个用 the other)
误:Any student can answer this question.(用于肯定句表示 “任何一个” 时,常用 every,应改为 Every student can answer this question.)
掌握不定代词的基本用法和区别,如 some 与 any 的用法区别,one, the other 与 one, another 的区别等。通过大量练习,熟悉不同不定代词在具体语境中的用法。
指示代词的误用
误:This is my book. That is your.(应改为 This is my book. That is yours.,此处要用名词性物主代词 yours)
误:—Who is that? —This is Tom speaking.(打电话时,用 this 指自己,用 that 指对方,应改为 —Who is that? —It is Tom speaking.,或者 —Who is that? —This is Tom.)
明确指示代词的用法,特别是在打电话、指代上下文中事物等特殊语境中的用法。通过例句和实际场景模拟来加深理解,如 “This is a beautiful flower. That one is even more beautiful.”“These are my friends and those are theirs.” 等。
(建议用时:40分钟)
单项选择
1.It’s ________ to play ________ Chinese chess with them.
A.pleasure; / B.pleased; the C.a pleasure; / D.pleasant; the
2.Sandy has ________ bedroom. She has many clothes ________ in it.
A.of her own; of her own B.her own; of her own
C.her own; her own D.of her own; her own
3.— Whose fishing rods are these?
— They are my ________. They like to go fishing.
A.parent’s B.parents’ C.parents D.parent
4.There are fifty in our school.
A.women teachers B.woman teachers
C.woman teacher D.women teacher
5.—Are ________ Jerry’s ________?
—No, they’re Tom’s.
A.this; photo B.that; photos C.these; photos D.those; photo
6.The machine in the corner is making a lot of ________.
A.noise B.noisy C.noisily D.noises
7.In our school, there are many ________ and the ________ like them.
A.men teachers; boys students B.man teachers; boy students
C.men teachers; boy students D.man teachers; boys students
8.—This is one of the worst _________ I have ever watched.
— I can’t agree with you any more. It isn’t ________ the others.
A.advertisement; as creative as B.advertisements; as much creative as
C.advertisements; so creative as D.advertisements; as creatively as
9.Are there ________ students in the classroom?
A.some girl B.any girl C.some girls D.any girls
10.Quyuan’s job was ________ to the king.
A.give advice B.give an advice C.to give advice D.to give advices
11.Though Jack is in poor health, his work is better than ________.
A.anyone B.anyone’s else C.anyone else’s D.anyone’s else’s
12.—Are you sure this is a photo ________, the famous comedy actress (喜剧演员)?
—Yes. But she was once (曾经) really thin.
A.Jia Ling B.Jia Ling’s C.of Jia Ling D.of Jia Ling’s
13.Will you take part in the ________ long jump tomorrow afternoon?
A.girl B.girl’s C.girls’ D.girls
14.—Mum, you look so tired. What’s wrong?
—I did ________ housework this morning. Maybe I need a rest now.
A.three hour’s B.three hours of C.three-hour of D.three-hours’
15.—________ is it from your home to school?
—It is about 20 ________ bike ride.
A.How long; minute B.How far; minutes
C.How far; minutes’ D.How long; minutes’
16.The Chinese volleyball team _______ at the World Championship in 1981.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
17.Millions of tourists go to Tian’anmen Square to see soldiers ________ the Chinese national flag ________ National Day.
A.rise; at B.raise; on
C.raise; on the D.rising; at the
18.Who finds the treasure chocolate?
A.Miss Underwood. B.Otto and Jo.
C.Josh and Charlie. D.The head teacher.
19.The bookshop is in _______ Street. He often goes there to buy books.
A.fifth B.the fifith C.Fifth D.the Fifth
20.—My uncle died ________ a car accident last week.
—I feel sorry for his ________.
A.of; death B.from; dead C.of; dead D.from; death
21.—Do not give up! If you keep trying, you will be successful.
—________. I’ll have ________ second try anyway.
A.I will; a B.I won’t; a C.I will; the D.I won’t; the
22.Wu Daguan, Father of China’s Aeroengines, is from Yangzhou, ________beautiful city ________the west of China.
A.the; in B.a; in C.the; to D.a; to
23.I have ________ eraser, two pencils, two pens and a ruler in my pencil case.
A.a B.an C.two D./
24.—What do you think of ________ panda reserve you visited last weekend?
—It’s great. It is ________ ideal home to wild animals.
A.the; a B.the; an C.a; an D.an; an
25.Huai’an is a beautiful place and _________ place is worth _________ visit.
A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.the; a
26._________ prize for the winner of the competition is a two-week holiday in Paris, _________ European city with many great attractions.
A.A; a B.The; a C.A; an D.The; an
27.— Some students are coughing badly!
—Yes. It’s ________ pity that we have ________ unusual time because of flu (流感).
A.a; an B./; an C.a; a D./; a
28.There are sixty minutes in ________ hour.
A.the B.an C.a D./
29.Jenny had ________ interview for a job, so she didn’t go to ________ new shopping mall with her parents.
A.the; a B.a; the C.an; the D.an; a
30.We can never imagine living ________ life without trying to protect the world we live in.
A.a better B.the better C.a worse D.the worst
31._______ second Sunday in May is Mother’s Day. It’s _______ special day for children to show their love to their mothers.
A.A; the B.The; a C./; a D./; the
32.It’s very comfortable to take ________ high speed railway called “ Fuxing Hao”, though it moves at ________ high speed.
A.an; / B.the; / C./; the D.the; the
33.Nanjing, ________ capital of Jiangsu Province, is ________ old city with many modern buildings.
A.a; an B.the; an C.a; a D.a; the
34.— How time flies! The work is coming to ________ end. I can go home soon.
— Yes, but I need to stay here till ________ end of next month.
A.the; an B.an; the C.an; an D.the; the
35.________ Alps are in Switzerland, ________ European country.
A.The...a B.The...an C./...a D./...an
36.______ exit of the exhibition center is over there.
A.A B.An C.The D./
37.— When do you have ________ history?
— It’s on ________ Friday morning.
A.a; / B.a; the C./ ; the D./ ; /
38.Peter is so able that all of us make him ________ monitor.
A.a B.an C.the D./
39.None of them have ________ pity on the poor. What ________ shame it is!
A./, a B.a, a C.a, / D.a, an
40.Today many tools are made of ________ plastic. ________ plastic tools are very useful.
A.a; The B.\; A C.the; An D.\; \
41.Biden, ________ president of the USA, will visit Britain ________second time next month.
A.the; the B.the; a C./; a D./; the
42.To his parents’ joy, Peter has made ________ rapid progress in maths with ________ help of his teacher.
A.不填; the B.不填; 不填 C.a; the D.as; 不填
43.Her mother is busy ________ in the kitchen.
A.to cook dinner B.cooking dinner C.cooking the dinner D.to cook the dinner
44.My brother can play ________ chess while I can play ________ guitar.
A.the; the B.the; / C./; / D./; the
45.Jack as well as his classmates ________ basketball happily at the moment.
A.are playing B.play C.is playing the D.is playing
46.I hope ________ in the next World Cup.
A.her to play B.she to play C.her will play D.she will play
47.This pair of shoes ________ so nice. I’ll take ________.
A.is; it B.is; them C.are; it D.are; them
48.—Are Frank and Gina classmates?
—Yes, and ________ English teacher is Mr. Brown.
A.they B.their C.them D.his
49.—My parents are already in their sixties.
—________.
A.So am mine B.So are mine C.So have mine D.So are they
50.Children can usually dress ________ by the age of five.
A.themselves B.them C.selves D.ones
51.To keep warm, Nancy held ________ as tight as possible against the cold wind.
A.she B.her C.hers D.herself
52.Although (尽管) there are ________ apples on this tree than on that tree, the apples on this tree are bigger than ________ on that tree.
A.fewer; / B.fewer; those C.less;/ D.less; those
53.At the party, Lucy wore a dress which was far more attractive than ________.
A.that of other girl B.that of other girls
C.the other girls D.those of other girls
54.—Mom, where is the salad cream? I want to make a fruit salad.
—________ is left. We need to buy some.
A.Something B.Nothing C.Anything D.None
55.Mrs Wang bought ________ fish and fruit from the market.
A.many B.a few C.some D.a little
56.—You went to Shanghai last week. I wonder ________ you went there with.
—Oh, some of my pen friends.
A.whom B.which C.what D.whose
57.Linda is my good friend. We always help ________.
A.other B.another C.each other D.the others
58.They met ________ and wrote down ________ exact address.
A.each other; each other B.each other's; each other
C.each other's; each other's D.each other; each other's
59.It is so careless of him ________ his homework at home again.
A.leave B.to leave C.forget D.to forget
60.The teacher made __________ easier to work out that problem in his way.
A.this B.it C.one D.that
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