Unit 4 Section 3(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

[对应知能达标训练P39] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The whole team was on good form and deserved(应得) the win. 2．The game was relayed(转播) by satellite to audiences all over the world. 3．Universities choose students based on not only the results of the entrance exam，but also other criteria(标准). 4．I prayed (祈祷) that nobody would notice my mistake. 5．His parents were annoyed to hear that he had resigned(辞职) from the company. 6．As we got close to the large front porch，wind bells played a calming tune(语调). 7．It's a common problem，the one I'm asked about most when I'm on the lecture circuit(巡回). 8．I used to go around and take every plug(插头) out at night. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Some young people are self­centered and take it for granted that others serve them. 2．I have caught a bad cold lately(late) and I'd rather I stayed at home instead of going anywhere. 3．The correct decision we make will undoubtedly prevent ourselves from being contracted(contract). 4．In my opinion，I think this plan deserves discussing/to be discussed(discuss)further in the later meeting. 5．Unfortunately，he contracted a serious illness，which disabled him from walking and speaking. 6．When he arrived，he saw some people sitting on the ground，praying(pray) for their relatives. 7．Not only his parents but also he is(be) going to attend the party to be held by Tom. 8．Now that you have mastered the skills，you are ready to make your dream come true. Ⅲ.单句写作(演讲稿之中国对外国的援助) 1．我倍感荣幸发表有关中国医生帮助外国穷人和残疾人的演讲。 I feel greatly privileged to deliver a speech on Chinese doctors' helping the poor and the disabled in foreign countries. 2．中国人不仅帮助他们建医院，而且他们给当地的医生提供咨询和培训。(倒装) Not only do Chinese people help them build a hospital but also they provide consultation and training for local doctors. 3．我们理所当然地认为人不会死于常见病。 We take it for granted that people won't die from some common diseases. 4．但是，患这些疾病的外国穷人由于缺乏药品将很可能死亡。 But foreign poor people who contract these diseases will likely die for lack of medicine. 5．总之，中国医生一直在做的善举值得传播和赞扬。 In conclusion，the good deeds Chinese doctors have been doing deserve spreading and praising. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 While China has many areas that are still in need of 1.development(develop)，Chinese people still help people overseas in nearly every corner of the world.Bingbing's mother has been working 2.as a volunteer consultant in Tanzania，Africa，as a part of a medical team 3.sent(send) by the Chinese government.Many dangerous diseases which 4.are(be) rare in China are quite commonly contracted in Tanzania.And，while the country is quite beautiful and has much 5.natural(nature) wealth，many of the people are quite poor and live without things 6.that/which we take for granted，such as electricity，7.running(run) water，cars and good transport systems，and supermarkets.Not only 8.does her mother help Tanzanians to build a cardiac hospital but she also provides medical treatment and helps those with disabilities.Besides，her team has given patients a new malaria treatment that 9.was invented(invent) in China，and this has saved many lives.Everyone deserves a fair chance in life.Among all the things that we as Chinese citizens can be most proud of，10.helping(help) others comes at the top of this list. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot to bring something to read？Yes，we all have our phones，but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed. Well，there's a kiosk (小亭) for that.In the San Francisco Bay Area，at least. “You enter the fare gates (检票口) and you'll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one­minute，a three­minute，or a five­minute story，”says Alicia Trost，the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART.“You choose which length you want and it gives you a receipt­like short story.” It's that simple.Riders have printed nearly 20，000 short stories and poems since the program was launched last March.Some are classic short stories，and some are new original works. Trost also wants to introduce local writers to local riders.“We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest，”Trost says.“And as of right now，we've received about 120 submissions.The winning stories would go into our kiosk and then you would be a published artist.” Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century，so could short stories save transit? Trost thinks so. “At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can to improve the rider experience.So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories，”she says. And you'll never be without something to read. 【语篇解读】　记叙文。本文主要讲述了旧金山湾区捷运系统的首席通讯官艾丽西亚·特罗斯特根据车站乘客的需求启动阅读亭项目，以便改善乘客的体验。 1．Why did BART start the kiosk program? A．To promote the local culture. B．To discourage phone use. C．To meet passengers' needs. D．To reduce its running costs. 解析　C　推理判断题。题干中的 kiosk 在第二段“there's a kiosk for that”中首次出现，句中的“that”指代文章第一段中的“but many of us still like to go old school and read something printed”，即很多人仍然喜欢选择传统方式，读一些印刷的东西。所以为了满足乘客需求，BART启动了阅读亭项目，故选C。 2．How are the stories categorized in the kiosk? A．By popularity.　　 B．By length. C．By theme. D．By language. 解析　B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“it tells you can get a one­minute，a three­minute，or a five­minute story”和“You choose which length you want”可知，你可以根据自己想要的长度选择1分钟、3分钟或者5分钟阅读时长的故事，即阅读亭里的故事是按长度分类的，故选B。 3．What has Trost been doing recently? A．Organizing a story contest. B．Doing a survey of customers. C．Choosing a print publisher. D．Conducting interviews with artists. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest”和“as of right now，we've received about 120 submissions”可知，特罗斯特号召艺术家们提交故事参加比赛，并且目前为止收到了大约120份参赛作品，所以她是在组织故事比赛，故选A。 4．What is Trost's opinion about BART's future? A．It will close down. B．Its profits will decline. C．It will expand nationwide. D．Its ridership will increase. 解析　D　观点态度题。根据第七段内容“Trost thinks so.”和第八段中的“So I absolutely think we will get more riders just because of short stories”可知，特罗斯特完全相信他们会因为短故事收获更多乘客，故选D。 B The sharing economy is an economic model defined as a peer­to­peer (个人对个人) based activity of getting，providing，or sharing access to goods and services that are often facilitated by a community­based online platform. Sharing economies allow individuals and groups to make money from underused assets (资产).In a sharing economy，assets such as spare bedrooms can be rented out when not in use.In this way，physical assets are shared as services.Data provided by the Brookings Institute detailed the Airbnb's cost advantage over hotel space as homeowners make use of spare bedrooms.Airbnb rates were reported to be between 30%—60%cheaper than hotel rates around the world. The sharing economy has developed over the past few years and it now serves as an inclusive term that refers to a host of online economic transactions(交易) that may even include business­to­business interactions.Other platforms that have joined the sharing economy include co­working platforms that provide shared open workspaces，or fashion platforms that allow individuals to sell or rent their clothes. Criticism of the sharing economy often involves regulatory uncertainty.Unlicensed individuals offering rental services may not be following local regulations or paying the associated costs.This could mean giving them an advantage that enables them to charge lower prices.Another concern is that lack of government regulation will lead to serious abuses of both buyers and sellers in the sharing economy.This has been highlighted by numerous highly publicized cases like the unfair treatment of ridesharing contractors by the platforms. There is also a fear that the greater amount of information shared on an online platform can create racial and/or gender discrimination (性别歧视) among users.This can happen when users are allowed to choose who they will share their homes or vehicles with，or because of statistical discrimination by algorithms (算法) that select users with characteristics such as poor credit history or criminal records. For example，Airbnb had to face racial discrimination complaints from African­American and Latino would­be renters due to widespread user preference not to rent to these customers.As more data is presented and the sharing economy keeps developing，companies within this economy have promised to fight discrimination by limiting the availability of information to and about buyers and sellers. 【语篇解读】　说明文。文章讲述了共享经济的定义、发展及其问题。 5．Why does the author mention Airbnb in paragraph 2? A．To highlight the potential of renting spare bedrooms. B．To show the intense competition in the hotel industry. C．To suggest the rapid development of the sharing economy. D．To illustrate the concept of sharing physical assets as services. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，本段主要介绍共享经济如何将闲置资产转变为可共享的服务，Airbnb的模式就是将屋主的闲置房间重新利用起来，作者提到有关Airbnb的数据就是为了阐释将实物资产转变为服务的概念。 6．What is one of the main criticisms of the sharing economy according to the text? A．Being subject to local regulations leads to higher costs. B．Individuals offering rental services charge higher prices. C．Sharing service providers avoid government regulation. D．Cases of unfair treatment of ridesharing contractors are increasing. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Criticism of the sharing economy often involves ...the associated costs.”和“Another concern is that lack of government regulation...in the sharing economy.”可知，对共享经济的批评之一主要是共享服务提供者往往会逃避政府监管，从而引发各种问题。 7．How does the author explain discrimination in the sharing economy? A．By analyzing the causes. B．By making comparisons. C．By giving historical examples. D．By sharing personal experiences. 解析　A　细节理解题。第五段的首句为主旨句，提出对共享经济的另外一个担忧就是在线平台共享的信息往往会引发种族或者性别歧视，接着分析了导致这种歧视的原因。 8．What solution has been proposed in response to discrimination? A.Implementing stricter government regulations. B．Increasing racial and gender diversity among users. C．Encouraging more users to share their homes on Airbnb. D．Restricting access to data regarding both consumers and suppliers. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“companies within this economy have ...about buyers and sellers”可知，为了避免共享经济领域的歧视现象，公司承诺将限制提供与买卖双方有关的信息。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·滨州高二下期末)Before retiring，my father was a successful corporate executive.Growing up，I got used to learning that he had received 1 ，from vice president to executive vice president to senior executive vice president，and so on.I was always impressed by my father's 2 and viewed him as a wonderful role model. Therefore，I couldn't have been more 3 when my father got annoyed with me after I showed him one of my new business cards， 4 “Tina L．Seelig，President.” I had started my own business and 5 my own business cards.My father looked at the cards and said，“You can't just call yourself president.” In his experience，I had to wait for someone else to promote me to a leadership role and the thought of my 6 myself with that title 7 him. I have 8 his mentality(心态) time and time again.Twenty years ago when I told a friend I was going to write a book，she asked，“What makes you think you can write a book？” She couldn't 9 taking on such a project without the 10 of someone in a position of greater authority.I，on the other hand，felt confident I could do it.The task was certainly 11 ，but why not try? I put together a detailed proposal，wrote some sample chapters，shopped it around，and 12 a contract. Over time，I've became increasingly 13 that people are divided into two categories.Some look inside themselves for 14 and others wait to be pushed forward by outside forces.From my experience，there's a lot to be said for 15 opportunities instead of waiting for someone to hand them to you. 【语篇解读】　记叙文。文章讲述了作者父亲是一名成功的企业高管，父亲的成就给我留下了深刻的印象，我把他视为一个很好的榜样。 1．A.increases B．promotions C．changes D．shifts 解析　B　句意：我已经习惯了他的晋升，从副总裁到执行副总裁再到高级执行副总裁，等等。根据“from vice president to executive vice president to senior executive vice president，and so on.”可知，这是工作职位的晋升。 2．A.strengths B．accomplishments C．perseverance D．patience 解析　B　根据“viewed him as a wonderful role model.”可知，父亲工作上有成就给我留下了深刻的印象。 3．A.amused B．ashamed C．surprised D．moved 解析　C　根据“when my father got annoyed with me”可知，爸爸生我的气，这让我很惊讶。 4．A.reading B．writing C．indicating D．illustrating 解析　A　根据“Tina L．Seelig，President.”可知，卡片上写着。 5．A.sold B．delivered C．printed D．spread 解析　C　根据“after I showed him one of my new business cards，”可知，我打印自己的名片。 6．A.appointing B．assigning C．polishing D．shaping 解析　A　根据“Tina L．Seelig，President.”可知，这是我对自己职位的任命。 7．A.puzzled B．amazed C．relieved D．upset 解析　D　根据“when my father got annoyed with me ”可知，一直被提拔的爸爸对孩子自己职位任命的想法感到不高兴。 8．A.weighed up B．backed down C．banked on D．come across 解析　D　根据“his mentality(心态) time and time again ”可知，作者经常遇到爸爸的这种心态。 9．A.tolerate B．acknowledge C．imagine D．confirm 解析　C　根据“What makes you think you can write a book? ”可知，这个朋友不能想到作者没有上级批准的情况下承担这样一个项目。 10．A.vision B．reputation C．approval D．passion 解析　C　根据“ I，on the other hand，felt confident I could do it.”可知，作者没有上级批准的情况下承担这样一个项目，这是朋友不能想到的。 11．A.ambitious B．meaningful C．valuable D．absurd 解析　A　根据“What makes you think you can write a book? ”可知，写一本书不容易。 12．A.refused B．appreciated C．took D．landed 解析　D　根据“I put together a detailed proposal，wrote some sample chapters，shopped it around，and”可知，经过一系列准备，最后赢得了合同。 13．A.aware B．afraid C．grateful D．accustomed 解析　A　根据“Over time”可知，随着时间的推移，作者越来越意识到人们可以分为两类。 14．A.stability B．motivation C．satisfaction D．growth 解析　B　根据“and others wait to be pushed forward by outside forces.”可知，一些人从自己的内部寻找动力。 15．A.missing B．witnessing C．pursuing D．seizing 解析　D　根据“instead of waiting for someone to hand them to you”可知，抓住机会比等着别人把机会递给你有很多好处。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$