Unit 3 Section 3(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

[对应知能达标训练P29] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．A good second round brought him level with the tournament(锦标赛) leader. 2．The government has given top priority to reforming the tax(税) system. 3．She has little chance to win the election as her opponent(对手) is too strong. 4．All the audience were touched by his perseverance deeply and applauded(鼓掌) warmly. 5．The police suspected there may be a link between the two murders(凶杀). 6．Out of mercy(仁慈)，the old man offered the beggar some tasty bread. 7．Lots of corals(珊瑚) died because of climate change，making billions of fish homeless. 8．The agreement paved the way for establishment of the bonds(关系，纽带) between the two countries. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The sea is home to life，not human beings' possessions and we should protect it rather than exploit it too much. 2．The audience stayed silent，listened to me carefully and gave me a big round of applause(applaud) at the end. 3．We learn traditional Chinese art such as Beijing Opera under the guidance of professional(profession) teachers. 4．The old man donated all his possessions(possession) to the charity before his death. 5．My opponent gave me a merciful(mercy) look without saying anything. 6．I held my breath as I watched，feeling a mixture(mix) of happiness and surprise. 7．We have launched another man­made satellite，which is announced in today's newspaper. Ⅲ.单句写作(话题写作之海洋探索的利与弊) 1．随着世界人口的增长，开发海洋变得越来越有必要。 As the population of the world increases，it is becoming increasingly necessary to exploit the sea. 2．海洋拥有各种各样的物种，它们可以给我们提供食物或能源。 The sea possesses various species，which can provide us with food or energy. 3．然而，许多渔民无情地捕捞了如此多的海洋动物以至于它们处于灭绝的危险之中。 However，many fishermen have caught so many marine creatures without mercy that they are in danger of dying out. 4．因此，涉及过度捕捞的那些人应该被惩罚或逮捕。 Consequently，those who are involved in overfishing should get punished or arrested. 5．把海洋探索和环境保护结合起来是一种完美的解决方法。 Combining sea exploration and environmental protection is a wonderful solution. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 When people talk of exploring the sea more，they usually mean exploiting it.Sea exploration 1.has caused(cause) many problems up to now and will continue to cause more.More exploration means 2.more(much) pollution.The Deepwater Horizon spilled over 200 million gallons of oil into the sea in 2010.Mining for resources is very damaging.Overfishing is 3.another problem.Although hunting whales and dolphins 4.was banned in 1982，some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy.The sea is home to life，not human beings' 5.possessions(possess).To 6.truly(true)understand our planet，we must explore the oceans.Opponents may be concerned，7.but sea exploration is important for our future.Therefore，more research is necessary.Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better.8.Logging(log) new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth.The population of the world is growing and we need new resources 9.for future development.Of course，we should balance environmental risks with 10.economic(economy) needs. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·海口高二检测)Government agencies and volunteer groups in many places are using sea creatures to protect coastal areas from storms and rising sea levels.The idea is that large groups of oysters (牡蛎) known as colonies，can help reduce the power of waves.Powerful waves can damage lands along the edge of ocean waters. Oysters may play an important part in dealing with the problem.Oysters are central to a project that is taking place near Vaccaro's rebuilt house.The project is being carried out by the Littoral Society.It received $1 million from the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection.The group has been building steel wire containers，filling them with rocks and whelk (海螺) shells and positioning them along the shoreline of Barnegat Bay. Tiny baby oysters are attached to whelk shells and placed in the existing cages to further strengthen the shoreline.The shoreline in Vaccaro's neighborhood has lost 46 meters of beach since 1995，the Littoral Society says. The oysters appear to be doing their job.One recent day，a strong east wind blew across the bay.But between the oysters and the shoreline，the water was much calmer，and waves gently went onto the shoreline instead of hitting it with force. As an added benefit，the oysters help improve water quality in the bay.The Associated Press reports that a single oyster can filter (过滤) up to 190 liters of water a day. A few kilometers south，a group called ReClam the Bay is building an oyster reef to protect the shoreline of Mordecai Island.People do not live on the island，but it protects the shoreline of Beach Haven，a town on Long Beach Island. Volunteers fill bags with 16 kilograms of whelk shells，to which millions of baby oysters have been attached.Then volunteers move them out to the reef a few hundred yards into the ocean.They have placed 10，000 bags of oysters and whelk shells there since 2015. 【语篇解读】　说明文。文章介绍了人们利用牡蛎保护沿海地区免受强大海浪的破坏。 1．Where do the baby oysters grow? A．On the sea rocks. B．In steel wire cages. C．In shallow calm water. D．In the fishermen's houses. 解析　B　细节理解题。由第二段最后一句(该组织一直在建造钢丝容器，里面装满岩石和海螺壳，并将它们放置在巴尼加特湾海岸上)和第三段第一句(小牡蛎宝宝附着在海螺壳上，放在现有的笼子里，以进一步加强海岸线)可知，牡蛎宝宝生长在钢丝笼中。故选B。 2．What does the author intend to tell us in paragraph 4? A．The sea life project works. B．The baby oysters grow well. C．The beach stops missing. D．The sea pollution is dropping. 解析　A　推理判断题。第四段提到，在阻止强大的海浪破坏海水边缘陆地方面，牡蛎发挥了作用。因此，作者在第四段想告诉我们，海洋生物项目起作用了。故选A。 3．What do we know about ReClam the Bay? A．It cooperates with the Littoral Society. B．It offers baby oysters to the Littoral Society. C．It has the same aim as the Littoral Society. D．It has made more progress than the Littoral Society. 解析　C　推理判断题。由第二段中的“Oysters are central to a project that is taking place near Vaccaro's rebuilt house.The project is being carried out by the Littoral Society.(牡蛎是瓦卡罗重建的房屋附近的一个项目的中心。该项目由Littoral Society实施。)”和倒数第二段第一句(向南几千米，一个名为ReClam the Bay的组织正在建造牡蛎礁，以保护Mordecai岛的海岸线)可知，ReClam the Bay和Littoral Society的目标是一样的——用牡蛎保护海岸线。故选C。 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Oyster Farming Has Great Benefits B．Volunteer Ocean Protection Is in Action C．Worldwide Beaches Are Disappearing Fast D．Little Sea Creatures Could Save Coastal Land 解析　D　标题归纳题。文章讲述了人们利用牡蛎保护沿海地区免受强大海浪的破坏，D项“小小海洋生物可以拯救沿海土地”符合文意，适合作本文的标题。故选D。 B Over 70% of the earth's surface is covered in water，but it's undrinkable.Scientists at the University of Illinois Urbana­Champaign (UIUC) have modeled a system that can collect water vapor (水蒸气) from above the ocean surface and freeze it into fresh drinking water at a large scale. Water shortage is an issue that's projected to get worse，as climate change makes dry areas even drier.The oceans，home to over 96% of water on Earth，represent a huge potential reservoir (a place to store water)，but desalination (海水淡化) is a challenging and complex prospect to scale up because of the poisonous wastewater it produces. But nature already has a pretty good desalination system—the sun is heating up the surface of the ocean and evaporating water out of it，which of course goes on to become rain.In a new study，the UIUC team came up with a method to use this resource.The team proposes that structures could be built several kilometers offshore to obtain air rich in water vapor from above the ocean surface.That air can then be piped back to land and turned into water.This fresh water could then be used for drinking，agriculture，or whatever else a region needs it for.The whole system could be powered by offshore wind farms and land­based solar panels. The researchers evaluated 14 cities around the world，analyzing how much water could be collected based on the offshore air in those locations.Based on their models，the scientists estimated that these structures could collect between 37.6 billion and 78.3 billion liters of water per year，depending on the conditions in a specific location. The team says that the solution is pretty good，since it works like the natural water cycle except that the vapor is guided to where it's needed.“The system we are proposing will be useful under climate change.This provides a much needed approach for adaptation to climate change，particularly to populations living in dry and semi­dry regions of the world，” said Afeefa Rahman，the co­author of the study. 【语篇解读】　说明文。科学家建立了一个系统模型，该系统可以从海洋表面上方收集水蒸气，并将其大规模冻结成新鲜的饮用水。文章介绍了该系统的工作方式以及未来的应用。 5．Why do scientists design this vapor­collecting system? A．To improve water quality. B．To relieve the water shortages. C．To approach climate change. D．To reduce the pollution of water. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，随着气候变化使干旱地区更加干燥，缺水问题预计将变得更加严重。科学家设计这种蒸汽收集系统是为了缓解水资源短缺。 6．What do we know about the vapor­collecting system from the text? A．It's mainly powered by batteries. B．The water collected by it is rich in mineral. C．It makes full use of the natural water cycle. D．It should be built as close to the ocean as possible. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，太阳加热海洋表面，蒸发其中的水并变成雨。UIUC 团队提出了一种利用这种资源的方法：在离岸几公里处建造一些结构体，以从海面上获取富含水蒸气的空气。然后，这些空气可以通过管道输送回陆地，变成水。由此推断，蒸汽收集系统充分利用自然水循环。 7．What can be learned from the fourth paragraph? A．The system could be applied around the world. B．More and more cities would bring in the system. C．The researchers have built structures in 14 cities to collect water. D．The researchers made great efforts before introducing the system. 解析　D　细节理解题。根据第四段，研究人员评估了世界上14个城市的近海空气可以收集多少水。根据他们的模型，科学家们估计这些结构体每年可以收集376亿到783亿升水，具体取决于特定地点的条件。由此可知，研究人员在引入该系统之前做了大量的努力。 8．What is Afeefa Rahman's attitude towards the system? A．Negative. B．Concerned. C．Skeptical. D．Optimistic. 解析　D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，这为适应气候变化，特别是生活在世界干旱和半干旱地区的人口，提供了一种急需的方法。由此推知，Afeefa对这个系统持乐观的态度。 Ⅱ.完形填空 Dexter lives in Ouray，Colorado，where，for the past few years，the two­footed dog has been turning heads wherever he goes.His owner，Kentee Pasek，says 1 on two legs isn't a trick she taught him.Rather，it's a(n) 2 he made after a near­death experience. When Dexter was a puppy，he escaped his yard，dashed into the 3 and got hit by a car.He lost his front legs.Everyone 4 he would need some kind of adaptive equipment to get around.He did use a 5 for a while until one day when Pasek set the dog at the foot of her porch (门廊) without it. Pasek ran in to get a cup of coffee，came out and 6 found that her dog had climbed the stairs.She 7 her cellphone，put Dexter back at the bottom of the stairs and 8 him walking up the stairs on two feet without the wheelchair. In the six years since，Dexter has become a full­blown celebrity， 9 in parades and building a group of social media 10 ，who now come to the dog's hometown just hoping for a glimpse of Ouray's most 11 “citizen”． The whole thing isn't considered as a 12 for many people.People praise Dexter for his option to stay 13 ．He shows where humans see 14 ，dogs sometimes beg to differ.And Dexter's action has proven that sometimes getting 15 is the only way to see how tall you stand. 【语篇解读】　记叙文。叙述一只狗遇车祸失去前腿后直立行走，表明开朗乐观面对困境的重要性。 1．A.walking B．jumping C．climbing D．riding 解析　A　根据上文“the two­footed dog”以及下文“walking up the stairs on two feet without the wheelchair”可知，该处Kentee Pasek表达，用两条腿走路并不是她教给它的技巧。 2．A.performance B．experiment C．adaptation D．promise 解析　C　根据故事叙述及上下文逻辑关系可知，用两条腿走路并不是其女主人教给它的技巧，而是它在一次濒死体验后的改变适应。 3．A.crowd B．playground C．subway D．traffic 解析　D　根据句意可知，当Dexter还是一只小狗时，他逃离了院子，冲进了车流，被一辆汽车撞了。 4．A.understood B．assumed C．realized D．recognized 解析　B　上文叙述Dexter失去了两只前腿。因此，人们认为他需要某种适应设备才能四处走动。assume 假定，认为。 5．A.shelter B．walking­stick C．wheelchair D．bench 解析　C　根据8空后“walking up the stairs on two feet without the wheelchair”可知，Dexter确实使用过轮椅。 6．A.finally B．luckily C．surprisingly D．occasionally 解析　C　根据句意可知，Pasek跑进去拿咖啡，出来了吃惊地发现她的狗爬上了楼梯。 7．A.covered B．changed C．forgot D．grabbed 解析　D　根据上下文语境语意可知，Pasek很吃惊，她抓起手机，把Dexter放回楼梯底部，录下了它双脚上楼的过程。grab(突然)抓住，抓起。 8．A.recorded B．imagined C．supported D．observed 解析　A　根据句意可知，Pasek把Dexter放回楼梯底部，录下了它双脚上楼的过程。 9．A.starring B．admiring C．waving D．shouting 解析　A　根据上下文语境语意可知，Dexter成了一个成熟的名人，成了游行队伍里的明星并且有了一大批社交媒体追随者。star in 担任主角，主演。 10．A.teachers B．followers C．designers D．websites 解析　B　下文“who now come to the dog's hometown just hoping for...”他们来到这只狗的家乡只是希望……。由此可知，Dexter成了名人，有了一大批社交媒体追随者。 11．A.peaceful B．popular C．humorous D．beautiful 解析　B　故事叙述Dexter失去两只前腿后直立行走，成了网红，有了一大批社交媒体追随者，他们来到这只狗的家乡只是希望看一眼这位出名的网红。 12．A.gesture B．problem C．routine D．joke 解析　D　根据下文“People praise Dexter for his option to stay 13 ．”可知，人们称赞 Dexter选择保持积极乐观。所以，整件事并不是一个玩笑。 13．A.positive B．calm C．serious D．crazy 解析　A　根据句意可知，人们称赞Dexter选择保持积极。 14．A.secrets B．troubles C．mistakes D．chances 解析　B　根据故事叙述可知，Dexter展示给我们对待困境的不同态度。 15．A.carried out B．put away C．dressed up D．knocked down 解析　D　全文叙述Dexter 遇车祸失去前腿后直立行走。由此可知，他的做法证明了有时被击倒是检验你不惧困难的唯一方法。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$