Unit 3 Section 1(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版2019）

[对应知能达标训练P22] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．It took him two years of preparation to cross the channel(海峡). 2．Team work between players contributes to cooperation and interaction，which leads to close bond(联系) and friendship. 3．To her great surprise，the girl found the Queen's jewels guarded by special royal(皇家的) soldiers. 4．Most Chinese people like the fairy tale(故事) of Cowboy and Weaving Girl，which dates back to Han Dynasty. 5．Zheng He，with his fleets(舰队)，came across the Indian Ocean，and arrived at the east coast of Africa. 6．People believe writing poems provides a channel(频道，途径) through which they can express their feelings. 7．Who do you think will win the league (联赛) championship this year? 8．The news is that the local bank will try to extend(延长) the period of the loan. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．These courses are based on a weekly two­hour class，extending(extend) over a period of twenty weeks. 2．The two parties have agreed on a further negotiation (negotiate)about how to solve the political problem. 3．Actually，the milk tea which is loved by almost every child is a mixture(mix) of milk and tea. 4．The aim of the activity is to encourage(encourage) the old to lead a more active life. 5．Unfortunately，the space exploration(explore) failed as a result of the terrible weather. 6．The fleet will set sail for Africa to send some machines that help build railways. 7．Shanghai is the largest business center in China，and its modern cityscape is a sight to behold. 8．I was about to withdraw(withdraw) my hand when I met Ms.Haist's encouraging eyes. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．高考结束后，我们将告别彼此并启航驶向未知的未来。 After the College Entrance Examination，we will bid farewell to each other and set sail for an unknown future． 2．促销开始前，我列了一张清单，上面是孩子们下一季需要的东西。 Before the sales started，I made a list of what my kids would need for the coming season. 3．我们为我们的公司、产品和服务感到非常自豪，同时我们欢迎你。 We take great pride in our company，products and services，and we extend our welcome to you. 4．一座现代化的城市在十年前还是一块废墟的地方建立起来了。 A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago． 5．看着这对老夫妇手拉手走在小路上，我意识到了什么是幸福。 Seeing the old couple walking along the path hand in hand，I realized what was happiness. Ⅳ.课文语法填空 Trade and curiosity have often formed the foundation of mankind's greatest 1.achievements(achieve). In ancient times，silk from China found its way along 2.what became known as the Silk Road.A trading route across the sea 3.was extended(extend) along the coasts of the Indian Ocean，4.centred(centre) around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).Here，merchants from China and many other places met 5.to negotiate(negotiate) trade deals.Between 1405 and 1433，seven large fleets，6.under the command of Zheng He，sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration. To reach out across the sea 7.remains (remain) a strong desire today.The Belt and Road Initiative has been proposed，8.encouraging(encourage) cooperation and strengthening the bonds between China and the rest of the world.Trading has grown 9.greatly(great) in China，and there is still 10.an urgent need to study other important projects，which will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·吉林期中)It's January and time to go back to school.For some，that might be a gloomy prospect after the joys of the post Christmas festive period.For me，though，it's as exciting as a trip to Antarctica，also as scary as starting a job for which I'm not sure whether I'm qualified. To be embarking on a master's degree in Psychotherapy and Counselling at Regent's University at 71 is perhaps an unlikely route for someone who dropped out of school at 17.But now I've come full circle to the conclusion that nothing，for me，feels more stimulating at this point in my life than learning new things.That studying，far from being the bore and the chore it used to be，is a treat. Turning 70 came as something of a shock.I started to feel I was drifting.Without a big project，and without any major family responsibilities，I was starting to feel I was lying on a bed of thorns.Friends of similar age were lapping up their lives，socializing and travelling.However，I longed for something more.Or perhaps not more，but different. As the gloom grew，I thought perhaps I needed to see a therapist.A friend，a psychotherapist，suggested that while therapy might be useful，doing a course on the basics of psychotherapy and counselling might be more up my street.Without too much thinking，I decided to give it a shot. So that's how every weekday I beep(发出哔哔声) myself through the gate with my student pass，which makes me smile every time.I feel privileged to be exposed to a group of my fellow students who are willing to be open to me. While ageing is an inevitable process，we can get rid of a lot of the rules about what's age­appropriate.Studying for a master's degree in old age is a challenge，but it has provided me with a new perspective on life.Hence，ageing should never limit your ambitions. 【语篇解读】　记叙文。作者七十岁退休以后，因生活没有了目标而有危机感。于是，在朋友的建议下，作者决定攻读硕士学位，这让作者有了新的奋斗目标和人生感悟。 1．How did the author feel when going back to school? A．Unrealistic. B．Expectant. C．Awkward. D．Resistant. 解析　B　推理判断题。根据第一段和第二段可知，到了返校的时间，作者感到十分兴奋，她渴望学习，觉得学习不再是苦差事，而是一种享受。 2．Why did turning 70 come as a shock to the author? A．She lived without a purpose. B．She had achieved nothing before. C．She had to support her family. D．She was separated by her fellows. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，由于没有事情可做，也没有家庭负担，作者开始如坐针毡。 3．What is the author's suggestion when you are facing ageing? A．Seeking support if needed. B．Behaving age­appropriately. C．Keeping your passions alive. D．Socializing with young students. 解析　C　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，人不能因为年老而没有追求。 4．What can be the best title for the text? A.Returning to School—My Dream Since Childhood B．My Tough Journey to Pursuing A Master's Degree C．Learning—My Way to Overcome the Ageing Crisis D．My Efforts to Learn at an Unlikely Age Paying off 解析　C　标题归纳题。通读文章可知，作者七十岁退休以后，因生活没有目标而有危机感。于是，在朋友的建议下，作者决定攻读硕士学位，这对作者克服危机感产生了很大的帮助。 B (2024·郑州高二检测)Arctic sea ice has been steadily decreasing since the beginning of satellite records in 1979，but a new study comes with a chilling prediction: By the end of this century，Arctic sea ice may disappear during the summer，which could drive polar bears and other ice­dependent species to extinction. Scientists thought the “Last Ice Area”，a region containing the oldest，thickest Arctic ice，would last for decades.But now，under both the most optimistic and pessimistic scenarios (可能出现的情况) for warming linked to climate change，the sea ice will dramatically thin by 2050.The most optimistic situation，in which carbon emissions are immediately and dramatically curbed to prevent the worst warming，could result in a limited part of the ice surviving in the region.In the most pessimistic situation，in which emissions continue at their current rate of increase，the summer ice and the polar bears and seals that live on it could disappear by 2100，researchers reported in a new study. “Unfortunately，this is a massive experiment we're doing，” study co­author Robert Newton，a senior research scientist，said in a statement.“If the year­round ice goes away，entire ice­dependent ecosystems will collapse，and something new will begin.” As carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases increasingly contribute to the warming of the atmosphere，the past 15 years has brought the lowest 15 sea­ice extents in the satellite record，according to the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC).Worse still，the NSIDC reports that the amount of older，thicker Arctic ice that has survived at least one melt season is at a record low.A more dramatic decrease in ice coverage could have a serious effect on the lives of the animals that live on，or under，the shifting ice network，including fish，seals，polar bears and so on. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北极最后的海冰可能会在夏季消失，这可能会导致北极熊和其他依赖冰的物种灭绝。 5．What will threaten the species in the Arctic according to the study? A．The loss of their habitats. B．Pollution of ocean water. C．The extreme cold weather. D．Lack of necessary food and water. 解析　A　细节理解题。根据第一段“By the end of this century，Arctic sea ice may disappear during the summer，which could drive polar bears and other ice­dependent species to extinction.(到本世纪末，北极海冰可能会在夏季消失，这可能会导致北极熊和其他依赖冰的物种灭绝。)”可知，这项研究表明丧失栖息地将对北极物种构成威胁。故选A。 6．What does the underlined word “curbed” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Improved. B．Predicted. C．Controlled. D．Determined. 解析　C　词义猜测题。根据画线单词之前的“The most optimistic situation(最乐观的情况)”以及画线单词后的“prevent the worst warming，could result in a limited part of the ice surviving in the region (防止最严重的变暖，可能会导致该地区有限的一部分冰存活下来)”可知，碳排放得到大幅控制。所以curbed为“控制”之意。故选C。 7．What does the author intend to express in the last paragraph? A．His concern over the Arctic animals' future. B．His surprise at the great amount of Arctic ice. C．His curiosity about the reasons for low sea­ice extents. D．His doubt about the dramatic decrease in ice coverage. 解析　A　推理判断题。最后一段提到，NSIDC报告称，至少在一个融化季节中幸存下来的更古老、更厚的北极冰层数量处于历史最低水平。冰覆盖面积更大幅度的减少可能会对生活在移动的冰网上或冰网下的动物的生活产生严重的影响，包括鱼类、海豹、北极熊等。由此可推断，作者面对北极冰的减少，对北极动物的未来感到担心。故选A。 8．What would be the best title for the passage? A．The “Last Ice Area” is on the decrease B．Small ice coverage has negative effects C．Greenhouse gases lead to global warming D．Ice­dependent species could become extinct 解析　D　标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了北极最后的海冰可能会在夏季消失，这可能会导致北极熊和其他依赖冰的物种灭绝。所以“Ice­dependent species could become extinct(依赖冰的物种可能会灭绝)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·济南高二下期末) Pay it Forward My 8­year­old granddaughter Julie bought lots of chocolates.“Would you please share your 1 with your sister？” I asked.But she said “No！” I spent some time talking to her about being generous，but wasn't sure if she was convinced.One day，we headed for the 2 ．After showing her the Chinatown and shopping at the markets，I took her to a 3 ．She was having her favourite sushi (寿司) and even tried some new 4 ． I 5 a man sitting near me having lunch.He got up to leave and upon leaving，he paid for our meal.The shop owner 6 with us if that was OK.I was deeply grateful，but he was gone before I had time to 7 him. Julie was really 8 by this and asked，“We don't really need a 9 lunch，do we？” “No，” I replied.“Pay it Forward is an art of sharing in our community.” She got this immediately，but wanted to look for a really 10 person.At the station entrance she saw a homeless woman.She raced up and 11 her our lunch money.The woman's face 12 up and she thanked Julie a lot.Julie skipped back to me.I kissed her and said，“ 13 gives you a happy heart.” I followed up with my daughter later and heard that Julie each night 14 her chocolates with her sister.What an amazing life 15 ！ I should thank the stranger who gifted us with more than a lunch. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者和外孙女朱莉通过赠送免费午餐的故事，作者认为把爱传递下去，同时也给外孙女上了神奇的一课。 1．A.meals B．sweets C．presents D．toys 解析　B　根据“My 8­year­old granddaughter Julie bought lots of chocolates.”可知，上文提到了巧克力，所以此处指分享糖果。 2．A.school B．village C．hospital D．downtown 解析　D　根据下文的“After showing her the Chinatown and shopping at the markets，”可知，带外孙女去市中心商业区。 3．A.restaurant B．supermarket C．park D．bar 解析　A　句意：带她参观了唐人街，在市场上买了东西后，我带她去了一家餐馆。根据下文的“She was having her favourite sushi (寿司)”可知，作者应该是带外孙女去了一家餐厅。 4．A.styles B．tools C．tastes D．recipes 解析　C　句意：她在吃她最喜欢的寿司，甚至尝试了一些新的口味。根据空前的“She was having her favourite sushi (寿司) and even tried some new”可知，作者带外孙女在餐厅里尝试新品味。 5．A.greeted B．caught C．watched D．noticed 解析　D　根据空后“a man sitting near me having lunch”可知，作者注意到旁边有一位男子在吃午饭。 6．A.argued B．checked C．bargained D．joked 解析　B　根据“He got up to leave and upon leaving，he paid for our meal.The shop owner 6 with us if that was OK.”可知，店主和我们核实那位男子是否可以给我们结账。 7．A.award B．recognize C．know D．thank 解析　D　根据空前的“I was deeply grateful”可知，作者对此事非常感激，想去“感谢”这个人。 8．A.annoyed B．disappointed C．shocked D．ashamed 解析　C　根据上文“I was deeply grateful，but he was gone before I had time to 7 him.”可知，作者还没来得及感谢这个男子，他已经走了，朱莉对此事感到很震惊。 9．A.free B．special C．delicious D．big 解析　A　根据上文“He got up to leave and upon leaving，he paid for our meal.”和下文“Pay it Forward is an art of sharing in our community.”可知，朱莉认为她们不需要这“免费的”午餐。 10．A.strange B．weak C．needy D．greedy 解析　C　根据下文“At the station entrance she saw a homeless woman.”可知，朱莉想把这免费的午餐送给真正需要午饭的人。 11．A.gifted B．showed C．lent D．loaned 解析　A　根据上文“Pay it Forward is an art of sharing in our community.”可知，朱莉要把午饭钱赠送给需要的人。 12．A.swelled B．lit C．went D．turned 解析　B　根据空前后“The woman's face 12 up and she thanked Julie a lot.”可知，女人得到了免费的午餐，所以脸上露出喜悦。动词短语：light up“点亮，照亮，露出喜悦”。 13．A.Courage B．Duty C．Generosity D．Wisdom 解析　C　根据上文“She raced up and 11 her our lunch money.”可知，朱莉把免费的午餐赠送给需要的人，所以这是一种“慷慨”行为。 14．A.mixed B．exchanged C．compared D．shared 解析　D　根据空前后“I followed up with my daughter later and heard that Julie each night 14 her chocolates with her sister.”可知，通过这个故事，以前不懂得分享的朱莉每天与姐姐分享巧克力。 15．A.lesson B．circle C．challenge D．aim 解析　A　根据下文“I should thank the stranger who gifted us with more than a lunch.”可知，外孙女通过这个故事学会了与人分享，所以作者认为这是神奇的一课。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$