Unit 8 Section Ⅲ Grammar(课件PPT)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 语法精讲 技能培养 01 课时作业 知能达标 03 随堂演练 巩固提升 02 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 01 语法精讲 技能培养 栏目导航 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 02 随堂演练 巩固提升 栏目导航 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 03 课时作业 知能达标 点击进入Word 栏目导航 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 谢谢观看 栏目导航 UNIT 8　GREEN LIVING 1 项目一 动词­ing和­ed形式 一、动词­ing形式 动词­ing形式是非谓语动词的一种形式，由动词原形加­ing构成，包括动词­ing形式和动名词两种。动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语；动词­ing形式在句中作状语、宾语补足语、表语和定语。 1．作定语 动词的­ing形式作定语在句中通常有两个位置，如果是单个的动词的­ing形式作定语，常放在被修饰词前作前置定语；如果是动词的­ing形式的短语作定语，常放在被修饰词后作后置定语。当­ing形式作后置定语时，相当于相应的定语从句。 (1)动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于for引导的介词短语。 No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room. 阅览室里不准大声说话。 (2)动词­ing形式作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。 A little child learning (＝who is learning) to walk often falls. 学走路的小孩常常跌跤。 There are many students waiting (＝who are waiting) to get examined. 有许多学生在等待检查。 [即学活用1] 单句语法填空/同义句转换 ①China is a　developing　(develop) country　belonging　(belong) to the third world. ②Ladies and gentlemen，please go and wait in the　meeting　(meet) room. ③That must have been a　terrifying　(terrify) experience. ④The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin. →The girl　sitting next to me　was my cousin. 2．作状语 动词­ing形式作状语时可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式和伴随状况；作方式状语和伴随状语时，可以变为并列分句；作其他状语时，可以变为相应的状语从句。 Hearing the noise，I turned around. ＝When I heard the noise，I turned around. 听到响声我转过身去。 Being poor，he couldn't afford a TV set. ＝Because he was poor，he couldn't afford a TV set. 由于贫穷，他买不起电视机。 Working hard，you'll certainly succeed. ＝If you work hard，you'll certainly succeed. 只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。 The fire lasted a whole night，causing great damage. 大火持续了一整夜，造成了巨大损失。 Mary sat by the window of the classroom，reading a book. ＝Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book. 玛丽坐在教室的窗边读书。 动词­ing形式作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果；而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，常用only to do结构。 He was caught in the rain，making himself catch a cold. 被雨淋后他感冒了。 I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday. 我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。 [即学活用2] 完成句子 ①　Being sleepy　，the boy couldn't focus on his study. 因为很困，这个男孩不能把注意力集中在学习上。 ②　Speaking in English every day　，you will master this language step by step. 每天都用英语说话，你会一步一步掌握这门语言。 ③I stared at the dark sky　thinking about　where I would belong. 凝望着漆黑的夜空，我心里思索着路在何方。 ④　Walking in the street　，I saw him. 当我在街上走时，我看到他了。 3．作宾语补足语 动词­ing形式可用在感官动词 (如hear，see，watch，find等) 或使役动词 (如leave，have，keep，get等) 后作宾语补足语，表示主动或进行意义。 (1)动词­ing形式在句子中可用作宾语补足语，句子中的宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是主动关系。 I saw a small girl standing in front of a fishbowl. 我看到一个小女孩站在鱼缸前。 (2)feel，find，hear，notice，observe，see，watch等感官动词，既可以跟动词­ing形式也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。动词­ing形式作句子中的宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行；不带to的不定式作句子中的宾语补足语，表示动作的过程。 I saw that thief getting on the train. 我看见那个贼正在上火车。 I saw the thief get on the train and disappear. 我看见那个贼上了火车，消失不见了。 My friend kept me talking on the phone for half an hour. 我的朋友让我讲了半个小时的电话。 动词­ing形式也可用在with复合结构中作宾语补足语，同样也表示主动或进行意义。 With a native villager acting as our guide，we had no trouble getting around. 有一个当地村民做我们的向导，我们四处走动没有什么困难。 [即学活用3] 完成句子 ①He saw her　working in the garden　. 他看见她正在花园里干活。 ②I could feel the wind　blowing on my face　. 我能感觉到风吹着我的脸。 ③He saw her　enter the room　. 他看见她走进屋子。 ④With so many people　looking at　her，she felt nervous. 这么多人看着她，她感到紧张。 二、动词­ed形式 动词­ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种，表示被动和完成，它具有动词的一些特点，同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能，在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。 1．作定语 单个的动词­ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前；动词­ed形式短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。 The broken vase has been thrown outside. 那个碎了的花瓶已被扔到外面去了。 I borrowed a book written (＝that/which was written) by Mark Twain from the library. 我从图书馆里借了一本马克·吐温写的书。 不及物动词的动词­ed形式作定语不表示被动，而表示完成，如： a retired worker＝a worker that has retired the fallen leaves＝the leaves that have fallen a developed country＝a country which has developed [即学活用4] 单词语法填空 ①Did you accept the invitation　given　(give) by the tour guide? ②Most of the artists　invited　(invite) to the party were from South Africa. ③The speaker answered all the questions　raised　(raise) by the audience. ④You should improve your　spoken　(speak) English. 2．作状语 动词­ed形式作状语时，动词­ed形式所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动。动词­ed形式作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随状语时通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首。 Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。(原因状语) Grown in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。(条件状语) Asked about the matter，she kept silent. 当被问及那个问题时，她默不作声。(时间状语) The old man walked into the room，supported by his son. 这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。(方式状语) He walked slowly in the forest，followed by a dog. 他在森林里慢慢地走着，后面跟着一条狗。(伴随状语) [即学活用5] 完成句子 ①　Encouraged by the progress　he has made，he works harder. 由于受到所取得的进步的鼓舞，他更努力工作了。 ②　Seen from the top of the hill　，the city looks more beautiful. 从山顶看城市，城市显得更漂亮。 ③　Given another hour　，I can also work out this problem. 若再给我一个小时，我也能解出这道题。 3．作宾语补足语 当作宾语补足语的动词和前面的宾语之间是被动关系时，一般应用动词的­ed形式作宾语补足语。 (1)及物动词 (短语) 的动词­ed形式用作宾语补足语时，宾语即是动词­ed形式的逻辑宾语，宾语和动词­ed形式之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。 When I came in，I found a strange girl seated in the corner. 我进来时，发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。 I want the letter posted.我想把这封信寄出去。 (2)少数不及物动词如 go，change，fall 等的动词­ed形式作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作完成。 When he got home，he found his wallet gone. 当他到家时，他发现钱包不见了。 [即学活用6] 完成句子 ①I saw an old man　knocked down　by a car just now. 刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。 ②I'll　have my hair cut　tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 ③I heard the song　sung in English　. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 ④Don't　leave those things undone　. 要把那些事情做完。 项目二 名词用作动词 随着人类社会的不断前进，语言也不断地向前发展，旧词少用，新词产生，语言变得越来越生动、形象，富于表现力和丰富多彩。人们常常用转化法、合成法、派生法等来创造新词。 所谓转化法，就是词类转化，或叫词性转化，即利用某些词本身固有的特点，把原属于一类词性的词转化成另一种词类，即一种词类不经过任何词态变化而有意地作另一类词使用，同时又没有失去原有词内在的意思。 一、名词用作动词的现象 在英文中，有许多“名词活用作动词”的现象。或者说，这些单词本身就有动词的意思，只是我们在学习这些单词的时候通常只接触了其名词的意思。 举个例子：man这个单词我们都知道例如单词man是人、男人的意思，但它也可以作动词，有操作、配置人员、使增强勇气、拿出男子气概等意思。 You need to man up and own up to your mistake. 你要像个男人一样承认自己的错误。 二、名词用作动词的作用 1．让语言更加简洁 比如想要表示“我坐公共汽车去上班”，可以用“I take a bus to work”也可以用“I bus to work”。 当bus作动词时既包含了乘坐这个动作，又包含了所乘坐的交通工具，所以可以帮助省略不必要的take，让说话写作更加简洁明了。 2．使语言更加生动 (1)corner名词的意思是角落、墙角，动词的意思则有转弯、垄断、使为难等等。 With this new technology, we are going to corner the market within the next two years. 有了这项新科技，我们将在未来两年垄断市场。 (2)entrance的名词解释是入口，但当它作动词时就变成了使着迷、欣喜若狂。 Her beauty entrances him.她的美丽让他痴迷。 所以如果能做到名词的动词活用，可以使英文的语句更加具有画面感。 3．使语言更加地道 要用英文表达“他著有两本畅销小说”时。可以说“He has written two best­selling novels”，但这里的write让人感觉只是“写”，而没有“著”，所以会显得不够书面，不够地道。如果用authored来取代written就可以准确地表达出句子。 [即学活用7] 写出下列加黑单词的词义 ①He intends to voyage across the Indian Ocean.　渡过　 ②She is outdoors gardening every afternoon.　做园艺　 ③Stop mothering her；she is 30 years old and can take care of herself perfectly well.　溺爱　 ④A dog was nosing at the dustbin.　嗅　 ⑤They stormed the speaker with questions.　猛攻　 ⑥He was angry and mouthed all the food on the table.　吃　 ⑦John was chosen to head the research group to do the work.　率领　 ⑧The child was eyeing the chocolate cake.　盯着看　 ⑨Smoking can cause lung cancer.　导致　 ⑩They were unwilling to back the plan.　支持　 Ⅰ.写出下列加黑单词的词义 1．The river snakes its way across the wood.　蜿蜒/曲折前行　 2．He fished out the key from his pocket.　摸索，探寻　 3．He hired a housekeeper to nurse the old house inherited from his grandfather.　看护，照料　 4．She always likes to boss people around.　管理，指挥　 5．Will you hand me the pencil please？　传递　 6．You need to skin the potatoes before cooking them.　去除皮/骨头　 7．The actors bowed as the audience applauded.　鞠躬，致敬　 8．We usually ship goods on the same day if you place the order before 4 pm.　运送　 9．Don't baby your kids；it won't benefit them in the long run.　 溺爱，娇惯　 10．I got up late this morning, so I had to wolf my breakfast to avoid being late for class.　狼吞虎咽　 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Although it was just a hug, it meant a lot to me,　filling　(fill) me with great joy. 2．The house　built　(build) 100 years ago still stood there after the earthquake. 3．　Putting　(put) on his clothes, Bill went out in a hurry. 4．　Arriving　(arrive) home，he found the door locked. 5．While　waiting　(wait) at the dentist's home，I read a short story. 6．The teacher stood there，　surrounded　(surround) by many students. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．　The excited people　finally cooled down. 激动的人们终于冷静下来。 2．　Seeing those pictures　，he couldn't help thinking of those days in Yan'an. 当他看到那些图片时，就禁不住想起了在延安的那些日子。 3．She ran up to me，　with her hair flying　in the wind. 她跑向我，她的头发在风中飞舞。 4．Although　warned of danger ，tourists can't help taking photos near the river. 尽管被警告有危险，但是游客还是忍不住在河边拍照片。 5．When I came in, I saw him sitting in the sofa　lost in thought　. 当我进来时，我看到他坐在沙发上陷入了深思。 6．The children　are really excited about　going to the zoo. 要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。 7．In autumn there are many　fallen leaves　on the ground. 秋天地上有许多落叶。 $$