Unit 2 Natural Disasters 单元同话题真题训练-【万向思维·高考快递】2024-2025学年高中练习生英语必修第三册（译林版2020）

Unit 2 Natural disasters 高考专题大建构 ●答案见DI8 |.阅读理解 A 主题语境人与自然一雕塑艺术与海洋塑料污染语篇类型说明文词数274关键词sculpture,plastic garbage [2021全国乙卷]You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans-一between4.8andI2.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year.But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does.He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage,forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products. At the beginning of the year,the artist built a piece called "Strawpocalypse",a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves,frozen mid-crash.Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups,the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam. Just 9%of global plastic waste is recycled.Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source( of plastic pollution,but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and,because of their small size and weight,they cannot be recycled.Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes.Once the drink is gone,the straw will take centuries to disappear. In a piece from 2018,Von Wong wanted to illustrate(a specific statistic:Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean.For this work,titled "Truckload of Plastie",Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic,which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped()from a truck all at once. Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. 1.What are Von Wong's artworks intended for? A.Beautifying the city he lives in. B.Introducing eco-friendly products. C.Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D.Reducing garbage on the beach. 2.Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3? A.To show the difficulty of their recycling. B.To explain why they are useful. C.To voice his views on modern art. D.To find a substitute for them. 1141111110 W 高考快递·练习生 高中英语·必修第三册·YL 3.What effect would "Truckload of Plastie"have on viewers? A.Calming. B.Disturbing. C.Refreshing. D.Challenging. 4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.Artists'Opinions on Plastic Safety B.Media Interest in Contemporary Art C.Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies D.Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures B 主题语境人与自然一人类进化以适应自然环境语篇类型锐明文词数258关键词evolution,mutation [2020全国卷Ⅲ]We are the products of evolution,and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago.As scientists look deeper into our genes(),they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes.Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation()that helps them digest milk as adults. On Thursday in an article published in Cell,a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation-not to air or to food,but to the ocean.A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers.The Bajau,as these people are known,number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia,Malaysia and the Philippines.They have traditionally lived on houseboats;in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts()in coastal waters."They are simply a stranger to the land," said Rodney C.Jubilado,a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau. Dr.Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines.They made a living as divers,spearfishing or harvesting shellfish."We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,"Dr.Jubilado said."I could see them actually walking under the sea.” In 2015,Melissa llardo,then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen,heard about the Bajau.She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them."It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,"said Dr.Ilardo.She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. 5.What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1? A.Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B.New knowledge of human evolution. 1111421 Unit 2 Natural disasters C.Recent findings of human origin. D.Significance of food selection. 6.Where do the Bajau build their houses? A.In valleys. B.Near rivers. C.On the beach. D.Off the coast. 7.Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau? A.They could walk on stilts all day. B.They had a superb way of fishing. C.They could stay long underwater. D.They lived on both land and water. 8.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B.Highlanders'Survival Skills C.Basic Methods of Genetic Research D.The World's Best Divers ‖.语法填空 主题语境人与社会一言人徒步穿越古丝绸之路语篇类型记叙文词数246关键词 visually-challenged,the Belt and Road route [2022全国甲卷]A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步)40 days to Xi'an,as a first step 1. (journey)the Belt and Road route(路线)by foot. On the 1,100-kilometer journey,the man Cao Shengkang,2. lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident,crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 3. hold)in Beijing,Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (to the ancient Silk Road.4. friend of his,Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road,in order to promote environmental 5. protect).Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 6. meaning).The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day jourey. In the last five years,Cao 7. walk)through 34 countries in six continents,and in 2016,he reached the top of Kilimanjaro,Africa's 8. (high)mountain. Now,Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route.He flew 4,700 kilometers 9. Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept.20,10. plan)to hike back to Xi'an in five months. 1143111110高考快递·练习生 高中英语·必修第三册·YL 二段可就此展开叙述 horrible and severe typhoon hit your hometown and your house is 2续写线索 in ruins now.I am writing to extend sincere pity and eare for you. 被拍肩膀—被说服去女士家—吃晚餐—发现其他 You must have suffered a lot from the accident.However,if 被救助的人一在女土家过夜一 -洪水退去后离开 you are brave enough not to cry,it is admirable.Anyway,it can't 留下感谢的话。 be better if you can lift your spirits to face up to the results. 3.词类激活 Moreover,we will spare no effort to help you.We've made a ①行为类 donation of some money,expecting it can help you go through the 说服某人做某事：persuade sb to do sth/persuade sb into difficulty.As for the lessons you have missed,I am willing to doing sth help you make them up.Remember,we won't be far away. 保证：guarantee/assure Hope you can have your troubles removed soon. 感动：move/ouch Yours sincerely. ②情绪类 Li Hua 高兴的：glad/delighted/pleased 佳句青诵 舒适的：cozy/comfortable 1.However,if you are brave enough not to cry,it is 感激的：thankful/grateful/appreciative admirable..但是，如果你有足够的勇气不哭泣，这是令人 。参考范文 钦佩的。 After half an hour or so.I felt a touch on my shoulder.The 2.Anyway,it can't be better if you can lift your spirits to face lady living nearby eame with her brother.They persuaded us to ap to the results.无论如何，如果你能振作精神，面对这 follow them.We were pleased to meet the family.Grateful for 个结果，那再好不过了。 everything,we assured them that we would leave as soon as the flood receded.However,the family insisted that we have dinner 高考专题大建构 which was being cooked for us.Much to our surprise,we met around 12 other people,who had been accommodated just like we were. 语高导读)面对严峻的海洋塑料污染，艺术家Benjamin Von We didn't want further favors,but the family seemed to sense Wong道过其艺术作品“Strawpocalypse”和“Truckload of our must to spend the night.Despite our hesitation,they brought Plastic'”呼唤人们对塑料拉圾多加关注。 in carpets and mats,spread them out and asked us to make 1.C考查推理判断。本题询问Von Wong的艺术作品的目 ourselves comfortable.We were simply touched by their 的是什么。根据题干中的关键信息Von Wong's artworks找 kindness.At about 4 a.m.,the flood finally started to recede. 到第一段中的“Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know Extremely relieved at this,we started heading out.Not wanting to that it does.He builds massive sculptures out of plastic disturb our sleeping hosts,we quietly slipped a thank-you note garbage,forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to under their door and left. single-use plastic products.(艺术家Benjamin Von Wong想 写作任务大突破 让你知道它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造了巨大的雕塑， 使观看者重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”。由 ◆写作指导 此可推知，Von Wong的艺术作品旨在引起公众对塑料垃 本篇书面表达要求考生以班长的身份给同班同学王刚 圾的关注。故选C。 写一封慰问信，就其家乡遭受台风袭击表达安慰和关心，并 2.A考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Pla=tic straws are by 提供帮助。 no means the biggest source (of plastic pollution,but 考生在写作中需要注意以下几点： they've recently come under fire because most people don't 1.人称：以第一人称为主： need them to drink with and,beeause of their small size and 2.时态：以一般现在时为主： weight,they cannot be recyeled.”可知，塑料吸管最近已经 3.结构：分三部分一第一部分对王刚家乡遭受台风袭 受到了抨击，由于它们体积小并且重量轻，所以不能被回 击一事表示慰问：第二部分表示自己可以为对方在灾后生活 收利用。故选A。 中提供哪方面的帮助：第三部分表达希望对方的生活尽快恢 3.B考查推理判断。本题询问艺术作品“Truckload of 复正常。 Plastic”对观看者有什么影响。根据第四段的内容可知，在 2018年的一件作品中，Von Wong想说明这一明确的统计 。参考范文 数据：每60秒，一卡车的塑料就会进入海洋。由此可知， Dear Wang Gang, 他创作的“Truekload of Plastie”"是为了引起观看者的不安 Words failed me to convey my worry when I heard that a 与恐慌，进而呼吁人们关注塑料垃圾污染问题。故选B。 D18英语 参考答案及超详思路 4.D考查主旨大意。艺术家Benjamin Von Wong通过其艺 kind of adaptation-not to air or to food,but to the ocean. 术作品，呼吁人们关注塑料垃圾污染问题，文章详细介绍 及下文巴瑶族人的例子可知，文章主要介绍了人类进化以 了他的两件作品“Strawpocalypse”和"Truckload of Plastie”。 适应海洋生活的相关内容。故A项正确。 由此可知，本文主要讲述的是被转变成雕塑的海洋塑料。 1.语篇导读》本文讲速了一位育人一曹晟康，徒步穿越古 故选D。 丝鋼之路并在沿途做环保工作的经历。 ⊙：技巧点拨如何解答主旨大意题一主题句定位法 1.to journey考查固定搭配。a first step to do sth为固定搭 (1)主题句出现在文首 配，意为“做某事的第一步”。所给词journey在句中作动 开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释或支撑主 词，意为“旅行”，故填to journey。 2.w0考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处 题句所表达的中心思想是英语中常见的写作方式 演锋法，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证。主 所在句为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Cao Shengkang。 该定语从句缺少主语，且先行词指人，需用wo来引导该 题句一般出现在段首。新闻报道道常果用这种写法。 定语从句，故填who。 新间报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，导语实际上就 3.held考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句已有谓 是主题句，是对全文内客的高度概括。主旨大意题一般 语动词，故空处应填所给动词的非谓语动词形式。所给词 可在第一句话找到答题依据」 hold与其逻辑主语“the Belt and Road Form for (2)主题句出现在文尾 International Cooperation"之间是动宾关系，故填held。 在描述细节后，归纳要，点、结论、建议或结果，以概 4.A考查冠词。句意：他的一个叫吴凡的朋友自愿在旅行 括主题是英语中常见的写作方式一归纳法，即表述细 期间成为他的旅伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个 节的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于 朋友”，且空后的名词id的发音以辅音音素开头，所以 较末。 空处应填不定冠词：空处位于句首，所填词的首字母要大 (3)主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句 写，故填A。 间读这样的文章时，要求考生根据文章的细节来分 5.protection考查名词。空前是形容词environmental, 析、概括出段落的主题，从而推出文章的主旨。先卉清 environmental应修饰名词，故填所给词protect的名词形式 文章主要讲了哪儿个方面的内容，这些内客在逐辑上有 protection 什么联系，然后通过分析、归纳总结主题 6.meaningful考查形容词。此处为“make+宾语+宾补 本题属于第三种情况：中心主题隐含在全文之中，没 (形容词)”结构，空处应填所给词的形容词形式，故填 有明确的主题句。所以，这就需要考生自己提炼主题。 neaningful。 B 7.has walked 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结 语篇导读)本文以巴摇族为例，介绍了人类的基因为适应环 构可知，空处应填该句的谓语动词。根据空前的时间状语 境而发生的改变以及人们的生活方式。 “In the last five years”可知，句子应用现在完成时，且主语 5.B考查写作意图。根据第一段可知.人类是进化的产物 Co表示单数意义，故填has walked。. 而且不仅仅是发生在数十亿年前的进化（的产物）。随着 ⊙技巧点拨根据时间状语来确定句子的谓语动词 科学家深入研究人类的基因，他们发现了人类在过去几千 在该句中，考生根据and后的“im20l6,he reached 年里进化的例子。作者想通过第一段的例子告诉我们关 the top of Kilimanjaro”客易误认为空处所在句也应用一 于人类进化的新知识。故B项正确。 般过去时，但是由空前的时间状语“In the last five 6.D考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“in recent times, yea”可知，空处所在句应该用现在完成时。 they've also built houses on stilts(支柱)in coastal waters可 8.highest考查形容词的最高级。此处表示乞力马扎罗山 知，巴瑶族人把房子建在沿海水域的支柱上。故D项 是非洲最高的山。由此可知，此空应用hgh的最高级形 正确。 式，故填highest。. 7.C考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“·We were s0 amazed 9.from考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从西安飞了4700千 that they could stay underwater much longer than us local 米到达喀什葛尔，计划在5个月内徒步返回西安。“om. islanders,'Dr.Jubilado said."可知，Jubilado博士对巴瑶族 o“为固定搭配，意为“从…到…”，故填fmm。 人感到惊讶的原因是他们可以在水下待很长时间。故C 10.planning考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句 项正确。 已有谓语动词1w,故空处应填所给动词的非谓语动词 8.A考查主旨大意。根据第二段第一句"On Thursda四vin an 形式，且主语He和所给动词plan之间是逻辑上的主谓 article published in Cell,a team of researchers reported a new 关系，故填planning. 英语D19