专题01 必修第三册Unit 1～Unit 2（期末复习知识清单）高一英语下学期译林版

专题01 必修第三册Unit1~Unit2单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 1 Nature in the balance 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. n. 土壤；国土，领土，土地 2. adj.海外的，国外的 adv.在海外，向国外 3. n. 地区，区域；行政区 4. num.一百万；许多，大量 5. n. (pl.species)种，物种 6. prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上 7. n. 大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，广泛的 8. adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的 9. adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n. 生计，谋生；生活方式 10. n. 影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 11. vt.& n. 损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 12. n. 气候；倾向，风气 13. n. 奖章，勋章 14. n. 生活环境，栖息地 15. adv.无处，哪里都不 16. n. 首领，最高领导人 adj.主要的；首席的 17. vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 n. 抗议，反对 18. n. 利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处 19. n. 政策，方针；原则 20. n. (政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支 21. n. 策略，行动计划；策划，部署 22. vt.回收利用，再利用 23. adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的 24. n. 官员，要员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的 二、单词拓展 1. n. & vt.伤害，损害→ adj.有害的→ adj.无害的 2. adj.长的→ n. 长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→ v. 加长 3. v. 变化→ n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→ adj.各种不同的，各种各样的 4. vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→ n. 幸存；生还→ n. 幸存者 5. vi.出现→ vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→ n. 消失 6. n. 农业，农学→ adj.农业的；农艺的 7. n. 球体；地球→ adj.全球的；全面的 8. v. 应用；申请；涂；有关；运用→ n. 应用，运用；申请→ n. 申请人 9. vt.组织→ n. 组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→ n. 组织者→ adj.有组织的；有条理的 10. adj.绝对的，完全的→ adv.绝对地，完全地；极其 11. adj.完全的→ adv.完全地，全部地，完整地 12. vt.保护；防御；辩白→ (AmE defense)n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→ adj.防御性的；自我保护的 13. n. 经济→ adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→ adj.节约的；经济的→ n. 经济学家→ n. 经济学 14. vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n. 毒物，毒药→ adj.有毒的 15. n. 结果，后果；重要性→ adj.随之发生的→ adv.因此；结果 16. n. 贫穷，贫困；贫乏→ adj. 贫穷的 三、常考一词多义熟词生义 1.track 常用义 生义 n. 足迹，轨迹，小径 We saw wild animals’ tracks near the cave. We guessed they may be deer’s. 我们在洞穴附近看到了野生动物的足迹。我们猜测它们可能是鹿的。 vt. The research project involves tracking the careers of 400 graduates. 该研究项目涉及跟踪400名毕业生的职业生涯。 2.process 常用义 生义 n. 过程 Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that this step I s a necessary process.无论何时无论怎样记笔记，要牢记这一步是必要的过程。 vt. Brazil began importing soybeans to process at home. 巴西开始进口大豆在国内加工。 3. branch 常用义 生义 n. 分支 Spreading out before me, branches of the Rapa River flow through the valley below.拉帕河的支流在我面前展开，流经下面的山谷。 n. Representatives of the other branches were against the new strategy其他政府部门的代表反对这项新战略 四．单元短语 1. 相应地，转而；轮流，依次 2. 使分解(为)，使变化(成) 3. 给……带来起色，注入活力 4. 由于，因为 5. 逐渐增加，扩大 6. 想出，想到 7. (公开)要求；需要 8. 突然记起(或想到) 9. 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 10. 使发生(或存在)；引起 五．单元佳句 1．句式：倍数表达法 【教材】With an area of around 6 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest is 亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。 2．句式：完全倒装 【教材】 the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. 在那上面是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。 3．句式：so +助动词+主语 【教材】As the human population continues to grow， 随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 六．单元语法 省略 为了避免重复,或为了使句子更简练,在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分,这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。 [观察例句]注意划线的省略成分 1.You can watch it online if you want to(watch it).  2.I felt worried when (I was) watching the documentary.  3.Some call for the application of modern technology, and others (call for) a change of lifestyle.  4.(Have you) Got any ideas?  5.(That/It) Sounds great! [归纳用法] 一、简单句中的省略 1.省略主语:一般情况下,主语是不能省略的,但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下,特别是在口语中,主语常常省略,主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。 (You) Open the door, please! 请开门! (You) Give a lift? 需要帮忙吗? 2.省略宾语:当上下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时,下句或后句常省略宾语。 —Do you know the mascots of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games? —Of course I know ( the mascots of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games). ——你知道北京冬奥会的吉祥物吗?——我当然知道。 3.省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分):在某些具体的场合下,主语和谓语都很明确,此时为了简化或显得亲切等,可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略,只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。 (There is) No parking.禁止停车。 (You come) This way, please.请这边走。 二、并列句中的省略 　　在由and或but连接的并列句中,常省略一些重复的词或词组。 1.省略共同的主语或宾语。 He is interested in insects and (he) has collected many samples of them. 他对昆虫感兴趣,搜集了很多标本。 2.若主语不同,而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同,则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。 My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a teacher.我的父亲是一名医生,母亲是一名教师。 3.若主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面的主谓成分。 His suggestion made me happy, but (his suggestion made) Jim angry. 他的建议使我高兴,却使吉姆生气。 4.若主语不同,但主要动词及后续部分相同,则省略主要动词及后续部分。 I have a knowledge of the length of the river but he doesn’t (have a knowledge of the length of the river). 我知道这条河流的长度,但他不知道。 三、复合句中的省略 1.状语从句的省略。 在when, while, if, as if, though, although, as, until, once, whether, unless, whenever等连接的状语从句中,当从句主语与主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时,则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。 While (I was)working, I realized how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.工作的时候,我意识到在烈日下的田野里工作是多么辛苦。 You should stay where you are, unless (you are) asked to leave.你应待在你现在的地方不动,除非叫你离开。 Whenever (it is) possible, they would stop him and ask him the three questions.只要有可能,他们就拦住他并问他这三个问题。 The boy talked to us as if (he were) a grown-up.男孩就像成年人一样和我们交谈。 【知识拓展】 (1)省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系,则使用现在分词;若构成被动关系,则使用过去分词;若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生,则使用不定式。 (2)在than, as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。 They don’t use more water than(it is)necessary.他们使用的水没有超出需要量。 It took three times as long as (it was) expected. 这花了预期时间的三倍。 2.定语从句的省略。 (1)在限制性定语从句中,作宾语用的关系代词whom,which,that可省略(但whom,which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。 The Chinese women’s football team deserve the honor and reward (that/which) they won for their outstanding performances in the Asian Cup.中国女足队员因在亚洲杯上的出色表现而获得荣誉和奖励是当之无愧的。 (2)修饰way的关系词that/in which可以省略。 The way（in which/ that）he speaks to us is really surprising.他对我们讲话的方式真是让人惊讶。 3.宾语从句的省略。 　　及物动词后接宾语从句时,连接词that一般可以省略;但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句,那么只有第一个that可以省略。 I truly believe (that) beauty comes from within.我真的相信美丽来自内心。 He says (that) many rare species are in danger of extinction and that we should take effective measures to protect them. 他说,许多稀有物种正处于灭绝的危险之中,我们应该采取有效措施来保护它们。 四、其他的省略情况 1.动词不定式的省略。 (1)当不定式在形容词afraid, anxious, eager, glad, happy, ready, willing等后作状语时,to后的内容常省略。 —Will you go with me to see the film tonight? ——今晚你愿意和我去看电影吗? —I’ll be glad to (go with you to see the film).——我愿意。 (2)某些使役动词,如make, let, have等和感官动词,如see, watch, notice, observe, hear等后面作宾语补足语的不定式须省略to,但若这些动词用于被动语态,则to不省略。 We often hear her sing English songs in the classroom.我们经常听到她在教室里唱英文歌。 The boy was noticed to enter the office.男孩被(人)注意到进入了办公室。 (3)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时,常可省略。常见的动词有agree,afford,expect,forget,hope,know,manage,pretend,remember,refuse,want,wish,would like等。 I would do it for you, but I don’t know how to (do it for you).我愿意为你做这件事,但是我不知怎么去做。 (4)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语补足语时,常可省略。常见的动词有tell, ask, allow, permit, expect, wish, want, order, require, encourage, persuade等。 Don’t touch the equipment unless your teacher allows you to (touch the equipment).除非老师允许,否则不要碰这些设备。 (5)介词but, except (除了) 前有实义动词do的某种形式时,后面的不定式不带to。 We have nothing to do but (to) wait.我们现在除了等别无选择。 【易错提示】 省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时,to后要保留原形的have或be。 He didn’t come to the meeting yesterday, but he ought to have.昨天他没来参加会议,但他应该来。 2.使用so,not等时的省略。 在英语中,可以用so,not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 —Is he coming back tonight?他今晚回来吗? —I think so/not.我认为会回来(不会回来)。 3.介词的省略。 　　一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略,而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构: ①have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. ②be busy (in) doing sth. ③spend some time (in) doing sth. ④stop/prevent sb.(from) doing sth. 七．单元写作 写一篇保护动物的倡议书 保护环境、保护濒危野生动植物是高考常见话题,以此为话题的多为新闻报道。主要内容一般有环境或野生动植物的现状、出现这种现状的原因,以及提出改进的措施。 时态应以一般现在时为主，人称以第一人称为主。 [基本框架] 开头：引出话题； 主体：原因以及措施； 结尾：发出倡议。 [常用词块] (1)需要保护动物的现状 ①变得越来越严重　　get more and more serious ②处于濒临灭绝的危险 be in danger of extinction ③被残忍杀害 be killed without mercy (2)保护动物的原因 ④给……造成损害 do/cause damage to ⑤把……兑换成…… exchange...for... ⑥获利 make profits (3)保护动物的措施 ⑦提高……的意识 raise the awareness of ⑧意识到 be/become aware of ⑨呼吁某人做某事 call on/call for/appeal to sb.to do sth. ⑩采取行动/措施 take action/measures [常用语句] ★精彩开头 ①It’s a fact that ….. …,这是个事实。 ②…. due to humans’ killing. 由于人类的捕杀,….。 ③As is shown in the chart,…. 如图表所示,…。 ★正文佳句 ④The reason why the number of animal species is decreasing is that…. 动物物种数量减少的原因是…。 ⑤It is because of…..正是由于….。 ⑥It’s wrong to…..…是错误的。 ★余味结尾 ⑦Only if we take some drastic measures can …..我们只有采取一些有力措施,才能….。 ⑧Everybody should raise the awareness that it’s our duty to ….每个人都应该增强…是我们的责任的意识。 ⑨I make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to…..我急切呼吁应该采取措施…。 倡议书 假定你是李华，刚刚加入世界自然基金会（WWF），请你以How to protect sharks为题，写一篇倡议书，号召人们保护鲨鱼。内容包括：1. 鲨鱼现状； 2. 如何保护 ； 3. 发出倡议。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Unit 1 Nature in the balance 一、判断下列句子中break down/ track/ branch的含义。 1. If George keeps on working so hard, he’ll break down sooner or later.________ 2. What is known to us all is that the bacteria that live in the soil help to break down our wastes.________ 3. One night in the pouring rain, Tawny Nelson’s car broke down on the road.________ 4. Attempts must be made to break down the barrier between the two communities.________ 5. Eva was shocked when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside. ________________ 从A、B、C、D四个选项中为每个句子中的黑体词选择正确含义。 A. 树枝(n.)  B. 分支机构(n.)  C. 分支(学科)(n.)  D. 分岔(v.) 6. The branch of the oak tree broke during the storm and fell onto the driveway. ______ 7. The bank has opened a new branch in the city center to better serve customers. ______ 8. Linguistics is a fascinating branch of science that studies language structure and use. ______ 9. The river branches into two smaller streams near the valley. ______ 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. In order to maintain physical health and stay energetic, we all need (various) in our diet. 2. They also hope to (far) educate people about the importance of safeguarding historic and cultural relics for future generations. 3. These normally harmless substances (物质) combine to form a highly (poison) gas. 4. The audience was (absolute) attracted by the performance. 5. This new teaching (apply) makes abstract grammar rules easier to understand. 6. It’s our duty to protect these animals from (extinct). 7. Due the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism. 8. Along the path stand many (tower) trees that protect us from the sun. 9. According to some records, the largest ships in Zheng He’s voyage were over 140 meters in (long), demonstrating the advanced technology in constructing ships. 10. She broke in tears when she heard the news. 11. Rare sea turtles along the coastal reserve (track) through satellite tags last month, offering valuable data for protecting their nesting sites.   12. The moment I saw Robin, the days when we were together on the island immediately sprang mind. 13. Although the two books are on similar topics, they are (entire) different in style and audience. 14. Many international organizations help people living in extreme (poor) in remote mountain areas. 15. All in all, these two (strategy) are sure to help with fear of public speaking. 16. Today the organization has (branch) in 90 countries in all five continents. 17. The local government doesn’t have to sacrifice (牺牲) environmental protection to promote (economy) growth. 18. Remember to put (recycle) materials like glass bottles and newspapers in the blue bin. 19. Many medical experts are working hard in (defend) of people’s health. 20. Based on the facts, the government will make an (office) announcement (公告) . 三、完成句子。 1．山脚下坐落着一个宁静的村庄。（完全倒装/lie） __________________________________________________________________ 2．杰西卡付出了以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。(倍数表达法) Jessica devoted ________ she did before, so I believe she will succeed this time. 3．你努力学习英语，Tom也是这样。（so+助动词+主语） You work hard at English，and_____________________________. Unit 2 Natural disasters 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公5 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. n. 灾难，灾害；彻底失败 2. n. 碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃 vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃 3. vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n. 信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 4. vt.& vi.出去，离去，退场；退出 n. 出口，通道；离开 5. adj.有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的 6. n. 名单；卷；一管；翻滚 vi.& vt.翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起 7. vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准 8. vt.拥抱，搂抱；抱紧 9. n. 程序，步骤，手续 10. adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的 11. vi.发生，出现；存在于 12. n. 会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈 13. n. 慈善机构(或组织)；慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容 14. n. 全体职工；管理人员 vt.在……工作，任职于 15. n. 幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩 vi.& vt.滑行；逐渐陷入 16. adv.在楼下，往楼下 n. 楼下 17. n. 文件，公文；(计算机中的)文档 18. adv.否则，不然；除此以外 19. n. 目的地，终点 20. n. 酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏杆；障碍 vt.封；阻挡；阻止 21. n. 黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽 vi.开始；开始清楚 22. adv.在(或向)较远处，在另一边 prep.在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外 23. n. 图案，花样；模式；范例；模型 24. n. 柱，圆柱；柱状物；栏；专栏；队，列 25. n. & vt.救援，营救，抢救 二、单词拓展 1. vt.伤害，使受伤；损害→ n. 伤害→ adj.受伤的 2. n. 反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应→ vi.反应 3. n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→ vt.减轻；缓和 4. adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的，破坏(或毁灭)性的→ v. 破坏→ n. 破坏 5. vt.了解，熟悉；通知→ n. 信息→ adj.有学问的；有见识的 6. n. 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊；使气愤→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的 7. vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n. 恐慌；惊吓→ adj.害怕的→ adj.恐怖的，吓人的 8. n. 电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量→ adj.强有力的；强大的；有权势的→ adj.无力的；无能的 9. vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)→ n. 捐赠 10. adj.好奇的；奇特的→ n. 好奇，好奇心→ adv.好奇地；奇怪地 11. vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生→ n. 爆发 12. adj.难耐的，无法忍受的→ adj.可以忍受的→ vt.忍受 13. n. 遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→ adj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的 14. adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的→ adv.急剧地；锋利地→ vt.使锋利 15. vi.& vt.退休，退职；退出(房间、比赛等)→ n. 退休 16. n. 港口，避风港；港口城市→ n. 进口产品，输入的产品；输入 vt.进口，引进→ n. 出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 vt.出口，输出 17. vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于) → n. 位置 三、常考一词多义熟词生义 1.supply 常用义 生义 vt.供给，供应 The media supplies lots of information to us every day. 媒体每天给我们提供大量的信息。 n. It was said that the refugees had run out of the supplies. 据说难民们的给养已经用完了。 In China，there is a plentiful supply of cheap labour. 在中国，廉价劳动力供应充足。 2.flood 常用义 生义 n. 洪水，水灾 vt.淹没 The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country. 大雨在这个国家的许多地方造成了洪水。 The villagers were frightened to see that the river would burst its bank and flood their village. 村民们看到河水会决堤，淹没他们的村庄，都吓坏了。 n. vi. vi. Floods of people come to the West Lake to admire the beautiful scenery every year. 每年都有大批的人来西湖欣赏美丽的风景。 Refugees continued to flood into neighbouring countries，leading to great panic. 难民继续涌入邻国，造成极大的恐慌。 I felt happiness and relief flooding over me after my son came home from the front. 儿子从前线回来后，我感到一阵幸福和宽慰。 3. power 常用义 生义 n. 权力 After he came to power, the man devoted most of his time to society work. 他上台掌权后，便将大部分的时间投身于社会公益事业。 n. Please remember to cut off the power or it may lead to fire. 请记得切断电源，否则会引起火灾。 四．单元短语 1. 整个，全部 2. 安然无恙的 3. 被想到，浮现在脑中 4. (在困境中)保持冷静 5. 用完，耗尽 6. 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式 7. 突然开始，爆发 8. 到处，各处 9. 抓紧，不放开；(替别人或更长时间地)保存某物 五．单元佳句 1．句式：in case引导目的状语从句 【教材】At the same time，Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door， during the shaking and could not open. 与此同时，布朗女士立刻打开教室门，以防门在震动中损坏，打不开了。 2．句式：the moment引导时间状语从句，动词不定式作定语 【教材】 ，Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class . 晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。 3．句式：leave＋宾语＋宾补 【教材】NEWDALE—On 20 December，a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and 纽代尔——12月20日，由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速冲过金海岸附近海域，造成数千人死亡。 六．单元语法 动词不定式作定语和结果状语 　动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式标志,没有词义。 [观察例句]注意动词不定式的成分 1.Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life. 2.Although there is no way to prevent a typhoon, you can get prepared for it. 3.The roads were blocked, so there was nothing for me to do but stay inside. 4.That morning, I turned on the TV for some local news, only to hear that a hurricane was on its way. 5.I looked out of the window, only to see huge trees lying across the street and water everywhere! [归纳用法] 1. 动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词,放于所修饰的词后,为后置定语。这类名词有chance, way, opportunity, right, dream, ambition, time, power, ability, attempt, promise, wish, plan, decision, tendency, failure等。 I am so busy that I have no time to inform him of the incident in detail. 我是如此忙以至于我没有时间详细地告诉他这个事情。 I have the power to call on others to donate money to charities.我有能力号召其他人捐钱给慈善机构。 【易错提示】 (1)如果不定式的动词与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,并且该动词是不及物动词,则需要加上适当的介词或副词与前面的名词相呼应。但place, time, way后不定式的介词常省略。 (2)序数词后常用不定式作后置定语。 The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。 Yang Yang is the first Chinese athlete to win a gold medal in the Winter Olympics.杨扬是中国第一个在冬奥会上获得金牌的运动员。 二、动词不定式作结果状语 1.动词不定式表示结果时,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。结果状语常常只限于learn(得知),find(发现),see,hear,to be told(被告知),make(使得),turn out to be 等具有界限含义的动词。 He returned home to learn his daughter had just been rescued.他回家后得知女儿刚刚被救了。 I rushed to the station only to be told that the train had already left.我冲到车站,结果被告知火车已经开走了。 2.动词不定式作结果状语的特殊结构。 only to do结构表示意外的结果。 He worked hard, only to be informed that he was fired.他努力工作,最终却被告知他被解雇了。 too...to...结构。 The old man was too poor to donate a lot of money to the flooded area.这个老人太穷了,不能捐很多钱给洪水受灾地区。 so...as to...结构。 He was so curious about the box as to open it without permission.他对那个盒子太好奇了,未经允许就把它打开了。 enough to do结构。 The girl is not old enough to go downstairs by herself.这个女孩年龄不够大,不能自己下楼。 七．单元写作 读后续写：被自然灾害困住的一家人的故事 本单元的写作任务是续写被自然灾害困住的一家人的故事。进行续写时要注意下面几点： 1．通读全文，把握全文的核心内容； 2．明确故事中的人物关系； 3．明确故事中的主要事件； 4．对故事的发展进行合理推测。 写作时注意故事的要素和合理性。 1．主体时态：文章应以一般过去时为主。 2．主体人称：由于是描述一家人的故事，所以人称应该以第三人称为主。 [常用词块] 1． hide oneself掩饰自己 2． after a while过了一会儿 3． fall asleep入睡 4． n a hurry匆忙地i 5． be filled with.../be full of... 装满…… 6． roll down滚落下来 [常用表达] 1．Mary's mother continued to comfort her... 2．Hearing the knock on the door，Mary's father... 3．Some people rushed in the house the moment... 4．They tried their best to get them out of the house... 5．Moved by the firefighters，the whole family... 6．What you did really made a difference to others' life. 读后续写 A little girl whose parents had died lived with her grandmother and slept in an upstairs bedroom. One night there was a fire in the house and the grandmother died while trying to rescue the child. The fire spread quickly, and the situation was terrible. Neighbours called the fire department, then stood helplessly by, unable to enter the house because flames blocked all the entrances. The little girl appeared at an upstairs window, crying for help, just as word spread among the crowd that the fire- fighters would be delayed a few minutes because they were all at another fire. Suddenly, a man appeared with a ladder, put it up against the side of the house and disappeared inside. When he reappeared, he had the little girl in his arms. He delivered the child to the waiting arms below, then disappeared into the night. An investigation revealed that the child had no living relatives, and weeks later a meeting was held in the town hall to determine who would take the child into their home and bring her up. A teacher said she would like to raise the child. She pointed out that she could ensure her a good education. A farmer offered her an upbringing (教养) on his farm. He pointed out that living on a farm was healthy and satisfying. Others spoke, giving their reasons why it was to the child's advantage to live with them. Finally, the town's richest resident rose and said, “I can give this child all the advantages that you have mentioned here, plus money and everything that money can buy.” Throughout all this, the child remained silent, her eyes on the floor. “Does anyone else want to speak?” asked the meeting chairman. A man came forward from the back of the hall. He walked slowly and appeared to be in pain. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答。 When he got to the front of the hall, he stood directly in front of the little girl and held out his arms. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When asked her choice, the girl gave people the reasons firmly. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Unit 2 Natural disasters 根据语境选出加黑词汇的词性和词义 A. n. 信号     B. vi. 发信号, 用信号示意    C. vt.(用言语或行动)表明, 表示    D. vt. 标志, 证明 1. The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don’t flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. 2. In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling. 3. The lengthening days signal the end of winter. 4. Both sides have signalled their willingness to start cooperation. power  A. 电力(n.)  B. 权力(n.)  C. 供电(v.)  D. 关闭(电源)(v.) 5. Solar power is a clean and renewable source of energy. ________ 6. The government has the power to ban single-use plastics. ________ 7. The wind was strong enough to power the entire village. ________ 8. Please power down your computer when you are not using it. ________ 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. When I told him what happened, his immediate (react) was one of shock. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2. Cutting down many trees has a (destroy) effect on the local ecosystem. 3. With food and medicine sent to the flooded area, they all let out a sigh of (relieve). 4. It (confirm) that the rescue workers unearthed three survivors from ruins this morning. 5. The landscape is a true feast for the eyes with its (roll) green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. 6. We’ll keep you (inform) of the program’s progress. 7. The car accident resulted in a serious head . The driver was severely and rushed to the hospital. The other vehicle’s faulty brakes several passengers as well. (injure) 8. A profound realization (occur) to me as I watched the sunrise: I had never truly appreciated the beauty of my own hometown before. 9. You need to find what interests you, you will gradually lose motivation. 10. Moreover, Guizhou has introduced many guidance (document) to provide political support for big data development, providing more innovation and start-up opportunities. 11. Due to (curious), he squeezed himself into the crowd to see what had happened. 12. As it was raining heavily, the farmers helplessly watched the crops (flood). 13. She caught sight of a car in the (distant). 14. The ancient site (unearth) now may hold priceless historical information about a lost civilization. 15. The summer heat in this city is almost (bear), forcing many residents to stay indoors during the daytime. 16. It urges you to grow and evolve, to go the limitations of your lower self. 17. It is reported that China (export) a lot of fruits and flowers to many different countries every year. 18. The beautiful Li River and its amazing scenery is one of the most well-known tourist (destination) in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. 19. The volcano has (erupt) several times in the past decade. 20. A café which (locate) in a quiet place is popular with young people. 三、完成句子。 1．手套和护齿也有帮助，以防万一。 The gloves and mouth guards also help, _______________. 2．他们用毯子盖住他，只露出他的双眼。(leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语) They covered him with a blanket, only ________. 3．当他们最喜欢的歌手一踏上舞台，粉丝们就疯狂了。 Fans went crazy _____________________________________________. $专题01 必修第三册Unit1~Unit2单元词汇短语句型梳理 Unit 1 Nature in the balance 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公3 / 25 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. soil n. 土壤；国土，领土，土地 2. overseas adj.海外的，国外的 adv.在海外，向国外 3. region n. 地区，区域；行政区 4. million num.一百万；许多，大量 5. species n. (pl.species)种，物种 6. beneath prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上 7. mass n. 大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，广泛的 8. towering adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的 9. living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n. 生计，谋生；生活方式 10. impact n. 影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 11. damage vt.& n. 损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 12. climate n. 气候；倾向，风气 13. medal n. 奖章，勋章 14. habitat n. 生活环境，栖息地 15. nowhere adv.无处，哪里都不 16. chief n. 首领，最高领导人 adj.主要的；首席的 17. protest vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 n. 抗议，反对 18. profit n. 利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处 19. policy n. 政策，方针；原则 20. branch n. (政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支 21. strategy n. 策略，行动计划；策划，部署 22. recycle vt.回收利用，再利用 23. former adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的 24. official n. 官员，要员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的 二、单词拓展 1. harm n. & vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的 2. long adj.长的→length n. 长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→lengthen v. 加长 3. vary v. 变化→variety n. 不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的 4. survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→survival n. 幸存；生还→survivor n. 幸存者 5. appear vi.出现→disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n. 消失 6. agriculture n. 农业，农学→agricultural adj.农业的；农艺的 7. globe n. 球体；地球→global adj.全球的；全面的 8. apply v. 应用；申请；涂；有关；运用→application n. 应用，运用；申请→applicant n. 申请人 9. organize vt.组织→organization n. 组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→organizer n. 组织者→organized adj.有组织的；有条理的 10. absolute adj.绝对的，完全的→absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其 11. entire adj.完全的→entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地 12. defend vt.保护；防御；辩白→defence (AmE defense)n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defensive adj.防御性的；自我保护的 13. economy n. 经济→economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economical adj.节约的；经济的→economist n. 经济学家→economics n. 经济学 14. poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n. 毒物，毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的 15. consequence n. 结果，后果；重要性→consequent adj.随之发生的→consequently adv.因此；结果 16. poverty n. 贫穷，贫困；贫乏→poor adj. 贫穷的 三、常考一词多义熟词生义 1.track 常用义 生义 n. 足迹，轨迹，小径 We saw wild animals’ tracks near the cave. We guessed they may be deer’s. 我们在洞穴附近看到了野生动物的足迹。我们猜测它们可能是鹿的。 vt.跟踪 The research project involves tracking the careers of 400 graduates. 该研究项目涉及跟踪400名毕业生的职业生涯。 2.process 常用义 生义 n. 过程 Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that this step I s a necessary process.无论何时无论怎样记笔记，要牢记这一步是必要的过程。 vt.加工 Brazil began importing soybeans to process at home. 巴西开始进口大豆在国内加工。 3. branch 常用义 生义 n. 分支 Spreading out before me, branches of the Rapa River flow through the valley below.拉帕河的支流在我面前展开，流经下面的山谷。 n.政府部门 Representatives of the other branches were against the new strategy其他政府部门的代表反对这项新战略 四．单元短语 1. in turn相应地，转而；轮流，依次 2. break down使分解(为)，使变化(成) 3. breathe life into给……带来起色，注入活力 4. due to由于，因为 5. build up逐渐增加，扩大 6. come up with想出，想到 7. call for(公开)要求；需要 8. spring to mind突然记起(或想到) 9. get rid of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 10. give rise to使发生(或存在)；引起 五．单元佳句 1．句式：倍数表达法 【教材】With an area of around 6 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. 亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。 2．句式：完全倒装 【教材】Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. 在那上面是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。 3．句式：so +助动词+主语 【教材】As the human population continues to grow，so does the effect we have on animals. 随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 六．单元语法 省略 为了避免重复,或为了使句子更简练,在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分,这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。 [观察例句]注意划线的省略成分 1.You can watch it online if you want to(watch it).  2.I felt worried when (I was) watching the documentary.  3.Some call for the application of modern technology, and others (call for) a change of lifestyle.  4.(Have you) Got any ideas?  5.(That/It) Sounds great! [归纳用法] 一、简单句中的省略 1.省略主语:一般情况下,主语是不能省略的,但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下,特别是在口语中,主语常常省略,主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。 (You) Open the door, please! 请开门! (You) Give a lift? 需要帮忙吗? 2.省略宾语:当上下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时,下句或后句常省略宾语。 —Do you know the mascots of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games? —Of course I know ( the mascots of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games). ——你知道北京冬奥会的吉祥物吗?——我当然知道。 3.省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分):在某些具体的场合下,主语和谓语都很明确,此时为了简化或显得亲切等,可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略,只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。 (There is) No parking.禁止停车。 (You come) This way, please.请这边走。 二、并列句中的省略 　　在由and或but连接的并列句中,常省略一些重复的词或词组。 1.省略共同的主语或宾语。 He is interested in insects and (he) has collected many samples of them. 他对昆虫感兴趣,搜集了很多标本。 2.若主语不同,而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同,则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。 My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a teacher.我的父亲是一名医生,母亲是一名教师。 3.若主语与谓语动词相同,则省略后面的主谓成分。 His suggestion made me happy, but (his suggestion made) Jim angry. 他的建议使我高兴,却使吉姆生气。 4.若主语不同,但主要动词及后续部分相同,则省略主要动词及后续部分。 I have a knowledge of the length of the river but he doesn’t (have a knowledge of the length of the river). 我知道这条河流的长度,但他不知道。 三、复合句中的省略 1.状语从句的省略。 在when, while, if, as if, though, although, as, until, once, whether, unless, whenever等连接的状语从句中,当从句主语与主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时,则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。 While (I was)working, I realized how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.工作的时候,我意识到在烈日下的田野里工作是多么辛苦。 You should stay where you are, unless (you are) asked to leave.你应待在你现在的地方不动,除非叫你离开。 Whenever (it is) possible, they would stop him and ask him the three questions.只要有可能,他们就拦住他并问他这三个问题。 The boy talked to us as if (he were) a grown-up.男孩就像成年人一样和我们交谈。 【知识拓展】 (1)省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系,则使用现在分词;若构成被动关系,则使用过去分词;若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生,则使用不定式。 (2)在than, as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。 They don’t use more water than(it is)necessary.他们使用的水没有超出需要量。 It took three times as long as (it was) expected. 这花了预期时间的三倍。 2.定语从句的省略。 (1)在限制性定语从句中,作宾语用的关系代词whom,which,that可省略(但whom,which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。 The Chinese women’s football team deserve the honor and reward (that/which) they won for their outstanding performances in the Asian Cup.中国女足队员因在亚洲杯上的出色表现而获得荣誉和奖励是当之无愧的。 (2)修饰way的关系词that/in which可以省略。 The way（in which/ that）he speaks to us is really surprising.他对我们讲话的方式真是让人惊讶。 3.宾语从句的省略。 　　及物动词后接宾语从句时,连接词that一般可以省略;但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句,那么只有第一个that可以省略。 I truly believe (that) beauty comes from within.我真的相信美丽来自内心。 He says (that) many rare species are in danger of extinction and that we should take effective measures to protect them. 他说,许多稀有物种正处于灭绝的危险之中,我们应该采取有效措施来保护它们。 四、其他的省略情况 1.动词不定式的省略。 (1)当不定式在形容词afraid, anxious, eager, glad, happy, ready, willing等后作状语时,to后的内容常省略。 —Will you go with me to see the film tonight? ——今晚你愿意和我去看电影吗? —I’ll be glad to (go with you to see the film).——我愿意。 (2)某些使役动词,如make, let, have等和感官动词,如see, watch, notice, observe, hear等后面作宾语补足语的不定式须省略to,但若这些动词用于被动语态,则to不省略。 We often hear her sing English songs in the classroom.我们经常听到她在教室里唱英文歌。 The boy was noticed to enter the office.男孩被(人)注意到进入了办公室。 (3)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时,常可省略。常见的动词有agree,afford,expect,forget,hope,know,manage,pretend,remember,refuse,want,wish,would like等。 I would do it for you, but I don’t know how to (do it for you).我愿意为你做这件事,但是我不知怎么去做。 (4)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语补足语时,常可省略。常见的动词有tell, ask, allow, permit, expect, wish, want, order, require, encourage, persuade等。 Don’t touch the equipment unless your teacher allows you to (touch the equipment).除非老师允许,否则不要碰这些设备。 (5)介词but, except (除了) 前有实义动词do的某种形式时,后面的不定式不带to。 We have nothing to do but (to) wait.我们现在除了等别无选择。 【易错提示】 省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时,to后要保留原形的have或be。 He didn’t come to the meeting yesterday, but he ought to have.昨天他没来参加会议,但他应该来。 2.使用so,not等时的省略。 在英语中,可以用so,not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。 —Is he coming back tonight?他今晚回来吗? —I think so/not.我认为会回来(不会回来)。 3.介词的省略。 　　一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略,而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构: ①have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. ②be busy (in) doing sth. ③spend some time (in) doing sth. ④stop/prevent sb.(from) doing sth. 七．单元写作 写一篇保护动物的倡议书 保护环境、保护濒危野生动植物是高考常见话题,以此为话题的多为新闻报道。主要内容一般有环境或野生动植物的现状、出现这种现状的原因,以及提出改进的措施。 时态应以一般现在时为主，人称以第一人称为主。 [基本框架] 开头：引出话题； 主体：原因以及措施； 结尾：发出倡议。 [常用词块] (1)需要保护动物的现状 ①变得越来越严重　　get more and more serious ②处于濒临灭绝的危险 be in danger of extinction ③被残忍杀害 be killed without mercy (2)保护动物的原因 ④给……造成损害 do/cause damage to ⑤把……兑换成…… exchange...for... ⑥获利 make profits (3)保护动物的措施 ⑦提高……的意识 raise the awareness of ⑧意识到 be/become aware of ⑨呼吁某人做某事 call on/call for/appeal to sb.to do sth. ⑩采取行动/措施 take action/measures [常用语句] ★精彩开头 ①It’s a fact that ….. …,这是个事实。 ②…. due to humans’ killing. 由于人类的捕杀,….。 ③As is shown in the chart,…. 如图表所示,…。 ★正文佳句 ④The reason why the number of animal species is decreasing is that…. 动物物种数量减少的原因是…。 ⑤It is because of…..正是由于….。 ⑥It’s wrong to…..…是错误的。 ★余味结尾 ⑦Only if we take some drastic measures can …..我们只有采取一些有力措施,才能….。 ⑧Everybody should raise the awareness that it’s our duty to ….每个人都应该增强…是我们的责任的意识。 ⑨I make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to…..我急切呼吁应该采取措施…。 倡议书 假定你是李华，刚刚加入世界自然基金会（WWF），请你以How to protect sharks为题，写一篇倡议书，号召人们保护鲨鱼。内容包括：1. 鲨鱼现状； 2. 如何保护 ； 3. 发出倡议。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 How to protect sharks Dear fellow volunteers and friends, I’m Li Hua, a new member of WWF. Now sharks are in great danger. As important parts of the ocean, their numbers are dropping sharply because of illegal fishing and ocean pollution. We can protect them in simple ways. We must refuse to eat shark fin soup or buy shark products. We should also tell our friends the importance of protecting sharks and ask the government to make stricter laws. Protecting sharks is protecting our ocean. Let’s work together to save these lovely animals and keep the ocean balanced! Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【导语】题目要求考生以李华的身份，为世界自然基金会（WWF）写一篇关于如何保护鲨鱼的倡议书，号召人们保护鲨鱼，并涵盖鲨鱼现状、保护方法及发出倡议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 重要的：important → significant 拒绝：refuse → reject 非法：illegal → unlawful 保护：protect → preserve 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：We must refuse to eat shark fin soup or buy shark products. We should also tell our friends the importance of protecting sharks and ask the government to make stricter laws. 拓展句：Not only must we refuse to eat shark fin soup or buy shark products, but also we should tell our friends the importance of protecting sharks and ask the government to make stricter laws. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】We must refuse to eat shark fin soup or buy shark products. (运用了不定式to eat作宾语) 【高分句型2】We should also tell our friends the importance of protecting sharks and ask the government to make stricter laws. (运用了动名词protecting作宾语、不定式to make作宾补) Unit 1 Nature in the balance 一、判断下列句子中break down/ track/ branch的含义。 1. If George keeps on working so hard, he’ll break down sooner or later.________ 2. What is known to us all is that the bacteria that live in the soil help to break down our wastes.________ 3. One night in the pouring rain, Tawny Nelson’s car broke down on the road.________ 4. Attempts must be made to break down the barrier between the two communities.________ 5. Eva was shocked when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside. ________________ 【答案】1. (健康或精神方面)垮掉 2. 使分解 3. 出故障 4. 消除 5. 小径，跑道. 【解析】1. 考查动词短语。句意：如果George继续这样卖力工作，他迟早会垮掉。根据上文“If George keeps on working so hard”可知，持续卖力工作会导致健康/精神垮掉，因此本句中break down意为“(健康或精神方面)垮掉”。故填：(健康或精神方面)垮掉。 2. 考查动词短语。句意：我们都知道生活在土壤里的细菌帮助分解我们制造的垃圾。根据“our wastes”可知，此处是指土壤中的细菌使垃圾分解，因此本句中break down意为“使分解”。故填：使分解。 3. 考查动词短语。句意：一个大雨倾盆的晚上，Tawny Nelson的车在路上出故障了。根据“car”和“on the road”可知，此处是指车在路上出故障，因此本句中break down意为“出故障”。故填：出故障。 4. 考查动词短语。句意：必须努力打破两族之间的障碍。根据“barrier”可知，此处是指消除障碍，因此本句中break down意为“消除”。故填：消除。 5. 考查名词。句意：当皮特教练宣布要求大家绕着外面的跑道跑一英里时，埃娃感到十分震惊。句中track为名词，意为“小道，路径”作宾语，此处指的是“跑道”。 从A、B、C、D四个选项中为每个句子中的黑体词选择正确含义。 A. 树枝(n.)  B. 分支机构(n.)  C. 分支(学科)(n.)  D. 分岔(v.) 6. The branch of the oak tree broke during the storm and fell onto the driveway. ______ 7. The bank has opened a new branch in the city center to better serve customers. ______ 8. Linguistics is a fascinating branch of science that studies language structure and use. ______ 9. The river branches into two smaller streams near the valley. ______ 【答案】6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 【详解】6. 考查名词。句意：暴风雨中橡树的一根树枝折断了，掉在了车道上。branch 在句中意为 “树枝”，作主语。 7. 考查名词。句意：这家银行在市中心开设了一家新的分支机构，以便更好地服务客户。branch 在句中意为 “分支机构”，作宾语。 8. 考查名词。句意：语言学是一门有趣的学科分支，它研究语言的结构与运用。branch 在句中意为 “分支(学科)”，作表语。 9. 考查动词。句意：这条河流在山谷附近分岔成两条小溪。branches 在句中意为 “分岔”，作谓语。 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. In order to maintain physical health and stay energetic, we all need (various) in our diet. 【答案】variety 【详解】句意：为保持身体健康、精力充沛，我们的饮食需要多样化。空处作宾语，需填名词variety。 2. They also hope to (far) educate people about the importance of safeguarding historic and cultural relics for future generations. 【答案】further 【详解】句意：他们还希望进一步教育人们，使其认识到为子孙后代保护历史文化遗产的重要性。根据句意，提示词修饰动词educate，且表示“进一步地”，应用副词further作状语。 3. These normally harmless substances (物质) combine to form a highly (poison) gas. 【答案】poisonous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些通常无害的物质混合在一起，形成一种剧毒气体。分析可知，这里用形容词作定语，修饰名词“gas”。“poison”，名词，意为“毒药”，其形容词形式为“poisonous(有毒的)”。故填poisonous。 4. The audience was (absolute) attracted by the performance. 【答案】absolutely 【详解】句意：观众完全被这场表演吸引住了。空处修饰attracted，需要用副词，所给词absolute是形容词，它对应的副词形式为absolutely，意为“绝对地，完全地”。 5. This new teaching (apply) makes abstract grammar rules easier to understand. 【答案】application 【详解】句意：新的教学应用让抽象的语法规则很容易就能懂。此处在句中作主语，故应用名词application“应用”，且谓语动词为第三人称单数形式makes，故此处应用名词的单数形式。 6. It’s our duty to protect these animals from (extinct). 【答案】extinction 【详解】句意：保护这些动物免遭灭绝是我们的责任。介词后接名词作宾语，形容词extinct的名词形式为extinction，意为“灭绝”。 7. Due the growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types of trips are now being classified as ecotourism. 【答案】to 【详解】句意：由于与环境保护相关的旅行以及探险旅行越来越受欢迎，如今各种类型的旅行都被归类为生态旅游。due to由于，因为，为固定短语。 8. Along the path stand many (tower) trees that protect us from the sun. 【答案】towering 【详解】句意：小路两旁矗立着许多高耸的树木，为我们遮挡阳光。本空修饰名词trees，作定语，表示“高耸的”，用形容词towering。 9. According to some records, the largest ships in Zheng He’s voyage were over 140 meters in (long), demonstrating the advanced technology in constructing ships. 【答案】length 【详解】句意：据一些记载，郑和航行中最大的船只超过140米长，展示了当时先进的造船技术。根据空前的介词 in可知，此处需要填入 long 的名词形式 length，构成固定搭配in length意为“在长度上”。 10. She broke in tears when she heard the news. 【答案】down 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：当她听到这个消息时，她忍不住哭了起来。“break down”是动词短语，表示“(情绪)失控、崩溃”，符合情绪失控而哭了起来的语境。故填down。 11. Rare sea turtles along the coastal reserve (track) through satellite tags last month, offering valuable data for protecting their nesting sites.   【答案】were tracked 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：上个月，沿海保护区的珍稀海龟通过卫星标签被追踪，这为保护它们的筑巢地提供了有价值的数据。track(追踪)作谓语，与主语“Rare sea turtles”之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“last month”可知，描述的是过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，谓语用复数形式。故填were tracked。 12. The moment I saw Robin, the days when we were together on the island immediately sprang mind. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：我一看到罗宾，我们在岛上一起度过的日子立刻浮现在脑海中。spring to mind是固定短语，意为“立刻浮现在脑海中，突然被想到”。故填to。 13. Although the two books are on similar topics, they are (entire) different in style and audience. 【答案】entirely 【详解】句意：尽管这两本书的话题相同，但风格和受众群体却完全不同。此处修饰形容词different，故应用副词entirely“完全地”作状语。 14. Many international organizations help people living in extreme (poor) in remote mountain areas. 【答案】poverty 【详解】句意：许多国际组织帮助生活在偏远山区极端贫困环境中的人们。提示词作宾语，用名词形式poverty，表示“贫困”，不可数名词。 15. All in all, these two (strategy) are sure to help with fear of public speaking. 【答案】strategies 【详解】句意：总而言之，这两种策略一定会有助于克服公众演讲恐惧。strategy为可数名词“策略”。根据two可知，此处需用名词复数形式，strategy的复数形式为strategies。 16. Today the organization has (branch) in 90 countries in all five continents. 【答案】branches 【详解】句意：如今，该组织已在全球五大洲的90个国家设立了分支机构。根据后文in 90 countries可知数量大于一，为复数形式branches作宾语。 17. The local government doesn’t have to sacrifice (牺牲) environmental protection to promote (economy) growth. 【答案】economic 【详解】句意：当地政府不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。此处需用形容词修饰名词growth，economy的形容词为economic意为“经济的”。 18. Remember to put (recycle) materials like glass bottles and newspapers in the blue bin. 【答案】recycled 【详解】考查形容词。句意：记得把可回收的材料，如玻璃瓶和报纸，放进蓝色垃圾桶。此处修饰名词materials，应用形容词recycled“回收利用的；可循环再造的”，作定语。故填recycled。 19. Many medical experts are working hard in (defend) of people’s health. 【答案】defence/defense 【详解】考查名词。句意：许多医学专家正在努力捍卫人们的健康。此处为名词作介词宾语，defend的名词为defence/defense，意为“捍卫，保卫”。故填defence/defense。 20. Based on the facts, the government will make an (office) announcement (公告) . 【答案】official 【详解】考查形容词。句意：根据这些事实，政府将会发布一份正式声明。分析句子可知，空格前是an，后面是名词 announcement，需要填形容词修饰名词。office (n. 办公室) 其形容词为 official (adj. 官方的，正式的)，make an official announcement，意为“发布官方公告”为固定搭配。故填official。 三、完成句子。 1．山脚下坐落着一个宁静的村庄。（完全倒装/lie） __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】At the foot of the mountain lies a peaceful village. 【详解】考查完全倒装。表示“山脚下”应用at the foot of the mountain；表示“坐落着”应用lie；表示“一个宁静的村庄”应用a peaceful village；陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式；当表示地点的介词短语（At the foot of the mountain）置于句首，且句子主语是名词时，需用 “地点状语+谓语动词+主语”的完全倒装结构。故翻译成：At the foot of the mountain lies a peaceful village.。 2．杰西卡付出了以前三倍的时间和精力，所以我相信她这次能成功。(倍数表达法) Jessica devoted ________ she did before, so I believe she will succeed this time. 【答案】three times as much time and energy as 【详解】考查倍数表达法。空处表示“三倍的时间和精力”，表示倍数常用“倍数程度+as+形容词/副词的原级+as”表达，形容词使用much，“时间和精力”译为并列的名词time and energy，故填three times as much time and energy as。 3．你努力学习英语，Tom也是这样。（so+助动词+主语） You work hard at English，and_____________________________. 【答案】so does Tom 【详解】此句考查so的倒装形式。英语中常用"so+助动词+主语"表示"……也是如此"。使用时应注意助动词的选择，结合汉语部分可知Tom的谓语动词是单数第三人称，再结合语境，句子使用一般现在时，故填so does Tom。 Unit 2 Natural disasters 一、核心单词 学科网（北京）股份有限公25 / 25 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. disaster n. 灾难，灾害；彻底失败 2. crash n. 碰撞声，破裂声；碰撞；崩溃 vi.& vt.碰撞，撞击；崩溃 3. signal vi.& vt.发信号，示意；标志 n. 信号，暗号；标志；信号灯 4. exit vt.& vi.出去，离去，退场；退出 n. 出口，通道；离开 5. orderly adj.有秩序的，有条理的，整齐的 6. roll n. 名单；卷；一管；翻滚 vi.& vt.翻滚，滚动；翻身；卷起 7. confirm vt.证实，确认；使确信；批准 8. hug vt.拥抱，搂抱；抱紧 9. procedure n. 程序，步骤，手续 10. odd adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的；不成对的 11. occur vi.发生，出现；存在于 12. conference n. 会议，研讨会；讨论，商谈 13. charity n. 慈善机构(或组织)；慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容 14. staff n. 全体职工；管理人员 vt.在……工作，任职于 15. slide n. 幻灯片；降低；滑行；山崩 vi.& vt.滑行；逐渐陷入 16. downstairs adv.在楼下，往楼下 n. 楼下 17. document n. 文件，公文；(计算机中的)文档 18. otherwise adv.否则，不然；除此以外 19. destination n. 目的地，终点 20. bar n. 酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏杆；障碍 vt.封；阻挡；阻止 21. dawn n. 黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽 vi.开始；开始清楚 22. beyond adv.在(或向)较远处，在另一边 prep.在(或向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外 23. pattern n. 图案，花样；模式；范例；模型 24. column n. 柱，圆柱；柱状物；栏；专栏；队，列 25. rescue n. & vt.救援，营救，抢救 二、单词拓展 1. injure vt.伤害，使受伤；损害→injury n. 伤害→injured adj.受伤的 2. reaction n. 反应，回应；抗拒；化学反应→react vi.反应 3. relief n. 宽慰，轻松；减轻，消除；救济→relieve vt.减轻；缓和 4. destructive adj.引起破坏(或毁灭)的，破坏(或毁灭)性的→destruct v. 破坏→destruction n. 破坏 5. inform vt.了解，熟悉；通知→information n. 信息→informed adj.有学问的；有见识的 6. shock n. 震惊，惊愕；剧烈震动 vt.使震惊；使气愤→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的 7. scare vt.& vi.惊吓，害怕 n. 恐慌；惊吓→scared adj.害怕的→scary adj.恐怖的，吓人的 8. power n. 电，电力；权力；政权；控制力；能力；能量；力量→powerful adj.强有力的；强大的；有权势的→powerless adj.无力的；无能的 9. donate vt.捐赠，赠送；献(血)→donation n. 捐赠 10. curious adj.好奇的；奇特的→curiosity n. 好奇，好奇心→curiously adv.好奇地；奇怪地 11. erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption n. 爆发 12. unbearable adj.难耐的，无法忍受的→bearable adj.可以忍受的→bear vt.忍受 13. distance n. 遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远→distant adj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的 14. sharp adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的→sharply adv.急剧地；锋利地→sharpen vt.使锋利 15. retire vi.& vt.退休，退职；退出(房间、比赛等)→retirement n. 退休 16. port n. 港口，避风港；港口城市→import n. 进口产品，输入的产品；输入 vt.进口，引进→export n. 出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 vt.出口，输出 17. locate vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于) →location n. 位置 三、常考一词多义熟词生义 1.supply 常用义 生义 vt.供给，供应 The media supplies lots of information to us every day. 媒体每天给我们提供大量的信息。 n. 生活必需品，补给品。供应量；补给量 It was said that the refugees had run out of the supplies. 据说难民们的给养已经用完了。 In China，there is a plentiful supply of cheap labour. 在中国，廉价劳动力供应充足。 2.flood 常用义 生义 n. 洪水，水灾 vt.淹没 The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country. 大雨在这个国家的许多地方造成了洪水。 The villagers were frightened to see that the river would burst its bank and flood their village. 村民们看到河水会决堤，淹没他们的村庄，都吓坏了。 n. 大批，大量vi. 大量涌入vi.涌上心头 Floods of people come to the West Lake to admire the beautiful scenery every year. 每年都有大批的人来西湖欣赏美丽的风景。 Refugees continued to flood into neighbouring countries，leading to great panic. 难民继续涌入邻国，造成极大的恐慌。 I felt happiness and relief flooding over me after my son came home from the front. 儿子从前线回来后，我感到一阵幸福和宽慰。 3. power 常用义 生义 n. 权力 After he came to power, the man devoted most of his time to society work. 他上台掌权后，便将大部分的时间投身于社会公益事业。 n.电 Please remember to cut off the power or it may lead to fire. 请记得切断电源，否则会引起火灾。 四．单元短语 1. at large整个，全部 2. safe and sound安然无恙的 3. occur to被想到，浮现在脑中 4. keep one’s head (在困境中)保持冷静 5. run out of用完，耗尽 6. take the form of呈现……的形状；采取……的形式 7. break out突然开始，爆发 8. far and wide到处，各处 9. hold on to抓紧，不放开；(替别人或更长时间地)保存某物 五．单元佳句 1．句式：in case引导目的状语从句 【教材】At the same time，Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door，in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open. 与此同时，布朗女士立刻打开教室门，以防门在震动中损坏，打不开了。 2．句式：the moment引导时间状语从句，动词不定式作定语 【教材】The moment the shaking stopped，Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. 晃动一停止，布朗女士立即意识到这是全班逃生的最好时机。 3．句式：leave＋宾语＋宾补 【教材】NEWDALE—On 20 December，a series of huge waves caused by an undersea earthquake raced across the ocean near Goldshore and left thousands dead. 纽代尔——12月20日，由海底地震引起的一排排巨浪急速冲过金海岸附近海域，造成数千人死亡。 六．单元语法 动词不定式作定语和结果状语 　动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成。这里的to是不定式标志,没有词义。 [观察例句]动词不定式在句子中所作成分. 1.Goldshore Beach was the only local beach to survive the disaster without any loss of life. 2.Although there is no way to prevent a typhoon, you can get prepared for it. 3.The roads were blocked, so there was nothing for me to do but stay inside. 4.That morning, I turned on the TV for some local news, only to hear that a hurricane was on its way. 5.I looked out of the window, only to see huge trees lying across the street and water everywhere! [归纳用法] 1. 动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词,放于所修饰的词后,为后置定语。这类名词有chance, way, opportunity, right, dream, ambition, time, power, ability, attempt, promise, wish, plan, decision, tendency, failure等。 I am so busy that I have no time to inform him of the incident in detail. 我是如此忙以至于我没有时间详细地告诉他这个事情。 I have the power to call on others to donate money to charities.我有能力号召其他人捐钱给慈善机构。 【易错提示】 (1)如果不定式的动词与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,并且该动词是不及物动词,则需要加上适当的介词或副词与前面的名词相呼应。但place,time,way后不定式的介词常省略。 (2)序数词后常用不定式作后置定语。 The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.布朗一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。 Yang Yang is the first Chinese athlete to win a gold medal in the Winter Olympics.杨扬是中国第一个在冬奥会上获得金牌的运动员。 二、动词不定式作结果状语 1.动词不定式表示结果时,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。结果状语常常只限于learn(得知),find(发现),see,hear,to be told(被告知),make(使得),turn out to be 等具有界限含义的动词。 He returned home to learn his daughter had just been rescued.他回家后得知女儿刚刚被救了。 I rushed to the station only to be told that the train had already left.我冲到车站,结果被告知火车已经开走了。 2.动词不定式作结果状语的特殊结构。 only to do结构表示意外的结果。 He worked hard, only to be informed that he was fired.他努力工作,最终却被告知他被解雇了。 too...to...结构。 The old man was too poor to donate a lot of money to the flooded area.这个老人太穷了,不能捐很多钱给洪水受灾地区。 so...as to...结构。 He was so curious about the box as to open it without permission.他对那个盒子太好奇了,未经允许就把它打开了。 enough to do结构。 The girl is not old enough to go downstairs by herself.这个女孩年龄不够大,不能自己下楼。 七．单元写作 读后续写：被自然灾害困住的一家人的故事 本单元的写作任务是续写被自然灾害困住的一家人的故事。进行续写时要注意下面几点： 1．通读全文，把握全文的核心内容； 2．明确故事中的人物关系； 3．明确故事中的主要事件； 4．对故事的发展进行合理推测。 写作时注意故事的要素和合理性。 1．主体时态：文章应以一般过去时为主。 2．主体人称：由于是描述一家人的故事，所以人称应该以第三人称为主。 [常用词块] 1．hide oneself掩饰自己 2．after a while过了一会儿 3．fall asleep入睡 4．in a hurry匆忙地 5．be filled with.../be full of...装满…… 6．roll down滚落下来 [常用表达] 1．Mary's mother continued to comfort her... 2．Hearing the knock on the door，Mary's father... 3．Some people rushed in the house the moment... 4．They tried their best to get them out of the house... 5．Moved by the firefighters，the whole family... 6．What you did really made a difference to others' life. 读后续写 A little girl whose parents had died lived with her grandmother and slept in an upstairs bedroom. One night there was a fire in the house and the grandmother died while trying to rescue the child. The fire spread quickly, and the situation was terrible. Neighbours called the fire department, then stood helplessly by, unable to enter the house because flames blocked all the entrances. The little girl appeared at an upstairs window, crying for help, just as word spread among the crowd that the fire- fighters would be delayed a few minutes because they were all at another fire. Suddenly, a man appeared with a ladder, put it up against the side of the house and disappeared inside. When he reappeared, he had the little girl in his arms. He delivered the child to the waiting arms below, then disappeared into the night. An investigation revealed that the child had no living relatives, and weeks later a meeting was held in the town hall to determine who would take the child into their home and bring her up. A teacher said she would like to raise the child. She pointed out that she could ensure her a good education. A farmer offered her an upbringing (教养) on his farm. He pointed out that living on a farm was healthy and satisfying. Others spoke, giving their reasons why it was to the child's advantage to live with them. Finally, the town's richest resident rose and said, “I can give this child all the advantages that you have mentioned here, plus money and everything that money can buy.” Throughout all this, the child remained silent, her eyes on the floor. “Does anyone else want to speak?” asked the meeting chairman. A man came forward from the back of the hall. He walked slowly and appeared to be in pain. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答。 When he got to the front of the hall, he stood directly in front of the little girl and held out his arms. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When asked her choice, the girl gave people the reasons firmly. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了一个与祖母相依为命的女孩在大火中失去了祖母，在消防队员到来之前一个男人从大火里面将小女孩救了出来。一项调查显示，这个孩子没有在世的亲属。几周后，在市政厅举行了一次会议，决定由谁来收养这个孩子并抚养她。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“当他走到大厅前面时，他站在小女孩的面前，伸出双臂。”接下来叙述的是小女孩认出他就是从大火里救她出来的恩人，她愿意和他生活在一起。 ②由第二段首句内容“当被问及她的选择时，女孩坚定地给出了理由。”可知，第二段叙述的应该是女孩为什么放弃好的教育和好的生活而愿意由救她的人来抚养。 2.续写线索：起火——救人——失去亲人——开会——抚养——理由 3.词汇激活（一个词汇要写出相近的表达） 行为类 到达：got to/reach/arrive at 另外，此外：besides/in addition/furthermore 情绪类 高兴地：happily/be happy/be delighted 绝望地：desperately/in despair/hopelessly 【点睛】[高分句型1] Then she looked up and smiled，stating happily she would live with him．（本句用非谓语动词中的现在分词stating在句中做状语） [高分句型2] This is the man who rescued me!（句中使用who引导的定语从句） 【参考范文】 When he got to the front of the hall, he stood directly in front of the little girl and held out his arms. His hands and arms were terribly scarred. The little girl cried out, “This is the man who rescued me!” With a leap, she threw her arms around the man's neck. She buried her face in his shoulder and sobbed for a few moments. Then she looked up and smiled, stating happily she would live with him. When asked her choice, the girl gave people the reasons firmly. She said in a low but determined voice, “I really desire to get a good education that will give me chances to live my dreams. Besides,I know that money means a lot to me since I have no relatives to rely on. But it's the man who saved my life when I was desperately facing a fire like that. Without him, I wouldn't be here, waiting for a new choice. I hope that I can do whatever I can to pay back his kindness.” Unit 2 Natural disasters 根据语境选出加黑词汇的词性和词义 A. n. 信号     B. vi. 发信号, 用信号示意    C. vt.(用言语或行动)表明, 表示    D. vt. 标志, 证明 1. The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don’t flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. 2. In addition, their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes, like throwing stones or signaling. 3. The lengthening days signal the end of winter. 4. Both sides have signalled their willingness to start cooperation. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 【解析】1. 考查名词。句意：华盛顿贝尔维尤的法克托里亚大道上的交通信号灯通常不会连续两次闪现相同长度的绿灯，尤其是在高峰时段。根据句意可知黑体字为名词作主语，意为“信号”，故选A。 2. 考查动词。句意：此外，他们的手臂被解放出来用于其他目的，比如扔石头或发信号。根据句意可知黑体字为动词，此处为动名词作like的宾语，意为“发信号”，故选B。 3. 考查动词。句意：白昼变长标志着冬天的结束。根据句意可知黑体字为动词，作谓语，意为“标志，证明”，故选D。 4. 考查动词。句意：双方都表明愿意开展合作。根据句意可知黑体字为动词，作谓语，意为“表明，证明”，故选C。 power  A. 电力(n.)  B. 权力(n.)  C. 供电(v.)  D. 关闭(电源)(v.) 5. Solar power is a clean and renewable source of energy. ________ 6. The government has the power to ban single-use plastics. ________ 7. The wind was strong enough to power the entire village. ________ 8. Please power down your computer when you are not using it. ________ 【答案】5. A 6. B 7. C 8. D 【详解】5. 考查名词。句意：太阳能发电是一种清洁可再生的能源。根据“a clean and renewable source of energy”可知，此处表示“电力”，power是名词，表示“电力”。 6. 考查名词。句意：政府拥有禁止一次性塑料制品的权力。根据“to ban single-use plastics”可知，此处表示“政府拥有权力”，power是名词，表示“权力”。 7. 考查动词。句意：风力足够强劲，可以为整个村庄供电。根据“the entire village”可知，此处表示“为整个村庄供电”，power是动词，表示“供电”。 8. 考查动词。句意：不使用电脑时，请将其关闭。根据“your computer”可知，此处表示“不使用时，电脑要关闭(电源)”，power down是动词短语，表示“关闭(电源)”。 二、单句语法填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. When I told him what happened, his immediate (react) was one of shock. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】reaction 【详解】句意：当我告诉他发生的事后，他立刻的反应是震惊。空处作主语，且被形容词immediate修饰，提示词的名词形式reaction“反应”符合；谓语was为单数，主语用单数名词。 2. Cutting down many trees has a (destroy) effect on the local ecosystem. 【答案】destructive 【详解】句意：砍伐大量树木会对当地生态系统造成破坏性的影响。此处需要形容词修饰名词effect，destroy为动词，其形容词为destructive作定语，意为“具有破坏性的”。 3. With food and medicine sent to the flooded area, they all let out a sigh of (relieve). 【答案】relief 【详解】句意：食物和药品送往洪涝灾区后，他们都松了一口气。此处介词of后接名词作宾语，relieve是动词，其名词形式为relief，意为“宽慰”，为不可数名词。 4. It (confirm) that the rescue workers unearthed three survivors from ruins this morning. 【答案】is confirmed/has been confirmed/was confirmed 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：已证实救援人员今天早上从废墟中挖出了三名幸存者。“It be confirmed that...”是固定句式，意为“据证实……”。可以表示客观事实，为一般现在时的被动语态，也可以表示过去发生的动作，为一般过去时的被动语态，还可以表示过去对现在造成的影响，为现在完成时的被动语态。故填is confirmed/has been confirmed/was confirmed。 5. The landscape is a true feast for the eyes with its (roll) green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. 【答案】rolling 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这里的风景美不胜收，连绵起伏的绿色山丘上点缀着牛羊。本空修饰名词hills，用形容词rolling，表示“起伏的，绵延的”。故填rolling。 6. We’ll keep you (inform) of the program’s progress. 【答案】informed 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我们会随时向您通报该项目的进展情况。keep sb. informed of是固定短语，意为“随时告知某人某事”，空格处用过去分词表被动，作宾语补足语，故填informed。 7. The car accident resulted in a serious head . The driver was severely and rushed to the hospital. The other vehicle’s faulty brakes several passengers as well. (injure) 【答案】 injury injured injured 【详解】考查名词、形容词和时态。句意：这场车祸导致严重的头部受伤。司机伤势严重，被紧急送往医院。另一辆车的故障刹车也致使几名乘客受伤。第一个空格前有形容词serious和名词head，需要填入名词作resulted in的宾语。injure的名词形式是injury，意为“损伤；伤害”，head injury是固定搭配，表“头部受伤”。应填injury。第二个空格前有系动词was，且空格前有副词severely修饰，需要填入形容词injured作表语，表示“受伤的”。应填injured。第三个空格作谓语动词，句子描述的是车祸发生时的过去事实，应用一般过去时，injure的过去式为injured。应填injured。故填injury；injured；injured。 8. A profound realization (occur) to me as I watched the sunrise: I had never truly appreciated the beauty of my own hometown before. 【答案】occurred 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当我看着日出时，我深刻地意识到：我以前从未真正欣赏过自己家乡的美丽。空处作主句的谓语，根据从句“as I watched the sunrise”可知，主句在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，短语occur to意为“被想起”，因此用occur的过去式occurred。故填occurred。 9. You need to find what interests you, you will gradually lose motivation. 【答案】or/otherwise 【详解】句意：你需要找到自己感兴趣的事情，否则你就会逐渐失去动力。此处表示选择关系，译为“否则”用or或otherwise。 10. Moreover, Guizhou has introduced many guidance (document) to provide political support for big data development, providing more innovation and start-up opportunities. 【答案】documents 【详解】句意：此外，贵州出台了许多指导性文件，为大数据发展提供政治支持，提供更多创新创业机会。可数名词document作宾语，意为“文件”，前面有many修饰，用复数形式。 11. Due to (curious), he squeezed himself into the crowd to see what had happened. 【答案】curiosity 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于好奇，他挤进人群，想看看发生了什么事。分析可知，空前“to”为介词，所填应是名词，作其宾语。“curious”，形容词，意为“好奇的”，其名词形式为“curiosity(好奇心)”。故填curiosity。 12. As it was raining heavily, the farmers helplessly watched the crops (flood). 【答案】being flooded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于雨下得很大，农民们眼睁睁地看着庄稼被淹。空处作宾语补足语，结合“As it was raining heavily”可知，此处指农民们无助地看着庄稼“正在被淹没”，应用watch sb./sth. doing sth.表示“看某人/某物正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行，crops与flood“淹没”逻辑上是被动关系，因此用flood的现在分词被动语态。故填being flooded。 13. She caught sight of a car in the (distant). 【答案】distance 【详解】句意：她看见了远处的一辆汽车。设空处作介词in的宾语，需填入名词形式，所给单词distant为形容词，其名词形式表示“远处”是distance。 14. The ancient site (unearth) now may hold priceless historical information about a lost civilization. 【答案】being unearthed 【详解】句意：目前正在发掘的这个古老遗址或许蕴含着关于一个失落文明的极其珍贵的历史信息。空格处应该用非谓语动词作定语，修饰空格前的名词短语the ancient site，the ancient site与动词unearth之间是被动关系，结合时间状语now可知，此处表示正在进行的动作，所以应该用being unearthed作定语。 15. The summer heat in this city is almost (bear), forcing many residents to stay indoors during the daytime. 【答案】unbearable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这座城市的夏季酷热简直让人难以忍受，以至于许多居民白天都不得不待在室内。空处应填形容词作表语，结合“forcing many residents to stay indoors during the daytime”可知，此处指夏季酷热让人难以忍受，使用形容词unbearable，故填unbearable。 16. It urges you to grow and evolve, to go the limitations of your lower self. 【答案】beyond 【详解】句意：它促使你成长和进化，超越你低级自我的局限。根据“grow and evolve”和“the limitations of your lower self”可知，此处指超越你低级自我的局限，go beyond表示“超越”，所以空处应用介词beyond。 17. It is reported that China (export) a lot of fruits and flowers to many different countries every year. 【答案】exports 【详解】句意：据报道，中国每年向许多不同的国家出口大量的水果和鲜花。根据“every year”可知，此描述经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时；主语China为第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 18. The beautiful Li River and its amazing scenery is one of the most well-known tourist (destination) in China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. 【答案】destinations 【详解】考查名词复数。句意：美丽的漓江及其令人惊叹的风景是中国广西壮族自治区最著名的旅游目的地之一。此处是“one of+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构，表示“最……之一”，所以空处应用名词复数形式。故填destinations。 19. The volcano has (erupt) several times in the past decade. 【答案】erupted 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这座火山在过去十年里已经喷发过好几次了。设空处是谓语动词，句中有助动词has，结合时间状语in the past decade，可知本句为现在完成时，结构为have/has+过去分词，erupt的过去分词为erupted。故填erupted。 20. A café which (locate) in a quiet place is popular with young people. 【答案】is located 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：一家位于安静之地的咖啡馆很受年轻人欢迎。动词locate意为“使位于”，和主语构成被动关系，根据“is popular with young people”可知，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，在定语从句中关系代词which代指先行词a café，be动词用is。故填is located。 三、完成句子。 1．手套和护齿也有帮助，以防万一。 The gloves and mouth guards also help, _______________. 【答案】in case anything happens 【详解】考查条件状语从句。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“以防万一”，也可以转述为“以防发生任何事情”结合前文的help可知句子时态为一般现在时；在英语中，in case常用来引导条件状语从句，表示“以防、万一”，表示“发生任何事情”用anything happens，符合语境。故填in case anything happens。 2．他们用毯子盖住他，只露出他的双眼。(leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语) They covered him with a blanket, only ________. 【答案】leaving his eyes exposed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“露出他的双眼”，也就是“使他的双眼露出来”，“使”用leave，句中谓语是covered，leave要用非谓语动词，要用现在分词表自然而然的结果，“他的双眼”是his eyes，“露出来”是expose，eyes和expose之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此用过去分词exposed表被动，因此空格处是leaving his eyes exposed。故填leaving his eyes exposed。 3．当他们最喜欢的歌手一踏上舞台，粉丝们就疯狂了。 Fans went crazy _____________________________________________. 【答案】the moment their favorite singer stepped onto the stage. 【详解】结合句意表示“一……就……”短语为the moment，结合句意这里是the moment 引导时间状语从句，the moment their favorite singer stepped onto the stage.。 $