Unit 1 Nature in the Balance 主题阅读训练-【万向思维·高考快递】2024-2025学年高中练习生英语必修第三册（译林版2020）

Unit 1 Nature in the balance Part A Welcome to the unit Reading 111/1111 Unit 1 Nature in the balance 主题语境大拓展 ●答案见DI 1.阅读理解 子主题1温室与生态语篇类型 说明文词数356关键词 home of the future,circular system [2021-2022山东省枣庄市第三中学高-6月月考]In Melbourne lies an87-square-meter,three- story,two-bedroom and one-bathroom house.That may sound like a real property advertisement,but it could be the home of the future. Made from organic materials and run on sustainable(可持续的)energy,the building,known as "The Greenhouse",is completely zero waste.It was designed by zero waste advocate Bakker,as part of his Future Food System housing experiment."The greenhouse is inspired by nature-it's an ecosystem where nothing is wasted,"Bakker says. Organic waste is fed into a biodigester where it ferments and turns into gas for cooking or fertilizer for produce;rainwater is harvested and used for irrigation and a specific system,where plants grow using waste from fish;and hot steam from the shower enables a wall of mushrooms to boost.The house is designed,says Bakker,with the roof as the foundation,loaded with 35 tons of soil,which provides fertile (ground for produce-more than 200 plant species grow on the roof,as well as insects,snails,fish and chickens. The site is more than just a model home;it's been a real one for Jo Barrett and Matt Stone,who were chefs at the small in-house restaurant."To be able to grow and produce food on a tiny footprint in the city and tum it into exciting dishes is completely unique,"says Stone. Through the project,Bakker wanted to demonstrate he could feed a family with his design."I think we've proved that it's actually more productive than I imagined,"he says."We've harvested 35 kilos of 113111111 高考快递·练习生高中英语·必修第三册·YL potatoes from a square meter." He hopes the example will offer a blueprint to future homes and an alternative to current food system,which is to blame for over a third of the world's greenhouse gas emissions ()Creating a circular system could also greatly reduce food waste. "We're the only species that generates waste.In nature,there is no waste;everything becomes a food source for something else,"says Bakker."If we transform to a circular system,we have so much potential to stop the destruction of wilderness and forest. 1.What does paragraph 3 focus on? A.The future of the greenhouse building. B.The way the greenhouse building works. C.The advantages of the greenhouse building. D.The reason for designing the greenhouse building. 2.What do we leamn about the greenhouse home? A.It can provide a good supply of produce. B.It is a perfect habitat for all insects. C.It is possessed by the designer Bakker. D.Plant growing is free of soil in the house. 3.Why are the chefs mentioned in paragraph 4? A.To introduce the concept of the house. B.To inform people of the latest restaurant. C.To demonstrate the future modern home. D.To illustrate the advantage of the house. 4.What can be inferred according to Bakker? A.People have to explore nature more. B.Human relies heavily on the environment. C.The greenhouse is a way to reduce waste. D.The greenhouse helps reduce reliance on nature. ‖.完形填空 子主题2敬畏自然语篇类型记叙文词数316关键词 respect for nature,coffee business,balance [2021一2022浙江省宁波市效实中学高一下期中（改编）]0 n a hilltop in southeast Brazil,4,500feet above the surrounding landscape,is a coffee plantation with a history of more than 150 years-five generations.The owner is Ellen Fontana,a woman 1 to both her land and her family.A respect for nature contributes to her business;she employs sustainable()practices to 2 water,avoid pesticides and reduce greenhouse gas emissions ()Her devotion and attention helped her 3 1W4 Unit 1 Nature in the balance award-winning specialty coffee and a successful coffee business,which she hopes will 4 through future generations But in the past few years,her vision of the future has been 5.The planet is changing rapidly and whether coffee production will continue in her area in 20 or 50 years is naturally a 6."I heard from my grandparents that it used to rain a lot in January,and the dry and rainy seasons were more clearly 7,"Fontana says."But now,for a few years,we have noticed 8 rainfall,high temperature and hail(冰雹).” In 2014,Fontana's home experienced its worst 9 in nearly a century,resulting in a rare water crisis.And February 2020 was the rainiest month in the region's 10 history,causing floods. However,Fontana has eamned more than many,thanks to her hilltop location and an important area of natural forest that she and her family have 11 on their land.She says,"We are in a micro-region with a lot of well-preserved forest,and we have a lot of coffee.This microclimate 12 a lot in the balance of crops.I think that living in a balance between coffee production and the environment that we live in provides a 13 not only for our family but for all the other people who will 14 these resources.I think this 15 is good for the business,good for the family and good for our soul. 1.A.related B.addicted C.devoted D.used 2.A.make the best of B.make sense of C.keep track of D.keep out of 3.A.design B.invent C.harvest D.create 4.A.stop B.return C.appear D.continue 5.A.improved B.shaken C.recognised D.cleared 6.A.concern B.factor C.threat D.guideline 7.A.conducted B.listed C.announced D.defined 8.A.irregular B.increasing C.decreasing D.average 9.A.drought B.sandstorm C.flood D.earthquake 10.A.hidden B.recorded C.short D.chief 11.A.cut B.covered C.preserved D.produced 12.A.harms B.changes C.punishes D.helps 13.A.benefit B.career C.freedom D.convenience 14.A.process B.enjoy C.waste D.observe 15.A.access B.approach C.balance D.behavior 高考快递·练习生 高中英语·必修第三册·YL Part B Grammar and usage Integrated skills 11W6N Unit 1 Nature in the balance 主题语境大拓展 ●答案见D3 【.阅读理解 A 子主题1 回收电子垃圾 语篇类型记叙文词数372关键词 e-waste,recycled,protect [2021一2022北京市第八中学高一下期中] Recycling Electronic Waste When Alex Lin was 11 years old,he read an alarming article in the newspaper,which said that people were burying old computers in backyards,throwing TVs into streams,and dumping (cell phones in the garbage.This was dangerous because e-waste contains harmful chemicals that can leak into the environment,getting into crops,animals,water supplies and people. Alex was really worried and decided to make it the next project for WIN-the Westerly Innovations 1147111111 高考快递·练习生 高中英语·必修第三册·YL Network.Alex and six of his friends had formed this organization to help solve community problems two years before. But what could they do about this project with e-waste?The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in e-waste and their effects on humans.They learned how to dispose()of e-waste properly and how it could be recycled.Then,they sent out a survey and found only one in eight knew what e-waste was,let alone knew how to properly dispose of it. Alex and his friends went into action.They advertised in the local newspaper and distributed notices to students,asking residents to bring their unwanted electronics to the school parking lot.The drive lasted two days,and they collected over 9,500 kilograms of e-waste. The next step was to set up a long-term e-waste drop-off center for the town.After some research, they'd learned that reusing is the best way to deal with electronic devices and it is seven times more efficient than recycling.So,they began learning to refurbish()computers themselves and distributed them to students who didn't have their own.In this way,they could help students in the area and protect the environment at the same time. For a lasting solution to e-waste,the drop-off center wasn't enough.Laws would have to be passed. In 2016,WIN helped push for an e-waste bill in their town,which required companies that manufactured or sold electronics to take back e-waste.The bill clearly forbids the dumping of e-waste. Because of the work of WIN,more and more people,like Alex and his team,are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste.As Alex says,"Today's technology should not become tomorrow's harmful garbage.” 1.What was Alex's worry after he read the article? A.The littering of e-waste. B.The recycling of plastic. C.The change of environment. D.The overuse of old computers. 2.What did Alex do to start the project? A.Set up WIN.B.Collect information. C.Ask friends for help. D.Carry out a survey. 3.What message does the story convey? A.There is no end to perfection. B.Success comes through failure. C.Every positive attitude has a reward. D.Young people can make a big difference. B 子主题2 变废弃塑料为宝 语篇类型说明文词数325关键词single-use plastic,recycling,bricks [2021-2022江苏省扬州市江都区高一下期中]We use a huge amount of single-use plastic each year-一 we buy one million plastic bottles each minute around the world.Plastic waste,a material that can take centuries or more to disappear,is causing great damage to the planet.However,plastic waste produced in Unit 1 Nature in the balance many countries typically ends up in open,uncontrolled landfills,most of which finally enters the ocean either by wind or through waterways Now,Nzambi Matee,a 29-year-old woman from Nairobi,Kenya,is dealing with this global crisis by recycling bags,containers,and other waste products into bricks used for construction projects.Before founding her company-Gjenge Makers,Matee worked as an oil-industry engineer.After seeing plastic waste along Nairobi's streets,she decided to quit her job and built a small lab,testing sand and plastic combinations().Matee managed to study in the materials lab at the University of Colorado Boulder, where she in the end developed a machine that produces the new bricks. Made from a combination of plastic and sand,the bricks have a melting point higher than 350C and can be used for a longer time than traditional bricks.Matee and her team gain much of the raw product from factories and recyclers,and sometimes it's free,which allows the company to reduce the price point on the produet and make it more affordable for schools and homeowners. "There is waste that recyclers cannot deal with anymore.That is what we get,"Matee said.Her factory produces 1,500 bricks each day,made from a mix of different kinds of plastic.These are polyethylene(used for milk bottles,sandwich bags,and ropes.But she does not work with polyethylene terephthalate or PET,commonly used for plastic bottles,which can be made into the same form easily again and again. The plastic waste is mixed with sand,heated and then pressed into bricks,which are sold at different prices,depending on thickness and colour. 4.What does paragraph 1 mainly focus on? A.The ways of finding single-use plastic. B.Our dependence on single-use plastic. C.The wide spread use of plastic products. D.Our irresponsible behavior in using plastic. 5.What caused Matee to make the new bricks? A.Her job as an oil-industry engineer. B.Her determination to go to university. C.Her awareness of plastic waste problems. D.Her research project in the university lab. 6.What are Matee's bricks like compared to traditional bricks? A.They take less time to make. B.They bear much more weight. C.They stay in good condition longer. D.They change their colors more easily. 7.What do we know about PET bottles? A.They are easy to recycle. B.They are few in number. C.They are mixed with sand. D.They are difficult to deal with. 911111 高考快递·练习生 高中英语·必修第三册·YL ‖.七选五 子主题3 应对气候变化 语篇类型说明文词数337关键词urgent,.deal with,climate change [2021一2022江苏省常州市教有学会高-下期中]If2021 is the wake-up call,then2022 is the year of taking the urgent action needed to deal with climate change.1.They have brought immediate action to the top of the world's schedule. Activists and campaigners everywhere continue to be frustrated(使…沮丧)by the lack of action from world leaders and corporations.2. To help make tackling climate change our top priority in 2022,here are some unique ways we can help defend the planet this year-and we can start right now! ●Support Sustainable(可待续的)Fashion The fashion industry is one of the biggest contributors to pollution,making up 20%of global industrial water pollution,as well as being a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions()- according to the World Economic Forum,it produces 10%of all humanity's carbon emissions,as well as being the second-largest user of the world's water supply. Sustainable fashion,meanwhile,is clothing that is made from environmentally-friendly materials. 3. Supporting sustainable fashion can seem like the more costly option,but the environmental cost of fast fashion is vast and there are lots of affordable ways to support sustainable fashion. Make an Event Out of Planting Trees A fully-grown tree absorbs 48 pounds of carbon dioxide per year.Trees contribute much to cleaning the air.4. Whether it's putting"plant a tree"on your wish list for 2022,or planting trees for your birthday celebration,go for it.Get your friends and family involved;it will be fun.Normalizing planting trees as part of our human activity is a great way to fight climate change. Follow a More Plant-Based Diet Going plant-based is a fashion that has really picked up over the last few years,and one of the simplest ways you can help deal with climate change this year is by following a more plant-based diet,or making plant-based choices.Research shows that a global shift to a more plant-based diet could reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases by 70%by 2050.5. A.They are also a great way to prevent flooding. B.These trees form a natural protection from the sun. C.Besides,it is also a healthier alternative for your body. D.As a result,meat and milk products demand more resources. E.We can do our part in daily life to cut our own carbon footprints,though. F.It is harmless in the making process,and uses natural resources responsibly. G.The past year has witnessed extreme weather events and rapidly changing weather pattern. 111101N Unit 1 Nature in the balance Part C Extended reading,Project,Assessment Further study 1111/111/参考答案及超详思路 Unit Nature in the balance 是如何运作,变“废”为“能”的,即温室的运作方式。故选B。 2.A 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“The house is designed Part A says Bakker.. which provides fertile(肥沃的)ground for Welcome to the unit &: Reading produce...”可知,温室可以提供良好的农产品供应。故 选A。 3.D 考查推理判断。根据第四段中“The site ismore than just a model home: it's been a real one for Jo Barrett and Matt Stone, who were chefs at the small in-house restaurant."可 知,这个房子不只是一个模型,对于主厨loBarrett和Mat Stone来说,它是一个真正的家。由此可知,第四段提到主 厨是为了说明这所房子的优点。故选D。 4.C 考查推理判断。根据最后一段内容,尤其是“In nature, there is no waste: everything becomes a food source for something else . If we transform to a cireular system, we have so much potential to stop the destruction of wilderness and forest.”可知,如果我们(将居住环境)转变为一个可循 环系统,我们就很有可能停止破坏荒野和森林。也就是 说,温室是减少浪费的一个方式。故选C。 词汇积累 名词:propertyn.地产,房地产;所有物,财产advocate n. 拥护者,提倡者 fertilizer n. 肥料,化肥 imrigation n.灌 溉:冲洗(尤指伤口)showern.淋浴间,淋浴室;淋浴; 阵雨 snailn.蜗牛 blueprint n.行动方案,计划蓝图; (建筑物、机器等的)蓝图 destuctionn.破坏,摧毁 动词:harvestt.收割,收获;采集,搜集;收采(人的器官、细 胞等)blame v.责怪,归咎于generate v.产生,引起 transformx.使改观.使变形.使转化 形容词:organicadi.有机的,绿色的;有机物的,生物的 uniquead.独一无二的,独特的;非常特别的,极不寻 常的 短语:sound like听起来像 主题语境大拓展 WWWW zero waste 零浪费 in-house restaurant 内部餐厅 长难句分析 语篇导读 文章主要介绍了零垃圾倡导者Bakker设计的温 室是如何模仿大自然的生态系统实现“零浪费”的。 1. [ Made from organic materials and run on sustainable( 可持 过去分词作状语 1.B 考查主旨大意。根据第三段的主要内容,尤其是 续的) energy], the building, (known as"The Greenhouse"). “Organic waste is fed into a biodigester where it ferments(发 主语 过去分词作定语 醇) and turns into gas for coking or fertilizer for produce is completely zero waste. 系动词 raimwater is harvested and used for irrigation and a specifi 表语 system..1oboost.”可知,第三段主要介绍了温室的各个部分 ,1 英语 D1 高考快递·练习生 高中英语·必修第三册·YL 句意:由有机材料制成,依靠可持续的能源运行,这座被称为 heard from my grandparents that it used to rain a lot in January... “温室”的建筑是完全零浪费的。 But now,for a few years...”可知,如今的气候与过去不同 2. The house is designed, says Bakker, (with the roof as the 了,所以此处是指EllenFontana对未来的憧憬动摇过。故 主语 谓语 状语 选B。 foundation), (loaded with 35 tons of soil),f which provides 6.A 考查名词。concem“令人担忧的事”;factor“因素”; 过去分词作定语 threat”威胁”;guideline“指导方针”。根据“The planet is fertile(肥沃的) ground for produce ] - more than 200 changing...”可知,因为地球正在迅速变化,咖啡能否继续 定语从句 生产下去是EllenFontana担忧的事。故选A。 plant species grow (on the roof), as well as insects, 7.D 考查动词。conduct“组织;安排;实施”;list“列清单”; 谓语 主语 状语 announce“宣布,宣告”;define“给(词语)下定义;阐明”。 snails, fish and chickens. 根据”...it used to rain a lot in January..."可知,在过去,一 句意:Bakker说,这所房子是以屋顶为基础设计的.(屋 月份经常下雨,所以早季雨季的定义明确。故选D. 顶上)装有35吨土填,为(种植)农产品提供了肥沃 8.A 的土地-屋顶上生长着200多种植物,还有昆虫。 考查形容词。根据句中的“Butnow”可知,前后句意发 蝎牛,鱼和鸡。 生转折,现在与以往“早季和雨季的定义更加明确”相反 3. He hopes ( the example willoffer a blueprint to future 所以此处是指不规律的降雨、高温和冰霍。irregular意为 主语 语 宾语从句 “不规律的”。故选A。 homes and an alternative to current food system). [ which 9.A 考查名词。drought“干早”;sandstorm“沙暴”;flood“洪 is to blame for over a third of the wordd's greenhouse gas 水”;earthquake"地震”。根据"...resulting in a rare water 定语从句,修饰先行词current food system crisis.”可知,Fontana的家乡经历的是干早。故选A。 emissions(排放)]. 10.B 考查形容词。hidden“隐藏的”;recorded“已记录的”; 句意:他希望这个例子将为未来的家庭提供行动方案,并 hon“短暂的”;chief“首要的:主要的”。根据语境可知,此处 为当前的食物系统提供一个替代方案,全球三分之一 应该是指“有历史记载以来降雨最多的一个月”。故选B 以上的温室气体排放都要归咎于当前的食物系统。 11.C 考查动词。cut“割;割破”;cover“覆盖”;preserve“保 IlI.语篇导读 文章讲述了一个有着150多年历史的咖啡种 护”;produce“生产”。根据下文“We are in a micro-region 植园的主人EllenFontana在有着地理优势和拥有森林保 with a lot of well-preserved forest..."可知,此处应选 护区的同时,敬畏自然,从而获得了成功的故事。 preserved,表示Fontana和家人在自己的土地上保护的天 考查动词短语。be relatedto“与.....有关”;be 然森林。故选C。 1.C addicted to“对......上瘾”;be devoted to“致力于,深爱着” 12.D考查动词。harm”伤害;损害”;change“改变”;punish be used to”被用于"。根据“both her land and her family"可 “惩罚”;help“帮助”。根据"I think this 15 is good for 知,此处指EllenFontana深爱着她的土地和家庭。故选C。 the business, good for the family and good for our soul."可 2.A 考查动词短语。make the best of“充分利用”;make 知,作者认为这种微气候是有好处的,故此处应指它有助 sense of“理解,弄懂(不易理解的事物)”;keeptrack of 于庄稼生长平衡。故选D。 “与....保持联系”:keep out of"避免”。根据"she employs 13.A 考查名词。benefit“好处”;career“事业”;freedom“自 sustainable(可持续的)practices”可知,Ellen Fontana实行 由”;convenience“方便”。句意;我认为,在咖啡生产和我 可持续的措施,所以此处应是指充分利用水资源。故 们生活的环境之间取得平衡,不仅对我们的家庭有好处. 选A。 而且对所有享受这些资源的其他人都有好处。根据句意 3.C 考查动词。design“设计”;invent“发明”;harvest“收 及语境可知,取得平衡会带来好处。故选A。 14.B 获”;create“创造”。根据“award-winning specialty coffee 考查动词。process“加工”;enjoy“享受”;waste“浪 and a successful coffee business"可知,Ellen Fontana 很注重 费”;observe“观察”。前文提到了在咖啡生产和我们生活 咖啡种植,这帮助她收获了获奖的特色咖啡及成功的咖啡 的环境之间取得平衡会带来好处,由“theseresources”可 事业。故选C。 知,此处应是指享受这些资源的人们。故选B。 4.D 考查动词。stop“停止”;retum“回去;返回”;appear“出 15.C 考查名词。access“通路;人径”;approach“方式,方 现”:continue"持续;继续”。根据“through future generations” 法,态度”;balance“平衡”;behavior“行为”。根据上文的 可知,EllenFontana希望咖啡事业将延续到后代。故选D. “This microclimate 12 a lot in the balance of crops."可 5.B 3 考查动词。improve”提高”;shake“动摇(人心、信 知,Fontana认为这种平衡对事业、家庭和大家的灵魂都 仰)”;recognise“认出;承认”;clear”清理”。根据后文“1 有好处。故选C。 D2 -英语 参考答案及超详思路 词汇积累 弃)cell phones in the garbage.”可知,Alex在报纸上读到 名词:plantationn. 种植园,种植场 visionn.远见卓识 人们把旧电脑理在后院,把电视扔进小溪,把手机扔进垃 location n. 地点,位置 micro-region微型地区 圾箱。结合第二段中“Alex was really worried..."及下文可 知,在他读到此文章后,他非常担忧乱丢电子垃圾的现象 microclimaten.(指森林、城市、洞穴等)局部地区的气 故选A。 候:小气候.微气候 souln.灵魂;心灵 动词:experiencev.经历,遭遇;体会到,感受到 2.B 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段中“Butwhatcould 形容词:well-preservedadfj.(建筑或物体)保存得很好的; they do about this project with e-waste? The team spent several weeks gathering information about the harmful chemicals in (人)保养得很好的 副词:naturally ad.自然地,天然地;当然地;合乎常理地 e-waste and their effects on humans."可知,Alex通过收集信 短语:contributeto有助于;捐献;导致,促成;投稿 award- 息开始进行这个项目。故选B。 winning specialty cofee 获奖的特色咖啡 result in导致. 3.D 考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段中“Becauseof the 结果是 waler crisis 水资源危机 thanks lo由于. 幸亏 work of WIN, more and more people, like Alex and his team, are getting the message about safe disposal of e-waste."及全 Part B Grammar and usage &: Integrated 文内容可知,文章主要讲述了几个十几岁的年轻人致力于 skills 回收电子垃圾的故事。为了减轻电子垃圾对环境造成的 影响,他们想到了循环利用电子垃圾的办法,在他们的努 力下,越来越多的人知道了该如何处理电子垃圾。D项 “年轻人可以产生很大的影响”是本文想要传达的信息。 故选D。 词汇积累 名词:garbagen.垃圾箱;垃圾,废物 bilIn.议案,法案 disposal n.处理,清除 动词:leak1.渗入.漏出:漏,渗漏:泄露,透露 distributet.分发,分配;配送,分销;散布 manufacture v.(用机器大量)生产,制造 形容词:alarmingadj.令人担忧的,令人恐惧的 unwanted ad.不需要的;有害的;讨厌的efficientadj. 生效的,效 率高的:(人)有能力的,能胜任的 副词:properlyadu.正确地,适当地:得体地,恰当地 短语:doabout处理;应付:就某事采取行动或措施 tsend out发送;派遣;放出 letalone更不必说 go into action 行动起来;投入战斗 drop-off center电子垃圾回收中心 deal with处理;涉及;做生意 at the same time 同时 push for奋力争取 take back收回,撤回(所说的话或想 法) 长难句分析 主题语境大拓展 1. This was dangerous because e-waste contains harmful 1. 主语系动词 表语 原因状语从句 A chemicals ( that can leak into the environment, getting 语隔导读 文章讲述了几个十几岁的年轻人为了帮助减轻 定语从句,修饰chemicals 电子垃圾对环境造成的影响,想出了循环利用电子垃圾的办 into crops, animals, water supplies and people)] 法,并影响了更多人的故事。 现在分词短语作伴随状语 1.A 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中“WhenAlexLin 句意:这很危险,因为电子垃圾含有有害的化学物质 was 11 years old. he read an alarming article in the (这些化学物质)可能会泄漏到环境中,进人农作物。 newspaper, which said that people were burying old computers 动物、水源和人(的身体)里。 in backyards, throwing TVs into streams, and dumping(丢 英语 D3 高考快递·练习生 高中英语·必修第三册·YL 6.C 2. Then, they sent out a survey and found [ only 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“thebrickshavea 主语 谓语 宾语从句 过语 宾语 melting point higher than 35oC and can be used for a longer one in eight knew (what e-waste was ), let alone knew time than traditional bricks”可知,Matee发明的新型砖块比 谓语 宾语从句 谓语 主语 传统的砖块熔点高,使用时间更长,即它们保持良好状态 (how to properly dispose of it)]. 的时间更长。故选C。 宾语从句 7.A 考查推理判新。根据倒数第二段中“PET,commonly 句意:然后,他们进行了一项调查,发现只有八分之一 used for plastic bottles, which can be made into the same form 的人知道电子垃圾是什么,更不用说知道如何妥善 easily againandaain”可知,PET材料制作的塑料瓶可以一 处理它了。 次又一次地被做成同样种类的东西,即PET塑料瓶易于再 3. In 20l6, WIN helped 1 push for an e-waste bill in their 利用。故选A。 主语 谓语 省略to的动词不定式作宾语 词汇积累 town, [ which required companies (that manufactured or sold 名词:containern.容器:集装箱,货柜 construetion n. 建 which引导的非限制性定语从句 that引导的定语 造,建筑;创立,构建;构造,结构;建筑物combination electronics) to take back e-wastel. n.结合体,联合体;结合,联合 recyelern. 回收者;回收 从句,修饰先行词eompanies 站;回收机:回收桶 句意:2016年,WIN帮助在他们的镇上奋力争取了一项 动词:quitr.离开(工作岗位、学校等):停止,戒掉 电子垃圾法案,该法案要求制造或销售电子产品的 形容词:uneontrolledad. 不受控制的;无序的 公司收回电子垃圾。 affordable adj.便宜的,付得起的 B 副词:typicallyadu.典型地,有代表性地;一般,通常;一向 语隔导读)我们每年使用大量的一次性塑料,而一次性塑料 如此地 短语:a huge amount of 大量的 需要几个世纪甚至更长时间才能分解,它正在对地球造成巨 cause damage to...给..... 大的破坏。现在,来自肯尼亚内罗毕的29岁女性Nzambi 带来破坏(损害) endup结束;死亡 be used for被用 Matee正在通过将塑料袋、塑料容器和其他塑料废弃物制成 于 work as担任;以.....身份工作 砖头的方法来应对这场全球性的危机。 in the end终于,最后 melting point 熔点 be made into 被制成:被做成 again and again再三地,反复地 be 4. D 考查主旨大意。根据第一段中“We use a huge amount mixed with与.....混合在一起 dependon取决于;依 of singlc-use plastie each year-we buy one million plastic 赖;依靠 bottles each minute around the world. Plastic waste: a material 长难句分析 that can take centuries or more to disappear, is causing great damagetotheplanet.”可知,第一段主要写了我们每年使用 1. However, plastic waste produced in many countries typically 主语 大量一次性塑料的现象,并指出了塑料废弃物正对地球造 过去分词作定语 成巨大的破坏。本段的目的是说明我们在使用塑料中的 enls up in open, uncontrolled landfills. ( most of which finally 谓语 不负责的表现。故选D。 就语 enters the ocean either by wind or through waterwavs). 。技巧点拨 巧解段落主旨大意题 非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词plasticwaste 段落主旨必须能够简洁明了地概括全段的主要内 句意:然而,许多国家产生的塑料废弃物通常最终进人 容,具有高度的综合性。段落中的其他句子都是对主旨 开放、无序的垃圾填理场,这些废料中大多数最终通 句的进一步解释、说明或拓展。解答这类试题时,考生 过风或水路进入海洋。 通常要带着问题重点看段落的首尾句,抓住关键字眼。 2. Now. Nzambi Matee, a 29-year-old woman from Nairobi. 主语 从而把握主旨。如第4题,根据第一段中的前面几句可 同位语 Kenya. 知,作者写这些内容的目的是阐述我们在使用塑料中的 is dealing with this global crisis ( by recycling 谓语 不负责任的表现,因为塑料废弃物正对地球造成巨大的 宾语 破坏。故选D。 bags, containers, and other waste products into bricks 方式状语 5.C 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段中“After seeing plastic used for constnuction projects). waste along Nairobi's streets, she decided to quit her job and 过去分词作定语,修饰bricks built a small lab...where she in the end developed a machine 句意:现在,来自肯尼亚内罗毕的29岁女性NambiMatee that produces the newbricks.”可知.Matee是在街道上看到 正在通过回收塑料袋、塑料容器和其他塑料废弃物制成 了塑料废弃物,意识到塑料污染问题后,才决定辞去工作 可以用干建筑工程的砖来应对这场全球危机。 从而去发明了一种能生产新型砖块的机器。故选C。 D4 1英语 参考答案及超详思路 3. Matee and her team gain much of the raw product from 物为基础的饮食的好处。故选C。 主语 谓语 宾语 - 技巧点拨 “七选五”在段末设空的试题解题技巧 factories and recyclers, and sometimes it's free, ( which “七选五”在段末设空的选项通常为结论句或概括 状语 性语句。考生应注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论或总 alloas the company to reduce the price point on the product 结等的语句。如第5题,根据空格前的关键句 非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句内容 “Research shows that a global shift to a more plant-based and make it more affordable for schools and homeowners) diet could reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases by 70% 句意:Matee和她的团队从工厂和回收商那里获得了很 多原材料,有时候原材料是免费的,这使得该公司可 lv2050.”可知,以植物为基础的饮食可以减少温室气 体排放,对环境是有好处的。C项“此外,它对你的身体 以降低产品的价格点,使学校和房主更能负担得 起它。 也是一个更健康的选择。“与这句话衔接自然,且该项 中的it指代的就是a more plant-based diet。故选C。 4. The plastic waste is mixed with sand, heated and then 主语 谓语 宾语 谓语 pressed into bricks, ( which are sold at different prices. 词汇积累 谓语 宾语 定语从句,修饰bricks 名词:schedule n. 计划(表),进度表 activist n.积极分子 depending on thickness and colour) 活动家campaignern.(尤指政治或社会变革的)运动 句意:塑料废弃物与沙子混合,加热,然后压制成砖,砖 领导者,运动参与者 corporationn.市政当局,社团,法 根据厚度和颜色以不同的价格出售。 人(团体);公司contributorn.促成因素;捐赠者;作出 IlI.语篇导读文章介绍了应对气候变化的3种方法。 贡献者:撰稿人.投稿人 shifn.改变,转变;轮班工作 1. G 由上文“If 2021 is the wake-up call. then 2022 is the 时间;轮班工作的人 动词:normalizev.(使)正常化,常规化 year of taking the urgent action needed to deal with climate 形容词:urgentadf. 紧急的,急迫的;急切的,催促的 change.”可知,接下来应讲述过去一年的极端天气带来的 costlyad.昂贵的,值钱的;造成严重损失的,代价大的 影响,且下句中的They指代G项中的”extreme weather events and rapidly changing weather pattern",因此 G 项“过 plant-basedadi.以植物为基础的 短语:wake-up call警讯;敲响警钟;叫醒服务 top priority 去的一年见证了极端天气事件和快速变化的天气模式。” 符合题意。故选G。 首位:优先:重中之重:优先考虑的事;优先权 sustainable fashion环保时尚 fashion industry 流行工业 2. E 由上文"Activists and campaigners everywhere continue to makep组成,构成:和解,和好;编造:化妆;可持续时 be frustrated(使.....沮丧) by the lack of action from world 尚 wish list意愿清单 pickup捡起;整理;(开车) leaders and corporations.”指出的许多领导人或企业仍无动 接:取:(不费力地)学会 于衷可知,下文应表示“尽管如此,我们还是可以在日常生 活中做一些事情来减少碳足迹”。故选E。 Part C Extended reading. Project, 3. F 上文"Sustainable fashion, meanwhile, is clothing that is made from environmentally-friendly materials.”指出可持续时 Assessment & Further study 尚是环保的,对环境友好。F项“它(可持续时尚)在制造 过程中是无害的,并且负责任地使用自然资源。”承接上文 内容,其中It指代上文的Sustainable fashion。故选F. 4. A 由上文"A full-grown tree absorbs 48 pounds of carbon dioxide per year. Trees contribute much to cleaning the air." 可知,本段讲的是树的好处。A项“它们也是防止洪水的 好方法。”承接上文,符合题意。故选A。 5. C 由上文"Research shows that a global shift to a more plant-based diet could reduce the emissions of greenhouse gasesby70%by2050.”可知,以植物为基础的饮食可以减 少温室气体排放,对环境是有好处的。C项“此外,它对你 的身体也是一个更健康的选择。”承接上文,继续说明以植 英语 D5 。1 高考快递·练习生 高中英语·必修第三册·YL 副词:partly adr.部分地,在某种程度上 短语:be suited to 适合于 search for 寻找;搜索 associate professor 副教授 be estimated to 据估计 be linked to 主题语境大拓展 与......连接;与......有关联与.....有联系. refer to参 考;涉及;指的是;适用于 balance out相抵,平衡;抵消 1.语导读文章介绍了由于气侯变暖,危北极熊正在 take over接管;接收;取代 与灰熊进行杂交繁殖,创造出“灰北极熊”。杂交的“灰北 长难句分析 极能”的数量正在增加。 1. Endangered polar bears are breeding(繁殖) with 1. C 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“As the worldwarms and grizzly 主语 谓语 Arctic sea ice thins, starving polar bears are being forced ever further south...”可知,随着全球变暖和北冰洋的冰变薄,饥 bears(灰熊),(creating"pizzly”bears),(which is being 宾语 结果状语 饿的北极能正在被迫越来越向南(迁移).因此北极熊向南 非限制性定语从句,修情 迁移是为了缓解饥饿。故选C。 driven by climate change). scientists say. 整个主句内容 2.B 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“Usually,hybrids aren't 句意:科学家们说,潮危北极熊正在和灰熊一起繁殖 better suited to their environments than their parents, but 创造出了“灰北极熊”,这是由气候变化驱动的。 these hybrids are able to search for a broader range of food 2.(As the world warms and Aretie sea ice thins), starving sourees...”可知,杂交的“灰北极熊”能寻找更广泛的食物 原因状语从句 资源,比它们的父母更能适应自然环境。故选B polar bears are being forced ever further south. (where 主语 谐语 3.B 考查词义猜测。根据倒数第二段画线词后文 非限制性定语从 "Actually, the calories they gain from these sources do not they meet grizzlies), (whose rangs are exnanding northwards) 句,修urther south 非限制性定语从句,修饰rizlies balance out those they bum from searching for them."及下一 句"This could result in a habitat ready for the hybrids to move 句意:由于全球变暖和北冰洋的冰变薄,饥饿的北极熊 正被迫进一步向南,在那里它们遇到灰熊。灰熊的 in and take over, leading to a loss in biodiversity if polar bears (活动)范围正在向北扩展。 are replaced.”可知,由于食物不足,北极熊很可能被“灰北 3. This sudden fall is linked partly to"pizzly" bears(taking up 极熊”取代,这是北极熊生存的关键阶段。atippingpoint 谓语 主语 宾福 意为“转折点”,相当于acriticalstage“关键阶段”。故 polar bears' ranges), (where they out-compete them), but 选B。 现在分词作后置定语 非限制性定语从句,修饰ranges 4.C 考查主旨大意。根据第一段“Endangeredpolar bears also to polar bears' highly specialized diets are breeding(繁殖)with grizzly bears(灰熊),creating 宾语 'pizzly' bears, which is being driven by climate change. 句意:这种突然下降在某种程度上与占据了北极熊的(活 scientists say.”和倒数第二段中“This could result in a 动)范围的“灰北极熊”有关,在那里“灰北极熊”胜过了 habitat ready for the hybrids to move in and take over, leading 北极熊,但(下降)也与北极熊高度专业化的饮食有关。 toa loss inbiodiversity..."以及文章大意可知,由于全球变 l.语隔导读文章告诉我们,垃圾分类是保护环境的好方 暖,杂交的“灰北极熊”的数量正在上升。故选C。 法,我们都应该积极参与实践。 词汇积累 1.are produced 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。结合语境可 知,句子描述现在的一般性情况,应用一般现在时:produce 名词:characteristicn. 特征,特点,特色 compromise n. 折 与主语”more garbage andpollution”之间是被动关系,谓语 中,妥协:妥协方案,折中办法 应用被动式;主语“more garbage andpollution”是复数,be 动词:thinv.(使)变薄.(使)变稀 expandv.扩大,增加; 动词应用are。故填are produced。 扩展,发展;细谈,详述 out-competev.超过;胜出 2. lays 考查时态和主谓一致。结合语境可知,句子描述现 形容词:endangered adj.(动植物)危的 starving adj.饥 在的一般性情况,应用一般现在时;分析句子结构可知 饿的;挨的 massiveadi. 非常严重的;大量的,大规 which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前边的整个句子,从句 模的 谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填lays。 3. As 考查连词。as isknowntoall为固定短语,表示“众所 D6 英语 参考答案及超详思路 周知”,且句首单词的首字母要大写。故填As。 Il1 4. measures 考查名词的数。take measures to do sth为固 写作指导 定短语,表示“采取措施做某事”,此处用名词复数表泛指。 文本分析 故填measures。 本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了Peter和lsabel经过儿时 5. to relieve 考查非谓语动词。结合语境可知,把垃圾分 类是为了缓解上文提到的环境压力,空处应用不定式形式 在里面玩要的Tubman公园时,发现公园破败不堪,垃圾涩 地,于是决定想办法改变公园的面貌的故事。在Evans夫人 作目的状语。故填to relieve。 的建议下,他们决定向环境保护组织GoGreen寻求帮助。 ·技1巧点拨 语法填空中的非谓语动词题的解题策略 写作思路 在给出的提示词是动词的情况下,如果句中已有谓 1.关键信息 语动词,且空格处所填的词不作句子的并列谓语,此时 who(人物): Peter: Isabel: Mrs. Evans: Go Green, a non 可判断空格处所填的词应该是非谓语动词。接下来考 profit organization 虑提示词和其逻辑主语之间的关系:现在分词表“主 where(地点):Tubman park;the City Hall 动”和“进行”;过去分词表“被动”和“完成”;动词不定 what(事件):Peter和Isabel决定想办法改变儿时在里面玩 式表示“动作尚未发生”。在掌握非谓语动词句法功能 要的Tubman公园的面貌 的前提下结合句意处理相关题目。如第5题,句中已有 why(原因).Tubman公园破败不堪.垃圾满地 谓语“shouldsort”,所以空格处要填非谓语动词。根据 2.段落续写 句意可知,此处应使用动词不定式作目的状语。故填 ①由第一段首句“一周后,Peter紧张地站在大厅的后面 to relieve。 环境保护组织GoGreen正在那里开会。”可知,第一段可措 写Peter向GoGreen作报告的情况。 6. fully 考查副词。空处修饰动词used,应用副词形式作状 ②由第二段首句“会后,Isabel兴奋地把这个好消息告诉了 语,full的副词形式是fully,表示“充分地”。故填fully。 Peter。”可知,第二段可描写得知GoGreen同意提供帮助 7. to 考查介词。toalargedegree为固定短语,表示“在很大 后,Peter和lsabel的反应及他们接下来的打算。 程度上”。故填to。 3.续写线索 8. an 考查冠词。take an active part in为固定短语,表示 感到紧张--顺利完成报告--得到好消息--与Evan “积极参与”。active的发音以元音音素开头,前面应用不 夫人分享快乐。 定冠词an。故填an。 4.词汇激活 ①行为类 9.us 考查代词。空处作介词for的宾语,应用代词的宾格 弄糟:screw up/mess up 形式。故填us。 开始:begin/start 10. difference 考查名词。makea difference为固定短语 同意,赞成:approve/agree 表示“有影响”。故填difference。 ②情绪类 词汇积累 难以置信地:unbelievably/incredibly 兴奋地.excitedly/with excitement 名词:burdenn.负担,责任;负重,负荷 参考范文 动词:coexistv.同时存在,共存:和平共处 sort x. 整理 把.....分类,练选 overemphasize v.过分强调 A week later, Peter stood nervously at the back of the hall rhere Go Green cas meeting. Finally. it was time for him to do benefitv对(某人)有用,使受益:得益于,得利于 the presentation. Standing in front of several experts from Go 形容词:convenientadj.方便的,便利的;附近的,方便到达 Green. Peter was nervous in fear of screwing things up. But 的 recyclablead可回收利用的,可再循环的 unbelievably, when he began to speak, everything went so simifica可tad.显著的,相当数量的:重要的,意义重大的 smoothly. His voice was clear and influential, and his speech was 短语:play a vital role in在.....起着至关重要的作用 in logical and well-organized. Peter ended his presentation with a response to为了响应;为了应对 garbage classification deep bow and went out to wait for Go Green's decision. 垃圾分类 make gooduse of充分利用;很好地使用 in A.ter the meeting, Isabel excitedly told Peter the good nens. return作为报答 Their idea was approved and Go Green agreed to provide the put... into practice将.....付诸实践 money they needed to purchase the trash bin. Peter smiled. It (实施)have a profound influence on.l.对....有深远 meant not only their efforts paid off, but also Tubman park would 的影响 make joint efforts做出共同的努力 makea restore its cleanness and tidiness. Peter and Isabel decided to tell difference有影响,有关系 Mrs. Evans the good news first and then worked out the next step they needed to take 英语 D7