Unit 4 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第一册创新导学案word（译林版2020）

Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading Teen faints after skipping meals 女生多餐未进食后晕厥 STONECHESTER—A teenage girl fainted yesterday at Stonechester High School after skipping meals. 斯通彻斯特高中——昨天，斯通彻斯特高中一名女生多餐未进食后晕厥。 Jennifer Jones, 15, told friends in her class that she was feeling unwell. 珍妮弗·琼斯，十五岁，曾告诉同班的朋友自己感到不适。 She then passed out in her morning PE lesson and was rushed to hospital. 之后她在上午的体育课上晕厥，被紧急送往医院。 词句自测 ①faint vi. 昏厥　adj. 昏眩的；微弱的；可能性不大的 ②pass__out 昏迷，失去知觉 Jennifer was found to have dangerously low blood sugar levels and was treated immediately. 珍妮弗被发现血糖已经低到了很危险的程度，立刻接受了治疗。 Her worried parents told the doctor that their daughter missed breakfast that day and hardly touched her dinner the night before. 珍妮弗的父母忧心忡忡，他们告诉医生，女儿当天早晨未进食，前一天的晚餐也几乎没动。 Fortunately, she is now out of danger. 幸运的是，她现在已经脱离了危险。 Her doctor says that she will make a full recovery in a day or two. 医生说，她一两天后就能完全康复。 词句自测 ③immediately adv. 立即，马上　conj. 一……就 Jennifer's classmates hope to see her back at school soon. 珍妮弗的同学希望看到她能尽快回到学校。 They say that she has struggled with eating problems for a long time. 他们说，珍妮弗为饮食问题已经挣扎很久了。 ●“Jennifer thought that skipping meals would be a simple way to reach her target weight，” her friend Laura Williams told our reporter. “珍妮弗认为不吃饭会是一种达到目标体重的简单方式，”她的朋友劳拉·威廉姆斯告诉我们的记者。 ●“She has not eaten breakfast for the last few months. “最近几个月，她一直不吃早餐。 She told me she had trouble concentrating in class. 她对我说，她上课很难集中注意力。 I warned her that skipping meals was unhealthy, but she wouldn't listen.” 我提醒过她，不吃饭是不健康的，但她不听。” 词句自测 ④concentrate vi.& vt. 集中(注意力、思想等)；全神贯注 ⑤that skipping ... target weight是thought的宾语从句，从句中skipping meals是动名词短语作主语，to reach her target weight是动词不定式短语作a simple way 的后置定语。 ⑥时间状语为for the last few months，谓语动词用现在完成时。 Jennifer's case is a reminder of the dangers of the unhealthy weight­loss habits that have become common among teenagers of both sexes. 珍妮弗的例子提醒人们，不健康减肥习惯存在着危险，这种习惯在青少年中十分常见，不管是男生还是女生。 ●In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly. 在一个往往以瘦为美的社会中，青少年有时采取极端的方法快速减肥。 词句自测 ⑦sex n. 性别 ⑧extreme adj. 极端的；严重的　n. 极端不同的感情 (或境况、行为方式等) ⑨slim vi. 变苗条，减肥　adj. 苗条的；微薄的，小的 ⑩slim__down 变苗条，减肥 ⑪where being thin ...是a society的定语从句，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。 According to a recent survey of senior high school students' lifestyles, almost one fifth of teenagers regularly skip meals, one in ten over­exercise and four per cent even take weight­loss medicine. 根据近期一项针对高中生生活方式的调查显示，近1/5的青少年经常性地不吃饭，1/10的青少年运动过度，4%的青少年甚至服用减肥药。 Health experts are concerned about these figures. 健康专家对这些数字表示担忧。 They are increasing their efforts to educate teenagers about the side effects of losing weight too quickly. 他们正加大力度教育青少年有关快速减肥的副作用。 They have also warned them against using such extreme methods. 他们也提醒青少年不要采取这种极端的方式。 词句自测 ⑫per__cent n. 百分之…… ⑬concerned adj. 担心的，忧虑的；关注的，关切的 ⑭effect n. 效果，作用；影响 ⑮side__effect 副作用 “These so­called ‘quick­fix methods’ prove to be harmful to teenagers. “这些所谓的‘急速法’已证实对青少年有害。 It is normal for teenagers to be slightly overweight and there is no reason why they should be worried. 对青少年来说轻微超重是正常的，他们没有理由为此焦虑。 ●However, for those who are dangerously overweight, it is very important that they try to lose weight properly，” said an expert. 然而，对于严重超重的人，他们尝试适当地减肥是十分重要的。”一位专家表示。 词句自测 ⑯prove linking v. 后来被发现是　vt. 证明，证实 ⑰slightly adv. 稍微，略微 ⑱who are dangerously overweight是定语从句，关系词who在从句中作主语，主句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。 She pointed out that it is important to have a healthy balanced diet since teenagers are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition to function well. 她指出，有健康均衡的饮食是十分重要的，因为青少年正在发育，他们的身体需要大量的营养以维持正常运转。 If they do not take in enough food, they may feel weak and get ill easily. 如果他们没有摄入足够的食物，青少年也许会感到虚弱并且容易生病。 词句自测 ⑲diet n. 日常饮食；节食　vi. 节食，进行规定饮食 ⑳nutrition n. 营养 function vi. 起作用，正常工作，运转　n. 作用，功能，职能 take__in 摄入，吸收 She added, “What's more, they should keep regular hours and get plenty of exercise to stay energetic and fit. 她补充说：“此外，青少年应该作息规律，多做运动，以保持精力充沛、身体健康。 ●We strongly encourage all teenagers to follow these lifestyle tips, because living well is the safest and most effective way to get into shape.\” 我们大力鼓励所有青少年遵从这些生活方式的建议，因为良好的生活是强身健体最健康、最有效的方式。\” 词句自测 energetic adj. 精力充沛的，充满活力的 effective adj. 有效的；生效的 get__into__shape 强身健体 because引导原因状语从句；动词不定式短语to get into shape作way的后置定语。 1 skip vt. 不做(应做的事情等)；跳过 vi. 蹦蹦跳跳地走；略过(教材P43) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①She skipped school, and refused to communicate. 她逃学，并且拒绝(与人)交流。 ②They skipped off before the check arrived. 他们在支票到达之前就溜走了。 ③Let's skip over these details and come to the main point. 让我们略过这些细节来谈主要问题吧。 ④You may skip through a book, reading only those passages concerned. 你可以跳读一本书，只阅读那些有关的段落。 ⑤I've heard enough about your job, so skip it! 你的工作我已经听够了，别再提了！ (1)单句语法填空 ①He skipped ________ without saying anything to any of us. ②He skipped ________ the accounts before dinner. ③Jim, we can go ________ (skip) after class. 答案：①off　②through　③skipping (2)单句表达 不吃饭对我们的健康有害。 It's harmful for our health ________________________． 答案：to skip meals 2 pass out 昏迷，失去知觉(教材P44) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①He felt sick and dizzy and then passed out. 他感到恶心，眩晕，然后就昏过去了。 ②His friend passed away yesterday, which made him very sad. 昨天，他的朋友去世了，这让他很伤心。 ③Chinese traditional virtue should be passed down from generation to generation. 中国的传统美德应该被一代代传承下去。 ④Pass the book on to me when you've finished with it. 你看完那本书后请传给我。 ⑤A train would pass through there every few minutes at that time of day. 每天那个时候，每隔几分钟就会有火车经过那里。 (1)单句语法填空 She suffered from a disease that caused her to pass ________ at school. 答案：out (2)单句表达 ①几个星期过去了，她没给我打电话。 The weeks ______________ and she didn't call me. ②这个男人有一个凄苦的童年；在他六岁时，他的父母都去世了。 This man had a miserable childhood; his parents both ________________ when he was six. 答案：①passed by　②passed away 3 immediately adv. 立即，马上　conj. 一……就(教材P44) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①I'll give you an answer immediately I've finished reading your report. 我一看完你的报告就给你答复。 ②These tragic incidents have had an immediate effect. 这些悲惨事件已经有了立竿见影的结果。 名师点津 (1)单句语法填空 If you want to catch that train, you'd better set off for the station ________ (immediate)． 答案：immediately (2)一句多译 她一回到美国就成功地创立了美国红十字会。 ________________________ the United States, she successfully founded the American Red Cross. ＝________________________________ the United States, she successfully founded the American Red Cross. ＝______________________________ the United States, she successfully founded the American Red Cross. 答案：Immediately/Directly/Instantly she returned to; The moment/minute/instant she returned to; As soon as she returned to 4 concentrate vi.& vt. 集中(注意力、思想等)；全神贯注(教材P45) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①So long as you concentrate on your studies, you'll succeed in passing the examination. 只要你专心学习，就会顺利通过考试。 ②Don't be absent­minded. Please concentrate your mind on/upon the experiment. 别走神。请你把注意力集中在实验上。 ③I saw them examining the equipment with great concentration. 我看到他们正聚精会神地检查设备。 名师点津 表示“集中精力于/全神贯注于……”的短语还有： ①pay attention to　②put one's heart into　③be lost in　④fix/focus one's attention on (1)单句语法填空 ①We must concentrate our attention ________ protecting the water resources. ②________ (concentrate) is essential if you want to do a good job. 答案：①on/upon　②Concentration (2)单句表达 吵闹声这么大，我怎么能专心学习呢？ How can I ______________________ my study with so much noise going on? 答案：concentrate on/upon 5 She told me she had trouble concentrating in class. (教材P45) 她告诉我她上课很难集中注意力。 剖析 she had trouble concentrating in class是told 的宾语从句，宾语从句中含有have trouble (in) doing sth “做某事有困难”。 归纳 拓展 ①With a local guide leading the way, they had no difficulty walking out of the forest. 有当地向导带路，他们毫无困难地走出了森林。 ②You can't imagine what trouble I had solving the problem. 你想象不到我解决这个问题有多难。 ③You can't imagine the trouble I have with my housework. 你想象不到我在家务上遇到的困难。 ④There is no trouble in delivering the goods within three weeks. 三周内交货没有问题。 (1)单句语法填空 ①I am not fond of pop music, because I often have trouble ________ (understand) the words. ②He has much difficulty ________ his English pronunciation. 答案：①understanding　②with (2)句型转换 It was not difficult for the police to find out the murderer. →The police had no ____________________________ the murderer. 答案：difficulty/trouble (in) finding out 6 In a society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful, teenagers sometimes turn to extreme methods to slim down quickly．(教材P45) 在一个往往以瘦为美的社会里，青少年有时会借助极端的方法来快速减肥。 剖析 to slim down quickly 为动词不定式作目的状语。 归纳 拓展 ①To avoid confusion with another firm, the name was changed. 更改名称是为了避免和另一家公司(的名字)混淆。 ②To illustrate my point, I have done a comparative analysis. 为了说明我的观点，我已经作了对比分析。 ③Simon made a big bamboo box to keep the little sick bird till it could fly. 西蒙制作了一个大竹盒来饲养这只生病的小鸟，直到它能飞起来。 名师点津 动词不定式可以用作目的状语，但其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。 (1)单句语法填空 Good idea; ________ (find) out more about it, visit this website. 答案：to find (2)单句表达 ①为了让我们从身体和精神紧张中解放出来，我们每个人都需要深入的思考和内心的平静。 __________________________________________________， we each need deep thought and inner quietness. ②为了让庄稼长得更快些，许多农民给庄稼施肥。 Many farmers fertilize their crops ____________________________ grow more quickly. ③我要把他的电话号码写下来，以免忘记。 I'll write down his telephone number ____________________________． 答案：①To free ourselves from the physical and mental tensions　②in order to make them　③so as not to forget it 7 effect n. 效果，作用；影响(教材P45) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①One side effect of modern life is stress. 现代生活的一个副作用就是压力。 ②The surroundings which a child grows up in may have an effect on his development. 小孩成长的环境可能会对他的发展有影响。 ③That deal would create, in effect, the world's biggest airline. 事实上，这一协议将促成世界最大的航空公司的成立。 ④It is reported that the new law will come into effect next month. 据报道，这项新法律下个月生效。 ⑤The recommendations will soon be put into effect. 这些建议即将付诸实施。 易混辨析：affect/effect affect 用作动词，指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”，着重“影响”的动作，有时含有“对……产生不利影响”的意思 effect 用作名词，指“效果，作用”；用作动词，指“按照某人的愿望产生，引起” 巧图妙记 (1)单句语法填空 ①Great scientific achievements will have a positive effect ________ our life as well as society. ②Watermelon is ________ (effect) in reducing both your body temperature and blood pressure. ③Every employee of the company is required to solve the problems in working ________ (effect). 答案：①on　②effective　③effectively (2)单句表达 当地政府采取的措施将下月生效。 The measures taken by the local government will __________________ next month. 答案：come into effect 8 prove linking v. 后来被发现是　vt. 证明，证实(教材P45) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①The book has proved very popular, giving students a sense of motivation and achievement. 这本书被证明很受欢迎，给了学生们动力和成就感。 ②The promotion proved to be a turning point in his career. 这次提升被证明是他职业生涯的一个转折点。 ③The fact proved you (to be) wrong. 事实证明你是错误的。 ④Just give me a chance and I'll prove it to you. 只要给我一个机会，我会证明给你看。 ⑤It is proved that parents' words and behaviors have a deep effect on their children. 事实证明，父母的言行对孩子有很深的影响。 名师点津 当prove作系动词表示“证明是，结果是……”时，不可以使用被动语态，要用主动形式表示被动意义。 (1)单句语法填空 ①He proved ________ his parents that he could make his own living. ②The extra room proved ________ (use) when we had visitors. ③On closer examination, the painting ________ (prove) to be a fake. 答案：①to　②useful　③proved (2)单句表达 这些文件将向你证实，就是他发明了这种机器。 These papers will ________________ that it was he who invented this kind of machine. 答案：prove to you 9 diet n. 日常饮食；节食　vi. 节食，进行规定饮食(教材P45) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①You ought to diet and take more exercise. 你应该节食并且多锻炼。 ②He is on a diet to reduce some weight. 他正在节食以减轻体重。 ③She would take more exercise rather than go on a diet. 她宁愿多做运动也不愿节食。 ④As far as I'm concerned, it is very important for our health to have a balanced diet. 在我看来，均衡饮食对我们的健康是很重要的。 (1)单句语法填空 ①I am a little overweight; I should go ________ a diet. ②The doctor put me ________ a very strict diet. 答案：①on　②on (2)单句表达 由于你在节食，我们就不吃甜食了。 Seeing that you __________________， we won't have dessert. 答案：are on a diet 10 function vi. 起作用，正常工作，运转　 n. 作用，功能，职能(教材P45) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①The machine won't function well if you don't oil it. 你若不给机器加油，它就不能正常运转。 ②On weekdays, one third of the room functions as workplace. 在工作日，这间房间的三分之一充当工作场所。 ③The brain performs a very important function; it controls the nervous system of the body. 大脑发挥着非常重要的功能，它控制着身体的神经系统。 单句语法填空 ①In your new job, you will be expected to perform many different ________ (function). ②Some English adverbs function ________ adjectives. 答案：①functions　②as 11 take in 摄入，吸收(教材P45) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①As we all know, trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. 众所周知，树木吸收二氧化碳放出氧气。 ②Many businesses started up by college students have taken off thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation. 多亏宽松的创业环境，很多由大学生创办的公司都已经取得成功了。 ③There will be many challenges ahead, but I have confidence that I'll take on the burden. 尽管前面有很多挑战，但我有信心勇挑重担。 ④At work, robots will take over most jobs in the manufacturing industries. 在工作方面，机器人将会接管制造业的大部分工作。 (1)写出下列句中take in的含义 ①This is the total cost of the holiday, taking everything in.________ ②Don't be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.________ ③I found it easy to take in what the professor had said.________ 12 get into shape 强身健体(教材P45) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ④I managed to rent a big enough house to take in homeless people.________ 答案：①包括　②欺骗　③理解　④收留 (2)单句表达 ①遵照已故父亲的遗嘱，他有权接管所有的企业。 Following his late father's will, he was given the right to ______________ all businesses. ②我知道您肯定特别忙，我当然不想占用您太多的时间。 I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldn't want to ______________ too much of your time. 答案：①take over　②take up ①I want to get into shape by doing exercise! 我要通过运动使身体强壮起来！ ②The garden is in the shape of a square. 这个花园是方形的。 ③We should not only be healthy, but also be in good shape. 我们不仅应该身体健康，还应该保持好的体形。 ④The potter shaped the clay into a vase. 陶工将粘土做成了一个花瓶。 ⑤The building is shaped like a guitar. 这座建筑物的形状像一把吉他。 名师点津 get into＋n.表示“进入……状态”，类似短语还有： ①get into trouble 陷入困境　②get into office 就职　③get into debt 欠债 (1)单句语法填空 ①The man does exercise every day to keep ________ shape. ②When you have made the dough, shape it ________ loaves. 答案：①in　②into (2)单句表达 ①今年我下定决心要减肥，最终让身体健康起来。 This year I made a decision to lose weight and finally ________________. ②自行车的前轮变形了。 The front wheel of the bicycle was ____________________. 答案：①got into shape　②out of shape 13 frightened adj. 害怕的，惊吓的，受惊的(教材P47) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①He had tried to coax the dog to him but, frightened, it had run off. 他曾试图哄这只狗来自己身边，但狗因为害怕跑掉了。 ②I'm frightened of walking home alone in the dark. 我害怕在黑夜中独自走路回家。 ③I'm too frightened to ask him now. 现在我吓得不敢问他了。 ④His parents frightened him into going to school. 他父母吓得他去上学了。 ⑤He strung the pieces of paper out to frighten birds away. 他把纸张串起来放出去吓鸟。 ⑥She cried out in fright. 她吓得大声叫喊。 (1)单句语法填空 ①What can we do to make the experience less ________(fright)? ②She was ________ (fright) that the plane would crash. 答案：①frightening　②frightened (2)单句表达 ①该地区的恐怖活动已经把大多数游客都吓跑了。 Terrorist activity in the area ________________________． ②它真让人讨厌，因为它快把我的狗吓死了。 It's a blooming nuisance because it ______________________________． 答案：①has frightened most tourists away/off　②frightens my dog to death 14 within prep. 在(某段时间)之内；在(某段距离、范围)之内；在……里(教材P47) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①You should receive a reply within seven days. 你会在七天之内收到答复。 ②Try to do everything within your power. 做每件事你都要尽力而为。 ③Don't put the medicine within children's reach. 别把药放在孩子触手可及的地方。 (1)单句语法填空 ①He lives ________ five minutes' walk of the post office. ②Adjust the driver's seat so that all the controls are ________ reach. 答案：①within　②within (2)单句表达 ①当实验鼠不被允许睡觉时，它们在一个月内都死掉了。 When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die __________________． ②我们对这些情况的态度和观点也会在我们心里引起愤怒。 Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger ____________ as well. 答案：①within a month　②within us 15 From now on, I'll pay more attention to my health rather than my weight.(教材P47) 从现在开始，我会更注重我的健康而不是体重。 剖析 rather than 连接两个并列的宾语。 归纳 拓展 ①I went shopping by bike rather than on foot. 我买东西是骑自行车去的，而不是步行。 ②She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。 ③Bryson decided to quit rather than accept the new rules. 布赖森决定辞职，而不是接受新的规定。 ④You rather than I are going to go camping. 要去野营的是你，而不是我。 名师点津 (1)rather than连接两个不定式时，后一个不定式常省略to。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to的不定式。 He wanted to swim rather than play volleyball. 他想去游泳，不想去打排球。 My mother likes to stay at home at weekends rather than (to) go shopping. ＝Rather than go shopping my mother likes to stay at home at weekends. 妈妈周末喜欢待在家里而不是去购物。 (2)prefer to do ... rather than do ...＝would do ... rather than do ...＝would rather do ... than do ... 宁愿做……而不愿意做…… (1)单句语法填空 ①He, rather than you, ________ (be) on duty today. ②My sister was busy answering e­mails rather than ________ (watch) TV. ③They prefer to go with us rather than ________ (stay) here alone. 答案：①is　②watching　③stay (2)一句多译 他宁愿在家看电视也不愿意去听音乐会。 He ______________________ at home watching TV ________ go to concert. ＝He __________________ at home watching TV ________________ go to concert. ＝He prefers ____________ at home watching TV ______________ to concert. 答案：would rather stay; than; would stay; rather than; to stay; rather than go Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．If you ________ (跳过) meals, you don't get enough energy, and then you feel tired. 答案：skip 2．Compared to ordinary animals, the meat from cloned animals is tastier and offers better ________ (营养)． 答案：nutrition 3．We are working under ________ (极端的) pressure at the present. 答案：extreme 4．Some people will gain weight, no matter how hard they try to ________ (变苗条)． 答案：slim 5．Nobody is quite sure, but poor ________ (日常饮食) and above all long­time alcoholism have much to do with it. 答案：diet 6．Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to f________ normally. 答案：function 7．The ambulance arrived w________ minutes of the call being made. 答案：within 8．The company is trying to create a young e________ image. 答案：energetic 9．Making your own y________ is more trouble than it's worth. 答案：yogurt 10．Technological change is everywhere and affects every a________ of life; mostly for the better. 答案：aspect Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．She nearly passed ________ when she heard the bad news. 答案：out 2．My attitude to money is ________ (slight) easy come, easy go. 答案：slightly 3．The success of the book proved ________ (be) a turning point in his life. 答案：to be 4．Some of the early ventures were ________ (immediate) failures. 答案：immediately 5．I decided to concentrate all my efforts ________ finding somewhere to live. 答案：on 6．The villagers were frightened ________ (see) that the river would burst its bank and flood their home. 答案：to see 7．It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly ________ (concern) about ‘bad’ tables，” given that they're profitable. 答案：concerned 8．It has been demonstrated that this drug is ________ (effect)． 答案：effective 9．I'd rather stay at home and read my novel than ________ (go) hiking. 答案：go 10．Twenty­one marathoners died in ________ (extremely) weather during an annual mountain ultramarathon in Baiyin, Northwest China's Gansu Province. 答案：extreme Ⅲ.单句表达 1．下次你散步的时候，不管在哪里，去欣赏周围的景色、聆听四周的声音、去感受整个世界。 Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, ____________________________， sounds and sensations. 答案：take in all the sights 2．采纳医生的建议，她充分利用她的业余时间通过游泳来强身健体。 Following the doctor's advice, she made the most of her spare time to ______________________________． 答案：get into shape by swimming 3．有的学生在语法上有困难，有的学生在记生词上有困难。 Some students have trouble ________ grammar while others __________________________________ new words. 答案：with; have trouble/difficulty (in) remembering 4．她宁愿步行去上班也不愿开车。 She prefers to walk to work __________________________． 答案：rather than drive a car 5．为避免错误，检查一下你的作文。 Check your composition ____________________________. 答案：to avoid mistakes 课后课时作业(一) Ⅰ　完形填空 People who are cheerful and relaxed are less likely to suffer from colds. It's __1__ that being full of vim and vigor (精力充沛) helps the body __2__ illnesses, say the researchers from Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) in Pittsburgh. “We need to take more seriously the possibility that a __3__ emotional style is a fighter player in disease risk，” says psychologist Sheldon Cohen, the study's lead researcher. In a previous study, Cohen and his colleagues found that people who __4__ to be cheerful and lively were least likely to develop sniffles, coughs, and other cold symptoms (症状)． Those findings were interesting, but they didn't prove that a person's __5__ affects whether he or she gets sick. Instead, it was still possible that a person's underlying personality is what matters. Evidence suggests, for example, that certain people are naturally more likely to be outgoing and __6__， with high self­respect and a sense of __7__ over life. This would mean that who we are, not how we feel, finally decides our __8__ of catching colds. To figure out which mattered more (personality or emotion), the CMU team __9__ 193 healthy adults. The researchers talked to each person over the phone every evening for 2 weeks. They told the researchers about the positive and negative __10__ they had experienced that day. The results showed that everyone in the study was __11__ likely to get infected. Their symptoms, however, __12__ depending on the types of emotions that they had reported over the __13__ two weeks. Scientists __14__ about whether negative emotions or positive emotions have a stronger __15__ on how healthy we are. For now, it can't hurt to look on the bright side more often than not！ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家认为积极的情绪类型能帮助我们减少患病风险。但结果显示，参与研究的每个人被感染的可能性是相等的。 1．A.necessary B．possible C．doubtful D．certain 答案：B　根据后文“say the researchers from Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) in Pittsburgh”可知，这是匹兹堡卡内基梅隆大学(CMU)的研究人员进行的可能的(possible)推测。故选B。 2．A.fight B．reduce C．stop D．remove 答案：A　根据前文“helps the body”以及后文“illnesses”可知，是帮助身体与疾病进行斗争(fight)。故选A。 3．A.negative B．standard C．passive D．positive 答案：D　根据后文“people who __4__ to be cheerful and lively were least likely to develop sniffles”可知，振奋的、活泼的这种积极的情绪有助于成为疾病风险中的战斗者。negative “消极的”；standard “标准的”；passive “被动的”；positive “积极的”。故选D。 4．A.failed B．managed C．tended D．had 答案：C　根据后文“least likely to develop sniffles, coughs, and other cold symptoms (症状)”可知，性格倾向于(tend)活泼开朗的人最不容易出现流鼻涕、咳嗽等其他感冒症状。故选C。 5．A.thought B．attitude C．strength D．quality 答案：B　根据后文“whether negative emotions or positive emotions”以及“look on the bright side”可推知，一个人的生活态度(attitude)会影响他或她是否生病。故选B。 6．A.active B．optimistic C．brave D．healthy 答案：B　根据前文“outgoing and”可知，设空处应填与“outgoing”意义并列，形容性格的词。active “积极的；活跃的”；optimistic “乐观的”；brave “勇敢的”；healthy “健康的”。故选B。 7．A.control B．humour C．direction D．urgency 答案：A　根据前文“high self­respect”可推知，有高度自尊的人也有着对生活的掌控(control)感。故选A。 8．A.attitudes B．sufferings C．chances D．emotions 答案：C　根据“finally decides our __8__ of catching colds”可知，是我们自己本身决定了患感冒的可能性(chance)。故选C。 9．A.examined B．watched C．tested D．interviewed 答案：D　根据后文“193 healthy adults”可知，CMU团队采访(interview)了193名健康成年人。故选D。 10．A.characters B．feelings C．attitudes D．thoughts 答案：B　根据前文“To figure out which mattered more (personality or emotion)”可知，研究人员为了弄清楚性格和情感哪个更重要，于是他们采访研究对象当天经历的积极和消极的感受。“feelings”与“emotion”为情感方面的词。故选B。 11．A.equally B．less C．most D．hardly 答案：A　根据后文“Their symptoms, however, __12__ depending on the types of emotions that they had reported over the __13__ two weeks.”可推知，尽管研究对象的症状因情绪类型而不同，但是他们被感染的可能性是相等的。equally “同样地，相等地”。故选A。 12．A.occurred B．differed C．suffered D．reduced 答案：B　根据后文“depending on the types of emotions that they had reported”可知，他们报告的情绪类型是不同的。因此，他们的症状因情绪类型不同而有所不同。occur “发生”；differ “不同”；suffer “遭受”；reduce “减少”。故选B。 13．A.same B．exact C．valuable D．previous 答案：D　根据前文“The researchers talked to each person over the phone every evening for 2 weeks.”可知，研究人员每天晚上都和研究对象进行电话交谈，持续两周。因此，到研究结束为止，症状是之前两周发生的。previous “先前的”。故选D。 14．A.talk B．know C．argue D．think 答案：C　根据前文“Their symptoms, however, __12__ depending on the types of emotions”可知，研究结果显示研究对象的症状因情绪类型不同而有所不同，但没有体现出积极情绪和消极情绪哪个对人们的健康影响更大。因此科学家对此进行争论(argue)。故选C。 15．A.effect B．feeling C．impression D．image 答案：A　根据“whether negative emotions or positive emotions have a stronger __15__ on how healthy we are”可知，此处表示争论消极情绪或积极情绪哪个对我们的健康有更大的影响(effect)。故选A。 Ⅱ　阅读 A teenager from the UK almost died because of an addiction to unhealthy exercise. Lisa Fouweather, 19, was so addictedW1 to working outP that she ran half marathons before breakfast. She started to practice running, hoping to become excellent at her running club, but quickly became addicted. She was hardly eating to keep in shape. The teen's meals would only include a few pieces of food from her “safe foods” list which was mainly fruit and vegetables. She would avoid anything containing sugar or fat. “I would throw my orange juice and bread out of the window when my parents left the room，” she said. At one point, her weight dropped to just 75 pounds—around 34 kg. This helped to improve her running in the short­term when, in fact, her whole life was falling apart. It affectedW2 her education as she would turn up late to school every day to finish her morning running. She said, “Six­mile runs became half marathons, all on an empty stomach before breakfast. Upon my return, I would eat only fruit.” However, although warned by her parents, Lisa refused to admit she had a problem and wouldn't give up her way of working out until one day she had a heart attack after her running and was rushed to hospital, where she was diagnosedW3 with anorexic (厌食症) and banned from exercise. “I was told that I could have died because my heart was under great pressure.” She was given dieting advice by doctors to help treat her eating disorders. Thanks to hard work and professional help, she managed to put a stop to her extreme exercise and dieting and has been in recovery for nearly three years. Lisa said, “I want people who are going through the same problem as I did to know that there is help and support out there, and don't wait until you're at breaking point to seek that help.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。一名来自英国的青少年Lisa Fouweather (丽莎·福威瑟)因为沉迷于不健康的运动而差点死亡，她告诫和她具有相同情况的人要及时寻求帮助。 1．Why did Lisa start practicing running at first? A．To become great at the running club. B．To keep in shape. C．To help her with her diet. D．To improve her education. 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“She started to practice running, hoping to become excellent at her running club (她开始练习跑步，希望能在跑步俱乐部成为一名优秀运动员)”可知，Lisa最初练习跑步是因为她想在跑步俱乐部变得优秀。故选A。 2．Which of the following is NOT the reason why Lisa ended up in hospital? A．She ran half marathons on an empty stomach. B．She had an unhealthy way of eating. C．She didn't get any warning from others. D．She wouldn't quit her wrong way of exercise at first. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She would avoid anything containing sugar or fat.(她会避免吃任何含糖或脂肪的东西。)”和第四段中的“Six­mile runs became half marathons, all on an empty stomach before breakfast.(六英里跑变成了半程马拉松，早餐前都是空腹。)”以及第五段中的“However, although warned by her parents, Lisa refused to admit she had a problem and wouldn't give up her way of working out(然而，尽管受到父母的警告，Lisa拒绝承认自己有问题，并且也不愿放弃自己的锻炼方式)”可知，C项(她没有得到别人的任何警告。)不是Lisa住院的原因。故选C。 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．There are many people going through the same problem as Lisa did. B．Lisa can provide help and support to people with the same problem. C．You can wait for help if you're going through the same problem. D．People with the same problem should ask for help in time. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I want people who are going through the same ... until you're at breaking point to seek that help.(我希望那些和我一样有同样问题的人知道，他们会得到帮助和支持，不要等到崩溃的时候才去寻求帮助。)”可推知，有同样问题的人应该及时寻求帮助。故选D。 4．Which section of a website might this passage probably be taken from? A．Science. B．Technology. C．Health. D．Nature. 答案：C　推理判断题。根据第一段“A teenager from the UK almost died because of an addiction to unhealthy exercise.(一名来自英国的青少年因为沉迷于不健康的运动而差点死亡。)”并结合最后一段她告诫和她具有相同情况的人要及时寻求帮助可知，本文讲述的内容与健康有关。由此可推知，短文来自于网页的健康板块。故选C。 W重点单词 1．addicted adj. 上瘾的 2.affect v. 影响 3．diagnose v. 诊断 P重点短语 work out 锻炼 Ⅲ　语法填空 When the Lebanese director Nadine Lebaki was doing research for her film Capernaum (《何以为家》), she interviewed many children __1__ (struggle) for survival in Beirut and asked them one question __2__ the end of the conversations. The question was, “Are you happy to be alive？” Sadly, the __3__ (true) is that most of the answers were in the negative. The children from poverty­stricken __4__ (family) talked about their miserable situations __5__ they were abused (辱骂) and badly treated. The 2­hour film begins with a story about Zain, __6__ 12­year­old boy who asks the parents why he is brought to the world with flashback shots about his sufferings appearing constantly. He is indeed a strong and wise character, although __7__ (physical) smaller than his real age. Besides, most of the other actors found it easy for them __8__ (act) because similar experiences even happened in __9__ (they) real life. So far, the film which premiered (首映) at the film festival __10__ (receive) a lot of praise. 1．__________　2.__________　3.__________　4.__________5．__________　 6.__________　7.__________　8.__________ 　9．__________　10.__________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。黎巴嫩电影《何以为家》以12岁的男主角Zain (赞恩)在家庭中的遭遇为主线，反映了许多贫困地区的孩子在家庭中也遭遇虐待的现实情况。该电影在首映时广受好评。 1．struggling　考查非谓语动词。many children与struggle在逻辑上构成主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填struggling。 2．at　考查介词。at the end of “在……末尾”，为固定搭配，故填 at。 3．truth　考查词性转换。根据定冠词the可知，设空处应用名词。故填truth。 4．families　考查名词。此处表示来自很多贫困家庭的孩子们，且family为可数名词，应用复数。故填families。 5．where　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词situations，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 6．a　考查冠词。根据设空后的“12­year­old boy”可知，此处表示泛指“一个12岁的男孩”；且12的英文发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词。故填 a。 7．physically　考查词性转换。应用副词修饰形容词smaller，故填physically。 8．to act　考查非谓语动词。find＋it ＋形容词＋for sb to do “某人发现做某事怎样”，为固定句式；it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。故填to act。 9．their　考查代词。应用形容词性物主代词修饰名词life，故填 their。 10．has received　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。so far “到目前为止”，是现在完成时的标志；且主语the film是单数，谓语应用第三人称单数。故填has received。 Ⅳ　应用文写作 假如你是李华，请你针对目前中学生越来越关注自己的外表，而缺少学识，在表达自己思想与情感方面存在困难这一情况，给校长写一封信，希望他给学生讲一下： 1．如何正确理解“美”的含义； 2．如何处理同学之间的争执； 3．推荐一些书籍。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Headmaster， I am writing to ask you to give us a talk about what we students should be in school and what the real beauty is. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Best wishes! Yours truly， Li Hua [精彩范文] Dear Headmaster， I am writing to ask you to give us a talk about what we students should be in school and what the real beauty is. As you know, there is an increasing tendency that we pay more and more attention to our appearance. However, for lack of knowledge, we have difficulty conveying our feelings and thoughts. Meanwhile, my classmates don't know how to deal with the quarrels between them, and nor do I. Even some boys wear long hair while some girls wear strange clothes. To be honest, it is more and more important to help us students have a right attitude towards beauty. And please recommend some books about it to us to read in our spare time so that we can improve greatly. Best wishes! Yours truly， Li Hua 课后课时作业(二) 阅读 A The food we eat seems to have a great effect onP our health. Although science has made big steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of human illness is related to food and forty percent of cancer is related to food as well. That food is related to illness is not a new discoveryW1. In 1945, some researchers realized that things commonly used to keep colour in meats and other food additivesW2 caused cancer. Yet, these additives remain in our food, and it is difficult to know which things on the wrappingsW3 of foods are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to their animals, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of cows. Sometimes similar things are supplied to animals not for their health, but just to make a profit. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to get a higher price on the market. Although some countries have tried to control such things, the practice continues. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是食物可以让我们生存，但是现在的很多疾病也是与食物有关的，所以我们要特别注意自己所吃的食物。 1．According to this passage, we can know ________． A．perhaps most of human illness is caused by what we eat B．perhaps most kinds of cancer are related to what people eat C．cancer was discovered in 1945 D．science has made food unfit to eat 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of human illness is related to food and forty percent of cancer is related to food as well.(一些研究表明，人类大约80%的疾病与食物有关，40%的癌症也与食物有关。)”可知，也许大多数人类疾病是由我们的饮食引起的。故选A。 2．Things that are used to keep colour in meats are ________． A．harmful B．useless C．helpless D．dangerous 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“In 1945, some researchers realized that things commonly used to keep colour in meats and other food additives caused cancer. (1945年，一些研究人员认识到，通常用于肉类着色的物质和其他食品添加剂会导致癌症。)”可知，用来保持肉类颜色的东西是有害的。故选A。 3．People use additives ________． A．to make food more unfit to eat B．to improve the colour and taste of the food C．to change colour of the food D．to take off the disease of the food 答案：B　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“In 1945, some researchers realized that things commonly used to keep colour in meats and other food additives caused cancer. (1945年，一些研究人员认识到，通常用于肉类着色的物质和其他食品添加剂会导致癌症。)”可推知，人们往往使用添加剂来改善食物的颜色和味道。故选B。 4．All the additives ________． A．are bright and colourless B．are not bright and colourful C．have indirect effects on our health D．have direct effects on our health 答案：C　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“The additives which we eat are not all so direct.”可知，我们吃到的添加剂对健康影响并不是直接的。由此可推知，所有的添加剂对我们的健康都有间接的影响。故选C。 W重点单词 1．discovery n. 发现 2.additive n. 添加剂 3．wrapping n. 包装 P重点短语 have an effect on ... 对……有影响 B Experts are warning about the risks of extremely pickyW1 eating after a teenager living on a diet of chips and crisps developed lasting sight loss. Eye doctors in Bristol cared for the 17­year­old after his sight had gone to the point of blindness. Tests showed he had serious vitamin deficiencyW2. Dr Denize Atan, who treated him at the hospital, said, “His diet was basically a portion of chips from the local fish and chip shop every day. He also used to snack on crisps and sometimes white bread and ham, and not really any fruit and vegetables.” The teenager saw his doctor at the age of 14 because he had been feeling tired and unwell. At that time he suffered fromP vitamin B12 deficiency, but he did not stick with the treatment or improve his poor diet. Three years later, he was taken to the Bristol Eye Hospital because of progressive sight loss. He was not overweight or underweight, but he had lost minerals from his bones, which was really quite shocking for a boy of his age. In terms of his sight loss, he met the standards of being blind. “He had blind spots right in the middle of his sight，” said Dr Denize Atan, “That means he can't drive and would find it really arduous to read, watch TV or recognize faces.” Dr Denize Atan said that parents should learn about the harm that can be caused by picky eating, and turn to experts for help. For those who are concerned, she advised, “It's best not to be anxious about picky eating, and instead calmly introduce one or two new foods with every meal.” She said multivitamin tablets can supplement (补充) a diet, but cannot take the place of eating healthily. “It's much better to take in vitamins through a varied and balanced diet，” she said, adding that too many certain vitamins, including vitamin A, can be harmful, “so you don't want to overdo it.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章围绕健康的饮食习惯展开，以一个男孩因为过度挑食，饮食不均衡，喜好垃圾食品最后导致失明的例子告诫大家要健康饮食，不要挑食。 5．What does Dr Denize Atan imply in Paragraph 1? A．The diet of the boy is not balanced. B．Fruit and vegetables are rich in vitamins. C．Picky eating is common among teenagers. D．The cause of the boy's disease is unknown. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Tests showed he had serious vitamin deficiency.(测试显示他严重缺乏维生素。)”及Denize Atan (丹尼兹·阿坦)医生说的话“His diet was basically a portion of chips ... and not really any fruit and vegetables.(他的饮食基本上是每天从当地的炸鱼薯条店买一份薯条。他以前也吃薯片，有时吃白面包和火腿，不吃任何水果和蔬菜。)”可推知，男孩的饮食极度不均衡。故选A。 6．Why did the boy go to see his doctor at the age of 14? A．To improve his poor diet. B．To get some help to lose weight. C．To be treated for his discomfort. D．To slow down his progressive sight loss. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The teenager saw his doctor at the age of 14 because he had been feeling tired and unwell.”可知，这位青少年在十四岁的时候去看了医生，因为他一直觉得累和不舒服。故选C。 7．What does the underlined word “arduous” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Important. B．Easy. C．Necessary. D．Difficult. 答案：D　词义猜测题。根据画线词前“He had blind spots right in the middle of his sight (他在视力正中间那里有盲点)”以及“That means he can't drive”可知，他不能开车，由此可推知，他的视力很糟糕，所以很多需要视力的事情对他来说都很难。结合画线词后提及阅读、看电视或者辨别人脸，这些事情都是需要视力的，因此推断画线单词意为“困难的”，与difficult同义。故选D。 8．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．Reasons why the boy is seriously ill. B．Suggestions for the boy's family to care for him. C．Advice for parents worried about picky eating. D．Ways of taking in enough vitamins and minerals. 答案：C　段落大意题。通读最后一段，结合“For those who are concerned, she advised ... one or two new foods with every meal.’”可知，最后一段主要围绕给担心孩子挑食的父母提建议展开。故选C。 W重点单词 1．picky adj. 挑剔的 2．deficiency n. 缺乏 P重点短语 suffer from 患……病；遭受 C Dieting to lose weight has become very popular in recent years. People have become more health conscious and try to take better care of their bodies by eating more healthily and exercising more regularly to lose any unnecessaryW1 fat that they may have. Not only are people being more careful about what they eat, they are also concerned withP how they eat and how their meals are prepared. People are taking more time for each meal. Many avoid the so­called “plastic” fast­food hamburgers and choose to eat a salad or a sandwich of more healthful ingredients in a quiet restaurant with a more comfortable atmosphereW2. At home, they also try to take enough time to eat a relaxed dinner without phone or TV interruptions. While dieting may be viewed as beneficial, it has also become a serious problem for Americans, particularly for young women. Dieting for them has actually become a psychological (心理的) addiction. They eat so little that they can lose as much as fifty percent of their total body weight, and although they look like skeletons, they still insist that they are fat. The current wave of exercising, dieting and the problems produced have caused many organizations to begin educating the public. Many schools, hospitals, health organizations, newspapers and magazines, for example, are offering classes, printing articles and so on to inform the public of the way to exercise and diet of the dangers of dieting too rapidly, and of the places people can go for medical help if they find themselves on the road to “diet addiction\”. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。当今人们更加有健康意识，通过更健康的饮食和更有规律的锻炼来减肥，以保证身体健康。但是也有一些年轻女性过度节食，因此社会各界组织采取相应的措施呼吁人们健康饮食。 9．These days people are dieting more because ________． A．they are getting fatter and fatter B．they realize the danger of junk food C．they grow aware of health D．they eat more healthily 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“People have become more health conscious and try to take better care of their bodies by eating more healthily and exercising more regularly”可知，人们现在更加有健康意识了，并努力通过更健康的饮食和更有规律的锻炼去减肥。故选C。 10．Which way of eating is strongly advised in the passage? A．Enjoying food with phones on. B．Finishing dinner in a short time. C．Avoiding a salad or a sandwich. D．Eating in a relaxed atmosphere. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“At home, they also try to take enough time to eat a relaxed dinner without phone or TV interruptions.(在家里，他们也会花足够的时间在没有电话或电视干扰的情况下吃一顿轻松的晚餐。)”可知，在轻松的氛围中用餐是强烈推荐的。故选D。 11．If you are getting into “diet addiction”， what should you do? A．See a doctor. B．Keep dieting. C．Take exercise. D．Attend classes. 答案：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“and of the places people can go for medical help if they find themselves on the road to ‘diet addiction’(如果人们发现自己走上了‘节食成瘾’之路，可以去这些地方寻求医疗帮助)”可推知，如果你开始“节食成瘾”，应该去看医生。故选A。 12．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．What organizations are offering medical service. B．Where people with dieting addiction can go for help. C．How people are helped to solve dieting problems. D．What causes the organizations to educate the public. 答案：C　段落大意题。根据最后一段第一句“The current wave of exercising, dieting and the problems produced have caused many organizations to begin educating the public.(当前的运动、节食浪潮以及由此产生的问题已经导致许多组织开始对公众进行教育。)”可知，最后一段主要在讲如何帮助人们解决节食问题。故选C。 W重点单词 1．unnecessary adj. 不必要的 2．atmosphere n. 氛围；气氛 P重点短语 be concerned with 关心 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$