Unit 3 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading-【金版教程】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第一册创新导学案word（译林版2020）

Section Ⅰ　Welcome to the unit & Reading Friendship on the rocks: please advise! 友谊陷入困境：急需建议！ Amy 埃米 Monday 12/10　9：13 p．m. 星期一　10月12日　晚上9：13 My best friend and I have been close for eight years. 八年来，我和我最要好的朋友一直特别亲密。 ●When I was an awkward primary school student, she was the popular girl who was willing to make friends with me. 当我还是个拘谨的小学生时，她这个备受欢迎的女孩就愿意和我做朋友。 词句自测 ①on__the__rocks (关系)陷于困境，濒临崩溃 ②awkward adj. 局促不安的；令人尴尬的；难对付的；笨拙的 ③when引导时间状语从句，who was willing to make friends with me为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词girl，who在从句中作主语。 Since then, a close friendship has grown between us and she's been almost like a sister to me. 从那时起，我们之间就建立了亲密的友谊，她就像我的姐姐一样。 Whether we're walking to school, doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend, we're hardly out of each other's sight. 不论是走路去上学、做作业，还是周末出去闲逛，我们俩几乎没有离开过对方的视线。 But last Saturday, she broke my heart, and I'm still picking up the pieces. 但上周六，她伤了我的心，我到现在还在收拾心情。 词句自测 ④sight n. 视野；视力；看见 ⑤out__of__one's__sight 脱离某人的视线 Our original plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon. 那天下午我们最初的计划是去电影院看电影。 ●But in the morning, my friend posted a message on social media saying she had a cold. 但早晨我朋友在社交媒体上发了一条信息，说她感冒了。 When I called her, she said she might not be able to make it to the cinema. 当我打电话给她时，她说她也许不能去看电影了。 “Don't worry，” I said.“Get some rest. We can wait till you get better.” “没事，”我说。“好好休息吧。我们可以等到你好了(再去)。” 词句自测 ⑥original adj. 起初的；独创的；原作的 ⑦medium n. 传播信息的媒介，方法；手段，工具　adj. 中等的，中号的 ⑧social__media 社交媒体 ⑨make__it 能够出席；准时到达；获得成功 ⑩现在分词saying作后置定语，修饰a message。 Today, however, I received a horrible surprise. 然而今天，我收到了一个令人震惊的惊喜。 A classmate told me she had seen my friend chatting with another girl in a café on Saturday afternoon. 一位同学告诉我，她周六下午看见我朋友在咖啡厅和另一个女孩聊天。 How stupid I was! 我多么傻啊！ My friend's “illness” was a complete lie! 我朋友所谓的“生病”完全就是一句谎话！ Instead of recovering at home, she was out having fun with someone else. 她并没有在家养病，而是和别人出去玩了。 词句自测 ⑪horrible adj. 令人震惊的；可恶的，极坏的 ⑫chat vi.& n. 聊天，闲聊 ⑬café n. 咖啡馆，小餐馆 ⑭recover vi. 恢复健康；恢复常态　vt. 全额收回；寻回；重新获得；恢复，重新控制 ●I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day, and I still don't feel like responding to any of her online messages. 我如此生气以至于在学校里我一整天都躲着她，我也不想回复她的任何在线信息。 The stress of this situation is killing me, and I'm at a loss what to do next. 这种情况带来的压力让我难受死了，我不知道接下来可以做什么。 词句自测 ⑮respond vi.& vt. 回答，回应；作出反应，响应 ⑯loss n. 失去，丧失；亏损；去世；损失 ⑰at__a__loss 不知所措，困惑 ⑱该句由and连接的两个分句构成，第一个分句中so ... that ... 表示“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句。 Cindy 辛迪 Monday　12/10　9：52 p．m. 星期一　10月12日　晚上9：52 I'm so sorry! But this friendship is worth saving: eight years is a long time! 我很抱歉！但是这份友情是值得挽回的：八年是一段很长的时间！ Don't be so quick to judge your friend. 别这么快就给你的朋友下结论。 Perhaps she knows she's in the wrong and wants to apologize, or maybe she has a simple explanation for her behaviour. 或许她知道自己有错，想向你道歉，又或许她可以明白地解释自己的行为。 词句自测 ⑲judge vt.& vi. 评价，(尤指)批评；判断，认为 n. 法官；裁判员 ⑳in__the__wrong 有错，应承担责任 apologize vi. 道歉，谢罪 behaviour n. 行为，举止，态度 In any case, find an opportunity to have a full and frank talk with her. 无论如何，找个机会和她深入、坦诚地谈谈。 Listen to what she has to say, and be sure to explain how you feel. 听听她说什么，你也一定要说出自己的感受。 I'm sure you can solve this problem together. 我相信，你们能一起解决这个问题。 词句自测 case n. 具体情况，事例；案件；容器 in__any__case 无论如何，不管怎样 frank adj. 坦率的，直率的 David 戴维 Tuesday　13/10　8：11 p．m. 星期二　10月13日　晚上8：11 I definitely understand how you feel. 我完全理解你的感受。 ●I also had a friend whom I trusted a lot. 曾经我也有一个特别信任的朋友。 When I found out that I was tricked by him, I was really hurt and let go of our friendship. 当我发现被他欺骗之后，我真的好伤心，放弃了我们的友谊。 I know you value your friendship and want your friend to value it equally. 我知道你有多么珍惜你们的友谊，并且希望你朋友也同样珍惜它。 词句自测 definitely adv. 肯定，确实；确切地 trick vt. 欺骗，欺诈　n. 诡计，花招；戏法 let__go__of 放弃，摒弃；松手，放开 whom I trusted a lot是定语从句，修饰先行词a friend，关系词whom在从句中作trusted的宾语，whom可以省略。 However, if your friend ignores your feelings or makes you suffer, it's time to rethink your relationship. 可是，如果你朋友忽视你的感受，或者让你痛苦，那就是时候重新思考一下你们的关系了。 ●Talk to her and decide whether this friendship is still important to you. 跟她谈谈，然后再决定这份友谊对你来说是否仍然重要。 It's sad to move on, but you have to accept that friends come and go in life. 放手固然令人伤感，但你必须接受这点——生命中，朋友就是有聚有散。 词句自测 ignore vt. 忽视，对……不予理会 suffer vi. 受苦，受折磨；变差　vt. 遭受，蒙受 whether this friendship is still important to you 是decide的宾语从句，连接词whether 表示“是否”。 1 Whether we're walking to school, doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend, we're hardly out of each other's sight. (教材P30) 不论是去上学、做作业，还是周末出去玩儿，我们俩几乎形影不离。 剖析 whether ... or ... 引导让步状语从句，表示“不论是……还是……”。 归纳 拓展 ①A person has the right to vote, whether he is male or female. 无论是男性还是女性，每个人都拥有选举权。 ②I'm going whether you like it or not. 不管你愿不愿意，我都要走了。 ③I'd appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. 如果你能提前告诉我你是否会来，我将不胜感激。 (1)单句语法填空 Tom should praise his effort regardless of ________ his team wins or losses. 答案：whether (2)单句表达 ①告诉我你有没有兴趣。 Tell me __________ you are interested. ②所有人，无论年轻还是年老，这里都欢迎。 All people, ____________________________________________， are welcome here. 答案：①whether or not　②whether they are young or they are old 2 sight n. 视野；视力；看见(教材P30) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①When I was walking in the street, I caught sight of my boss. 当我走在街上时，看见了我的老板。 ②Yet we must never lose sight of each and every individual life in the face of the epidemic situation. 但在疫情面前，我们绝不能忽视每一个人的生命。 ③After we walked for a long time, a village was in sight finally. 我们走了很长时间之后，最终一个村落映入了眼帘。 ④The baby cried at the sight of his mother. 那个婴儿一看见他妈妈就哭起来了。 ⑤We'll fire as the enemy come into sight. 敌人一进入视野，我们就开火。 名师点津 sight也可指“风景，名胜”，是眼睛所能看到的景象，可以指美丽的风景，也可以指悲惨的景象。常用复数sights 表示名胜古迹，人文景观等。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Our final day, Friday, sees us visit central Paris and tour the main ________ (sight)． ②We fell in love with the house ________ first sight. ③She was frightened ________ the sight of the snake. 答案：①sights　②at　③at (2)单句表达 ①见到一只鹰在天上飞，他很高兴。 He was happy to ________________________ an eagle flying in the sky. ②她向我们说了“再见”，然后就消失在人群中。 She said “Goodbye” to us and then we ______________________ her in the crowd. 答案：①catch sight of　②lost sight of 3 Our original plan was to see a film at the cinema that afternoon. (教材P30) 那天下午，我们的原计划是在电影院看电影。 剖析 to see a film为动词不定式作表语，表示将要发生的动作。 归纳 拓展 ①Here is a message for you, you are to go to the office after class. 这里有给你的留言，你下课后到办公室去。 ②Don't go out now; we are about to have lunch. 现在不要出去了，我们马上就要吃午饭了。 ③I'm going to the hospital to visit my brother. 我要去医院探望我的弟弟。 (1)单句语法填空 ①They said goodbye, little knowing they were never ________ (meet) again. ②The troops are about ________ (set) out. 答案：①to meet　②to set (2)单句表达 会议将在今天下午3点举行。 The meeting __________________ at 3 o'clock this afternoon. 答案：is to be held 4 make it 能够出席；准时到达；获得成功(教材P30) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①Ed couldn't make it so they sent me instead. 埃德去不了，所以他们就派我去了。 ②The train leaves in five minutes—we'll never make it. 火车再有五分钟就开了——我们绝对赶不上了。 ③It's a very difficult examination, are you sure you can make it? 这次考试很难，你确定你能通过吗？ ④—When shall we meet again? —Make it any day you like; it's all the same to me. ——我们什么时候再见面？ ——随你定在哪天，我无所谓。 ⑤Lucy almost died, but they operated on her and she made it. 露茜濒临死亡，但他们给她做完手术以后，她转危为安了。 名师点津 (1)make it to 可以指“到达某地”。 (2)make it 中的it 有时为形式宾语，后接形容词作宾语补足语。 (1)写出下列句中make it的含义 ①I thought Grandpa was too old to climb onto the top of the hill, but somehow he eventually made it.________ ②Frank was very ill, and the doctors didn't think he'd make it.________ ③The train leaves at 9：00 sharp; I think we shall make it.________ ④As for our next meeting, let's make it the day after tomorrow.________ 答案：①达到目标　②痊愈　③准时到达　④约定时间 (2)选词填空(make it/make it to) ①According to the timetable, the train is due to leave in five minutes. We'll never ________ small town before dark. ②—Shall we meet next week? —Yes. Let's ________ next week. 答案：①make it to　②make it 5 A classmate told me she had seen my friend chatting with another girl in a café on Saturday afternoon. (教材P30) 一位同学告诉我，她周六下午看见我朋友在咖啡厅和另一个女孩聊天。 剖析 seen my friend chatting 是“感官动词(see)＋宾语＋宾补”结构。宾补由现在分词短语充当。 归纳 拓展 ①Did you notice a girl in red enter the building? 你注意到一位穿红色衣服的女孩走进楼里面了吗？ ②She hid in the dark and watched him do the dangerous experiment. 她躲在暗处，看他做那个危险的实验。 ③She is often heard to sing songs. 经常有人听到她唱歌。 ④The witness said he saw a little boy crossing the road alone at eight o'clock. 目击者说，在八点的时候，他看到一个小男孩在独自过马路。 ⑤When I got home, I saw the window broken. 我到家时，看到窗户被打破了。 名师点津 可用于“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构的其他常见感官动词或短语：see, look at, listen to, hear, smell, observe, find, watch, notice等。 (1)单句语法填空 ①He was noticed ________ (go) out of the classroom. ②I found him ________ (tie) to a tree when I visited him. ③As a child, she used to listen to birds ________ (sing) in the trees. 答案：①to go　②tied　③singing (2)一句多译 我看见他走出了学校。 I __________________________ out of the school. ＝He ________________________ out of the school. 答案：saw him walk; was seen to walk 6 recover vi. 恢复健康；恢复常态　 vt. 全额收回；寻回；重新获得；恢复，重新控制(教材P30) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①He lost his favorite bike when shopping, but to his surprise, he recovered it at the door of another store at dusk today. 购物时他丢了他最爱的自行车，但是让他吃惊的是，今天黄昏时他在另一个商店的门口又找到了它。 ②The patient is still recovering from his operation. 手术后，病人仍在恢复当中。 ③She seemed upset but quickly recovered herself. 她显得心烦意乱，但很快静下心来。 ④There is now possibility that she will make a full recovery from the disease. 她现在有可能从疾病中完全康复。 (1)单句语法填空 ①She soon recovered ________ (she) and stopped crying. ②I am glad to hear that you have recovered ________ your heart attack. 答案：①herself　②from (2)一句多译 尽管他在车祸中受伤严重，但最终恢复了健康。 Even though he was hurt seriously in the car accident, he finally __________________ it. ＝Even though he was hurt seriously in the car accident, he finally __________________ it. 答案：recovered from; made a recovery from 7 respond vi.& vt. 回答，回应；作出反应，响应(教材P30) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①With the help of his teammate, the operator responded immediately to the accident. 在队友的帮助下，操作员对事故立刻作出了回应。 ②I think it's a duty of the army to respond with action. 我认为用实际行动回击是军队的职责。 ③In response to this problem, various academics proposed many measures and steps. 针对这一问题，各界学者提出了很多对策和措施。 (1)单句语法填空 ①She made no ________ (respond), which made me very angry. ②Netizens responded angrily ________ Facebook's practices. 答案：①response　②to (2)单句表达 看到你们广告上要招收临时服务员，我就写信来应聘。 I am writing ________________ your advertisement for a temporary position as a waiter. 答案：in response to 8 loss n. 失去，丧失；亏损；去世；损失(教材P30) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①For a moment, Tom was at a loss how to respond to her question. 汤姆一时不知怎么回答她的问题。 ②If you suffer a loss, you are guaranteed recovery. 如果你遭遇损失，你将被担保挽回损失。 ③He was determined to try his best to make up for the loss. 他下定决心尽最大努力弥补损失。 ④Lost in thought, he even didn't notice me when I entered the room. 由于陷入沉思，我进入房间的时候他甚至没有注意到我。 (1)单句语法填空 ①When I lose ________ (I) way, you help guide and cheer me on. ②I am ready to do anything to make up ________ the loss. ③Today, the ________ (lose) of data can cause serious problem for a company. 答案：①my　②for　③loss (2)单句表达 我们不知道做什么生意来谋生。 We were ________________ what kind of business to start to make our living. 答案：at a loss 9 judge vt.& vi. 评价，(尤指)批评；判断，认为　n. 法官；裁判员(教材P31) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①As the old saying goes, “You can't judge a book by its cover.” 俗话说，“你不能以貌取人。” ②Judging from her last letter, they are having a wonderful time. 从她的上封信看，他们过得非常愉快。 ③As far as I can judge, Li Ming is more reliable. 据我判断，李明更可靠。 ④It was, in her judgement, the wrong thing to do. 在她看来，那样做是错误的。 ⑤I can't make a judgement on this issue. 我在这一问题上很难作出判断。 (1)单句语法填空 ①He passed ________ (judge) on the guilty man. ②A man should ________ (judge) by his deeds, not by his appearance. ③________ (judge) from his accent, he is from Shanghai. 答案：①judgement　②be judged　③Judging (2)一句多译 据她判断，他不擅长他的工作。 ______________________， he was not very good at his job. ＝________________________， he was not very good at his job. 答案：In her judgement; As far as she can judge 10 apologize vi. 道歉，谢罪(教材P31) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①We apologize for the late departure of this flight. 本航班起飞延误，谨致歉意。 ②The things he said hurt me too, but he has not apologized to me. 他说的话也伤害了我，可他没有向我道歉。 ③My request is that you (should) make an apology to your teacher. 我的要求是你向你的老师道歉。 ④Please accept my apology for not going to your party. 我没来参加您的聚会，请接受我的歉意。 ⑤I owe you an apology. You must have found my attitude very annoying. 我应该向你道歉。你一定觉得我的态度很令人讨厌吧。 (1)单句语法填空 ①I owe you ________ apology—I'm afraid I forgot to send that report. ②He had the grace to apologize ________ me for the insulting remark. 答案：①an　②to (2)一句多译 你应该为你的粗心大意向她道歉。 You should ____________________________ your carelessness. ＝You should ____________________________ your carelessness. 答案：apologize to her for; make an apology to her for 11 behaviour (AmE behavior) n. 行为，举止，态度(教材P31) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①In my view, we should avoid violent behaviour. 在我看来，我们应该避免暴力行为。 ②One should not let bad behaviour go unchecked. 对于不良行为，不能放任不管。 ③Behave yourself and keep quiet for a while. 注意你的举止，安安静静地待一会儿。 ④She was trying to behave as if everything were just fine. 她尽力表现得好像一切都很正常。 ⑤Try to act like a well­behaved child. 试着表现得像个好孩子。 (1)单句语法填空 ①What do you think of the host's ________ (behave) at the stage that day? ②The shop assistants behave very well ________ customers. ③The five­year­old boy was told to behave ________ (he)． 答案：①behaviour　②to/towards　③himself (2)单句表达 她为自己孩子的坏行为向老师道歉。 She apologized to the teacher __________________________． 答案：for her kid's bad behaviour 12 case n. 具体情况，事例；案件；容器(教材P31) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①In any case, if I could do it again, I'd still make the same choice. 无论如何，如果再来一次，我还是会做出同样的选择。 ②In case of any difficulty, call me at once. 如有任何困难，立即打电话告诉我。 ③In case you should need any help, here's my number. 万一你需要帮助的话，这是我的电话号码。 ④He was late for school, as is often the case. 他上学又迟到了，这是常有的事。 ⑤In no case should you leave here. 在任何情况下你都不要离开这里。 (1)单句语法填空 You'd better take the keys ________ case I'm out. 答案：in (2)单句表达 ①如果是这样的话，讨论这个问题就毫无意义了。 ______________， there is no point discussing the problem. ②你决不能把孩子一个人留在家里。 ______________ may you leave the baby alone at home. 答案：①In this case　②In no case 13 trick vt. 欺骗，欺诈　n. 诡计，花招；戏法 (教材P31) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①There is no doubt that some advertisements trick the customers into buying their products. 毫无疑问，有些广告哄骗顾客去买它们的产品。 ②Her partner tried to trick her out of her share. 她的合伙人企图骗走她的股份。 ③The kids are always playing tricks on/upon their teachers. 孩子们老是对他们的老师搞恶作剧。 名师点津 表示“开某人的玩笑；取笑某人”的英语表达方式还有： ①play a joke/jokes on sb 取笑某人；开某人的玩笑 ②make fun of sb 捉弄某人 ③laugh at sb 嘲笑某人 (1)写出下列句中trick的含义 ①It's a tradition to play tricks on others on April Fool's Day.________ ②Her tears were just a trick to cheat others.________ ③Nobody understood how he did the card tricks.________ ④They tricked him into buying the old machine.________ 答案：①恶作剧　②骗局　③戏法　④欺骗 (2)单句语法填空 ①The naughty boys would like to play ________ trick on the old lady. ②It is said that the company was tricked out ________ $20 million last month. 答案：①a　②of 14 let go of 放弃，摒弃；松手，放开(教材P31) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①Doing regular exercise is also a way to let go of angry feeling or feelings of helplessness. 进行常规锻炼也是一种发泄愤怒感和无助感的方式。 ②I hardly had time to think these days, let alone relax. 这些天我几乎都没时间思考，更不用说休息了。 ③The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, letting in the natural light during the day. 玻璃门已取代了入口处的木门，白天时让自然光照进来。 ④He told her she'd let them down and she felt worse than ever. 他对她说，她让他们失望了，于是她难过极了。 (1)单句语法填空 ①When she saw him, she let ________ a cry of horror. ②Her income was barely enough to maintain one child, let ________ three. 答案：①out　②alone (2)单句表达 ①这项工作应以协助父母放松对子女的管教为重点。 The work should focus on helping parents to ______________ their children. ②你做那样的事使我太失望了。 You ________________ doing a thing like that. 答案：①let go of　②let me down 15 ignore vt. 忽视，对……不予理会(教材P31) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①He ignored my advice and failed in the game. 他无视我的忠告，因此输掉了比赛。 ②Many people are worryingly ignorant of the facts about global warming. 许多人不知道地球变暖的事实，实在令人担忧。 ③She was kept in ignorance of her husband's activities. 她对她丈夫的活动一无所知。 (1)单句语法填空 ①Knowledge makes humble; ________ (ignore) makes proud. ②At that time I was ignorant ________ events going on elsewhere. 答案：①ignorance　②of (2)单句表达 也许让她不知道发生了什么事比较好。 It might be better to keep her ________________ what has happened. 答案：in ignorance of 16 suffer vi. 受苦，受折磨；变差　vt. 遭受，蒙受(教材P31) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①As far as I know, he has ever suffered from a serious illness. 据我所知，他曾患有严重的疾病。 ②The gas price dropped sharply, and many countries suffered great losses. 油价急剧下跌，许多国家遭受巨大损失。 名师点津 (1)suffer作及物动词时，其后常接抽象名词，如pain, loss, defeat, damage, punishment, poverty, hunger, hardship等。 (2)suffer作不及物动词时，常与from连用。suffer from指遭受战争、自然灾害带来的苦难及患病或其他之苦，意为“苦于……，患……病”。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The old man went through many difficulties and suffered a lot ________ them. ②The old man is said to have gone through varieties of ________ (suffer) during the war. 答案：①from　②sufferings (2)单句表达 ①这家公司在上一财政年度出现巨额亏损。 The company __________________ in the last financial year. ②我父亲患有高血压。 My father ______________ high blood pressure. 答案：①suffered huge losses　②suffers from 17 contact vt.& n. 联系，联络(教材P33) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①Phones make it more convenient for people to make contact with relatives and friends. 手机使得人们与亲戚朋友联系起来更方便。 ②Have you kept in contact with your classmates after graduation? 你毕业后和同学们还保持联系吗？ ③I have been out of contact with her for three years. 我与她失去联系已有三年。 ④Finally I managed to get into contact with him. 最后我设法和他联系上了。 ⑤In her job she often comes into contact with lawyers. 工作中她常接触律师。 名师点津 keep/be in contact with和be out of contact with表状态，可和时间段连用；而get into/make contact with, lose contact with表示动作，不能和时间段连用。 (1)单句语法填空 ①He made contact ________ many wealthy people in raising money for the project. ②We haven't been ________ contact with each other for ten years. 答案：①with　②in (2)单句表达 你和大学里的朋友还保持联系吗？ Have you kept __________________________ from college? 答案：in contact with your friends 18 explode vi. (愤怒等感情)爆发，迸发；爆炸　vt. 使爆炸(教材P33) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①The bomb exploded, causing a lot of damage. 炸弹爆炸了，造成巨大损失。 ②On seeing his funny expression, we all exploded with laughter. 一看到他滑稽的表情，我们都一下子大笑起来。 ③300 people were injured in the explosion. 有300人在爆炸中受伤。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The protest exploded ________ a riot. ②If the gas pipe explodes, the ________ (explode) may do great damage to the buildings around. 答案：①into　②explosion (2)单句表达 主持人讲了一个笑话，逗得他一下子大笑起来。 The host told a joke which ________________________________． 答案：made him explode with/into laughter 19 generous adj. 宽宏大量的，仁慈的；慷慨的(教材P33) 归纳 拓展 情景 助记 ①I'd like to thank Mary, who's been very generous with her time. 我想感谢玛丽，她非常慷慨投入了大量的时间。 ②He was always generous in sharing his enormous knowledge. 他一直不吝分享自己丰富的知识。 ③Although he was poor, he was quite generous to his needy friends. 他虽穷，但对贫苦的朋友很大方。 ④It is generous of you to lend your portable computer to me. 你把便携式电脑借给我，真是太大方了。 名师点津 generous常与of连用构成不定式的复合结构：It is generous of sb to do sth，表示人的品质。可用于这一句型的形容词还有：friendly, silly, clever, foolish, kind, wise等。 (1)单句语法填空 ①It's very generous of you ________ (offer) to pay for us both. ②While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show ________ (generous) and sympathy. ③When they do what you want them to do, praise them ________ (generous)． 答案：①to offer　②generosity　③generously (2)单句表达 当我处于困境中时，他借钱给我真是太大方了。 ______________________________________ when I was in trouble. 答案：It was generous of him to lend me the money Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．The situation is an ________ (令人尴尬的) one, whichever way you look at it. 答案：awkward 2．We see your going as a great ________ (损失) to the company. 答案：loss 3．To be ________ (坦率的) with you, I think your son has little chance of passing the exam. 答案：frank 4．Our class is made up of 50 lively boys and girls, who are warm and ________ (慷慨的) and ready to offer help. 答案：generous 5．His ________ (行为) towards her was becoming more and more aggressive. 答案：behavior/behaviour 6．Don't m________ me—I am grateful for all you've done. 答案：misunderstand 7．Loneliness can be h________， but it need not remain that way. 答案：horrible 8．There was no taxi in s________， so I had to take a bus into town. 答案：sight 9．I think you should go back to your o________ plan. 答案：original 10．In some c________ people have had to wait several weeks for an appointment. 答案：cases Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．The ________ (explode) had left a hole more than forty miles around. 答案：explosion 2．Many people suffer ________ mental illness at some point in their lives. 答案：from 3．His ________ (ignore) behaviour at the dinner table caused much embarrassment. 答案：ignorant 4．If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick ________ them. 答案：on 5．Though we live in the same city, we have lost contact ________ each other since graduation. 答案：with 6．Jim had been unemployed over five months and he was really on the ________ (rock) now. 答案：rocks 7．I made a careless mistake in the report; please accept my ________ (apologize)． 答案：apology 8．Anyone who has spent time with children is aware of the difference in the way boys and girls respond ________ similar situations. 答案：to 9．She made a quick ________ (recover) from her illness, and was soon back at work. 答案：recovery 10．________ (judge) from what everyone says about him, I would say he has a good chance of winning. 答案：Judging Ⅲ.单句表达 1．她拒绝放弃自己的包。 She refused to ____________ her bag. 答案：let go of 2．当消息传来说他将因超速而被罚款时，司机不知所措。 The driver ______________ when word came that he was going to be fined for speeding. 答案：was at a loss 3．他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。 His ambition is ________________ Harvard University. 答案：to go to 4．我看见他们正在操场上踢足球。 I ________________ football on the playground. 答案：saw them playing 5．不管你是否喜欢，你需要付款。 ______________________， you'll have to pay for it. 答案：Whether you like it or not 课后课时作业(一) Ⅰ　完形填空 Penpals Jill Stretton and Cathie Alexander live half a world apart. However, they've __1__ a faithful correspondence for seven decades. The long­lived letter­writing relationship __2__ in 1950 when 12­year­old Stretton from Australia, was given Alexander's __3__ by a family friend in Scotland. Back then, it sometimes took six weeks for a long­distance letter to reach its __4__， but the pair felt an instant rapport (融洽) after their first __5__ that has only grown __6__ with time. Though the two women didn't meet in person until 1982, they feel as if they truly __7__ with one another, sharing life's milestones through their letters. “She is just like one of the family，” Stretton said. “And we are still as together as we ever were 70 years ago. That is quite __8__ for people who've lost confidence in ever­lasting friendship.” Stretton and Alexander have never stopped __9__ to one another. Along with hopes, dreams, plans' photos, and family updates, through the years, their letters have contained their sweet life __10__—weddings, birthdays, graduation and so on. While they __11__ write letters, with technology developing, Stretton and Alexander have slightly bowed to the times. For longer messages, they've turned to the Internet, but they agree that nothing will __12__ a handwritten note. “Now, we do __13__ to send postcards rather than write long letters because we email now，” Stretton __14__ honestly. But letter writing plays the most important part in their friendship. The two women's story proves that __15__ is nothing when it comes to true friendship. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。相隔大半个地球的两位女士通过书信保持着几十年的友谊，只要是真正的友谊，距离从来不会成为其阻碍。 1．A.ignored B．selected C．recommended D．maintained 答案：D　根据下文“The long­lived letter­writing relationship”可知，她们有长久的书信往来关系，所以她们保持(maintain)了长达七十年的通信。故选D。 2．A.improved B．changed C．began D．disappeared 答案：C　根据下文“in 1950 when 12­year­old Stretton from Australia”可知，1950年应该是她们开始(begin)通信的时间。故选C。 3．A.email B．address C．work D．postcard 答案：B　根据上文“The long­lived letter­writing relationship __2__ in 1950”可知，她们作为笔友开始通信首先需要知道对方的地址(address)。故选B。 4．A.destination B．rate C．power D．intention 答案：A　根据上文“took six weeks”和“reach its”可知，她们之间的信件需要花费六周才能到达目的地(destination)。故选A。 5．A.adventure B．struggle C．exchange D．comment 答案：C　根据上文“but the pair felt an instant rapport (融洽) after their first”可知，她们有了交流(exchange)之后才会感到契合。故选C。 6．A.stronger B．more confusing C．smaller D．more awkward 答案：A　此处指随着更多的交流，这种融洽的感觉更加强烈(stronger)。故选A。 7．A.broke down B．grew up C．turned up D．settled down 答案：B　根据下文“sharing life's milestones through their letters”可知，几十年来，她们通过书信分享着彼此的生活中的重要事件，虽然一直没有见面，但感觉就像是一起长大的。break down “分解；出故障”；grow up “成长”；turn up “出现；调大”；settle down “定居”。故选B。 8．A.typical B．frightening C．convenient D．inspiring 答案：D　根据上文“And we are still as together as we ever were 70 years ago.”可知，她们的友谊几十年如一日，这对于那些对友谊丧失信心的人来说是一种鼓舞，inspiring “鼓舞人心的”。故选D。 9．A.applying B．speaking C．writing D．traveling 答案：C　根据下文“through the years, their letters have contained their sweet life”可知，她们几十年来一直通过写信分享彼此的生活，她们从未停止写信(write)。故选C。 10．A.solutions B．memories C．challenges D．sufferings 答案：B　根据下文“weddings, birthdays, graduation and so on”可知，她们在信中分享的都是她们生活中美好的事情，这些都是属于她们的美好回忆(memory)。故选B。 11．A.still B．gradually C．never D．eventually 答案：A　根据上文“while”和下文“For longer messages, they've turned to the Internet”可知，虽然她们仍然(still)在写信，但对于较长的信息她们转向了网络，此处表示让步关系。故选A。 12．A.determine B．impact C．measure D．replace 答案：D　根据上文“but”可知，前后是转折关系，表明虽然她们用电子邮件发长信，但她们认为没有什么能取代(replace)手写的信件。故选D。 13．A.pretend B．tend C．refuse D．fail 答案：B　根据下文“rather than write long letters because we email now”可知，她们用电子邮件发长信，在线下倾向于寄明信片。tend to do “倾向于”，故选B。 14．A.apologized B．asked C．admitted D．escaped 答案：C　设空后的“honestly”说明Stretton(斯特雷顿)承认(admit)她们现在用电子邮件发长信，线下寄明信片这个事实。故选C。 15．A.distance B．quality C．knowledge D．profession 答案：A　根据下文“nothing when it comes to true friendship”并结合全文可知，两位女士虽然相隔很远，但是她们几十年来用书信保持着彼此的友谊，并且友情没有因为距离受到任何影响，所以距离(distance)不会妨碍真正的友谊。故选A。 Ⅱ　阅读 What people say is only one aspectW1 of good communication. Good listening skills and body language are also important for us to effectivelyW2 communicate with others. Effective communication involves more than talking to a person. How things are said, words are chosen and tones are adopted are all aspects of good communication. Body language, a common form of non­verbal communication, can support what a speaker is saying. Studies have shown that of the information that is received from other people, only 10% is from what they say and 40% is from the tone and speed of their voice. The other 50% is obtained from their body language. Reading body language is part of developing social skills. Some professionalsW3, such as lawyers, governmental security officers and doctors on mental problems, learn to read every type of body language of others to help in their jobs. They look for specific signs, while the average person reads some body language subconsciously (下意识地). Body language can involve one aspect such as the eyes, or the use of different body parts. Where the body is positioned in relation toP another person or at a table is another piece in communicating what the person is feeling. Troubles may arise (出现) when body language is misunderstood. Good listening skills clear the way to a clear message while bad listening skills create barriers which can confuse or stop the message. Good listeners can use body language by nodding occasionally to show interest and understanding, make eye contact with the speaker, repeat some of the words and feelings, and summarize what they have heard. All these can avoid communication troubles. Poor listeners rarely communicate effectively. Barriers they commonly use may include: interruptions, inappropriate humor, judgments, criticisms, and unrelated questions. People who are attempting to communicate with a person who continually throws out barriers will often stop talking and they even get angry as they feel misunderstood and frustrated. Healthy minded people are able to communicate with others effectively by avoiding these barriers. They are able to let their partners know what they want regularly and clearly. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述有效的沟通不仅仅是与人交谈，良好的倾听技巧和肢体语言也很重要。 1．What can we learn from the first paragraph? A．Speakers usually pay little attention to what they said and what words and tones they use. B．Good communication means talking to a person effectively with right tones and speed. C．Body language and listening skills are highly involved in successful communication. D．The manner of communication is determined by the listener rather than the speaker. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Good listening skills and body language are also important for us to effectively communicate with others.”可知，肢体语言和倾听技巧对于成功沟通很重要。故选C。 2．According to the studies, body language ________． A．makes up 40% of the information received from communication B．sometimes leads people to misunderstand what others have said C．can remind the listeners of what the speakers are actually expressing D．can only be correctly read by people with excellent social skills 答案：C　推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“The other 50% is obtained from their body language.(另外50%的信息来自于他们的肢体语言。)”可推知，肢体语言可以提醒倾听者说话的人实际想表达的意思。故选C。 3．Which of the following reactions of a listener may create difficulties in communication? A．Making a summary of what he has heard. B．Repeating the speaker's words and ideas. C．Showing his feeling to the speaker. D．Bringing in an unrelated topic suddenly. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句“Poor listeners rarely communicate effectively. Barriers they commonly use may include: interruptions, inappropriate humor, judgments, criticisms, and unrelated questions.”可知，不好的听众很少有效地沟通。他们常用的障碍包括：打断、不恰当的幽默、判断、批评和不相干的问题。所以D项(突然引入一个无关的话题)可能造成沟通困难。故选D。 4．What's the author's purpose of writing this text? A．To emphasize that communication involves more than talking. B．To introduce different types of non­verbal communication. C．To suggest ways to effectively communicate with others. D．To discuss the different effects of good and poor listening skills. 答案：A　推理判断题。通读全文尤其是根据第一段第一句“What people say is only one aspect of good communication.(人们所说的只是良好沟通的一个方面。)”及第三句“Effective communication involves more than talking to a person.(有效的沟通不仅仅包括和一个人说话。)”可推知，本文的目的是强调沟通不仅仅包括如何说话。故选A。 W重点单词 1．aspect n. 方面 2．effectively adv. 有效地 3．professional n. 专业人员 P重点短语 in relation to 与……有联系 Ⅲ　语法填空 Whether it is a child, a teenager, a middle­aged person __1__ an old person, everybody needs good friends. During __2__ (child), friendship helps us understand and develop the habit of sharing and caring. Small kids develop friendship faster than adults and they enjoy the company of their friends. They play and learn together. Making friends __3__ (be) important for their proper growth and __4__ (develop). As teenagers, friends become more important for us. We go through many __5__ (change) during our teenage life. Many of the problems __6__ (face) during this age cannot be discussed with our parents and other family members. However, we are quite comfortable communicating with our friends. Having good friends __7__ can listen to our problems and offer us support and guidance is indeed a lucky thing during this age. More and more people these days __8__ (suffer) from mid­life crisis (中年危机). Their family, job, kid and almost everything around begin to appear __9__ struggle to them at this age. Having good friends at this time can help them a lot. Friends are important for old people too. If they have friends around their life remains __10__ (joy) and interesting. 1．__________　2.__________　3.__________　4.__________ 5．__________　6.__________　7.__________　8.__________ 9．__________　10.__________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了朋友对人成长的各个时期的重要性。 1．or　考查连词。句意：无论是小孩、青少年、中年人还是老人，每个人都需要好朋友。根据句意可知，此处为选择性关系。whether ... or ... “无论是……还是……”。故填or。 2．childhood　考查词性转换。句意：在童年时期，友谊帮助我们理解他人和养成与人分享以及关心他人的习惯。根据句意可知，设空处表示在童年时期，介词during后接childhood作宾语。故填childhood。 3．is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；句子为一般现在时，故填is。 4．development　考查词性转换。and连接两个并列名词作宾语。故填development。 5．changes　考查名词。根据设空前的many可知，此处应用名词复数。故填changes。 6．faced　考查非谓语动词。Many of the problems与face在逻辑上是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填faced。 7．who/that　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词good friends，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词。 故填who/that。 8．are suffering　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：如今越来越多的人正遭受中年危机的折磨。根据句意可知，本句为现在进行时，主语More and more people为复数，故填are suffering。 9．a　考查冠词。struggle为可数名词，此处泛指“一种挣扎”，且struggle的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 10．joyous/joyful　考查词性转换。remain为系动词，后接形容词作表语。故填joyous/joyful。 Ⅳ　应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的笔友Lynn最近很苦恼，因为不善于表达，与同学交流出现诸多问题。请你给她回一封信，内容包括： 1．表达安慰； 2．分析现状； 3．提出建议。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 [精彩范文] Dear Lynn， Sorry to learn that you are having trouble in communicating with your classmates. I am writing to give you a helping hand. I quite understand your depression, since it is quite common for a shy student like you to have difficulty associating with others. Probably, your classmates just feel unsure whether you are interested in their topics. To help you out, I highly suggest you step out of comfortable zone and take an active part in after­class activities where you can naturally establish a closer relationship and find common talking materials. Hopefully, you can find your problem solved soon! Yours， Li Hua 课后课时作业(二) 阅读 A Friends are important to children. Research shows that children who have no friends can suffer from difficulties later in life. Friendship provides children with more than just fun. In making friends, children learn how to get in touch with others and solve problems. Having friends even does good to children for they can help each other during class. If the parents are concerned about whether their children make many friends, what matters is that the child is comfortable and happy with his friends. Parents need to understand the steps children take in building friendships. First of all, be a friend to your child. Good friendships start at home. Children begin to develop the necessary ability to go out and meet others through getting along with their parents. Greet the child warmly and let him know you are glad to see him. Children learn a lot from how their parents stay with them and other people. Teach children how to solve conflicts. Being able to work out conflicts is an important skill in getting along with others. If parents know the children have a conflict, let them work it out on their own. Only step in if it is really necessary, for example, an argument is getting physical. Give children chances to practice staying together. Have children play games that require cooperation. For example, races are fun and provide plenty of practice in teamwork. Encourage children to show thanks to others. The parents can encourage children to do this by setting the example for them. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了朋友对孩子来说非常重要，父母应该鼓励孩子多交朋友。 1．According to the article, if one child has no friend, he will ________． A．have some trouble in the future B．worry about everything in the future C．not know the importance of making friends D．not find anybody to help him 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Research shows that children who have no friends can suffer from difficulties later in life.”可知，没有朋友的孩子会在将来遇到困难。故选A。 2．Friendship can be helpful to the children EXCEPT ________． A．providing a lot of fun B．getting in touch with others C．solving the problems D．helping to cheat in the exams 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第一段第三、四、五句“Friendship ... help each other during class.(友谊给孩子们带来的不仅仅是乐趣。在交朋友的过程中，孩子们学习如何与他人联系，如何解决问题。有朋友甚至对孩子们有好处，因为他们可以在课堂上互相帮助。)”可推知，友谊不包括帮助别人作弊。故选D。 3．When the children disagree with each other, the parents should ________． A．let them fight with each other until they find who is the winner B．do nothing to the children and believe in their abilities C．let them work it out by themselves and help if necessary D．talk with them and try to find good ways to stay together 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第三段第三、四句“If parents know the children have a conflict, let them work it out on their own. Only step in if it is really necessary, for example, an argument is getting physical.”可知，如果父母知道孩子之间有冲突，让他们自己解决。只有在确实有必要的时候才介入。故选C。 4．From the text we can know a good friend should know how to ________． A．fall in love with each other B．show thanks to others C．exchange their presents D．ignore their differences 答案：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段第四句“Encourage children to show thanks to others.”可知，好朋友应该知道如何去表达感谢。故选B。 B Some people say that friendship is the only channel through which human beings can ever experience the value of life. In our daily life, it is likely that you share some common interests with others—they may like the same sport, go to the same school or like the same kind of music as you do. Since you often meet them, they become your acquaintances (熟人). Although some people develop many acquaintances, only a few become their good friends in their lifetime because there are differences between acquaintances and friends. It is said that true friendship begins when someone knows what you are really like, but still likes you anyway. A true friend shows loyalty from the very beginning of the relationship. A friend will go through challenges to help you without expecting anything in return. A “friend” today may probably become a “true friend” tomorrow when they get involved in unexpected circumstances (条件) together with you—for example, when you are going through a difficult experience and your friend is there to help you out. However, some acquaintances might leave you when you badly need their help. At this time, you can experience what true friendship is. In our life, some people seem to go through life with plenty of friends. They may be funny or they may have a bright and pleasant personality (性格). For these people, wherever they go, people seem to like them and welcome their company. But when they go through challenging life experiences, some of their friends are not there to help them. Therefore we can say some of their friends are not real friends and their friendship is just skin­deep． However, others seem to go through life with no friends at all. They like to be alone, to travel by themselves or to do their own things. It's a pity that few of these people find success in life because they have no friends. They lack the best gift in life—friendship. 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了友谊在生活中的重要性。 5．What can we learn about acquaintances from the passage? A．You seldom meet them in your life. B．Not all of them can become your friends. C．They are sure to become your good friends. D．They have all of the same interests as you do. 答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“Although some people develop many acquaintances, only a few become their good friends in their lifetime(虽然有些人结识了许多熟人，但只有少数熟人能在他们的生活中成为他们的好朋友)”可知，不是所有的熟人都能成为你的朋友。故选B。 6．You may get to know the meaning of friendship better when you ________． A．get into trouble B．see your friend often C．go to the same school as your friend D．enjoy the same kind of music as your friend 答案：A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When you are going through ... you can experience what true friendship is(当你正在经历一段困难的经历时，你的朋友会帮助你走出困境。然而，一些熟人可能会在你急需他们的帮助时离开你。在这个时候，你可以体验到什么是真正的友谊)”可知，当你陷入困境时，你可能会更了解友谊的意义。故选A。 7．According to the passage, we can know that ________． A．it's easier to lose a friend than to get one B．people without friends are always successful C．it doesn't matter whether one has friends or not D．people with bright personality are easy to have friends 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句“In our life, some people seem to go through life with plenty of friends. They may be funny or they may have a bright and pleasant personality (性格)．(在我们的生活中，有些人似乎一辈子都有很多朋友。他们可能是有趣的，或者他们可能有一个开朗和令人愉快的性格。)”可推知，性格开朗的人很容易交到很多朋友。故选D。 8．What does the underlined word “skin­deep” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Very deep. B．Not deep at all. C．As precious as skin. D．Hidden under the skin. 答案：B　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文的“not real friends”，再结合第三段的内容可知，有一些朋友没有帮助他们，不是真正的朋友，可推断他们的友谊只是表面的，因此画线词的意思为“表面的，肤浅的”。故选B。 C Every New Year, many people make promises to themselves, only to see them fall by the wayside within a few months, weeks, or even days. However, 26－year－old Luke Cameron is not among those people. After losing a close friend known for her generosity (慷慨) died of cancer in 2013, the young man decided to do at least one good deed every day for 365 days and he has not missed one yet. Cameron performed his first good deed on January 1st, 2014, with the simple act of greeting a waitress at a cafe he visited. The next day he bought food and drinks for some homeless people. Cameron's good small deeds have been recorded in an online diary, like taking out the garbage for an elderly neighbor or spending a few hours helping a disabled lady pick out a dress for a party. What's more, the young man has also spent close to ￡4，000 of his own money, buying gifts for children in need. Cameron has created a series of some cards, which he has called “Cards for Kindness”. Each card suggests a simple act of kindness—things like giving a stranger a hug or making peace with an enemy, which is to encourage others to perform good deeds. Cameron's generosity has not gone unnoticed. To reward the young man as he nears the end of his journey, pizza chain Domino's recently awarded him a year's supply of free pizza. Not surprisingly, the big－hearted young man has decided to use the gift to hold special pizza days for charity. His kind deeds have also won him a competition for the job of “National Philanthropy (慈善事业) Manager”． 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Cameron(卡梅隆)因朋友去世而决定日行一善，最终获得人们称赞的故事。 9．What made Cameron determined to do good deeds every day? A．The need of a competition. B．The requirement of his job. C．The death of a close friend. D．The influence of his families. 答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“After losing a close friend known for her generosity (慷慨) died of cancer in 2013, the young man decided to do at least one good deed every day for 365 days and he has not missed one yet.(2013年，在失去了一位以慷慨著称的因癌症去世的密友之后，这位年轻人决定365天每天至少做一件好事，至今还没有错过一件。)”可知，朋友的去世让Cameron决定日行一善。故选C。 10．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The influence of simple acts of kindness. B．The good things that Cameron has done. C．The importance of having close friends. D．The awards that Cameron has received. 答案：B　段落大意题。根据第二段可知，本段主要介绍了Cameron做的一些善事，比如为无家可归的人买食物、帮助年老的邻居倒垃圾、帮助残疾女士为聚会挑选礼服等。故选B。 11．Why did Cameron create “Cards for Kindness”？ A．To record his good deeds. B．To make peace with an enemy. C．To raise money for some charities. D．To encourage people to show kindness. 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“which is to encourage others to perform good deeds(这是为了鼓励别人做好事)”可推知，Cameron制作卡片是为了鼓励他人做好事。故选D。 12．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．No Pains, No Gains B．The Power of Dreams C．A Good Deed Every Day D．The Best Man in Britain 答案：C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文叙述了Cameron决定日行一善的原因，列举了他所做的善事，以及日行一善带来的回报，全文围绕“日行一善”展开，因此C项(日行一善)适合作文章的标题。故选C。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$