专题01 选必二 Unit5 Education知识清单-2024-2025学年高二英语下学期期中考点大串讲(北师大版2019）

专题01 选择性必修二 Unit5 Education 知识清单 B5U5练通核心词汇 1． on his opinion 坚持他的意见 2． economic problems 严重的经济问题 3．have problems 有视力障碍 4．simple and 简单明了 5．under the of water 放在水流下 6． knowledge 宝贵的知识 7． the key to language 理解了语言的关键 8．knowledge and 知识和词汇量 9．discover more words 发现了更复杂的单词 10．such an concept 一个如此抽象的概念 11．have a 取得突破 12． knowledge 获取知识 13． certain careers 从事某些职业 14．give us into how people think 让我们深入了解人们的想法 15．in a manner 以一种文明的方式 16．when you are 当你接受教育时 17． of whether it's easy 不管它是否容易 18．those terrible 那些糟糕的境况 19．every 每位市民 20． of happiness 幸福的定义 21． your appetite 刺激你的食欲 22．a writer 一位才华横溢的作家 23．hold an important 担任要职 24．in the 在教堂里 25．I everything to him. 我的一切都归功于他。 26．step out from the 走出阴影 27．beneficial to 对全人类有益 B5U5 活用拓展单词 根据提示写出相应的单词 1． vt.促进，增进→promotion n．促进，提升 2． n．同情，同情心→sympathetic adj.同情的 3． vt.分析，剖析→analysis n．分析 4． n．哲学家→philosophy n．哲学 5． n．教育工作者→educate v．教育；教导，指导→education n．教育→educated adj. 有教养的；受过……教育(或训练)的 6． vt.评估，评价→evaluation n．评估，评价 7． adv.极其，非常→exception n．例外→exceptional adj.例外的 8． n．限制，规定，约束→restrict vt.限制，规定→restrictive adj.限制性的；约束的 9． adj.难以忍受的；承受不住的→(反义词)bearable adj.可忍受的→bear vt.忍受 10． adj.引起麻烦的；令人烦恼的→trouble n．& vt.麻烦 11． n．倾向→tend v．倾向于；照料 12． vi.理解；相联系→related adj.相关的，有联系的→relation n．关系；亲戚 13． adv.起初→initial adj.起初的 14． n．兴奋，激动→excite vt.使兴奋，使激动→excited adj.兴奋的，激动的→exciting adj.令人兴奋的，令人激动的 15． adj.逐渐的，逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地 16． adj.令人痛苦的；困难的；疼痛的→pain n．痛苦 17． adj.热心的，热衷的→enthusiasm n.热心；热情 18． vi.& vt.(使)扩大；增加→expansion n.扩大；扩展 19． adv.轻柔地；温和地；平缓地→gentle adj.温和的 20． adj.显而易见的；明白的→apparently adv.显然 21． adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappoint v.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望 22． adj.生动的，逼真的→vividly adv.生动地 23． n．目的，目标 adj.客观的→object n．物体 24． adj.批评的，批判的→critically adv.批判地；严重地→(反义词)uncritically adv.无鉴别力地；不加批评地→criticize v．批评；批判；评价→criticism n．批判 25． adj.道德(上)的→morally adv.道德上地 26． n．获得，习得→acquire vt.获得 27． vi.& vt.奉献，捐献→contribution n．奉献；捐款；稿件 28． n．金融；财政→financial adj.财政的；金融的 29． n．经济学→economic adj.经济的→economy n．经济 30． vt.使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露→exposed adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的→exposure n．暴露；揭露 31． adj.四周的，附近的→surround vt.围绕；包围→surroundings n．环境；周围的事物 32． n．判断力；意见，评价；判决→judge n．法官；裁判 v．断定；判断；审判 33． vi.表现→behavio(u)r n．行为，举止 34． n．结论→conclude v．结束；结论 35． adv.各自地→respective adj.各自的；分别的 36． n．责任→responsible adj.负责任的 37． vt.展示；说明→demonstration n．展示；说明 38． vt.评价→assessment n．评价 39． adj.显然的，明显的；易理解的→obviously adv. 明显地 40． n．分析→analyse vt.分析→analyst n．分析师；化验员 41． adj.皇家的；王室的→royalty n．王室成员；皇家 42． adj.效率低的→(反义词)efficient adj.效率高的 43． adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的→worth adj.值得的 n．价值；财产 44． n．宇宙→universal adj.普遍的→universally adv.普遍地 45． vt.赞成；赞许；批准→approval n．批准；赞成→(反义词)disapprove v．不赞成 46． vt.强烈要求；敦促→urgent adj.紧急的→urgency n．紧急情况 47． vt.放弃；抛弃→abandoned adj.被抛弃的 48． n．假定，假设→assume vt.假定；设想→assuming conj.假设 49． adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的→respect n．& vt.尊重；尊敬→respectable adj.可敬的→respectful adj.恭敬的，有礼貌的 50． n．智慧→wise adj.明智的 51． adj.守旧的；传统的→convention n．传统 52． adj.有利的，有帮助的→benefit n．利益；好处 v．受益 B5U5 重点词汇必背语料 1．promote　vt.促进，增进；推广，宣传；促销；晋升，提升 (教材P28)Education promotes social development. 教育促进社会发展。 [必背词块] (1)promote sb. (from sth.) to sth. 把某人(从某职位)提升到某职位 be promoted to... 被提升为…… (2)promoter n. 发起者，赞助者 promotion n. 提升，提拔，晋升；促进，推销 get/gain promotion 获得晋升 [背诵点] 1.个人发展与提升 He got promotion from a clerk to a manager after many years of hard work. 经过多年的努力工作，他从职员晋升为经理。 2．insist　vi.坚称；坚持主张 (教材P111)Comenius, insisted that when teaching, the subject matter should be adapted to learners' interests.　夸美纽斯坚持认为，在教学时，应该根据学习者的兴趣调整主题。 [必备词块] (1)insist that... 坚持说/认为……(从句用陈述语气) (2)insist that sb.(should) do... 坚决要求/主张某人做…… (从句用虚拟语气) (3)insist on/upon doing sth. 坚持做某事 [背诵点] 1.应用文写作之发言稿 Only when we insist on/upon working out regularly can we build up our body. 只有当我们坚持经常锻炼身体时，我们才能保持身体健康。 3． restriction　n.限制，规定，约束 (教材P30)With these severe restrictions to her communication, Helen's behaviour was often unbearable. 这些严重的障碍限制了海伦的正常交流，也让她的行为常常令人难以忍受。 [必背词块] (1)restrict vt. 约束，限制 restrict sth. (to sb.) (以法规)限制(某人) restrict oneself/sb. to sth./to doing sth. 约束/管束某人做某事 4．tendency　n.倾向 (教材P30)She was sometimes troublesome, stubborn and angry, and had a tendency to break things when no one understood her.　海伦有时很烦人、很固执，而且很容易发怒。当没有人能理解她的意思时，她就会摔东西。 [必背词块] (1)have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事；有做某事的趋势 (2)tend v. 照顾；照料；倾向于；趋于 tend (to) sb. 照顾某人 tend to do sth. 易于做某事；往往会发生某事 [背诵点] 1.应用文写作之感谢信 I'm writing to express my sincere thanks to Ms.Wang who tended(to) my mother in the hospital． 我写信是为了向在医院里照顾我妈妈的王女士表达真诚的感谢。 5．excitement　n.兴奋，激动 (教材P30)She wrote about her excitement later in her book, The Story of My Life.　后来在《我的人生故事》一书中，海伦描述了自己的兴奋之情。 [必背词块] (1)to one's excitement 让某人兴奋的是 (2)excited adj. 兴奋的 be excited at/about... 对……感到兴奋 be excited to do sth. 做某事很兴奋 (3)exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 excite v. 使兴奋，使激动；引起，激起 6．grasp　vt. 理解，领会　n．理解(力)；领会 (教材P31)Now that Helen grasped the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could. 由于海伦理解了语言的关键，她非常渴望学习更多的语言，并且尽可能多地运用它。 [必背词块] (1)grasp sb. by the hand/arm 抓住某人的手/手臂 grasp at sth. 尽力抓住某物 (2)have a grasp of sth. 理解某事 beyond one's grasp 超出某人的理解能力 [背诵点] 1.应用文写作之传统文化 I wish that you could grasp this opportunity to learn traditional Chinese culture further. 我希望你们能抓住这个机会进一步学习中国传统文化。 7．enthusiastic　adj.热心的，热衷的 (教材P31)However, because Helen was so enthusiastic about learning, the results were amazing. 然而，因为海伦对学习有极高的热情，学习成果令人吃惊。 [必背词块] (1)be enthusiastic about (doing) sth. 对(做)某事热情 be enthusiastic to do sth. 热衷于做某事 (2)enthusiasm n. 热情；热忱 lack/be full of enthusiasm 缺乏/充满热情 with enthusiasm 热情地 [背诵点] 1.读后续写之情绪描写 Inspired by the enthusiasm and encouragement, David quickened his pace in high spirits. 受到热情与鼓励的激励，大卫精神抖擞地加快了脚步。 8.apparent　adj.显而易见的；明白的 (教材P31)Although the meaning of love was still not apparent to Helen, she kept on trying to understand it. 尽管对海伦来说，爱的意义还不明确，但她一直试着理解。 [必背词块] (1)be/become apparent to... 对……来说很明显 It is apparent (to sb.) that... (对某人来说)……是明显的。 (2)apparently adv. 显然地；显而易见地 9．disappointed　adj.失望的，沮丧的 (教材P31)When her teacher said that it wasn't, she was confused and disappointed. 当她的老师说不是的时候，她感到困惑，而且有些失望。 [必背词块] (1)be disappointed at/with/by/that... 对……感到失望 be disappointed to do sth. 对做某事感到失望 (2)disappoint vt. 使失望/沮丧 disappointing adj. 令人失望的 disappointment n. 失望，沮丧 to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是 [背诵点] 1.读后续写之情绪描写 They failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt, which made them disappointed． 他们第一次尝试烹饪母亲节早餐未能成功，这令其大失所望。 10．contribute　vi.& vt.奉献，捐献 (教材P113)Obviously, certain kinds of knowledge are necessary not only to pursue certain careers but also to contribute to the world. 显然，某些类型的知识不仅是从事某些职业所必需的，也是为世界做贡献所必需的。 [必背词块] (1)contribute...to... 把……贡献给…… contribute to 为……做出贡献；导致；有助于；向……投稿 (2)contribution n. 贡献；捐款；稿件 make a contribution/contributions to... 对……做出贡献 11.expose　vt. 使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露 (教材P113)We need to be able to read, so that we are able to communicate and expose ourselves to new things.　我们需要有阅读能力，这样我们才能够交流，并让自己接触到新事物。 [必背词块] (1)expose...to... 使……接触；使……暴露于…… expose oneself to... 使自己面临……；使自己暴露于…… expose sth. to sb. 向某人揭发某事 (2)exposed adj. 无遮蔽的；无保护的 (be) exposed to... 暴露于/接触…… (3)exposure n. 接触；揭发；遭受 12.surrounding　adj.四周的，附近的 (教材P113)Besides, education provides another deeper kind of knowledge, which lets us understand how the surrounding world works. 此外，教育提供了另一种更深层次的知识，让我们了解周围的世界是如何运作的。 [必背词块] (1)surroundings n. 环境；周围的事物 (2)surround vt. 围绕；包围 surround...with... 用……包围/围绕…… be surrounded by/with... 被……包围 13．regardless　adv.不管；不顾 (教材P113)It helps you to understand what is wrong and what is right, explore the truth and develop cognition, regardless of whether it's easy or what others'opinions are. 无论它是简单的还是别人的意见如何，它都会帮助你理解对错，探索真理，发展认知。 [必背词块] in spite of＝despite 尽管 [背诵点] 1.应用文写作之人物介绍 Regardless of the risk of getting infected, Uncle Li is responsible and devoted to his job.李叔叔不顾感染的危险，对工作负责且尽心尽力。 14．behave　vi.& vt.表现；表现得体；有礼貌 (教材P113)It makes people behave with integrity, regardless of background and circumstances. 它使人们行为正直，不管背景和环境如何。 [必背词块] (1)behave well/badly 举止、行为好/坏 behave oneself 守规矩； 表现得体 (2)well-behaved adj. 表现好的 badly-behaved adj. 表现差的 (3)behavio(u)r n. 举止；行为 15．conclusion　n.结论 (教材P113)In conclusion, education is important not only because it facilitates individual development, but also promotes social and national development. 总之，教育很重要，不仅因为它能促进个人发展，而且能促进社会和国家的发展。 [必背词块] (1)in conclusion 最后；总之 come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion 得出结论 (2)conclude v. 断定；推断出；得出结论 conclude...with sth./by doing sth. 以某事/物/做某事结束 conclude from... 从……中得出结论 16．responsibility　n.责任 (教材P114)Well, I believe it is the students' responsibility to take the initiative to become autonomous learners. 好吧，我认为主动成为自主学习者是学生的责任。 [必背词块] (1)take responsibility for... 对……负责 a sense of responsibility 责任感 It is one's responsibility to do sth. 做某事是某人的职责。 (2)responsible adj. 负责的；有责任的 be responsible for... 对……负责 (3)responsibly adv. 认真负责地 [背诵点] 1.应用文写作之环境保护 She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility for saving their environment. 她警示当前社会所面临的环境威胁，倡导人们必须肩负起环境保护之责。 2. 应用文写作之传统文化 From my point of view, it's our responsibility to spread traditional Chinese culture to the world. 就我个人而言，向世界传播中国传统文化是我们的责任。 17．respected　adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的 (教材P37)People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right, then it must be so. 假定一个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的，那么(人们就会认为)这件事一定是对的。 [必背词块] (1)respect vt. 尊敬；尊重 n. 敬意；敬重；方面 respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊重某人 have/show respect for sb. 尊重某人 (2)respectful adj. 表示敬意的；尊敬的 respectable adj. 可敬的；体面的 [背诵点] 1.应用文写作之最尊敬的人 In many respects of our life，there are always respectable people．With respect to the person I respect most, I have to mention my maths teacher. 在我们生活的许多方面，总有值得尊敬的人。关于我最尊敬的人，我不得不提到我的数学老师。 18．owe　vt.有……是由于；把……归功于 (教材P37)We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei. 我们对世界的认识和理解，很大程度上要归功于培根和伽利略这样的人。 [必背词块] (1)owe sb. sth.＝owe sth.to sb. 欠某人某物 owe sb. an apology 应向某人道歉 owe sb. a favour 欠某人一个人情 (2)owe...to... 把……归功于…… 19．beneficial　adj.有利的，有帮助的 (教材P37)These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man, and more beneficial to mankind, some might say, than all the money in the world. 这些伟人懂得，知识和对世界的认识才是值得追求的；正如一些人所言，和全世界的金钱相比，这些对个人而言更重要，对全人类而言更有益。 [必背词块] (1)be very beneficial to... 对……非常有益 (to为介词) (2)benefit n. 益处 vt. 使受益 vi. 得益于 (3)benefit from... 从……中受益；得益于…… [背诵点] 1.应用文写作之倡议书 Reading English classics is very beneficial to us, so let's begin right now. 阅读英语名著对我们非常有益，所以让我们现在就开始吧。 20． up to　多达；忙于；从事；胜任；到……为止，直到；取决于；由……决定 (教材P43)If they failed at all, their punishment was up to 50 strokes of the cane！　 如果他们真的失败了，他们将被处以多达50下的鞭打惩罚！ [必背词块] (1)up to＋数字 多达…… It's up to sb.to do sth. 由某人决定做某事。 be up to sth. 胜任某事 (2)up to now 直到现在，到目前为止 [背诵点] 1.应用文写作之申请信 I once served as a volunteer in the National Games, so I am greatly convinced that I am up to the job． 我曾经在全运会上当过志愿者，因此，我深信我能胜任这项工作。 21．arrange　vt.排列，布置 (教材P44)The furniture is light so they can arrange it as they wish, and the cabinets are low so the children can reach them.　家具很轻，所以他们可以随意地摆放，橱柜很低，孩子们可以够到它们。 [必背词块] (1)arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事 arrange (for sb.) to do sth. 安排(某人)做某事 as arranged 按照约定 (2)arrangement n. 安排；筹备 make an arrangement/arrangements for... 为……做安排 [背诵点] 1.应用文写作之投诉信 We had booked a room, but when we reached at the time as arranged, only to be told there were no rooms available. 我们预定了一个房间，但是当我们按照预定的时间到达时，却被告知没有空房了。 B5U5 本单元核心素养自查 Ⅰ.单元词汇串记 请用本单元所学词汇的适当形式完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。 educator，obvious，imply，significance，vital，behave，contribute Education is exceptionally 1. in facilitating individual development and promoting social progress. It helps cultivate creative minds and develop sympathy for fellow men.2. are expected to teach moral lessons，enlighten minds and clarify what puzzles students. Some people think that teaching means expanding students' vocabularies and making students understand abstract concepts to cope with all kinds of assessments.3. ，this cognition is wrong. Teaching is much more complex than this. Teaching can be painful. It is apparent that not all students are brilliant，which 4. that teachers have to try all methods to make slow students to gain knowledge. Some students，who think all restrictions unbearable，are troublesome and stubborn. They never have schools' timetables in mind and have their own daily routine. However，teachers are expected not to abandon a single student regardless of his/her bad 5. . They have to urge students to study hard，stimulate the initiative in students and teach them integrity so that they can make 6. to society in the future. In addition，students are now exposed to complex circumstances，so it is 7. for them to think critically. That is，it is teachers' responsibility to cultivate students' insight and judgement. However，the fruit of education is sweet. Almost all civilisations regarded teachers as worthy and respected citizens. Many successful people owe their success partly to their teachers. In conclusion，education is beneficial to mankind. Ⅱ.核心词汇强化练 1．When criticized that what he said was not consistent what he did，he smiled in embarrassment. 2．Our English teacher insisted that we (imitate) the pronunciation of broadcasters of BBC. 3．The dog was (puzzle) about why he couldn't touch its fellow in the mirror. 4．To his (disappoint)，what he earned couldn't cover the monthly expense of the family. 5．The new creation of the comedian is really worthy of (watch)． 6．The genius owed his success his diligence rather than his intelligence. 7．But you are the only person who has a (responsible) to protect yourself. 8．The club takes in anybody regardless region，color，or creed. 9．You'd better go to the surgery to get your bleeding hand (treat)． 10．This is the first time that she (take) a ballet course，so she is quite clumsy. Ⅲ.词形转换和动词的形式变换 1.The weather, even for January, was (exceptional) cold. 2．Truck drivers must obey the new speed (restrict) on the highway. 3．It must have been very (pain) for you to tell her about the accident. 4．In recent years, there is a growing (tend) for people to shop online. 5．This evidence is not (consist) with what you said earlier. 6．We need to carry out a proper (evaluate) of the new judging system. 7．The number of participants was (initial) reported at around 250, but was later revised to 300. 8．Local economies, domestic water supplies, and certain types of recreation all would be (severe) impacted by destruction of these dams (水坝). 9．“While we teach, we learn，” said Roman (philosophy) Seneca. 10．That the best gift an (educate) can give is to get somebody to become self-reflective. 11．The new drug has great (significant) for the treatment of the disease. Ⅳ.完成句子 1．既然她明白了，她的怒气就消失了。(now that引导原因状语从句) , her anger faded away. 2．有些人认为询问别人的年龄是不礼貌的。(it作形式宾语) to ask someone's age. 3．这是我第一次在公共场合发言。[It was the first time (that) sb. had done sth.] in public. 4．我并不想让你失望，但我实在是太忙了。 (1)I didn't , but I was too busy. (2)I didn't , but I was too busy. 5．我想步行去车站，但他坚持要开车送我去。 (1)I wanted to walk to the station, but he ． (2)I wanted to walk to the station, but he ． 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 选择性必修二 Unit5 Education 知识清单 B5U5练通核心词汇 1．insist on his opinion 坚持他的意见 2．severe economic problems 严重的经济问题 3．have eyesight problems 有视力障碍 4．simple and straightforward 简单明了 5．under the stream of water 放在水流下 6．precious knowledge 宝贵的知识 7．grasp the key to language 理解了语言的关键 8．knowledge and vocabulary 知识和词汇量 9．discover more complex words 发现了更复杂的单词 10．such an abstract concept 一个如此抽象的概念 11．have a breakthrough 取得突破 12．gain knowledge 获取知识 13．pursue certain careers 从事某些职业 14．give us insights into how people think 让我们深入了解人们的想法 15．in a civil manner 以一种文明的方式 16．when you are educated 当你接受教育时 17．regardless of whether it's easy 不管它是否容易 18．those terrible circumstances 那些糟糕的境况 19．every citizen 每位市民 20．definition of happiness 幸福的定义 21．stimulate your appetite 刺激你的食欲 22．a brilliant writer 一位才华横溢的作家 23．hold an important rank 担任要职 24．in the church 在教堂里 25．I owe everything to him. 我的一切都归功于他。 26．step out from the shadows 走出阴影 27．beneficial to mankind 对全人类有益 B5U5 活用拓展单词 根据提示写出相应的单词 1．promote vt.促进，增进→promotion n．促进，提升 2．sympathy n．同情，同情心→sympathetic adj.同情的 3．analyse vt.分析，剖析→analysis n．分析 4．philosopher n．哲学家→philosophy n．哲学 5．educator n．教育工作者→educate v．教育；教导，指导→education n．教育→educated adj. 有教养的；受过……教育(或训练)的 6．evaluate vt.评估，评价→evaluation n．评估，评价 7．exceptionally adv.极其，非常→exception n．例外→exceptional adj.例外的 8．restriction n．限制，规定，约束→restrict vt.限制，规定→restrictive adj.限制性的；约束的 9．unbearable adj.难以忍受的；承受不住的→(反义词)bearable adj.可忍受的→bear vt.忍受 10．troublesome adj.引起麻烦的；令人烦恼的→trouble n．& vt.麻烦 11．tendency n．倾向→tend v．倾向于；照料 12．relate vi.理解；相联系→related adj.相关的，有联系的→relation n．关系；亲戚 13．initially adv.起初→initial adj.起初的 14．excitement n．兴奋，激动→excite vt.使兴奋，使激动→excited adj.兴奋的，激动的→exciting adj.令人兴奋的，令人激动的 15．gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地 16．painful adj.令人痛苦的；困难的；疼痛的→pain n．痛苦 17．enthusiastic adj.热心的，热衷的→enthusiasm n.热心；热情 18．expand vi.& vt.(使)扩大；增加→expansion n.扩大；扩展 19．gently adv.轻柔地；温和地；平缓地→gentle adj.温和的 20．apparent adj.显而易见的；明白的→apparently adv.显然 21．disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappoint v.使失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望 22．vivid adj.生动的，逼真的→vividly adv.生动地 23．objective n．目的，目标 adj.客观的→object n．物体 24．critical adj.批评的，批判的→critically adv.批判地；严重地→(反义词)uncritically adv.无鉴别力地；不加批评地→criticize v．批评；批判；评价→criticism n．批判 25．moral adj.道德(上)的→morally adv.道德上地 26．acquisition n．获得，习得→acquire vt.获得 27．contribute vi.& vt.奉献，捐献→contribution n．奉献；捐款；稿件 28．finance n．金融；财政→financial adj.财政的；金融的 29．economics n．经济学→economic adj.经济的→economy n．经济 30．expose vt.使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露→exposed adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的→exposure n．暴露；揭露 31．surrounding adj.四周的，附近的→surround vt.围绕；包围→surroundings n．环境；周围的事物 32．judgement n．判断力；意见，评价；判决→judge n．法官；裁判 v．断定；判断；审判 33．behave vi.表现→behavio(u)r n．行为，举止 34．conclusion n．结论→conclude v．结束；结论 35．respectively adv.各自地→respective adj.各自的；分别的 36．responsibility n．责任→responsible adj.负责任的 37．demonstrate vt.展示；说明→demonstration n．展示；说明 38．assess vt.评价→assessment n．评价 39．obvious adj.显然的，明显的；易理解的→obviously adv. 明显地 40．analysis n．分析→analyse vt.分析→analyst n．分析师；化验员 41．royal adj.皇家的；王室的→royalty n．王室成员；皇家 42．inefficient adj.效率低的→(反义词)efficient adj.效率高的 43．worthy adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的→worth adj.值得的 n．价值；财产 44．universe n．宇宙→universal adj.普遍的→universally adv.普遍地 45．approve vt.赞成；赞许；批准→approval n．批准；赞成→(反义词)disapprove v．不赞成 46．urge vt.强烈要求；敦促→urgent adj.紧急的→urgency n．紧急情况 47．abandon vt.放弃；抛弃→abandoned adj.被抛弃的 48．assumption n．假定，假设→assume vt.假定；设想→assuming conj.假设 49．respected adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的→respect n．& vt.尊重；尊敬→respectable adj.可敬的→respectful adj.恭敬的，有礼貌的 50．wisdom n．智慧→wise adj.明智的 51．conventional adj.守旧的；传统的→convention n．传统 52．beneficial adj.有利的，有帮助的→benefit n．利益；好处 v．受益 B5U5 重点词汇必背语料 1．promote　vt.促进，增进；推广，宣传；促销；晋升，提升 (教材P28)Education promotes social development. 教育促进社会发展。 [必背词块] (1)promote sb. (from sth.) to sth. 把某人(从某职位)提升到某职位 be promoted to... 被提升为…… (2)promoter n. 发起者，赞助者 promotion n. 提升，提拔，晋升；促进，推销 get/gain promotion 获得晋升 [背诵点] 1.个人发展与提升 He got promotion from a clerk to a manager after many years of hard work. 经过多年的努力工作，他从职员晋升为经理。 2．insist　vi.坚称；坚持主张 (教材P111)Comenius, insisted that when teaching, the subject matter should be adapted to learners' interests.　夸美纽斯坚持认为，在教学时，应该根据学习者的兴趣调整主题。 [必备词块] (1)insist that... 坚持说/认为……(从句用陈述语气) (2)insist that sb.(should) do... 坚决要求/主张某人做…… (从句用虚拟语气) (3)insist on/upon doing sth. 坚持做某事 [背诵点] 1.应用文写作之发言稿 Only when we insist on/upon working out regularly can we build up our body. 只有当我们坚持经常锻炼身体时，我们才能保持身体健康。 3． restriction　n.限制，规定，约束 (教材P30)With these severe restrictions to her communication, Helen's behaviour was often unbearable. 这些严重的障碍限制了海伦的正常交流，也让她的行为常常令人难以忍受。 [必背词块] (1)restrict vt. 约束，限制 restrict sth. (to sb.) (以法规)限制(某人) restrict oneself/sb. to sth./to doing sth. 约束/管束某人做某事 4．tendency　n.倾向 (教材P30)She was sometimes troublesome, stubborn and angry, and had a tendency to break things when no one understood her.　海伦有时很烦人、很固执，而且很容易发怒。当没有人能理解她的意思时，她就会摔东西。 [必背词块] (1)have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事；有做某事的趋势 (2)tend v. 照顾；照料；倾向于；趋于 tend (to) sb. 照顾某人 tend to do sth. 易于做某事；往往会发生某事 [背诵点] 1.应用文写作之感谢信 I'm writing to express my sincere thanks to Ms.Wang who tended(to) my mother in the hospital． 我写信是为了向在医院里照顾我妈妈的王女士表达真诚的感谢。 5．excitement　n.兴奋，激动 (教材P30)She wrote about her excitement later in her book, The Story of My Life.　后来在《我的人生故事》一书中，海伦描述了自己的兴奋之情。 [必背词块] (1)to one's excitement 让某人兴奋的是 (2)excited adj. 兴奋的 be excited at/about... 对……感到兴奋 be excited to do sth. 做某事很兴奋 (3)exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 excite v. 使兴奋，使激动；引起，激起 6．grasp　vt. 理解，领会　n．理解(力)；领会 (教材P31)Now that Helen grasped the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could. 由于海伦理解了语言的关键，她非常渴望学习更多的语言，并且尽可能多地运用它。 [必背词块] (1)grasp sb. by the hand/arm 抓住某人的手/手臂 grasp at sth. 尽力抓住某物 (2)have a grasp of sth. 理解某事 beyond one's grasp 超出某人的理解能力 [背诵点] 1.应用文写作之传统文化 I wish that you could grasp this opportunity to learn traditional Chinese culture further. 我希望你们能抓住这个机会进一步学习中国传统文化。 7．enthusiastic　adj.热心的，热衷的 (教材P31)However, because Helen was so enthusiastic about learning, the results were amazing. 然而，因为海伦对学习有极高的热情，学习成果令人吃惊。 [必背词块] (1)be enthusiastic about (doing) sth. 对(做)某事热情 be enthusiastic to do sth. 热衷于做某事 (2)enthusiasm n. 热情；热忱 lack/be full of enthusiasm 缺乏/充满热情 with enthusiasm 热情地 [背诵点] 1.读后续写之情绪描写 Inspired by the enthusiasm and encouragement, David quickened his pace in high spirits. 受到热情与鼓励的激励，大卫精神抖擞地加快了脚步。 8.apparent　adj.显而易见的；明白的 (教材P31)Although the meaning of love was still not apparent to Helen, she kept on trying to understand it. 尽管对海伦来说，爱的意义还不明确，但她一直试着理解。 [必背词块] (1)be/become apparent to... 对……来说很明显 It is apparent (to sb.) that... (对某人来说)……是明显的。 (2)apparently adv. 显然地；显而易见地 9．disappointed　adj.失望的，沮丧的 (教材P31)When her teacher said that it wasn't, she was confused and disappointed. 当她的老师说不是的时候，她感到困惑，而且有些失望。 [必背词块] (1)be disappointed at/with/by/that... 对……感到失望 be disappointed to do sth. 对做某事感到失望 (2)disappoint vt. 使失望/沮丧 disappointing adj. 令人失望的 disappointment n. 失望，沮丧 to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是 [背诵点] 1.读后续写之情绪描写 They failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt, which made them disappointed． 他们第一次尝试烹饪母亲节早餐未能成功，这令其大失所望。 10．contribute　vi.& vt.奉献，捐献 (教材P113)Obviously, certain kinds of knowledge are necessary not only to pursue certain careers but also to contribute to the world. 显然，某些类型的知识不仅是从事某些职业所必需的，也是为世界做贡献所必需的。 [必背词块] (1)contribute...to... 把……贡献给…… contribute to 为……做出贡献；导致；有助于；向……投稿 (2)contribution n. 贡献；捐款；稿件 make a contribution/contributions to... 对……做出贡献 11.expose　vt. 使接触；使体验；使暴露；揭露 (教材P113)We need to be able to read, so that we are able to communicate and expose ourselves to new things.　我们需要有阅读能力，这样我们才能够交流，并让自己接触到新事物。 [必背词块] (1)expose...to... 使……接触；使……暴露于…… expose oneself to... 使自己面临……；使自己暴露于…… expose sth. to sb. 向某人揭发某事 (2)exposed adj. 无遮蔽的；无保护的 (be) exposed to... 暴露于/接触…… (3)exposure n. 接触；揭发；遭受 12.surrounding　adj.四周的，附近的 (教材P113)Besides, education provides another deeper kind of knowledge, which lets us understand how the surrounding world works. 此外，教育提供了另一种更深层次的知识，让我们了解周围的世界是如何运作的。 [必背词块] (1)surroundings n. 环境；周围的事物 (2)surround vt. 围绕；包围 surround...with... 用……包围/围绕…… be surrounded by/with... 被……包围 13．regardless　adv.不管；不顾 (教材P113)It helps you to understand what is wrong and what is right, explore the truth and develop cognition, regardless of whether it's easy or what others'opinions are. 无论它是简单的还是别人的意见如何，它都会帮助你理解对错，探索真理，发展认知。 [必背词块] in spite of＝despite 尽管 [背诵点] 1.应用文写作之人物介绍 Regardless of the risk of getting infected, Uncle Li is responsible and devoted to his job.李叔叔不顾感染的危险，对工作负责且尽心尽力。 14．behave　vi.& vt.表现；表现得体；有礼貌 (教材P113)It makes people behave with integrity, regardless of background and circumstances. 它使人们行为正直，不管背景和环境如何。 [必背词块] (1)behave well/badly 举止、行为好/坏 behave oneself 守规矩； 表现得体 (2)well-behaved adj. 表现好的 badly-behaved adj. 表现差的 (3)behavio(u)r n. 举止；行为 15．conclusion　n.结论 (教材P113)In conclusion, education is important not only because it facilitates individual development, but also promotes social and national development. 总之，教育很重要，不仅因为它能促进个人发展，而且能促进社会和国家的发展。 [必背词块] (1)in conclusion 最后；总之 come to/reach/arrive at/draw a conclusion 得出结论 (2)conclude v. 断定；推断出；得出结论 conclude...with sth./by doing sth. 以某事/物/做某事结束 conclude from... 从……中得出结论 16．responsibility　n.责任 (教材P114)Well, I believe it is the students' responsibility to take the initiative to become autonomous learners. 好吧，我认为主动成为自主学习者是学生的责任。 [必背词块] (1)take responsibility for... 对……负责 a sense of responsibility 责任感 It is one's responsibility to do sth. 做某事是某人的职责。 (2)responsible adj. 负责的；有责任的 be responsible for... 对……负责 (3)responsibly adv. 认真负责地 [背诵点] 1.应用文写作之环境保护 She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility for saving their environment. 她警示当前社会所面临的环境威胁，倡导人们必须肩负起环境保护之责。 2. 应用文写作之传统文化 From my point of view, it's our responsibility to spread traditional Chinese culture to the world. 就我个人而言，向世界传播中国传统文化是我们的责任。 17．respected　adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的 (教材P37)People make the assumption that if someone important and respected says that something is right, then it must be so. 假定一个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的，那么(人们就会认为)这件事一定是对的。 [必背词块] (1)respect vt. 尊敬；尊重 n. 敬意；敬重；方面 respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊重某人 have/show respect for sb. 尊重某人 (2)respectful adj. 表示敬意的；尊敬的 respectable adj. 可敬的；体面的 [背诵点] 1.应用文写作之最尊敬的人 In many respects of our life，there are always respectable people．With respect to the person I respect most, I have to mention my maths teacher. 在我们生活的许多方面，总有值得尊敬的人。关于我最尊敬的人，我不得不提到我的数学老师。 18．owe　vt.有……是由于；把……归功于 (教材P37)We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei. 我们对世界的认识和理解，很大程度上要归功于培根和伽利略这样的人。 [必背词块] (1)owe sb. sth.＝owe sth.to sb. 欠某人某物 owe sb. an apology 应向某人道歉 owe sb. a favour 欠某人一个人情 (2)owe...to... 把……归功于…… 19．beneficial　adj.有利的，有帮助的 (教材P37)These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man, and more beneficial to mankind, some might say, than all the money in the world. 这些伟人懂得，知识和对世界的认识才是值得追求的；正如一些人所言，和全世界的金钱相比，这些对个人而言更重要，对全人类而言更有益。 [必背词块] (1)be very beneficial to... 对……非常有益 (to为介词) (2)benefit n. 益处 vt. 使受益 vi. 得益于 (3)benefit from... 从……中受益；得益于…… [背诵点] 1.应用文写作之倡议书 Reading English classics is very beneficial to us, so let's begin right now. 阅读英语名著对我们非常有益，所以让我们现在就开始吧。 20． up to　多达；忙于；从事；胜任；到……为止，直到；取决于；由……决定 (教材P43)If they failed at all, their punishment was up to 50 strokes of the cane！　 如果他们真的失败了，他们将被处以多达50下的鞭打惩罚！ [必背词块] (1)up to＋数字 多达…… It's up to sb.to do sth. 由某人决定做某事。 be up to sth. 胜任某事 (2)up to now 直到现在，到目前为止 [背诵点] 1.应用文写作之申请信 I once served as a volunteer in the National Games, so I am greatly convinced that I am up to the job． 我曾经在全运会上当过志愿者，因此，我深信我能胜任这项工作。 21．arrange　vt.排列，布置 (教材P44)The furniture is light so they can arrange it as they wish, and the cabinets are low so the children can reach them.　家具很轻，所以他们可以随意地摆放，橱柜很低，孩子们可以够到它们。 [必背词块] (1)arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事 arrange (for sb.) to do sth. 安排(某人)做某事 as arranged 按照约定 (2)arrangement n. 安排；筹备 make an arrangement/arrangements for... 为……做安排 [背诵点] 1.应用文写作之投诉信 We had booked a room, but when we reached at the time as arranged, only to be told there were no rooms available. 我们预定了一个房间，但是当我们按照预定的时间到达时，却被告知没有空房了。 B5U5 本单元核心素养自查 Ⅰ.单元词汇串记 请用本单元所学词汇的适当形式完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。 educator，obvious，imply，significance，vital，behave，contribute Education is exceptionally 1.significant in facilitating individual development and promoting social progress. It helps cultivate creative minds and develop sympathy for fellow men.2.Educators are expected to teach moral lessons，enlighten minds and clarify what puzzles students. Some people think that teaching means expanding students' vocabularies and making students understand abstract concepts to cope with all kinds of assessments.3.Obviously，this cognition is wrong. Teaching is much more complex than this. Teaching can be painful. It is apparent that not all students are brilliant，which 4.implies that teachers have to try all methods to make slow students to gain knowledge. Some students，who think all restrictions unbearable，are troublesome and stubborn. They never have schools' timetables in mind and have their own daily routine. However，teachers are expected not to abandon a single student regardless of his/her bad 5.behavio(u)rs. They have to urge students to study hard，stimulate the initiative in students and teach them integrity so that they can make 6.contributions to society in the future. In addition，students are now exposed to complex circumstances，so it is 7.vital for them to think critically. That is，it is teachers' responsibility to cultivate students' insight and judgement. However，the fruit of education is sweet. Almost all civilisations regarded teachers as worthy and respected citizens. Many successful people owe their success partly to their teachers. In conclusion，education is beneficial to mankind. Ⅱ.核心词汇强化练 1．When criticized that what he said was not consistent with what he did，he smiled in embarrassment. 2．Our English teacher insisted that we (should) imitate(imitate) the pronunciation of broadcasters of BBC. 3．The dog was puzzled(puzzle) about why he couldn't touch its fellow in the mirror. 4．To his disappointment(disappoint)，what he earned couldn't cover the monthly expense of the family. 5．The new creation of the comedian is really worthy of being watched(watch)． 6．The genius owed his success to his diligence rather than his intelligence. 7．But you are the only person who has a responsibility (responsible) to protect yourself. 8．The club takes in anybody regardless of region，color，or creed. 9．You'd better go to the surgery to get your bleeding hand treated(treat)． 10．This is the first time that she has taken(take) a ballet course，so she is quite clumsy. Ⅲ.词形转换和动词的形式变换 1.The weather, even for January, was exceptionally(exceptional) cold. 2．Truck drivers must obey the new speed restriction(restrict) on the highway. 3．It must have been very painful(pain) for you to tell her about the accident. 4．In recent years, there is a growing tendency(tend) for people to shop online. 5．This evidence is not consistent(consist) with what you said earlier. 6．We need to carry out a proper evaluation(evaluate) of the new judging system. 7．The number of participants was initially(initial) reported at around 250, but was later revised to 300. 8．Local economies, domestic water supplies, and certain types of recreation all would be severely(severe) impacted by destruction of these dams (水坝). 9．“While we teach, we learn，” said Roman philosopher(philosophy) Seneca. 10．That the best gift an educator(educate) can give is to get somebody to become self-reflective. 11．The new drug has great significance(significant) for the treatment of the disease. Ⅳ.完成句子 1．既然她明白了，她的怒气就消失了。(now that引导原因状语从句) Now that she understood, her anger faded away. 2．有些人认为询问别人的年龄是不礼貌的。(it作形式宾语) Some people think it impolite to ask someone's age. 3．这是我第一次在公共场合发言。[It was the first time (that) sb. had done sth.] It was the first time that I had spoken in public. 4．我并不想让你失望，但我实在是太忙了。 (1)I didn't want to make you disappointed, but I was too busy. (2)I didn't want to disappoint you, but I was too busy. 5．我想步行去车站，但他坚持要开车送我去。 (1)I wanted to walk to the station, but he insisted on driving me there． (2)I wanted to walk to the station, but he insisted that he (should) drive me there． 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$