专题09 完形填空议论文-备战2025年高考英语二轮复习新题速递

专题09 完形填空议论文 ———————————————————————————————————————————— 1.（24-25高三下·河南·开学考试）At a recent holiday gathering, I sat behind a row of parents watching dozens of 9-year-olds in ties and beautiful dresses singing Sleigh Ride. Each of the parents had a 1 in hand, carefully and seriously recording the 2 . They were working so hard to ensure they didn’t 3 anything — and yet I worried that they were, in fact, missing out. Childhood is 4 . This performance or soccer game will never come again. So I understand the 5 to capture (捕捉) everything. Parents have long sought ways to 6 time as their kids grow, starting with baby books containing footprints and locks of hair. We 7 report cards, Halloween poems, and gold-starred spelling tests. And of course we have taken photos and videos. Yet the more I see parents 8 reaching for their phones, the more I come to believe that when we turn our kids into the subjects of our personal documentaries, we 9 losing an opportunity to really 10 our children. So the next time you’re at a game or birthday party, try this: take a few photos at the beginning, then put your phone away. Keep your eyes on your 11 , who will be looking for you. Wait for them to 12 you in the audience. Maybe they’ll light up. Maybe they’ll cover their face in 13 . Either way, this is the 14 moment: the minute they will know that you really 15 them. 1．A．notebook B．camera C．phone D．computer 2．A．issue B．event C．view D．story 3．A．forget B．ignore C．leave D．miss 4．A．boring B．lonely C．tough D．short 5．A．power B．ability C．urge D．chance 6．A．stop B．freeze C．spend D．waste 7．A．save B．fill C．take D．write 8．A．dramatically B．automatically C．rarely D．patiently 9．A．risk B．appreciate C．avoid D．mind 10．A．connect with B．take control of C．contribute to D．get rid of 11．A．friend B．teacher C．partner D．child 12．A．pick B．hear C．follow D．spot 13．A．embarrassment B．pride C．anger D．excitement 14．A．brief B．meaningful C．quiet D．historic 15．A．respect B．judge C．see D．criticize 2.（24-25高三下·河北秦皇岛·开学考试）In a terrible environment, most people will probably lose the battle eventually with their willpower becoming weaker. It’s only a matter of time. So we should correctly 1 the power of the environment around us. Take my parents as an example. Neither of them were smokers when they entered a 2 , but it didn’t take long for them to join their smoking co-workers. At first, they resisted it, but as the days turned into weeks, their 3 to say no when everyone else was saying yes became weaker. Probably in order to 4 the community around them, they finally gave in. Decades later, quitting smoking proved nearly 5 when they turned to willpower because everyone around them still smoked. The very same force that encouraged them to start was preventing them from 6 . They were able to 7 the habit only when they changed their environment. They had to find new friends whose behavior was what my parents were 8 . Rules or regulations are often a carefully created environment to encourage certain behaviors. If someone is trying his best to use the willpower to 9 the environment, no doubt that’s a poor choice. People with the best behavior are 10 the ones with a beneficial environment. Sometimes it’s carefully chosen, and sometimes it’s just a kind of 11 . Either way, it’s easier for you to behave in the right environment. So if you’re not that fortunate, it is significant to create a favourable environment 12 . If you want to read more, be in 13 with book lovers. If you want to 14 effectively, hire a fitness trainer. A good environment allows you to get twice the 15 with half the effort but you should put yourself there first. 1．A．recognize B．test C．suspect D．abandon 2．A．tent B．field C．factory D．truck 3．A．failure B．permission C．standard D．determination 4．A．fit into B．appeal to C．look on D．make for 5．A．temporary B．impossible C．significant D．unnecessary 6．A．panicking B．complaining C．applying D．stopping 7．A．form B．kick C．share D．keep 8．A．in charge of B．strict in C．in favour of D．particular about 9．A．go against B．take possession of C．make up for D．depend on 10．A．unfortunately B．abruptly C．professionally D．typically 11．A．humour B．lie C．luck D．trick 12．A．naturally B．secretly C．distinctly D．purposefully 13．A．comparison B．company C．conflict D．sympathy 14．A．concentrate B．resign C．exercise D．assist 15．A．security B．effect C．virtue D．inspiration 3.（23-24高三上·上海金山·阶段练习）Few social experiences are as common as going to the movies. Even as streaming services have made at-home viewing more convenient than ever, theatrical viewing has 1 . In 2019, global box office returns hit $42.5 billion, a new record. But it’s 2 to have a global movie business when most of the places where people go to see movies around the globe are shut down. Even in 3 times — despite the record box office numbers — making and showing movies is an unstable business. During a pandemic (疫情) , it’s nearly 4 . The lockdowns not only shut down movie theaters, which, as large gathering places, represented the potential 5 of transmission; they also shut down film productions, including some of the biggest movies in the works: a fourth Matrix film, another Jurassic Park film…. 6 , with theaters closed all over the planet, release dates for films that were already complete were pushed back by months or postponed indefinitely. Even under the best circumstances, theatrical profits are expected to 7 40 percent this year. That’s if theaters reopen at all. Most movie screens are owned by four companies — AMC, Regal, Cinemark, and Cineplex — all of which were in difficult 8 positions when the year began. Even the healthiest of the bunch, AMC, was already deep in debt. In April, just weeks after analysts downgraded its credit rating, the company borrowed another $500 million in order to be able to 9 in case of closures through the fall. But if closures last long enough, industry analysts warned, AMC could end up going out of 10 . And if AMC bit the dust, the other big chains might follow. Even worse, from the 1 perspective, was that movie studios were starting to break the agreement that had long propped up their entire business model: the theatrical window. Studios gave movie theaters 2 rights to air first-run productions — typically for about three months — before showing them on other platforms, such as video on demand. For years, theater chains had forcefully 3 even the smallest attempts to harm their exclusivity. But with theaters closed, the deal was 4 : Universal released several small-budget films to video on demand just weeks after they were released in theaters. Bigger-budget films followed. Trolls World Tour, an animated family film, 5 theaters entirely. This was an existential threat to theater chains — and to the modern theatrical experience. Would cinemas survive? 1．A．shrunk B．wrecked C．persisted D．objected 2．A．hard B．useful C．wise D．annoying 3．A．early B．recent C．historic D．boom 4．A．unbearable B．impossible C．illegal D．unusual 5．A．result B．prevention C．error D．danger 6．A．Initially B．Rather C．Contrarily D．Meanwhile 7．A．drop B．continue C．double D．show 8．A．dominant B．financial C．political D．defensive 9．A．match B．survive C．strand D．transform 10．A．business B．fashion C．control D．proportion 1．A．viewers’ B．producers’ C．theaters’ D．studios’ 2．A．equal B．exclusive C．public D．procedural 3．A．witnessed B．recorded C．resisted D．tolerated 4．A．on B．away C．off D．below 5．A．skipped B．owned C．recommended D．supported 4.（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Should period dramas reflect modern sensibilities? Simon Jenkins The most popular films of my youth were war films. They were about how Britain won a war — and that could be any war you cared to mention. In my opinion, they were great fun and, mostly, patriotic 1 . I’m a journalist and occasional historian, and something the two professions share is a respect for the 2 of truth. Both are in the business of bringing events to life through the power of fact, not falsification. They may sometimes be 3 of distortion (歪曲) and thoughtless analysis, but to be plain wrong is unethical and unprofessional. The gap between fact and fiction is one that should not be crossed — or if crossed, should stand corrected. Many playwrights, filmmakers and novelists 4 . To them, history is a stimulus to artistic licence, material to be exploited and 5 for dramatic effect. Their considerations are audience appeal, profit and, often, politics. They leave it to historians to worry about 6 . This, to me, is lying. I have always found ‘ 7 ’ (in which facts are the basis for fiction) hard to stomach. I can appreciate ‘docudrama’, which dramatises the events, or the novels of Hilary Mantel, as attempts to deepen our understanding of the past. Mantel insisted that her goal was always to be as 8 as the facts allowed. She did not 9 create false events. The same was not true of The Crown and its much-documented faking of stories. The fact the team behind the show took such pains to cast actors that 10 their real-life counterparts simply added a touch of reality to the made-up story. The result was an audience 11 of what was true or false. I appreciate that history — as with 12 — involves selection, and that selection itself can be motivated by a desire to twist the truth. Each age puts pressure on historians to select material in a manner that respects the 13 or bias (偏向) of nations, groups or individuals. The duty of the historian is to see behind such bias. The task is to reveal what happened, why and how. In an age of artificial intelligence and online ‘deep fakery’, the truth has never been more 14 . The world of fiction has no need to be a parasite (寄生虫) on history: it has all of human imagination to supply it with plots. Every work that claims to be ‘based on real events’ should, in my view, be identified as lies, and should display a large ‘T’ or ‘NT’ — true or not true. Artistic licence should not be a (n) 15 to deceive. 1．A．honour B．instinct C．rubbish D．masterpiece 2．A．victory B．sacredness C．suspicion D．degree 3．A．proud B．typical C．desperate D．guilty 4．A．disagree B．persist C．hesitate D．echo 5．A．recorded B．publicized C．abused D．corrected 6．A．plot B．artistry C．edition D．truth 7．A．faction B．profile C．nonfiction D．social-drama 8．A．awesome B．imaginative C．accurate D．comprehensive 9．A．necessarily B．deliberately C．merely D．duly 10．A．adored B．falsified C．documented D．resembled 11．A．conscious B．ignorant C．clear D．insightful 12．A．journalism B．literature C．politics D．patriotism 13．A．literacy B．reason C．justice D．sensitivity 14．A．immoral B．precious C．sufficient D．revolutionary 15．A．instance B．tendency C．licence D．submission 5.（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Overcoming your inner goblin RECENTLY, some colleagues of mine put on a public health conference. More than 80 people registered for the in-person-only event, and we ordered coffees and snacks for a little under that number — assuming, as is the 1 , that 20 to 30 per cent of people would drop out. 2 , it was closer to 90 per cent. Only a handful of people showed up. We were shocked and distressed, and started speculating about why the 3 was so bad. Then someone mentioned that this kind of thing is more common after the Covid-19 lockdowns: people just don’t like leaving their homes anymore. A quick search online will show you that our experience wasn’t a fluke (偶然). Some journalists and science centres have also noted that people were behaving antisocially — harassing others or causing distress — during the lockdowns. All this suggests that the process 4 culture change — what is known as cultural evolution — requires a lot of regular social interaction to maintain itself. Society is probably more 5 than many of us would like to think. Cultural evolution is how information that can’t be 6 in your genes is shared or changes. We learn a lot from our elders and contemporaries, things like language and social norms that we just can’t spring from the womb understanding. Over the past 30 years or so, cultural evolution has exploded as an academic field, with computer models and lab experiments showing that the cultural sharing of social norms is central to the stability of society. Yet it may be that those norms need a lot more 7 than we might have thought. A 2022 paper in Crime Science showed a 50 percent rise in antisocial behaviours during periods in 2020 and 2021. These findings 8 strongly with data suggesting that rates of crimes such as theft and burglary dropped. Other strange trends — or new cultural traits, to use the language of cultural evolution researchers — 9 over the 2020 to 2022 period. People started referring to “goblin mode”, or hiding in your house, closing the blinds, playing games, watching TV and eating junk food for hours. (I confess than when I first heard the term, I thought: “That sounds nice!”) In a way, the Covid-19 lockdowns were a large-scale experiment in what happens to our culturally transmitted norms when we enforce physical separation from others. The results are, to say the least, 10 . The behaviours we have been over the past few years suggest that not only do we need cultural transmission to learn how to behave sociably, we need repeated and regular interaction to maintain norms. In other words, if I explain to a child that it is 11 to yell at other people, it seems it isn’t enough to only do this once. The behaviours we have seen — and continue to see — indicate that Covid-19 lockdowns forced a kind of 12 cultural evolutionary process. We are social animals who need regular interaction, and 13 us of socialising releases a culturally primitive, largely antisocial goblin. The good news, however, is that the world’s accidental experiment in the shortcomings of our ability to hold on to cultural norms suggests some 14 . It is clear that digital communication — sitting in depressing Zoom meetings and playing the odd online game with friends — isn’t enough to maintain norms across society. And so we, individually and as cultural groups, should promote in-person socialisation (this does not mean required appearances at the office) where possible — and encourage others to overcome their inner goblins. 15 , at the very least, many more free biscuits might go to waste. 1．A．norm B．standard C．reality D．phenomenon 2．A．Relatively B．Surprisingly C．Reasonably D．Miraculously 3．A．turnover B．workout C．turnout D．takeout 4．A．underestimating B．underlining C．undergoing D．underlying 5．A．fragile B．stable C．steady D．harmonious 6．A．enacted B．encoded C．activated D．enclosed 7．A．restoration B．reflection C．maintenance D．inspection 8．A．coupled B．coincided C．concerned D．contrasted 9．A．popped up B．rounded up C．took up D．cleared up 10．A．touching B．discouraging C．inspiring D．uplifting 11．A．feasible B．inevitable C．mean D．civilized 12．A．tangible B．rational C．exceptional D．reverse 13．A．depriving B．approving C．relieving D．assuring 14．A．messes B．fixes C．mysteries D．particulars 15．A．Rather B．Still C．Otherwise D．Moreover 6.（24-25高三上·安徽阜阳·阶段练习）The history of human beings is naturally a process to pursue happiness, which is the ultimate purpose of life. Happiness makes us cope with our careers energetically and harmonise life 1 . However, the word “pursue” evidences that happiness is like a horizon (地平线), when we move further, it 2 away. Obviously, defining happiness has 3 mankind for thousands of years because individuals all have their own 4 and, more critically, human desires are almost limitless. 5 is the common standard for happiness of merchants, yet their dreams of being billionaires and even zillionaires always follow the fulfilment of the dreams of being millionaires. The process of struggling for may-be happiness always ends in must-be 6 . Thus, the definition of happiness can hardly be 7 .Nevertheless, although happiness is indefinable, it is still easy for us to find the 8 examples of happy people, who, in fact, share three features in common: optimistic mentality, 9 body, and stable income. It is apparent that most of the sufferings are 10 by external surroundings and they are nearly unavoidable. Thus, one can only change his mentality to 11 them. Meanwhile, without health one cannot sustain happiness to enjoy the 12 of life. Furthermore, to be realistic, a beggar, while struggling in poverty, can never be as 13 as a millionaire sailing on the Pacific Ocean. Hence, stable income is also significant for achieving happiness. To summarise, to define happiness will not be so hard if humans can understand happiness in a standard way and eliminate (消灭) their 14 totally. However, before the realization of this 15 , being optimistic, healthy, and financially independent may be the “keys” to happiness. 1．A．instantly B．definitely C．permanently D．optimistically 2．A．puts B．backs C．gives D．breaks 3．A．helped B．confused C．changed D．interrupted 4．A．directions B．compositions C．solutions D．interpretations 5．A．Fame B．Health C．Wealth D．Liberty 6．A．success B．sacrifice C．motivation D．dissatisfaction 7．A．settled B．copied C．expected D．expanded 8．A．rare B．unique C．walking D．running 9．A．weak B．slim C．sound D．large 10．A．cut down B．held back C．pulled up D．brought about 11．A．clear B．find C．test D．grasp 12．A．cycle B．sunshine C．outcome D．power 13．A．peaceful B．careful C．polite D．practical 14．A．fear B．greed C．dream D．poverty 15．A．goal B．value C．cause D．potential 7.（24-25高三上·上海金山·阶段练习）July 19th was a day for IT heroes. A routine software update caused computer outages in offices, hospitals and airports worldwide. Most white-collar workers looked sadly at their screens and realized just how useless they are if they cannot 1 . People in IT came to the rescue of helpless colleagues and 2 passengers. Their work that day was full of stress— but also full of meaning. If machines can add purpose to some jobs when they fail, what about when they work 3 ? This is not an idle question, but a serious one. Discussions about A in particular easily get lost in aypotherical (假设的) debates about wholesale job losses or, worse, the nature of consciousness. But technologies tend to spread in less 4 ways, task by task rather than role by role. Before machines replace individuals, they change the nature of the work they do. That transformation is likely to affect job satisfaction. Many employees give 5 to non-monetary rewards, such as job interest and engagement. A recent discussion paper surveyed American workers who had 6 jobs to find out whether and why they thought their new positions were better; they found that interest in the work mattered more to people than pay and benefits. However, a study revealed a concerning 7 : Robots in industrial settings reduced the perceived meaningfulness of jobs across the board, 8 age, gender, skills and the type of work. While machines can theoretically free up time for more interesting tasks, 9 , they seem to have had the opposite effect. Why might this be? They find that industrial robots make jobs less physically demanding. But the number of tasks that remain open to humans 10 , hurting both the variety of work and people’s understanding of the production process. Work becomes more routine, not less. However, machines don’t always have a (n) 11 impact. For example, in service industries like health care, less time spent on boring work might indeed mean more time with patients. Consumer reactions to automation can also 12 . In an experiment to test how customers reacted to different descriptions of a cooking set, people who 13 being skilled chefs really didn’t like products that promised to do everything at the touch of a button. A technology that cuts down on boring tasks is fine; one that 14 your sense of identity is not. While it is stil too early to know how AI will affect the quality of work, one thing is clear: machines can make employees feel 15 about their work. Introducing new technologies in cooperation with employees, rather than imposing (勉强) them, and enhancing their sense of competence are crucial. Bosses who ignore these issues are missing something meaningful. 1．A．log in B．opt out C．show off D．hurry up 2．A．stranded B．responsible C．hesitant D．embarrassed 3．A．properly B．purposelessly C．continuously D．unwillingly 4．A．accessible B．casual C．dramatic D．dynamic 5．A．rise B．way C．priority D．insight 6．A．created B．switched C．completed D．evaluated 7．A．cause B．concept C．secret D．trend 8．A．rather than B．in case of C．according to D．regardless of 9．A．in practice B．as a result C．in short D．in addition 10．A．exists B．continues C．decreases D．emerges 11．A．negative B．powerful C．immediate D．significant 12．A．cease B．occur C．impress D．vary 13．A．occupied themselves with B．prided themselves on C．Concentrated themselves on D．freed themselves of 14．A．lacks B．heightens C．threatens D．maintains 15．A．anxiously B．differently C．strongly D．oddly 8.（24-25高三上·上海闵行·期中）In recent years, many employers have begun to prioritize skills over traditional qualifications when evaluating job candidates. This shift aims to 1 persistent skills shortages and promote workforce diversity. 2 , while skills-based hiring has good intentions, its implementation (实行) often misses the mark. Companies like John Lewis have started to openly share their interview questions, aiming to 3 the hiring process. Meanwhile, other organizations have abandoned degree requirements or even CVs for specific positions. These strategies reflect a broader trend towards recognizing candidates’ abilities rather than merely their past experiences. According to Harry Gooding from recruitment firm Hays, the 4 of skills-based hiring is to “bring a person’s skills into the limelight (聚光灯).” A recent survey indicated that 70% of recruitment (招聘) professionals now 5 skills assessment over traditional CV analysis. This shift is seen as an opportunity to 6 the talent pool and allow individuals from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds to compete more fairly for jobs. Despite these positive changes, many initiatives have not produced significant results. Research from the Burning Glass Institute and Harvard Business School reveals that firms adopting skills-based hiring have 7 increased their workforce of employees without degrees by an average of 3.5 percentage points. Furthermore, many organizations have just 8 their hiring practices without making substantive changes. A surprising 45% of companies reported no real shift in hiring patterns, even after 9 degree requirements. Stephen Chu, chief legal and people officer at Instride, points out that simply dropping degree requirements is 10 if hiring teams do not adopt a skills-first strategy. He notes that organizations often unknowingly keep 11 alive by continuing to favor degree holders in hiring. Instride faced this issue firsthand, realizing that their hiring practices needed a bigger transformation to truly embrace skills-based recruitment. To effectively implement this approach, employers must integrate skills assessment throughout the hiring process. This can be achieved by developing a skills taxonomy, which is a detailed list of necessary skills for various roles within the organization. This foundational work enables firms to clearly define job requirements and ensures that recruitment standards 12 the new focus on skills. Nikolaz Foucaud from Coursera emphasizes that a cultural shift is necessary for skills-based hiring. Leaders should adopt a comprehensive people strategy, and job descriptions must reflect the skills and experiences 13 the roles they aim to fill. While skills assessments play a crucial role in recruitment, they should not be applied without careful consideration. Each role requires a careful evaluation of the right 14 of skills, experience, and cultural fit. Ultimately, the 15 of skills-based hiring depends on a thoughtful and integrated approach, enabling organizations to unlock a broader range of talent. 1．A．address B．evaluate C．explain D．report 2．A．Therefore B．Besides C．Instead D．However 3．A．design B．extend C．clarify D．control 4．A．cost B．process C．advantage D．essence 5．A．abandon B．define C．emphasize D．submit 6．A．broaden B．approach C．decrease D．classify 7．A．greatly B．only C．similarly D．regularly 8．A．rebranded B．criticised C．described D．discouraged 9．A．satisfying B．discussing C．removing D．understanding 10．A．independent B．insufficient C．insensitive D．inexpensive 11．A．institutions B．preferences C．teamwork D．relationship 12．A．set aside B．look over C．take after D．agree with 13．A．available to B．relevant to C．present in D．different in 14．A．combination B．development C．possibility D．introduction 15．A．trouble B．choice C．price D．success 9.（24-25高三上·上海宝山·期中）To Apologize or Not to ApologizeWhy difficult? When we do wrong to someone we know, even not 11 , we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when we’re acting as leaders, the circumstances are 2 . The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the 3 but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every word or expression 4 , as they become part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart, or it can be stupid. So, readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as sign of weakness. Who now? The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more 5 . During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture — apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more 6 than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies. Meanwhile, more and more articles, advice columns, and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of 7 apologies. Although they are not carried out openly, we can’t 8 the significance of its effect. Why 9 ? Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target for 10 . They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not apologize often. For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a strong 11 . Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so. Why refuse? Why is it that leaders so often try every means to 12 apologies, even when a public apology seems to be in order? Their reasons be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures, their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even 13 risky. Apologies can be signals for admitting mistakes and mistakes can be an indication of job insecurity. Leaders may also be afraid that 14 of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough (硬撑) in tough situations, as we shall see, but it is a high-risk 15 . 1．A．immediately B．intentionally C．occasionally D．accidentally 2．A．simple B．ridiculous C．abnormal D．different 3．A．individual B．company C．family D．society 4．A．conflicts B．matters C．appeals D．deceives 5．A．urgent B．risky C．boring D．simple 6．A．increasingly B．patiently C．frequently D．hopefully 7．A．sincere B．acceptable C．positive D．private 8．A．identify B．attribute C．neglect D．reveal 9．A．bother B．reduce C．regret D．ignore 10．A．promotion B．criticism C．appreciation D．identification 11．A．personality B．will C．reason D．desire 12．A．express B．involve C．commit D．avoid 13．A．politically B．professionally C．academically D．physically 14．A．avoidance B．admission C．involvement D．elimination 15．A．fulfillment B．statement C．occupation D．strategy 10.（24-25高三上·江苏南通·期中）Imagining a human being without historical sense is scary. 1 still is the thought of an entire generation operating from a position of historical ignorance. And yet that is exactly the 2 in which we find ourselves today. The people and events of history may be 3 in the past, but how we talk about those things, what we write about them, and how we 4 them tell us a lot about who we are and what we 5 right now. Thinking of ourselves as a chapter in an unwritten history book is likely to force deep 6 . Whose stories will we champion? What values will we defend? What models will we offer ensuing (随后的) generations? No other subject helps us to understand so 7 what it is to be human. But the 8 isn’t entirely surprising given the downgraded status of history in most schools. History is 9 its place in the curriculum with geography, but its attention to time, place and context is what makes it really 10 . In other words, history doesn’t simply tell us how to be good citizens. It 11 us with the knowledge we need to comprehend our world clearly, and the ability to 12 it accurately. Clearly, in an age of “fake news”, we need to be 13 thinkers. There is no better subject than history to develop a(n) 14 of context and an ability to examine evidence. Just as we anticipate a math curriculum that systematically builds on blocks of knowledge, we should also 15 a logical history curriculum for our children. 1．A．Funnier B．Scarier C．Rarer D．Harder 2．A．situation B．atmosphere C．relationship D．experience 3．A．transformed B．rooted C．understood D．absorbed 4．A．compose B．design C．teach D．record 5．A．abandon B．possess C．witness D．value 6．A．self-awareness B．self-control C．self-reflection D．self-management 7．A．comprehensively B．instantly C．readily D．independently 8．A．argument B．comment C．conclusion D．ignorance 9．A．getting back B．fighting for C．holding onto D．putting aside 10．A．precise B．convincing C．distinct D．boring 11．A．equips B．connects C．motivates D．impresses 12．A．develop B．control C．analyze D．show 13．A．leading B．critical C．modern D．optimistic 14．A．appreciation B．evaluation C．vision D．belief 15．A．admit B．identify C．follow D．expect 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题09 完形填空议论文 ———————————————————————————————————————————— 1.（24-25高三下·河南·开学考试）At a recent holiday gathering, I sat behind a row of parents watching dozens of 9-year-olds in ties and beautiful dresses singing Sleigh Ride. Each of the parents had a 1 in hand, carefully and seriously recording the 2 . They were working so hard to ensure they didn’t 3 anything — and yet I worried that they were, in fact, missing out. Childhood is 4 . This performance or soccer game will never come again. So I understand the 5 to capture (捕捉) everything. Parents have long sought ways to 6 time as their kids grow, starting with baby books containing footprints and locks of hair. We 7 report cards, Halloween poems, and gold-starred spelling tests. And of course we have taken photos and videos. Yet the more I see parents 8 reaching for their phones, the more I come to believe that when we turn our kids into the subjects of our personal documentaries, we 9 losing an opportunity to really 10 our children. So the next time you’re at a game or birthday party, try this: take a few photos at the beginning, then put your phone away. Keep your eyes on your 11 , who will be looking for you. Wait for them to 12 you in the audience. Maybe they’ll light up. Maybe they’ll cover their face in 13 . Either way, this is the 14 moment: the minute they will know that you really 15 them. 1．A．notebook B．camera C．phone D．computer 2．A．issue B．event C．view D．story 3．A．forget B．ignore C．leave D．miss 4．A．boring B．lonely C．tough D．short 5．A．power B．ability C．urge D．chance 6．A．stop B．freeze C．spend D．waste 7．A．save B．fill C．take D．write 8．A．dramatically B．automatically C．rarely D．patiently 9．A．risk B．appreciate C．avoid D．mind 10．A．connect with B．take control of C．contribute to D．get rid of 11．A．friend B．teacher C．partner D．child 12．A．pick B．hear C．follow D．spot 13．A．embarrassment B．pride C．anger D．excitement 14．A．brief B．meaningful C．quiet D．historic 15．A．respect B．judge C．see D．criticize 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．A 11．D 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是议论文。文章通过描述在节日聚会上观察到父母们用手机记录孩子表演的现象，引出了关于父母如何与孩子真正建立联系的讨论。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个家长手里都拿着手机，仔细认真地记录着这一活动。A. notebook笔记本；B. camera相机；C. phone手机；D. computer电脑。根据后文“So the next time you’re at a game or birthday party, try this: take a few photos at the beginning, then put your phone away.”可知，每个家长手里拿着手机在记录。故选C项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个家长手里都拿着手机，仔细认真地记录着这一活动。A. issue问题；B. event活动；C. view观点；D. story故事。根据前文“At a recent holiday gathering, I sat behind a row of parents watching dozens of 9-year-olds in ties and beautiful dresses singing Sleigh Ride.”可知，是孩子们打着领带，穿着漂亮的裙子唱着Sleigh Ride，这是一个活动。故选B项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们非常努力地记录，以确保他们没有错过任何东西——然而我担心他们实际上错过了什么。A. forget忘记；B. ignore忽视；C. leave离开；D. miss错过。根据后文“and yet I worried that they were, in fact, missing out”可知，作者担心实际上他们错过了什么，和空处为转折关系，所以此处是确保他们没有错过任何东西。故选D项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：童年是短暂的。A. boring无聊的；B. lonely孤独的；C. tough艰难的；D. short短暂的。根据后文“This performance or soccer game will never come again.”可知，这种表演或足球比赛不会再来了，因为童年是短暂的。故选D项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我理解那种想要捕捉一切的冲动。A. power力量；B. ability能力；C. urge冲动；D. chance机会。根据前文“Childhood is 　　　　4　　　　.”可知，孩子童年短暂，所以父母有想要捕捉一切的冲动。故选C项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，父母们一直在寻找让孩子成长的时间凝固的方法，从包含脚印和头发的婴儿书籍开始。A. stop停止；B. freeze冻结；C. spend花费；D. waste浪费。根据后文“starting with baby books containing footprints and locks of hair. We 　　　　7　　　　 report cards, Halloween poems, and gold-starred spelling tests. And of course we have taken photos and videos.”可知，这些都是各个童年时刻留下的纪念，目的是希望让孩子成长的时间凝固。故选B项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们保存成绩单、万圣节诗歌和金星拼写测试。A. save保存；B. fill填充；C. take拿走；D. write写。根据前文“starting with baby books containing footprints and locks of hair.”可知，此处是描述父母留下孩子各个时期的物品，所以应是保存成绩单、万圣节诗歌和金星拼写测试。故选A项。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我越是看到父母下意识地拿起手机，我就越相信，当我们把孩子变成我们个人纪录片的主题时，我们可能会失去与孩子真正联系的机会。A. dramatically戏剧性地；B. automatically自动地；C. rarely很少；D. patiently耐心地。根据后文“reaching for their phones”结合前文内容和选项可知，父母总是下意识地拿起手机去纪录孩子。故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我越是看到父母下意识地拿起手机，我就越相信，当我们把孩子变成我们个人纪录片的主题时，我们可能会失去与孩子真正联系的机会。A. risk冒险；B. appreciate欣赏；C. avoid避免；D. mind介意。根据前文“and yet I worried that they were, in fact, missing out”可知，作者担心当我们把孩子变成我们个人纪录片的主题时，我们可能会失去与孩子真正联系的机会。故选A项。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，我越是看到父母下意识地拿起手机，我就越相信，当我们把孩子变成我们个人纪录片的主题时，我们可能会失去与孩子真正联系的机会。A. connect with与……联系；B. take control of控制；C. contribute to贡献；D. get rid of摆脱。根据前文“and yet I worried that they were, in fact, missing out”可知，作者担心当我们把孩子变成我们个人纪录片的主题时，我们可能会失去与孩子真正联系的机会。故选A项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：留意你的孩子，他会找你的。A. friend朋友；B. teacher老师；C. partner伙伴；D. child孩子。根据前文“So the next time you’re at a game or birthday party, try this: take a few photos at the beginning, then put your phone away.”可知，应是孩子们的比赛和生日聚会，所以留意您的孩子。故选D项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：等着他们在观众中认出你来。A. pick挑选；B. hear听到；C. follow跟随；D. spot发现。根据前文“who will be looking for you.”可知，孩子会寻找父母，所以是等着他们在观众中认出你来。故选D项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许他们会尴尬地捂着脸。A. embarrassment尴尬；B. pride自豪；C. anger愤怒；D. excitement兴奋。根据前文“Maybe they’ll cover their face”可知，孩子捂着脸，应是感到害羞尴尬。故选A项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不管怎样，这都是有意义的时刻：他们会知道你真的在看他们。A. brief简短的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. quiet安静的；D. historic历史性的。根据后文“the minute they will know that you really 　　　　15　　　　 them.”可知，孩子们知道你是在看他们，这应是有意义的时刻。故选B项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管怎样，这都是有意义的时刻：他们会知道你真的在看他们。A. respect尊重；B. judge判断；C. see看见；D. criticize批评。根据前文“Keep your eyes on your 　　　　11　　　　”可知，应是看孩子们。故选C项。 2.（24-25高三下·河北秦皇岛·开学考试）In a terrible environment, most people will probably lose the battle eventually with their willpower becoming weaker. It’s only a matter of time. So we should correctly 1 the power of the environment around us. Take my parents as an example. Neither of them were smokers when they entered a 2 , but it didn’t take long for them to join their smoking co-workers. At first, they resisted it, but as the days turned into weeks, their 3 to say no when everyone else was saying yes became weaker. Probably in order to 4 the community around them, they finally gave in. Decades later, quitting smoking proved nearly 5 when they turned to willpower because everyone around them still smoked. The very same force that encouraged them to start was preventing them from 6 . They were able to 7 the habit only when they changed their environment. They had to find new friends whose behavior was what my parents were 8 . Rules or regulations are often a carefully created environment to encourage certain behaviors. If someone is trying his best to use the willpower to 9 the environment, no doubt that’s a poor choice. People with the best behavior are 10 the ones with a beneficial environment. Sometimes it’s carefully chosen, and sometimes it’s just a kind of 11 . Either way, it’s easier for you to behave in the right environment. So if you’re not that fortunate, it is significant to create a favourable environment 12 . If you want to read more, be in 13 with book lovers. If you want to 14 effectively, hire a fitness trainer. A good environment allows you to get twice the 15 with half the effort but you should put yourself there first. 1．A．recognize B．test C．suspect D．abandon 2．A．tent B．field C．factory D．truck 3．A．failure B．permission C．standard D．determination 4．A．fit into B．appeal to C．look on D．make for 5．A．temporary B．impossible C．significant D．unnecessary 6．A．panicking B．complaining C．applying D．stopping 7．A．form B．kick C．share D．keep 8．A．in charge of B．strict in C．in favour of D．particular about 9．A．go against B．take possession of C．make up for D．depend on 10．A．unfortunately B．abruptly C．professionally D．typically 11．A．humour B．lie C．luck D．trick 12．A．naturally B．secretly C．distinctly D．purposefully 13．A．comparison B．company C．conflict D．sympathy 14．A．concentrate B．resign C．exercise D．assist 15．A．security B．effect C．virtue D．inspiration 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．C 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了在不良环境中，人们的意志力可能很快变得薄弱，环境影响着我们的行为，因此，为了更好地成就自己，我们需要有意识地创造出有利的环境来帮助自己实现目标。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们应该正确认识我们周围环境的力量。A. recognize认识；B. test测试；C. suspect怀疑；D. abandon放弃。根据上文“In a terrible environment, most people will probably lose the battle eventually with their willpower becoming weaker.”可知，应该正确认识我们周围环境的力量。故选A。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们俩刚进工厂时都不吸烟，但没过多久他们就加入了吸烟的同事行列。A. tent帐篷；B. field领域；C. factory工厂；D. truck卡车。根据下文“co-workers.”可知，父母进入的是工厂。故选C。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，他们很抗拒，但随着时间一天天过去，当其他人都说“是”的时候，他们说“不”的决心变得越来越弱。A. failure失败；B. permission允许；C. standard标准；D. determination决心。根据上文“they resisted it,”可知，这里强调在抵抗诱惑下的决心逐渐变得薄弱。故选D。 4．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：可能是为了融入周围的社区，他们最终屈服了。A. fit into融入；B .appeal to吸引；C. look on旁观；D. make for导致。根据下文“they finally gave in.”可知，父母为了融入社区的行为，最终屈服了。故选A。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几十年后，当他们发现仅靠意志力戒烟几乎是不可能的，因为他们周围的人都还在吸烟。A. temporary短暂的；B. impossible不可能的；C. significant重要的；D. unnecessary不必要的。根据下文“when they turned to willpower because everyone around them still smoked.”可知，戒烟几乎不可能，故选B。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：鼓励他们开始吸烟的力量同样阻碍了他们戒烟。A. panicking恐慌；B. complaining抱怨；C. applying应用；D. stopping停止。根据上文“The very same force that encouraged them to start”可知，鼓励他们开始吸烟的力量同样阻碍了他们戒烟，故选D。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们只在改变环境之后才成功戒烟。A. form形成；B .kick戒除坏习惯；C. share分享；D. keep保持。根据下文“when they changed their environment.”可知，在改变环境之后才成功戒烟。kick the habit是习惯用语，意为“戒除坏习惯”。故选B。 8．考查短语词义辨析。句意：他们必须找到新朋友，他们的行为举止和我父母的一致。A.in charge of负责；B. strict in对……严格；C. in favour of支持……的；D. particular about对……挑剔。根据上文“They were able to _____ the habit only when they changed their environment.”可知，环境改变了，行为就改变了，所以新环境中的人们和父母的举止是一致的。故选C。 9．考查短语词义辨析。句意：如果试图依靠意志力去对抗环境，毫无疑问是糟糕的选择。A. go against反对；B. take possession of占有；C. make up for弥补；D. depend on依赖。根据下文“no doubt that’s a poor choice.”可知，试图依靠意志力去对抗环境，毫无疑问是糟糕的选择。选择go against。故选A。 10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：行为最好的人通常都有一个有益的环境。A. unfortunately不幸地；B. abruptly突然地；C. professionally职业性地；D. typically通常。根据下文“with a beneficial environment.”可知，行为最好的人通常都有一个有益的环境，选D。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时是精心选择的，有时只是一种运气。A. humour幽默；B. lie谎言；C. luck运气；D. trick诡计。根据上文“Sometimes it’s carefully chosen”可知，有时是精心选择的，有时只是一种运气。故选C。 12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果你不那么幸运，能够有意创造一个有利环境是很重要的。A. naturally自然地；B. secretly秘密地；C. distinctly清晰可辨地；D. purposefully有目的地。根据上文“So if you’re not that fortunate”可知，果你不那么幸运，能够有意创造一个有利环境是很重要的，选D。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你想读更多书，请与书迷为伴。A. comparison对比；B. company陪伴；C. conflict冲突；D. sympathy同情。根据上文“If you want to read more”可知，喜欢读书的书迷应该以书为伴，故选B。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你想有效地锻炼，请雇佣一位健身教练。A. concentrate专注；B. resign辞职；C. exercise锻炼；D. assist协助。根据下文“hire a fitness trainer.”后文提到健身教练，所以指锻炼，选C。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：良一个好的环境可以让你事半功倍，但你应该把自己放在第一位。A. security安全；B. effect效果；C. virtue美德；D. inspiration灵感。根据上文“A good environment”可知，良一个好的环境可以让你事半功倍，故选B。 3.（23-24高三上·上海金山·阶段练习）Few social experiences are as common as going to the movies. Even as streaming services have made at-home viewing more convenient than ever, theatrical viewing has 1 . In 2019, global box office returns hit $42.5 billion, a new record. But it’s 2 to have a global movie business when most of the places where people go to see movies around the globe are shut down. Even in 3 times — despite the record box office numbers — making and showing movies is an unstable business. During a pandemic (疫情) , it’s nearly 4 . The lockdowns not only shut down movie theaters, which, as large gathering places, represented the potential 5 of transmission; they also shut down film productions, including some of the biggest movies in the works: a fourth Matrix film, another Jurassic Park film…. 6 , with theaters closed all over the planet, release dates for films that were already complete were pushed back by months or postponed indefinitely. Even under the best circumstances, theatrical profits are expected to 7 40 percent this year. That’s if theaters reopen at all. Most movie screens are owned by four companies — AMC, Regal, Cinemark, and Cineplex — all of which were in difficult 8 positions when the year began. Even the healthiest of the bunch, AMC, was already deep in debt. In April, just weeks after analysts downgraded its credit rating, the company borrowed another $500 million in order to be able to 9 in case of closures through the fall. But if closures last long enough, industry analysts warned, AMC could end up going out of 10 . And if AMC bit the dust, the other big chains might follow. Even worse, from the 1 perspective, was that movie studios were starting to break the agreement that had long propped up their entire business model: the theatrical window. Studios gave movie theaters 2 rights to air first-run productions — typically for about three months — before showing them on other platforms, such as video on demand. For years, theater chains had forcefully 3 even the smallest attempts to harm their exclusivity. But with theaters closed, the deal was 4 : Universal released several small-budget films to video on demand just weeks after they were released in theaters. Bigger-budget films followed. Trolls World Tour, an animated family film, 5 theaters entirely. This was an existential threat to theater chains — and to the modern theatrical experience. Would cinemas survive? 1．A．shrunk B．wrecked C．persisted D．objected 2．A．hard B．useful C．wise D．annoying 3．A．early B．recent C．historic D．boom 4．A．unbearable B．impossible C．illegal D．unusual 5．A．result B．prevention C．error D．danger 6．A．Initially B．Rather C．Contrarily D．Meanwhile 7．A．drop B．continue C．double D．show 8．A．dominant B．financial C．political D．defensive 9．A．match B．survive C．strand D．transform 10．A．business B．fashion C．control D．proportion 1．A．viewers’ B．producers’ C．theaters’ D．studios’ 2．A．equal B．exclusive C．public D．procedural 3．A．witnessed B．recorded C．resisted D．tolerated 4．A．on B．away C．off D．below 5．A．skipped B．owned C．recommended D．supported 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．D 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．B 0．A 11．C 12．B 13．C 14．C 15．A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕电影行业展开，先表明看电影是常见社交体验，即便流媒体使在家观影更方便，影院观影仍有市场且2019年票房创新高。但疫情致使全球多数影院关闭，电影制作停滞，已完工影片上映延期。今年影院利润即便在最佳情形下也预计下滑40%，且像AMC等四家主要影院公司年初财务状况就差，AMC 负债多靠借款维持，长期关闭可能致其倒闭并波及其他连锁影院。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管流媒体服务使家庭观看比以往任何时候都更加方便，但影院观看依然存在。A. shrunk缩小；B. wrecked破坏；C. persisted持续存在，坚持；D. objected反对。根据上文“Even as streaming services have made at-home viewing more convenient than ever”以及下文“In 2019, global box office returns hit $42.5 billion, a new record.”可知，即使流媒体服务让在家观影更方便，但影院观影依然存在并取得了好成绩。“persisted”表示“持续存在；坚持”，符合语境。故选C项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，当世界上大多数人们去看电影的地方都关闭时，很难有一个全球性的电影业务。A. hard困难的；B. useful有用的；C. wise明智的；D. annoying令人恼火的。根据下文“when most of the places where people go to see movies around the globe are shut down”可知，当全球大多数人们看电影的地方都关闭时，拥有一个全球电影业务是困难的。故选A项。 3．考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：即使在繁荣时期——尽管票房数字屡创新高——制作和放映电影也是一项不稳定的业务。A. early早期的；B. recent最近的；C. historic有历史意义的；D. boom繁荣，景气。根据下文“despite the record box office numbers — making and showing movies is an unstable business.”可知，这里说的是即使在票房成绩创纪录的繁荣时期，制作和放映电影也是不稳定的业务。“boom”表示“繁荣；景气”，“in boom times”意为“在繁荣时期”，符合语境。故选D项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在疫情期间，这几乎是不可能的。A. unbearable难以忍受的；B. impossible不可能的；C. illegal非法的；D. unusual不寻常的。根据上文“Even in 　　3　　 times — despite the record box office numbers — making and showing movies is an unstable business. During a pandemic (疫情) , it’s nearly…”可知，在疫情期间，制作和放映电影几乎是不可能的。故选B项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：封锁不仅关闭了电影院，因为电影院作为大型聚集场所，代表着传播的潜在危险。A. result结果；B. prevention预防；C. error错误；D. danger危险。根据“as large gathering places, represented the potential 　　5　　 of transmission” 可知，电影院作为大型聚集场所，存在传播的潜在危险。故选D项。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，随着全球影院的关闭，已经完成的电影的上映日期被推迟了几个月或无限期推迟。A. Initially最初；B. Rather相当，宁愿；C. Contrarily相反地；D. Meanwhile同时。根据上文“they also shut down film productions, including some of the biggest movies in the works: a fourth Matrix film, another Jurassic Park film”以及下文“with theaters closed all over the planet, release dates for films that were already complete were pushed back by months or postponed indefinitely.”可知，这里是说在电影制作关闭的同时，已经完成的电影的上映日期也被推迟了。故选D项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使在最好的情况下，今年影院的利润预计也会下降40%。A. drop下降，降低；B. continue继续；C. double加倍；D. show展示。根据上文疫情对电影行业的影响以及上文“Even under the best circumstances, theatrical profits are expected …”可知，即使在最好的情况下，影院利润预计今年也会下降 40%。故选A项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大多数电影屏幕由四家公司拥有——AMC、帝王、喜满客和影城——今年年初，这四家公司的财务状况都很困难。A. dominant占主导地位的；B. financial财务的，金融的；C. political政治的；D. defensive防御的。根据下文“Even the healthiest of the bunch, AMC, was already deep in debt.”可知，这几家公司在年初时财务状况都很困难。“in difficult financial positions”意为“处于困难的财务状况”，符合语境。故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年4月，就在分析师下调其信用评级几周后，该公司又借了5亿美元，以便在秋季倒闭的情况下能够生存下来。A. match匹配；B. survive生存，存活；C. strand使搁浅，使滞留；D. transform转变，转换。根据“the company borrowed another $500 million in order to be able to 　　9　　 in case of closures through the fall.”可知，公司借了 5 亿美元是为了在秋季可能关闭的情况下能够生存下来。故选B项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但行业分析师警告称，如果关闭的时间足够长，AMC最终可能会破产。A. business生意；B. fashion时尚；C. control控制；D. proportion比例。根据上文公司的财务困境以及下文“And if AMC bit the dust, the other big chains might follow.”可知，如果关闭时间足够长，AMC可能最终会倒闭。“go out of business”是固定短语，意为 “倒闭；停业”。故选A项。 11．考查名词所有格辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，从影院的角度来看，电影公司开始打破长期以来支撑其整个商业模式的协议：影院窗口。A. viewers’ 观众的；B. producers’ 制片人/ 生产者的；C. theaters’ 影院的。D. studios’ 制片厂的。根据下文“was that movie studios were starting to break the agreement that had long propped up their entire business model: the theatrical window.” 以及“Studios gave movie theaters 　　12　　 rights to air first-run productions...” 可知，电影制片厂打破了长期以来支持整个商业模式的协议，这对影院来说是更糟糕的。所以这里是从影院（theaters）的角度来看。故选C项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：电影公司给电影院独家播放首演作品的权利——通常是三个月左右——然后再在其他平台上播放，比如视频点播。A. equal平等的；B. exclusive独家的，专有的；C. public公共的；D. procedural程序上的。根据下文“…rights to air first-run productions — typically for about three months — before showing them on other platforms, such as video on demand.”可知，制片厂给予电影院独家播放首轮制作的权利，通常为期约三个月。“exclusive”表示“独家的；专有的”，符合语境。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，连锁影院一直强烈抵制哪怕是最小的损害其排他性的企图。A. witnessed见证；B. recorded记录；C. resisted抵制；D. tolerated容忍。根据下文“even the smallest attempts to harm their exclusivity.”可知，多年来，影院连锁公司一直强烈抵制任何哪怕是最小的损害他们独家经营权的企图。故选C项。 14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但随着影院关闭，协议就失效了：环球影业在几部小成本电影在影院上映几周后，就推出了点播视频。A. on在上面，进行中；B. away离开；C. off停止，取消。D. below在下面。根据下文“Universal released several small-budget films to video on demand just weeks after they were released in theaters. Bigger-budget films followed.” 可知，环球影业在电影在影院上映几周后就将几部小成本电影放到视频点播平台上，更大预算的电影也跟着这样做了，所以之前的协议失效了。“the deal was off”表示“协议失效了”，符合语境。故选C项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：家庭动画电影《魔发精灵：世界之旅》（Trolls World Tour）则完全没有在影院上映。A. skipped跳过，略过；B. owned拥有；C. recommended推荐；D. supported支持。根据上文“Universal released several small-budget films to video on demand just weeks after they were released in theaters. Bigger-budget films followed.”以及“Trolls World Tour, an animated family film, 　　15　　 theaters entirely.”可知，《魔发精灵：世界之旅》这部动画家庭电影完全跳过了影院放映。“skipped”表示“跳过；略过”，符合语境。故选A项。 4.（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Should period dramas reflect modern sensibilities? Simon Jenkins The most popular films of my youth were war films. They were about how Britain won a war — and that could be any war you cared to mention. In my opinion, they were great fun and, mostly, patriotic 1 . I’m a journalist and occasional historian, and something the two professions share is a respect for the 2 of truth. Both are in the business of bringing events to life through the power of fact, not falsification. They may sometimes be 3 of distortion (歪曲) and thoughtless analysis, but to be plain wrong is unethical and unprofessional. The gap between fact and fiction is one that should not be crossed — or if crossed, should stand corrected. Many playwrights, filmmakers and novelists 4 . To them, history is a stimulus to artistic licence, material to be exploited and 5 for dramatic effect. Their considerations are audience appeal, profit and, often, politics. They leave it to historians to worry about 6 . This, to me, is lying. I have always found ‘ 7 ’ (in which facts are the basis for fiction) hard to stomach. I can appreciate ‘docudrama’, which dramatises the events, or the novels of Hilary Mantel, as attempts to deepen our understanding of the past. Mantel insisted that her goal was always to be as 8 as the facts allowed. She did not 9 create false events. The same was not true of The Crown and its much-documented faking of stories. The fact the team behind the show took such pains to cast actors that 10 their real-life counterparts simply added a touch of reality to the made-up story. The result was an audience 11 of what was true or false. I appreciate that history — as with 12 — involves selection, and that selection itself can be motivated by a desire to twist the truth. Each age puts pressure on historians to select material in a manner that respects the 13 or bias (偏向) of nations, groups or individuals. The duty of the historian is to see behind such bias. The task is to reveal what happened, why and how. In an age of artificial intelligence and online ‘deep fakery’, the truth has never been more 14 . The world of fiction has no need to be a parasite (寄生虫) on history: it has all of human imagination to supply it with plots. Every work that claims to be ‘based on real events’ should, in my view, be identified as lies, and should display a large ‘T’ or ‘NT’ — true or not true. Artistic licence should not be a (n) 15 to deceive. 1．A．honour B．instinct C．rubbish D．masterpiece 2．A．victory B．sacredness C．suspicion D．degree 3．A．proud B．typical C．desperate D．guilty 4．A．disagree B．persist C．hesitate D．echo 5．A．recorded B．publicized C．abused D．corrected 6．A．plot B．artistry C．edition D．truth 7．A．faction B．profile C．nonfiction D．social-drama 8．A．awesome B．imaginative C．accurate D．comprehensive 9．A．necessarily B．deliberately C．merely D．duly 10．A．adored B．falsified C．documented D．resembled 11．A．conscious B．ignorant C．clear D．insightful 12．A．journalism B．literature C．politics D．patriotism 13．A．literacy B．reason C．justice D．sensitivity 14．A．immoral B．precious C．sufficient D．revolutionary 15．A．instance B．tendency C．licence D．submission 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者Simon Jenkins讨论了历史剧是否应该反映现代感性的问题。他强调了事实与虚构之间的区别，并对历史题材的艺术作品提出了自己的看法。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我看来，它们很有趣，而且大多是爱国主义的垃圾。A. honour荣誉；B. instinct本能；C. rubbish垃圾；D. masterpiece杰作。根据下文“ To them, history is a stimulus to artistic licence, material to be exploited and 5 for dramatic effect. ”可知，作者这些电影的态度是消极的，由此推知作者认为它们是垃圾。故选C项。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我是一名记者和偶尔的历史学家，这两个职业共同的一点是对真理的尊重。A. victory胜利；B. sacredness神圣性；C. suspicion怀疑；D. degree学位。根据下文“Both are in the business of bringing events to life through the power of fact, not falsification.”可知，记者和历史学家的共同之处在于他们都尊重事实真相，即对真理的神圣性的尊重。故选B项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们有时可能会因为歪曲和无知分析而感到愧疚，但公然错误是不道德和不专业的。A. proud自豪的；B. typical典型的；C. desperate绝望的；D. guilty愧疚的。根据下文“distortion (歪曲) and thoughtless analysis”可知，下文说的是歪曲和无知分析，可推理出此处说的是它们有时可能会因为歪曲和无知分析而感到愧疚。故选D项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多剧作家、电影制作人和小说家不同意。A. disagree不同意；B. persist坚持；C. hesitate犹豫；D. echo回声。根据下文“To them, history is a stimulus to artistic licence, material to be exploited and abused for dramatic effect.”可知，许多剧作家、电影制作人和小说家对作者的观点持不同意见。故选A项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，历史是激发艺术灵感的刺激，是被利用和滥用以达到戏剧效果的材料。A. recorded记录；B. publicized宣传；C. abused滥用；D. corrected纠正。根据上文“history is a stimulus to artistic licence, material to be exploited”可知，这里指历史材料被滥用以达到戏剧效果。故选C项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们让历史学家去担心真相。A. plot情节；B. artistry艺术性；C. edition版本；D. truth真相。根据上文“Their considerations are audience appeal, profit and, often, politics.”可知，这些剧作家、电影制作人和小说家只考虑观众吸引力、利润和政治等因素，而不考虑真相，他们把真相留给历史学家去担心。故选D项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一直觉得以事实为基础的虚构作品难以接受。A. faction以事实为基础的虚构作品；B. profile侧面；C. nonfiction非虚构作品；D. social-drama社会剧。根据下文“I can appreciate “docudrama”, which dramatises the events”可知，作者可以接受将事实戏剧化的“纪实剧”，可推理出作者难以接受以事实为基础的虚构作品。故选A项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Mantel坚持认为她的目标总是尽可能准确。A. awesome令人敬畏的；B. imaginative富有想象力的；C. accurate准确的；D. comprehensive全面的。根据上文“I can appreciate “docudrama”, which dramatises the events, or the novels of Hilary Mantel, as attempts to deepen our understanding of the past.”以及下文“as the facts allowed”可知，作者欣赏Mantel的小说是因为其试图加深我们对过去的理解，可推理出此处说的是目标应是尽可能准确地呈现事实。故选C项。 9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她并没有故意创造虚假事件。A. necessarily必然地；B. deliberately故意地；C. merely仅仅；D. duly适当地。根据上文“or the novels of Hilary Mantel, as attempts to deepen our understanding of the past.”和下文“create false events”可推理出此处说的是她并没有故意创造虚假事件。故选B项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，剧组花费如此大的力气挑选演员来饰演他们现实生活中的原型，这仅仅是为虚构的故事增添了一丝真实感。A. adored喜爱；B. falsified伪造；C. documented记录；D. resembled相似。根据下文“their real-life counterparts”可知，下文提到了他们现实生活中的原型，可推理出此处说的是剧组花费很大力气挑选演员是为了让演员与现实生活中的原型相似，为虚构故事增添真实感。故选D项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：结果是观众对什么是真实的，什么是虚假的一无所知。A. conscious有意识的；B. ignorant无知的；C. clear清楚的；D. insightful有洞察力的。根据上文“ their real-life counterparts”可知，由于剧组花费大力气挑选演员让故事看起来更真实，导致观众无法分辨真假，对真实和虚假一无所知。故选B项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认识到历史——就像新闻业一样——涉及选择，而这种选择本身可能受到歪曲真相的愿望的驱使。A. journalism新闻业；B. literature文学；C. politics政治；D. patriotism爱国主义。根据上文“I’m a journalist and occasional historian”以及下文“Each age puts pressure on historians to select material in a manner that respects the 13 or bias (偏向) of nations, groups or individuals.”可知，作者将历史和新闻业进行类比，因为二者都涉及选择，并且这种选择可能受到歪曲真相的愿望的驱使。故选A项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个时代都给历史学家施加压力，要求他们以尊重国家、团体或个人的敏感性或偏见的方式选择材料。A. literacy读写能力；B. reason原因；C. justice正义；D. sensitivity敏感性。根据下文“The duty of the historian is to see behind such bias.”可知下文提到了历史学家的责任就是看到偏见的背后，可推理出此处说的是每个时代都给历史学家施加压力，让他们在选择材料时要尊重国家、团体或个人的敏感性或偏见。故选D项。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在人工智能和网络“深度伪造”的时代，真相从未如此珍贵。A. immoral不道德的；B. precious珍贵的；C. sufficient足够的；D. revolutionary革命的。根据上文“In an age of artificial intelligence and online “deep fakery””可知上文提到了如今这个时代充满伪造，可推理出此处说的是真相变得非常珍贵。故选B项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：艺术许可不应成为欺骗的借口。A. instance例子；B. tendency倾向；C. licence许可证；D. submission提交。下文“to deceive.”说的是欺骗，结合作者对战争电影的消极态度，可推理出此处说的是艺术许可不应成为欺骗的借口或理由，licence的含义为“许可证”，意译为“……的理由或借口”。故选C项。 5.（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Overcoming your inner goblin RECENTLY, some colleagues of mine put on a public health conference. More than 80 people registered for the in-person-only event, and we ordered coffees and snacks for a little under that number — assuming, as is the 1 , that 20 to 30 per cent of people would drop out. 2 , it was closer to 90 per cent. Only a handful of people showed up. We were shocked and distressed, and started speculating about why the 3 was so bad. Then someone mentioned that this kind of thing is more common after the Covid-19 lockdowns: people just don’t like leaving their homes anymore. A quick search online will show you that our experience wasn’t a fluke (偶然). Some journalists and science centres have also noted that people were behaving antisocially — harassing others or causing distress — during the lockdowns. All this suggests that the process 4 culture change — what is known as cultural evolution — requires a lot of regular social interaction to maintain itself. Society is probably more 5 than many of us would like to think. Cultural evolution is how information that can’t be 6 in your genes is shared or changes. We learn a lot from our elders and contemporaries, things like language and social norms that we just can’t spring from the womb understanding. Over the past 30 years or so, cultural evolution has exploded as an academic field, with computer models and lab experiments showing that the cultural sharing of social norms is central to the stability of society. Yet it may be that those norms need a lot more 7 than we might have thought. A 2022 paper in Crime Science showed a 50 percent rise in antisocial behaviours during periods in 2020 and 2021. These findings 8 strongly with data suggesting that rates of crimes such as theft and burglary dropped. Other strange trends — or new cultural traits, to use the language of cultural evolution researchers — 9 over the 2020 to 2022 period. People started referring to “goblin mode”, or hiding in your house, closing the blinds, playing games, watching TV and eating junk food for hours. (I confess than when I first heard the term, I thought: “That sounds nice!”) In a way, the Covid-19 lockdowns were a large-scale experiment in what happens to our culturally transmitted norms when we enforce physical separation from others. The results are, to say the least, 10 . The behaviours we have been over the past few years suggest that not only do we need cultural transmission to learn how to behave sociably, we need repeated and regular interaction to maintain norms. In other words, if I explain to a child that it is 11 to yell at other people, it seems it isn’t enough to only do this once. The behaviours we have seen — and continue to see — indicate that Covid-19 lockdowns forced a kind of 12 cultural evolutionary process. We are social animals who need regular interaction, and 13 us of socialising releases a culturally primitive, largely antisocial goblin. The good news, however, is that the world’s accidental experiment in the shortcomings of our ability to hold on to cultural norms suggests some 14 . It is clear that digital communication — sitting in depressing Zoom meetings and playing the odd online game with friends — isn’t enough to maintain norms across society. And so we, individually and as cultural groups, should promote in-person socialisation (this does not mean required appearances at the office) where possible — and encourage others to overcome their inner goblins. 15 , at the very least, many more free biscuits might go to waste. 1．A．norm B．standard C．reality D．phenomenon 2．A．Relatively B．Surprisingly C．Reasonably D．Miraculously 3．A．turnover B．workout C．turnout D．takeout 4．A．underestimating B．underlining C．undergoing D．underlying 5．A．fragile B．stable C．steady D．harmonious 6．A．enacted B．encoded C．activated D．enclosed 7．A．restoration B．reflection C．maintenance D．inspection 8．A．coupled B．coincided C．concerned D．contrasted 9．A．popped up B．rounded up C．took up D．cleared up 10．A．touching B．discouraging C．inspiring D．uplifting 11．A．feasible B．inevitable C．mean D．civilized 12．A．tangible B．rational C．exceptional D．reverse 13．A．depriving B．approving C．relieving D．assuring 14．A．messes B．fixes C．mysteries D．particulars 15．A．Rather B．Still C．Otherwise D．Moreover 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章以同事举办的公共卫生会议出席率低为例，指出新冠封锁后人们出现反社会行为等现象，说明文化进化需要社会互动来维持，新冠封锁迫使一种反向的文化进化过程，不过这也提供了解决办法，即应促进面对面社交，克服内心的“恶魔”。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：超过80人报名参加了这场仅限现场参加的活动，我们点了略低于这个数字的咖啡和零食——假设20%至30%的人会退出，这是常态。A. norm常态；B. standard标准；C. reality现实；D. phenomenon现象。根据上文“we ordered coffees and snacks for a little under that number”可知，他们订购了咖啡和小吃，数量略少于注册人数，由此可知，会有一定比例的人不参加已经注册的活动是一种常态。故选A。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，这一比例接近90%。只有少数人出席了会议。A. Relatively相对地；B. Surprisingly令人惊讶地；C. Reasonably合理地；D. Miraculously神奇地。根据上文“assuming, as is the ____1____, that 20 to 30 per cent of people would drop out”和下文“it was closer to 90 per cent”可知，他们原本假设20%至30%的人会退出，而实际未出席率接近90%，由此可知，这种情况是令人惊讶的。故选B。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们感到震惊和痛苦，并开始猜测为什么出席人数如此之低。A. turnover营业额；B. workout锻炼；C. turnout出席人数；D. takeout外卖。根据上文“Only a handful of people showed up.”可知，只有少数人出席了会议，此处指猜测为什么出席人数如此之低。故选C。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有这些都表明，构成文化变化基础的过程——也就是所谓的文化进化——需要大量有规律的社会互动来维持自身。A. underestimating低估；B. underlining强调；C. undergoing经历；D. underlying构成……的基础。根据下文“culture change — what is known as cultural evolution”可推知，文化进化是构成文化变化过程的基础。故选D。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：社会可能比我们许多人想象的更脆弱。A. fragile脆弱的；B. stable稳定的；C. steady平稳的；D. harmonious和谐的。根据上文“Some journalists and science centres have also noted that people were behaving antisocially — harassing others or causing distress — during the lockdowns.”可知，在封锁期间，外界环境发生变化的情况下，人们有反社会行为，由此可知，这些反映了社会结构的脆弱，即容易受到外部因素的影响而发生变化。故选A。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：文化进化是指无法在基因中编码的信息如何被共享或改变。A. enacted颁布；B. encoded编码；C. activated激活；D. enclosed包围。根据下文“We learn a lot from our elders and contemporaries, things like language and social norms that we just can’t spring from the womb understanding.”可知，我们从长辈和同时代的人那里学到了很多东西，比如语言和社会规范，而非从子宫里就能理解的，由此可知，文化进化这种信息无法被编码进基因中，即无法通过遗传传递。故选B。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这些规范可能比我们想象的需要更多的维护。A. restoration恢复；B. reflection反射；C. maintenance维护；D. inspection检查。根据上文“All this suggests that the process ____4____ culture change — what is known as cultural evolution — requires a lot of regular social interaction to maintain itself.”可知，此处指这些规范比我们想象的需要更多的维护，maintenance呼应上文的maintain。故选C。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些发现与显示盗窃和入室盗窃等犯罪率下降的数据形成鲜明对比。A. coupled连接；B. coincided巧合；C. concerned涉及；D. contrasted对比。根据上文“A 2022 paper in Crime Science showed a 50 percent rise in antisocial behaviours during periods in 2020 and 2021.”和下文“data suggesting that rates of crimes such as theft and burglary dropped”可知，在2020年和2021年期间，反社会行为增加了50%，而另一方面数据显示盗窃和入室盗窃等犯罪率下降，这两个情况形成了强烈的对比。故选D。 9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在2020年至2022年期间，其他奇怪的趋势——或者用文化进化研究人员的话说，是新的文化特征——出现了。A. popped up突然出现；B. rounded up围捕；C. took up占用；D. cleared up清理。根据下文“People started referring to “goblin mode”, or hiding in your house, closing the blinds, playing games, watching TV and eating junk food for hours.”可知，人们开始在生活中进行“摆烂模式”，这属于奇怪的趋势，由此可知，此处指新的文化特征出现了。故选A。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：结果至少是令人沮丧的。A. touching感人的；B. discouraging令人沮丧的；C. inspiring鼓舞人心的；D. uplifting令人振奋的。根据下文“The behaviours we have been over the past few years suggest that not only do we need cultural transmission to learn how to behave sociably, we need repeated and regular interaction to maintain norms.”可知，封锁期间的行为表明，我们不仅需要文化传播来学习如何社交，还需要反复和定期的互动来维持规范，由此可知，结果是是令人沮丧的。故选B。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：换句话说，如果我向一个孩子解释，对别人大喊大叫是刻薄的，似乎只这样做一次是不够的。A. feasible可行的；B. inevitable不可避免的；C. mean刻薄的；D. civilized文明的。根据下文“to yell at other people”可推知，对别人大喊大叫是刻薄的。故选C。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们已经看到并将继续看到的行为表明，新冠肺炎封锁迫使一种反向的文化进化过程。A. tangible有形的；B. rational理性的；C. exceptional例外的；D. reverse相反的。根据上文“Then someone mentioned that this kind of thing is more common after the Covid-19 lockdowns: people just don’t like leaving their homes anymore.”可知，新冠肺炎封锁导致人们不喜欢离开家，也就是减少社交，避免与人相处，由此可知，这迫使了反向的文化进化过程。故选D。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们是社会性动物，需要定期的互动，剥夺我们的社交活动会释放出一个文化上原始的、很大程度上反社会的小妖精。A. depriving剥夺；B. approving批准；C. relieving缓解；D. assuring保证。根据下文“releases a culturally primitive, largely antisocial goblin”可知，这一行为让社会性动物的我们变成一个文化上原始的、很大程度上反社会的小妖精，由此可知，这是剥夺我们的社交活动。故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，好消息是，世界对我们坚持文化规范的能力的缺陷进行了偶然的实验，这为我们提供了一些解决办法。A. messes混乱；B. fixes解决办法；C. mysteries神秘；D. particulars细节。根据下文“And so we, individually and as cultural groups, should promote in-person socialisation (this does not mean required appearances at the office) where possible — and encourage others to overcome their inner goblins.”可知，这个实验也让我们知道应该促进面对面的社交，并鼓励他人克服内心的恶魔，由此可知，这为我们提供了一些解决办法。故选B。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：否则，至少会有更多的免费饼干被浪费掉。A. Rather反而；B. Still仍然；C. Otherwise否则；D. Moreover此外。根据下文“at the very least, many more free biscuits might go to waste”可推知，此处指的是如果不采取措施促进社交，那么至少会有更多的资源被浪费。故选C。 6.（24-25高三上·安徽阜阳·阶段练习）The history of human beings is naturally a process to pursue happiness, which is the ultimate purpose of life. Happiness makes us cope with our careers energetically and harmonise life 1 . However, the word “pursue” evidences that happiness is like a horizon (地平线), when we move further, it 2 away. Obviously, defining happiness has 3 mankind for thousands of years because individuals all have their own 4 and, more critically, human desires are almost limitless. 5 is the common standard for happiness of merchants, yet their dreams of being billionaires and even zillionaires always follow the fulfilment of the dreams of being millionaires. The process of struggling for may-be happiness always ends in must-be 6 . Thus, the definition of happiness can hardly be 7 .Nevertheless, although happiness is indefinable, it is still easy for us to find the 8 examples of happy people, who, in fact, share three features in common: optimistic mentality, 9 body, and stable income. It is apparent that most of the sufferings are 10 by external surroundings and they are nearly unavoidable. Thus, one can only change his mentality to 11 them. Meanwhile, without health one cannot sustain happiness to enjoy the 12 of life. Furthermore, to be realistic, a beggar, while struggling in poverty, can never be as 13 as a millionaire sailing on the Pacific Ocean. Hence, stable income is also significant for achieving happiness. To summarise, to define happiness will not be so hard if humans can understand happiness in a standard way and eliminate (消灭) their 14 totally. However, before the realization of this 15 , being optimistic, healthy, and financially independent may be the “keys” to happiness. 1．A．instantly B．definitely C．permanently D．optimistically 2．A．puts B．backs C．gives D．breaks 3．A．helped B．confused C．changed D．interrupted 4．A．directions B．compositions C．solutions D．interpretations 5．A．Fame B．Health C．Wealth D．Liberty 6．A．success B．sacrifice C．motivation D．dissatisfaction 7．A．settled B．copied C．expected D．expanded 8．A．rare B．unique C．walking D．running 9．A．weak B．slim C．sound D．large 10．A．cut down B．held back C．pulled up D．brought about 11．A．clear B．find C．test D．grasp 12．A．cycle B．sunshine C．outcome D．power 13．A．peaceful B．careful C．polite D．practical 14．A．fear B．greed C．dream D．poverty 15．A．goal B．value C．cause D．potential 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．C 10．D 11．A 12．B 13．A 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“幸福”这一主题展开，提出人类追求幸福是人生的终极目的，探讨了幸福定义的困难性，并阐述了实现幸福的可能途径。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸福让我们精力充沛地应对事业，乐观地调和生活。A. instantly立刻；B. definitely肯定地；C. permanently永久地；D. optimistically乐观地。根据空前的“cope with our careers energetically”可判断，空处指的是“乐观地”面对生活。故选D。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，“追求”一词表明，幸福就像地平线，当我们向前迈进时，它却在后退。A. puts放置；B. backs支持、后退；C. gives给予；D. breaks打破。根据上文“the word “pursue” evidences that happiness is like a horizon (地平线), when we move further”以及常理可知，幸福就像地平线，你追求它，它却越来越遥远，也就是仿佛在后退。故选B。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：显然，数千年来，人类对幸福的定义一直感到困惑，因为每个人都有自己的诠释，而且更重要的是，人类的欲望几乎是无限的。A. helped帮助；B. confused使困惑；C. changed改变；D. interrupted打断。根据下文“individuals all have their own ___4___ and, more critically, human desires are almost limitless.”可推测，每个人对幸福都有自己的诠释，因此，人们对定义幸福感到困惑。故选B。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然，数千年来，人类对幸福的定义一直感到困惑，因为每个人都有自己的诠释，而且更重要的是，人类的欲望几乎是无限的。A. directions方向；B. compositions作文；C. solutions解决方案；D. interpretations诠释。根据下文“___5___ is the common standard for happiness of merchants, yet their dreams of being billionaires and even zillionaires always follow the fulfilment of the dreams of being millionaires.”可知，下文解释了商人的幸福标准就是得到财富。由此可推测，空处指的是对于幸福的定义，不同的人有不同的诠释。故选D。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：财富是商人幸福的共同标准，但他们成为亿万富翁甚至万亿富翁的梦想总是在实现成为百万富翁的梦想之后接踵而至。A. Fame名声；B. Health健康；C. Wealth财富；D. Liberty自由。根据下文“the common standard for happiness of merchants, yet their dreams of being billionaires and even zillionaires always follow the fulfilment of the dreams of being millionaires.”可推测，商人的幸福就是成为亿万富翁甚至万亿富翁，由此可知，对于商人而言，财富就是幸福的标准。故选C。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为可能的幸福而奋斗的过程往往以必然的不满告终。A. success成功；B. sacrifice牺牲；C. motivation动机；D. dissatisfaction不满。根据上文“human desires are almost limitless”可知，人类的欲望是无止尽的，由此可知，这样的追逐幸福的过程必然会带来不满，因为，欲望永远无法得到满足。故选D。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，幸福的定义很难确定。A. settled定居、确定；B. copied复制；C. expected期待、预料；D. expanded扩大、扩展。根据下文“although happiness is indefinable”可知，幸福难以定义。故选A。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，尽管幸福难以定义，但我们仍然很容易找到幸福之人的活生生的例子，他们实际上有三个共同特征：乐观的心态、健康的身体和稳定的收入。A. rare罕见的；B. unique独特的；C. walking行走的、活生生的；D. running跑步的。根据上文可知，幸福难以定义；再根据空后“examples of happy people”可知，尽管很难找到幸福，但是也有活生生的找到幸福之人的例子。故选C。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，尽管幸福难以定义，但我们仍然很容易找到幸福之人的活生生的例子，他们实际上有三个共同特征：乐观的心态、健康的身体和稳定的收入。A. weak虚弱的；B. slim苗条的；C. sound健康的；D. large大的。根据下文“Meanwhile, without health one cannot sustain happiness to enjoy the ___12___ of life.”以及“However, before the realization of this ___15___, being optimistic, healthy, and financially independent may be the “keys” to happiness”可知，幸福的人都有健康的身体。故选C。 10．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：显然，大多数痛苦都是由外部环境造成的，而这些痛苦几乎是不可避免的。A. cut down消减、减少；B. held back阻止、阻碍；C. pulled up拔起；D. brought about带来、引起。根据空后的“by external surroundings and they are nearly unavoidable”可知，这些痛苦是由外部环境造成的。故选D。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，一个人只能通过改变心态来消除这些痛苦。A. clear清除；B. find发现、找到；C. test测试；D. grasp抓住、理解。根据上文“they are nearly unavoidable”可知，这些痛苦是无法避免的；再根据“optimistic mentality”可推测，作者认为想要清除痛苦只能改变心态，变得乐观。故选A。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同时，没有健康，一个人就无法持续享受幸福，无法沐浴生活的阳光。A. cycle循环；B. sunshine阳光；C. outcome结果；D. power权力、力量。根据空前的“sustain happiness”可推测，没有健康，一个人就没有幸福，也就是说，没有办法享受生活的阳光。故选B。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，从现实的角度来看，一个乞丐在贫困中挣扎时，绝不可能像百万富翁在太平洋上航行时那样平静。A. peaceful和平的、平静的；B. careful小心的；C. polite有礼貌的；D. practical实用的。根据上文“a beggar, while struggling in poverty”中的“struggling”可推测，空处指的是两种情况的比较，乞丐在贫困中挣扎时，百万富翁在太平洋上航行时很平静。故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：综上所述，如果人类能以标准的方式理解幸福并完全消除贪婪，那么定义幸福就不会那么困难。A. fear害怕；B. greed贪婪；C. dream梦想；D. poverty贫穷。根据上文“human desires are almost limitless”可推测，一个人无法满足欲望，消除贪婪，就没办法定义属于自己的幸福。故选B。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在实现这一目标之前，保持乐观、健康和财务独立可能是通往幸福的“钥匙”。A. goal目标；B. value价值；C. cause事业、原因；D. potential潜力。根据空前的“the realization”以及空后的“being optimistic, healthy, and financially independent may be the “keys” to happiness.”可推测，保持乐观、健康和财务独立可以让我们实现幸福这一目标。故选A。 7.（24-25高三上·上海金山·阶段练习）July 19th was a day for IT heroes. A routine software update caused computer outages in offices, hospitals and airports worldwide. Most white-collar workers looked sadly at their screens and realized just how useless they are if they cannot 1 . People in IT came to the rescue of helpless colleagues and 2 passengers. Their work that day was full of stress— but also full of meaning. If machines can add purpose to some jobs when they fail, what about when they work 3 ? This is not an idle question, but a serious one. Discussions about A in particular easily get lost in aypotherical (假设的) debates about wholesale job losses or, worse, the nature of consciousness. But technologies tend to spread in less 4 ways, task by task rather than role by role. Before machines replace individuals, they change the nature of the work they do. That transformation is likely to affect job satisfaction. Many employees give 5 to non-monetary rewards, such as job interest and engagement. A recent discussion paper surveyed American workers who had 6 jobs to find out whether and why they thought their new positions were better; they found that interest in the work mattered more to people than pay and benefits. However, a study revealed a concerning 7 : Robots in industrial settings reduced the perceived meaningfulness of jobs across the board, 8 age, gender, skills and the type of work. While machines can theoretically free up time for more interesting tasks, 9 , they seem to have had the opposite effect. Why might this be? They find that industrial robots make jobs less physically demanding. But the number of tasks that remain open to humans 10 , hurting both the variety of work and people’s understanding of the production process. Work becomes more routine, not less. However, machines don’t always have a (n) 11 impact. For example, in service industries like health care, less time spent on boring work might indeed mean more time with patients. Consumer reactions to automation can also 12 . In an experiment to test how customers reacted to different descriptions of a cooking set, people who 13 being skilled chefs really didn’t like products that promised to do everything at the touch of a button. A technology that cuts down on boring tasks is fine; one that 14 your sense of identity is not. While it is stil too early to know how AI will affect the quality of work, one thing is clear: machines can make employees feel 15 about their work. Introducing new technologies in cooperation with employees, rather than imposing (勉强) them, and enhancing their sense of competence are crucial. Bosses who ignore these issues are missing something meaningful. 1．A．log in B．opt out C．show off D．hurry up 2．A．stranded B．responsible C．hesitant D．embarrassed 3．A．properly B．purposelessly C．continuously D．unwillingly 4．A．accessible B．casual C．dramatic D．dynamic 5．A．rise B．way C．priority D．insight 6．A．created B．switched C．completed D．evaluated 7．A．cause B．concept C．secret D．trend 8．A．rather than B．in case of C．according to D．regardless of 9．A．in practice B．as a result C．in short D．in addition 10．A．exists B．continues C．decreases D．emerges 11．A．negative B．powerful C．immediate D．significant 12．A．cease B．occur C．impress D．vary 13．A．occupied themselves with B．prided themselves on C．Concentrated themselves on D．freed themselves of 14．A．lacks B．heightens C．threatens D．maintains 15．A．anxiously B．differently C．strongly D．oddly 【答案】 1．A 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．D 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“机器和人工智能对工作质量和员工感受的影响”这一主题展开讨论，通过引用多个研究案例和分析，探讨了机器在出现故障和正常运转时对工作的影响，以及自动化和人工智能在不同行业中的应用对员工感受和工作质量的潜在影响。 1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：大多数白领都悲伤地看着他们的屏幕，意识到如果他们不能登录，他们是多么没用。A. log in登录；B. opt out选择退出；C. show off炫耀；D. hurry up赶快。根据上文“A routine software update caused computer outages”提到电脑中断，由此可知，此处应表示白领意识到他们不能登录电脑。故选A项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：IT部门的人前来救援无助的同事和滞留的乘客。A. stranded滞留的；B. responsible负责的；C. hesitant犹豫的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“A routine software update caused computer outages in…airports”提到机场的电脑中断，以及下文“passengers”由此可知，此处应表示IT部门的人前来救援无助的同事和滞留的乘客。 故选A项。 3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果机器可以在某些工作失败的时候给它们增加意义，那么当它们正常工作的时候呢？A. properly正常地；B. purposelessly无目的地；C. continuously持续不断地；D. unwillingly不情愿地。根据上文“If machines can add purpose to some jobs when they fail”提到工作失败的时候，由此可知，此处应表示机器正常工作的时候，和上文的fail形成呼应。故选A项。 4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但技术的传播方式往往不那么引人注目，而是一项任务接一项任务，而不是一个角色接一个角色。A. accessible可进入的；B. casual随意的；C. dramatic引人注目的；D. dynamic动态的。根据下文“task by task rather than role by role”提到一项任务接一项任务，而不是一个角色接一个角色，由此可推知，此处应表示技术的传播方式往往不那么引人注目。故选C项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多员工优先考虑非金钱奖励，比如工作兴趣和敬业度。A. rise增加；B. way方式；C. priority优先；D. insight视野，洞察力。根据下文“such as job interest and engagement”提到工作兴趣和敬业度，以及下文“they found that interest in the work mattered more to people than pay and benefits”由此可推知。此处应表示许多员工优先考虑非金钱奖励。故选C项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近的一份讨论文件调查了换了工作的美国工人，以了解他们是否以及为什么认为自己的新工作更好。A. created创造；B. switched转变；C. completed完成；D. evaluated评估。根据下文“find out whether and why they thought their new positions were better”提到新工作，由此可知，此处应表示最近的一份讨论文件调查了换了工作的美国工人。故选B项。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，一项研究揭示了一个令人担忧的趋势：工业环境中的机器人降低了人们对工作意义的感知，无论年龄、性别、技能和工作类型如何。A. cause原因；B. concept概念；C. secret秘密；D. trend趋势。根据下文“Robots in industrial settings reduced the perceived meaningfulness of jobs across the board, 　　8　　 age, gender, skills and the type of work.”可知，此处应表示一项研究揭示了一个令人担忧的趋势。故选D项。 8．考查固定短语辨析。句意：然而，一项研究揭示了一个令人担忧的趋势：工业环境中的机器人降低了人们对工作意义的感知，无论年龄、性别、技能和工作类型如何。A. rather than而不是；B. in case of万一；C. according to根据；D. regardless of不管，不顾。根据上文“Robots in industrial settings reduced the perceived meaningfulness of jobs across the board”以及下文“age, gender, skills and the type of work”由此可知，此处应表示工业环境中的机器人降低了人们对工作意义的感知，无论年龄、性别、技能和工作类型如何。故选D项。 9．考查介词短语辨析。句意：虽然机器理论上可以为更有趣的任务腾出时间，但在实践中，它们似乎起到了相反的作用。A. in practice实践中；B. as a result结果；C. in short简而言之；D. in addition此外。根据上文“While machines can theoretically free up time for more interesting tasks”提到机器理论上可以为更有趣的任务腾出时间，由此可知，此处应表示在实践中，它们似乎起到了相反的作用。和上文中的theoretically“理论上”形成呼应。故选A项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，对人类开放的任务数量减少了，这既损害了工作的多样性，也损害了人们对生产过程的理解。A. exists存在；B. continues继续；C. decreases减少；D. emerges出现。根据上文“They find that industrial robots make jobs less physically demanding.”提到工业机器人减少了对体力的要求。由此可知，此处应表示对人类开放的任务数量减少了。故选C项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，机器并不总是有负面影响。A. negative负面的；B. powerful有力量的；C. immediate立刻的；D. significant有意义的。根据下文“For example, in service industries like health care, less time spent on boring work might indeed mean more time with patients.”提到机器的有利一面，由此可知，此处应表示机器并不总是有负面影响。故选A项。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：消费者对自动化的反应也各不相同。A. cease停止；B. occur发生；C. impress使留下深刻印象；D. vary不同。根据下文“one that ___14___ your sense of identity is not.”由此可知，此处应表示消费者对自动化的反应也各不相同。故选D项。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在一项测试顾客对一套厨具的不同描述的反应的实验中，那些以熟练厨师为荣的人真的不喜欢那些承诺只要按一下按钮就能做所有事情的产品。A. occupied themselves with忙于，专注于；B. prided themselves on以……为傲；C. concentrated themselves on专注于；D. freed themselves of使某人摆脱。根据句意以及下文“…skilled chefs really didn’t like products that promised to do everything at the touch of a button”由此可知，此处应表示那些以熟练厨师为荣的人真的不喜欢那些承诺只要按一下按钮就能做所有事情的产品。prided themselves on“以……为傲”。故选B项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一项减少无聊任务的技术是好的；但威胁到你身份认同感的东西就不会。A. lacks缺乏；B. heightens提高；C. threatens威胁；D. maintains保持。根据上文“A technology that cuts down on boring tasks is fine”以及下文“your sense of identity is not”由此可知，此处应表示威胁到你身份认同感的东西就不会。故选C项。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然现在就知道人工智能将如何影响工作质量还为时过早，但有一点是明确的：机器可以让员工对自己的工作产生不同的感觉。A. anxiously焦虑地；B. differently不同地；C. strongly强烈地；D. oddly奇怪的是。根据上文“Consumer reactions to automation can also vary.”提到消费者对自动化的反应也各不相同。由此可推知，此处应表示机器可以让员工对自己的工作产生不同的感觉。故选B项。 8.（24-25高三上·上海闵行·期中）In recent years, many employers have begun to prioritize skills over traditional qualifications when evaluating job candidates. This shift aims to 1 persistent skills shortages and promote workforce diversity. 2 , while skills-based hiring has good intentions, its implementation (实行) often misses the mark. Companies like John Lewis have started to openly share their interview questions, aiming to 3 the hiring process. Meanwhile, other organizations have abandoned degree requirements or even CVs for specific positions. These strategies reflect a broader trend towards recognizing candidates’ abilities rather than merely their past experiences. According to Harry Gooding from recruitment firm Hays, the 4 of skills-based hiring is to “bring a person’s skills into the limelight (聚光灯).” A recent survey indicated that 70% of recruitment (招聘) professionals now 5 skills assessment over traditional CV analysis. This shift is seen as an opportunity to 6 the talent pool and allow individuals from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds to compete more fairly for jobs. Despite these positive changes, many initiatives have not produced significant results. Research from the Burning Glass Institute and Harvard Business School reveals that firms adopting skills-based hiring have 7 increased their workforce of employees without degrees by an average of 3.5 percentage points. Furthermore, many organizations have just 8 their hiring practices without making substantive changes. A surprising 45% of companies reported no real shift in hiring patterns, even after 9 degree requirements. Stephen Chu, chief legal and people officer at Instride, points out that simply dropping degree requirements is 10 if hiring teams do not adopt a skills-first strategy. He notes that organizations often unknowingly keep 11 alive by continuing to favor degree holders in hiring. Instride faced this issue firsthand, realizing that their hiring practices needed a bigger transformation to truly embrace skills-based recruitment. To effectively implement this approach, employers must integrate skills assessment throughout the hiring process. This can be achieved by developing a skills taxonomy, which is a detailed list of necessary skills for various roles within the organization. This foundational work enables firms to clearly define job requirements and ensures that recruitment standards 12 the new focus on skills. Nikolaz Foucaud from Coursera emphasizes that a cultural shift is necessary for skills-based hiring. Leaders should adopt a comprehensive people strategy, and job descriptions must reflect the skills and experiences 13 the roles they aim to fill. While skills assessments play a crucial role in recruitment, they should not be applied without careful consideration. Each role requires a careful evaluation of the right 14 of skills, experience, and cultural fit. Ultimately, the 15 of skills-based hiring depends on a thoughtful and integrated approach, enabling organizations to unlock a broader range of talent. 1．A．address B．evaluate C．explain D．report 2．A．Therefore B．Besides C．Instead D．However 3．A．design B．extend C．clarify D．control 4．A．cost B．process C．advantage D．essence 5．A．abandon B．define C．emphasize D．submit 6．A．broaden B．approach C．decrease D．classify 7．A．greatly B．only C．similarly D．regularly 8．A．rebranded B．criticised C．described D．discouraged 9．A．satisfying B．discussing C．removing D．understanding 10．A．independent B．insufficient C．insensitive D．inexpensive 11．A．institutions B．preferences C．teamwork D．relationship 12．A．set aside B．look over C．take after D．agree with 13．A．available to B．relevant to C．present in D．different in 14．A．combination B．development C．possibility D．introduction 15．A．trouble B．choice C．price D．success 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．B 12．D 13．B 15．A 15．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章评述了近年来许多雇主在评估求职者时开始更注重技能而非传统资质这一现象及其目的。 1． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种转变旨在解决长期存在的技能短缺问题，并促进劳动力多元化。A. address设法解决；B. evaluate评估；C. explain解释；D. report报道。根据上文“many employers have begun to prioritize skills”可知，此处表达了新的转变的目的是未来解决技能短缺的问题。故选A项。 2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，基于技能的招聘虽用意良好，但其实施往往不尽如人意。A. Therefore因此；B. Besides除此之外；C. Instead而不是；D. However然而。根据上文“persistent skills shortages and promote workforce diversity”以及下文“miss the mark”可知，此处表示转折。故选D项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：像约翰・刘易斯这样的公司已经开始公开分享他们的面试问题，旨在使招聘流程更清晰明了。A. design设计；B. extend延长；C. clarify使更清晰易懂；D. control控制。根据下文“These strategies reflect a broader trend towards recognizing candidates’ abilities”可知，通过公开分享面试问题来让整个招聘过程的相关情况更加清晰，让求职者等相关人员更好理解。故选C项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据海斯招聘公司的哈里・古丁的说法，技能型招聘的本质在于“让一个人的技能成为关注焦点”。A. cost费用，成本；B. process过程，工序；C. advantage有利条件；D. essence本质。根据下文“is to “bring a person’s skills into the limelight.”可知，技能型招聘的本质是让个人技能受到关注。故选D项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近的一项调查显示，如今70% 的招聘专业人员在传统简历分析之上更强调技能评估。A. abandon放弃；B. define下定义；C. emphasize强调；D. submit提交。根据上文“skills-based hiring is to “bring a person’s skills into the limelight.””可知，目前招聘人员强调技能评估。故选C项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种转变被视为一个拓宽人才库的机会，能让来自不同社会经济背景的个人更公平地竞争工作岗位。A. broaden拓宽；B. approach设法处理；C. decrease减少，降低；D. classify分类。根据下文“allow individuals from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds to compete more fairly for jobs”可知，让更多不同背景的人有机会参与竞争可以使人才库规模变大。故选A项。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：布鲁金斯学会下属的燃烧玻璃研究所和哈佛商学院的研究表明，采用技能型招聘的公司仅仅将其无学位员工的劳动力规模平均提高了3.5个百分点。A. greatly非常，极大地；B. only仅仅；C. similarly同样，相似地；D. regularly经常。根据上文“many initiatives have not produced significant results”可知许多举措并未产生显著的成效。此处表示“仅仅将其无学位员工的劳动力规模平均提高了3.5个百分点”。故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，许多组织只是对其招聘做法进行了重新包装，而没有做出实质性的改变。A. rebranded重塑；B. criticised批评；C. described描述；D. discouraged使气馁。根据上文“many initiatives have not produced significant results”可知，许多举措并未产生显著的成效，许多组织没有做出实质性的改变，只是在表面做出了改变。故选A项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，即使在取消了学历要求之后，仍有45%的公司报告称其招聘模式并没有真正的转变。A. satisfying使满意，满足；B. discussing讨论；C. removing移走，消除；D. understanding理解。根据上文“adopting skills-based hiring”及下文“simply dropping degree requirements”可知，许多组织实施基于技能的招聘，因而取消学历要求。故选C项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬・朱，Instride公司的首席法务及人力资源官，指出，如果招聘团队不采用技能优先的策略，仅仅取消学历要求是远远不够的。A. independent独立的；B. insufficient不足的；C. insensitive不敏感的，麻木不仁的；D. inexpensive便宜的。根据上文“A surprising 45% of companies reported no real shift in hiring patterns”可知，仅取消学历要求这一举措，对于实现有效的招聘变革来说是远远达不到要求的。故选B项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他指出，各组织往往会在不知不觉中继续在招聘时偏袒学历持有者，从而使这种偏好继续存在。A. institutions机构；B. preferences偏好；C. teamwork团队合作；D. relationship关系，联系。根据后半句“favoring degree holders” 可知，各组织还是对学历有偏好。故选B项。   12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这项基础性工作能让公司清晰地界定工作要求，并确保招聘标准与对技能的新关注达成一致。A. set aside留出，搁置；B. look over浏览；C. take after照顾；D. agree with同意，与……一致。根据上文“ensures that recruitment standards”及下文“the new focus on skills”可知，招聘标准要和以技能为关注点的新方向相契合。故选D项。 13．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：领导者应该采取全面的人才战略，并且岗位描述必须反映出与他们想要填补的岗位相关的技能和经验。A. available to对……可用的；B. relevant to与……相关的；C. present in存在于；D. different in在……方面不同。根据上文“Leaders should adopt a comprehensive people strategy”可知，岗位描述需要呈现出哪些和目标岗位有紧密关联的技能及经验内容。故选B项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个岗位都需要对技能、经验和文化契合度的恰当组合进行仔细评估。A. combination结合，联合；B. development发展；C. possibility可能；D. introduction介绍。根据下文“ of skills, experience, and cultural fit”可知，每个岗位要综合考虑多个方面，找到它们之间合适的搭配组合。故选A项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，基于技能的招聘能否成功取决于一种深思熟虑且综合全面的方法，这种方法能使各类组织挖掘到更广泛的人才资源。A. trouble麻烦；B. choice选择；C. price价格；D. success成功。根据下文“enabling organizations to unlock a broader range of talent”可知，这里需要一个名词来表示基于技能招聘这件事达成成功。故选D项。 9.（24-25高三上·上海宝山·期中）To Apologize or Not to ApologizeWhy difficult? When we do wrong to someone we know, even not 11 , we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when we’re acting as leaders, the circumstances are 2 . The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the 3 but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every word or expression 4 , as they become part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart, or it can be stupid. So, readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as sign of weakness. Who now? The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more 5 . During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture — apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more 6 than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies. Meanwhile, more and more articles, advice columns, and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of 7 apologies. Although they are not carried out openly, we can’t 8 the significance of its effect. Why 9 ? Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target for 10 . They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not apologize often. For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a strong 11 . Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so. Why refuse? Why is it that leaders so often try every means to 12 apologies, even when a public apology seems to be in order? Their reasons be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures, their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even 13 risky. Apologies can be signals for admitting mistakes and mistakes can be an indication of job insecurity. Leaders may also be afraid that 14 of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough (硬撑) in tough situations, as we shall see, but it is a high-risk 15 . 1．A．immediately B．intentionally C．occasionally D．accidentally 2．A．simple B．ridiculous C．abnormal D．different 3．A．individual B．company C．family D．society 4．A．conflicts B．matters C．appeals D．deceives 5．A．urgent B．risky C．boring D．simple 6．A．increasingly B．patiently C．frequently D．hopefully 7．A．sincere B．acceptable C．positive D．private 8．A．identify B．attribute C．neglect D．reveal 9．A．bother B．reduce C．regret D．ignore 10．A．promotion B．criticism C．appreciation D．identification 11．A．personality B．will C．reason D．desire 12．A．express B．involve C．commit D．avoid 13．A．politically B．professionally C．academically D．physically 14．A．avoidance B．admission C．involvement D．elimination 15．A．fulfillment B．statement C．occupation D．strategy 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．B 11．C 12．D 13．B 14．B 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了领导者在犯错时是否应该公开道歉的复杂性及影响。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们对我们认识的人做错了事，即使不是故意的，我们通常被期望道歉以改善情况。A. immediately立刻；B. intentionally故意地；C. occasionally偶尔；D. accidentally意外地。根据语境及后文“we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation”可知，这里指的是即使是无意犯下的错误，也应该道歉。故选B。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我们作为领导者时，情况就不同了。A. simple简单的；B. ridiculous荒谬的；C. abnormal不正常的；D. different不同的。根据语境及后文“The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the 　3　 but also at the level of the institution.”可知，领导者的道歉不仅是个人的，也是机构的，情况与普通个人不同。故选D。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：道歉行为不仅在个人层面上进行，也在机构层面上进行。A. individual个人；B. company公司；C. family家庭；D. society社会。根据语境及后文“but also at the level of the institution”可知，这里强调的是领导者的道歉涉及个人和机构两个层面。故选A。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一个表演，在其中每个词或表情都很重要，因为它们成为了公共记录的一部分。A. conflicts冲突；B. matters重要；C. appeals吸引；D. deceives欺骗。根据语境及后文“as they become part of the public record”可知，这里指每个字词和表情都很重要。故选B。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：关于领导者是否应该公开道歉的问题从未如此紧迫。A. urgent紧迫的；B. risky有风险的；C. boring无聊的；D. simple简单的。根据语境及后文“During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture”可知，在过去的十年左右的时间里，特别是美国，已经发展出一种道歉文化，所以关于是否应该公开道歉的问题变得紧迫。故选A。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在过去的十年左右的时间里，特别是美国，已经发展出一种道歉文化——对各种错误的各种道歉比以前更加频繁。A. increasingly逐渐增加地；B. patiently耐心地；C. frequently频繁地；D. hopefully充满希望地。根据语境及后文“More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies.”可知，这里指道歉变得更加比以前更加频繁。故选C。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同时，越来越多的文章、建议专栏以及广播和电视节目也处理私人道歉的主题。A. sincere真诚的；B. acceptable可接受的；C. positive积极的；D. private私人的。根据前文“More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies.”分析了公开道歉的重要性及后文“Although they are not carried out openly”可知，这里指的是私人道歉。故选D。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然它们没有公开进行，我们不能忽视其影响的重要性。A. identify识别；B. attribute归因；C. neglect忽视；D. reveal揭示。根据后文“the significance of its effect”可知，这里表达的是不应忽视其影响的重要性。故选C。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为什么我们要麻烦(道歉)？A. bother麻烦；B. reduce减少；C. regret后悔；D. ignore忽视。根据后文“Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky?”可知，此处指为什么要麻烦自己道歉呢？故选A。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：公开道歉的领导者可能容易成为批评的目标。A. promotion晋升；B. criticism批评；C. appreciation欣赏；D. identification识别。根据后文“They are expected to appear strong and capable”可知，这里指的是公众可能对领导的批评。故选B。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于领导者来说，表达歉意需要有一个强有力的理由。A. personality个性；B. will意志；C. reason理由；D. desire渴望。根据后文“Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so”可知，领导者道歉需要有一个强有力的理由。故选C。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为什么领导者常常会用尽一切办法来避免道歉，即使公开道歉似乎是必要的？A. express表达；B. involve涉及；C. commit承诺；D. avoid避免。根据后文“even when a public apology seems to be in order? Their reasons be individual or institutional”可知，这里指的是领导者会想尽一切办法避免道歉。故选D。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因为领导者是公众人物，他们的道歉可能会让人感到个人上不舒服，甚至是职业上的风险。A. politically政治上；B. professionally职业上；C. academically学术上；D. physically身体上。根据前文“Because leaders are public figures”及后文“Apologies can be signals for admitting mistakes and mistakes can be an indication of job insecurity”可知，这里指的是职业上的风险。故选B。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：领导者也可能担心承认错误会损害或破坏他们负责的组织。A. avoidance避免；B. admission承认；C. involvement参与；D. elimination消除。根据后文“of a mistake”可知，这里指的是承认错误。故选B。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如我们将看到的，硬撑在艰难的情况下可以有好的理由，但这是一种高风险的策略。A. fulfillment履行；B. statement声明；C. occupation职业；D. strategy策略。根据前文“There can be good reasons for hanging tough in tough situations”与空处的转折关系，结合语境可知，这里指的是面对困难情况时硬撑是一个高风险的策略。故选D。 10.（24-25高三上·江苏南通·期中）Imagining a human being without historical sense is scary. 1 still is the thought of an entire generation operating from a position of historical ignorance. And yet that is exactly the 2 in which we find ourselves today. The people and events of history may be 3 in the past, but how we talk about those things, what we write about them, and how we 4 them tell us a lot about who we are and what we 5 right now. Thinking of ourselves as a chapter in an unwritten history book is likely to force deep 6 . Whose stories will we champion? What values will we defend? What models will we offer ensuing (随后的) generations? No other subject helps us to understand so 7 what it is to be human. But the 8 isn’t entirely surprising given the downgraded status of history in most schools. History is 9 its place in the curriculum with geography, but its attention to time, place and context is what makes it really 10 . In other words, history doesn’t simply tell us how to be good citizens. It 11 us with the knowledge we need to comprehend our world clearly, and the ability to 12 it accurately. Clearly, in an age of “fake news”, we need to be 13 thinkers. There is no better subject than history to develop a(n) 14 of context and an ability to examine evidence. Just as we anticipate a math curriculum that systematically builds on blocks of knowledge, we should also 15 a logical history curriculum for our children. 1．A．Funnier B．Scarier C．Rarer D．Harder 2．A．situation B．atmosphere C．relationship D．experience 3．A．transformed B．rooted C．understood D．absorbed 4．A．compose B．design C．teach D．record 5．A．abandon B．possess C．witness D．value 6．A．self-awareness B．self-control C．self-reflection D．self-management 7．A．comprehensively B．instantly C．readily D．independently 8．A．argument B．comment C．conclusion D．ignorance 9．A．getting back B．fighting for C．holding onto D．putting aside 10．A．precise B．convincing C．distinct D．boring 11．A．equips B．connects C．motivates D．impresses 12．A．develop B．control C．analyze D．show 13．A．leading B．critical C．modern D．optimistic 14．A．appreciation B．evaluation C．vision D．belief 15．A．admit B．identify C．follow D．expect 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．B 10．C 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了历史教育的重要性，呼吁加强历史课程以培养批判性思维和理解能力。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：想到整个一代人对历史无知是更让人害怕的事。A. Funnier更滑稽的；B. Scarier更令人害怕的；C. Rarer更罕见的；D. Harder更困难的。根据上文“Imagining a human being without historical sense is scary.(想象一个人没有历史感让人害怕)”可知，整个一代人都对历史无知会更加让人害怕。故选B。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，这正是我们今天所处的状况。A. situation情况；B. atmosphere气氛；C. relationship关系；D. experience经验。根据空前“And yet that is exactly the”所描述内容可以推断出，这正是我们当前所面临的状况。故选A。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：历史上的人物和事件可能植根于过去，但我们如何谈论这些事情、我们写什么以及我们如何教授它们告诉我们很多关于我们是谁以及我们现在看重什么的信息。A. transformed改变；B. rooted根植；C. understood理解；D. absorbed吸收。根据空后“in the past”以及“The people and events of history”与“in the past”之间关系可知，此处指历史人物和事件是根植于过去。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：历史上的人物和事件可能植根于过去，但我们如何谈论这些事情、我们写什么以及我们如何教授它们告诉我们很多关于我们是谁以及我们现在看重什么的信息。A. compose创作；B. design设计；C. teach教授；D. record记录。分析句子可知，此处是并列的三个主语从句，上文“talk”和“write”，这里用“教授”更符合语境。故选C。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：历史上的人物和事件可能植根于过去，但我们如何谈论这些事情、我们写什么以及我们如何教授它们告诉我们很多关于我们是谁以及我们现在看重什么的信息。A. abandon抛弃；B. possess拥有；C. witness见证；D. value重视。根据句意“what we 5 right now”更符合我们当前所看重的是什么,所以故选D。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：把我们自己看作是一本未写历史书中的一章，很可能会引发深刻的自我反思。A. self-awareness自我意识；B. self-control自我控制；C. self-reflection自我反思；D. self-management自我管理。根据句意以及上文“Thinking of ourselves”文中的深刻指的更加强调反思，故选C。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：没有任何其它学科能比历史更全面地帮助我们了解什么是做人。A. comprehensively全面地；B. instantly立即；C. readily容易地；D. independently独立地。分析句子可知，空处需要副词修饰前文的understand，这里指比历史全面的没有。故选A。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这种无知并不完全令人感到意外，因为在大多数学校中，历史课程的地位被降级了。A. argument争论；B. comment评论；C. conclusion结论；D. ignorance无知。根据上文“historical ignorance”可知，指人们对于历史的无知。故选D。 9．考查动词词组辨析。句意：历史正在为其在课程中的位置与地理课争夺，但历史关注时间，地点和背景这点正是使其与众不同的原因。A. getting back回来；B. fighting for争斗；C. holding onto紧握；D. putting aside放一边。根据下文“its place”可知，历史为其在课程中的位置而争斗。故选B。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：历史正在为其在课程中的位置与地理课争夺，但历史关注时间，地点和背景这点正是使其与众不同的原因。A. precise精确的；B. convincing令人信服的；C. distinct明显的，独特的；D. boring乏味的。根据上文“its attention to time, place and context”可知，此处指的是历史课程相对于其他课程是独特的。故选C。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它使我们拥有理解清楚世界所需的知识，以及准确分析它的能力。A. equips装备；B. connects连接；C. motivates激励；D. impresses打动。根根据上文“tell us how to be good citizens”以及下文“us with the knowledg”可知，历史课程是用来给予我们知识和能力，用equips最适合。故选A。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它使我们拥有理解清楚世界所需的知识，以及准确分析它的能力。A. develop发展；B. control控制；C. analyze分析；D. show展示。根据前文“comprehend our world clearly”可知，指出这里的是准确分析世界。故选C。 13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：显然，在“假新闻”时代，我们需要批判性思维者。A. leading领先的；B. critical批判的，苛刻的；C. modern现代的；D. optimistic乐观的。根据句意指出新闻谣言中需要批判性思维者。故选B。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有任何学科能像历史这样培养对背景的鉴赏能力和寻找证据的能力了。A. appreciation欣赏；B. evaluation评价，评估；C. vision视野，远见；D. belief信仰。根据上文“critical thinkers”以及下文“examine evidence”可知，指出这里表示对背景的鉴赏。故选A。 15．考查动词词组辨析。句意：就像我们期望数学课程系统地建立在知识块的基础上一样，我们也应该期待为我们的孩子制定一个合乎逻辑的历史课程。A. admit承认；B. identify鉴定，确定；C. follow跟随；D. expect期待。根据上文“anticipate a math curriculum”可知，空处指要期待合乎逻辑的历史课程。故选D。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 36 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$