精品解析：2025届天津市和平区高三下学期第一次质量调查英语试题

和平区2024-2025学年度第二学期高三年级第一次质量调查英语学科试卷 本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟，第I卷1页至10页.第II卷11页至12页。 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。 祝各位考生考试顺利! 第I卷 注意事项： 1.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。 2.本卷共55小题，共95分。 第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节：单项填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 例: Stand over there________you’ll be able to see it better. A. or B. and C. but D. while 答案是B。 1. —Can we talk about this again later? —________. We’ve discussed it too many times already. Let’s drop it for now. A. I have had enough B. That depends C. Of course not D. Please don’t say so 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——我们能晚点再谈吗？——我已经受够了。我们已经讨论过太多次了。我们先不说了。A. I have had enough我受够了；B. That depends视情况而定；C. Of course not当然不；D. Please don’t say so请不要这么说。根据后文“We’ve discussed it too many times already.”可知，说话人已经受够了。故选A。 2. —You shouldn’t have let your daughter come home alone late at night. —You are right. Luckily, she________her friends on the way home. A. has met B. had met C. met D. would meet 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——你不应该让你女儿深夜独自回家。——你说得对。幸运的是，她在回家的路上遇到了她的朋友。根据前者所说的内容中的“shouldn’t have let...”可知，此处描述的是“不应该发生的事情，却发生了，所以此处表示发生在过去的事情， “遇到朋友”也是发生在过去的一个动作，对话的时间背景一致，因此使用一般过去时met。故选C项。 3. There was nothing he could do________apologize for the mistake and promise to fix it at once. A. other than B. rather than C. more than D. worse than 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：他除了为错误道歉并承诺立即纠正之外，别无他法。A. other than除了；B. rather than而不是； C. more than超过；不仅仅；D. worse than比……更糟。此处表示“除了为错误道歉并承诺立即纠正之外，别无他法”，应该用other than。故选A项。 4. The movie was enjoyable________, thanks to strong performances and amazing visuals that attracted audiences. A. however the plot is weak B. the plot is however weak C. however weak is the plot D. however weak the plot is 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：这部电影很有趣，然而，尽管情节薄弱，但强大的表演和惊人的视觉效果吸引了观众。本句为包含让步状语从句的复合句，“however + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语”是 however 引导让步状语从句的固定结构，用来强调形容词。A 选项和 B 选项结构错误；C 选项 语序错误，在让步状语从句中，主语和谓语要用陈述语序，故选 D 项。 5. Oceans and seas are the bodies of salt water ________ cover 71 percent of the Earth’s surface. A. whose B. that C. where D. how 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：海洋是覆盖地球表面71%的咸水体。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词bodies of salt water是物，因此空格处用that/which引导定语从句，故选B。 6. ________, we must read the instructions first. A. When using this machine B. When this machine using C. When this machine used D. When used this machine 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：使用本机器时，务必先阅读说明书。根据选项内容可知，此处考查状语从句的省略，该句中when引导的时间状语从句为when we are using this machine；从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中有be动词are，符合状语从句省略的条件，省略从句的主语和be动词。故选A项。 7. The rain has stopped, so the game will go ahead________. A. not once B. on end C. after all D. for good 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：雨已经停了，所以比赛终究会继续进行。A. not once一次也没有；B. on end连续地；C. after all毕竟/终究；D. for good永久地。前半句“雨停”与后半句“比赛继续”构成因果关系，需填入表示“最终结果”的短语。after all 强调“尽管之前可能有阻碍，但最终仍会发生”，符合语境。故选C项。 8. The traffic into town usually gets a bit lighter ________ the schools have closed for the summer. A. in case B. once C. long before D. since 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：学校放暑假后，进城的车辆通常会少一些。A. in case以防；B. once一旦，当……时候；C. long before很久以前；D. since自……以来。空格后的部分是时间状语从句，表示学校一放暑假，进城的车辆通常会少一些，所以应该用once引导。故选B项。 9. I’m not sure________the branch manager is the right person to send it to. A. whom B. which C. why D. whether 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定是否应该把这个发给部门经理。空处引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分，引导词意为“是否”。故选D。 10. —He’s got himself into a very difficult position now financially. —Indeed, he is in a________ corner. A. tight B. right C. round D. back 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：——他在财务上已经陷入了非常困难的境地。——确实，他现在处于一个艰难的角落。A. tight紧张的、困难的；B. right正确的；C. round圆的；D. back后面的。根据上文的“He’s got himself into a very difficult position”可知，他现在处于困境之中，所以此处使用“tight corner”表示困境，符合语境。故选A项。 11. She searched the entire house for her keys, only________them resting on the kitchen counter where she had left them. A. finding B. to have found C. to find D. found 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她找遍了整个房子来寻找她的钥匙，结果却发现钥匙就在她之前放的那个厨房台面上。本句谓语为searched，此处为非谓语动词。“only+不定式”表示出乎意料的结果，所以要用find“发现”的不定式形式，作结果状语。故选C。 12. Throughout his prison sentence, the man has always ________ his innocence. A. maintained B. ignored C. reflected D. admitted 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在整个监禁期间，这个人一直坚称自己是无辜的。A. maintained断言，主张；B. ignored忽视；C. reflected反映；D. admitted承认。由“Throughout his prison sentence”和“his innocence”可知，句子表示“在整个监禁期间，这个人一直坚称自己是无辜的”，空格处意为“断言，主张”，故选A。 13. —Sorry, I spilled some coffee on the table. —________. Let me grab some paper towels to clean it up. A. That happens B. You got me there C. Makes no difference D. It’s of no sense 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查交际用语辨析。句意：——抱歉，我把一些咖啡撒到桌子上了。——没关系。让我拿些纸巾来把它擦干净。A. That happens没关系；B. You got me there你难住我了；C. Makes no difference没有区别；D. It’s of no sense这毫无意义。结合前后语意可知，对话者一因撒了咖啡而道歉，对话者二并没有因此感到生气，所以应该用“没关系”来回应对方的道歉。故选A项。 14. I read my book in the laundry while my washing________. A. dries B. has been dried C. was drying D. was dried 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：我在衣服干燥的时候在洗衣房看书。本句表示过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。故选C项。 15. During the meeting, she decided to ________ the issue of budget cuts, as it was crucial for future planning. A. take in B. bring up C. break down D. keep off 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：会议期间，她决定提出削减预算的问题，因为这对未来的规划至关重要。A. take in吸收；B. bring up提出；C. break down分解；D. keep off远离。由“the issue of budget cuts, as it was crucial for future planning”可知，句子表示“会议期间，她决定提出削减预算的问题，因为这对未来的规划至关重要”，空格处意为“提出”。故选B。 第二节：完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 I Taught My Student About Scientific Failure As a Ph.D. student, I went through many ____16____ cycles developing theories that would later prove to be failures because of uncertain experimental results. When I graduated, I was not willing to ____17____ so many hours away from my young children with so little to show for it. ____18____ I embraced my love of teaching by working as a lecturer. A decade later, with my kids in school, my scientific ____19____ came out of hibernation (冬眠状态) and I ____20____ a position at a liberal arts college (文理学院), where I established my own small lab. In my undergraduate classes, I asked my students to complete lab experiments that were virtually ____21____ to get interpretable data. But after a few years, I grew ____22____ with the gap between those picture-perfect experiments and my own research projects. Yes, my students left lab sessions with results, feeling their time had been ____23____. However, I worried I was cheating them out of the actual experience of practicing science, which ____24____ produces data on the first try. I decided to develop a new course that would give our students experience ____25____ real experiments, ones that had the ____26____ to fail. I gave the students a collection of papers to read. During group brainstorming sessions, they identified new questions that arose from what had already been done and collectively ____27____ their own theories. After spending time learning lab methods required to test their theories, they got to work performing their first experiment. On the day of data analysis, I handed them 14 Western blot (免疫印迹法) printouts and asked them to ____28____ the images and discuss their findings. Most ____29____ that their blots were correct — that the background bands they saw represented the proteins they had hoped to discover—and immediately jumped to interpreting the data. But I ____30____ to let them move on. After hours of struggle, one student finally spoke up. “It doesn’t ____31____,” he said. “The bands look the same size, but the proteins should be different sizes.” Terrific! This breakthrough helped his classmates start to look at the results with more ____32____ eyes. Within minutes, they were filled with ideas about what could have gone ____33____. We spent the next two hours covering the blackboard with plans to study the procedures. My students were thinking like scientists — a development no amount of advance planning could have created. Research is messy and full of failed ____34____. Trying to protect students from that reality does ____35____ to them. My students had a hard lesson in scientific failure and how to be resilient in the face of it. It is a lesson I wish I had learned before starting graduate school. 16. A. frustrating B. unforgettable C. demanding D. checkable 17. A. sacrifice B. devote C. invest D. spare 18. A. Besides B. Instead C. Nevertheless D. Otherwise 19. A. curiosity B. generosity C. productivity D. sensitivity 20. A. secured B. offered C. filled D. occupied 21. A. attracted B. guaranteed C. opposed D. restricted 22. A. unavailable B. uncomfortable C. unforgivable D. unsuitable 23. A. well-spent B. fast-paced C. never-ending D. badly-consuming 24. A. constantly B. definitely C. rarely D. usually 25. A. witnessing B. recording C. checking D. performing 26. A. alternative B. intention C. potential D. right 27. A. looked forward to B. came up with C. ran out of D. stayed away from 28. A. look over B. pick out C. search for D. throw away 29. A. doubted B. denied C. assumed D. guessed 30. A. determined B. expected C. hesitated D. refused 31. A. bear risk B. gain access C. make sense D. take effect 32. A. competitive B. imaginative C. negative D. objective 33. A. crazy B. virtual C. wild D. wrong 34. A. attempts B. desires C. promises D. regrets 35. A. benefit B. favor C. harm D. honor 【答案】16. A 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. A 21. B 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. D 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位前博士生转变为讲师后，如何在教学中结合个人科研经历，改革实验课程，让学生体验真实的科学实践过程，包括面对实验失败的经历。 【16题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名博士生，我经历了许多令人沮丧的周期，不断提出理论，却由于实验结果的不确定，这些理论后来都被证明是失败的。A. frustrating令人沮丧的；B. unforgettable难忘的；C. demanding要求高的；D. checkable可检查的。根据下文“developing theories that would later prove to be failures because of uncertain experimental results”可知，作者经历了很多令人沮丧的周期。故选A。 【17题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕业时，我不愿意为了那些微不足道的成果，牺牲陪伴年幼孩子的无数时光。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. devote奉献；C. invest投资；D. spare留出。根据下文“so many hours away from my young children with so little to show for it”可知，作者不愿意牺牲陪孩子的时间。故选A。 【18题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，我投身于热爱的教育事业，成为了一名讲师。A. Besides另外；B. Instead相反；C. Nevertheless然而；D. Otherwise否则。根据下文“I embraced my love of teaching by working as a lecturer”可知，句子表示“相反，我投身于热爱的教育事业，成为了一名讲师”，空格处意为“相反”。故选B。 19题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：十年后，我的孩子们都上学了，我对科学的好奇心从冬眠中苏醒过来，我在一所文理学院找到了一份工作，在那里我建立了自己的小实验室。A. curiosity好奇心；B. generosity慷慨；C. productivity生产力；D. sensitivity敏感。根据下文“where I established my own small lab”可知，作者对科学的好奇心苏醒了过来。故选A。 【20题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：十年后，我的孩子们都上学了，我对科学的好奇心从冬眠中苏醒过来，我在一所文理学院找到了一份工作，在那里我建立了自己的小实验室。A. secured获得，得到；B. offered提供；C. filled填充；D. occupied占据。根据下文“a position at a liberal arts college”可知，作者在一所文理学院找到了一份工作。故选A。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在给本科生上课时，我要求学生完成几乎可以保证获得可解释数据的实验。A. attracted吸引；B. guaranteed保证；C. opposed反对；D. restricted限制。根据上文“lab experiments that were virtually”和下文“to get interpretable data”可知，实验可以保证获得可解释的数据。故选B。 22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但几年后，我对那些完美的实验和我自己的研究项目之间的差距感到不舒服。A. unavailable不可获得的；B. uncomfortable不舒服的；C. unforgivable不可原谅的；D. unsuitable不合适的。根据下文“the gap between those picture-perfect experiments and my own research projects”可知，作者对那些完美的实验和自己的研究项目之间的差距感到不舒服。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是的，我的学生们带着成果离开了实验课，觉得他们的时间花得很值。A. well-spent使用得当的；B. fast-paced快节奏的；C. never-ending永无止境的；D. badly-consuming消耗不合理的。根据上文“my students left lab sessions with results”可知，学生带着成果离开了实验室，所以觉得时间使用地得当。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我担心自己在剥夺他们实践科学的真实体验，因为科学实践很少能一次就成功获得数据。A. constantly持续不断地；B. definitely绝对地；C. rarely很少地；D. usually通常。根据上文“the actual experience of practicing science”和下文“produces data on the first try”可知，科学实践很少能一次就成功获得数据。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定开设一门新课程，让我们学生体验做真正的实验，那些有可能失败的实验。A. witnessing见证；B. recording记录；C. checking检查；D. performing执行。根据下文“real experiments”可知，此处是指进行实验。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我决定开设一门新课程，让我们的学生体验做真正的实验，那些有可能失败的实验。A. alternative可供替代的选择；B. intention目的；C. potential可能性；D. right权利。根据上文“real experiments, ones that had the”和下文“to fail”可知，此处是指实验是有可能会失败的。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在小组头脑风暴会议上，他们从已完成的研究中发现了新的问题，并集体提出了自己的理论。A. looked forward to期待；B. came up with提出；C. ran out of用完；D. stayed away from远离。根据下文“their own theories”可知，此处是提出了自己的理论。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在数据分析的那天，我给他们14份免疫印迹法打印件，让他们查看图像并讨论他们的发现。A. look over查看；B. pick out挑选出；C. search for搜索；D. throw away扔掉。根据下文“the images and discuss their findings”可知，作者叫学生查看那些图像。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数人认为他们的印迹法是正确的——他们看到的背景条带代表了他们希望发现的蛋白质——并立即开始解释数据。但我拒绝让他们继续下去。A. doubted怀疑；B. denied否认；C. assumed认为；D. guessed猜测。根据下文“that their blots were correct”可知，大多数学生认为他们的印迹法是正确的。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我拒绝让他们继续。A. determined决定；B. expected期待；C. hesitated犹豫；D. refused拒绝。But表转折，因此作者拒绝让学生继续，故选D。 【31题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：这说不通。A. bear risk承担风险；B. gain access获得进入；C. make sense讲得通；D. take effect生效。根据下文“The bands look the same size, but the proteins should be different sizes”可知，这个学生觉得这说不通。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一突破帮助他的同学开始用更客观的眼光看待结果。A. competitive有竞争力的；B. imaginative富于想象力的；C. negative消极的；D. objective客观的。根据上文“This breakthrough helped his classmates start to look at the results with”可知，这个突破帮助学生更客观地看待结果。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几分钟内，他们就充满了对可能出错之处的想法。A. crazy疯狂的；B. virtual虚拟的；C. wild野外的；D. wrong错误的。根据上文“The bands look the same size, but the proteins should be different sizes”可知，学生在想哪里出了错。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究是混乱的，充满了失败的尝试。A. attempts尝试；B. desires渴望；C. promises承诺；D. regrets后悔。根据上文“Research is messy”可知，研究是混乱的，充满了失败的尝试。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：试图保护学生免受这种现实的影响会对他们造成伤害。A. benefit好处；B. favor帮助；C. harm伤害；D. honor荣誉。根据上文“Research is messy and full of failed….Trying to protect students from that reality”可知，保护学生免受这种现实的影响对学生是有害的，故选C。 第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2.5分，满分50分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A WHAT’S ON IN WINTER Winter is here but shorter days don’t mean less to do. The Great Outdoors Sundays, June and July ORIENTEERING Where: various bush and farm locations Orienteering (定向越野比赛) is an outdoor activity that combines adventure and sport with navigational (导航的) skills through the wild bush. Take a hike or mountain-bike ride through a set course in a different bush or farm location on each excursion with guidance from a compass and a map. Each course is about an hour’s drive of the CBD. This is a fun, easy and relatively relaxing way to enhance fitness for the whole family, ages 7-70. To learn more about orienteering or sign up for a course, visit wa.orienteering.asn.au or call 92150700. Mountain Designs 4 July ADVENTURE RACE AUSTRALIA Where: bush camp and forest retreat Adventure Race Australia heightens the thrill of adventure racing, combining biking, running, trekking, kayaking, rock climbing and other adventure sports to test physical strength, endurance and willpower. The race caters (满足，迎合) only to experienced racers. To get involved, go to advenrureaustralia.com.au Film Frenzy 21June & 19Julh MEMORABLE MOVIES IN MIDLAND Where: Town Hall Take a trip down memory lane at the Memorable Movies gathering, held monthly. This June the memorable movie is Roman Holiday, the 1953 classic starring Gregory Peck and Audrey Hepburn. Then in July there is a school holiday special presentation of The World’s Fastest Indian, a true-life story of motorcycle enthusiast and world-record breaker Burt Munro, starring Anthony Hopkins. Music Magic 29 to 30 July A TRIBUTE TO LOUIS ARMSTRONG Where: Concert Hall Louis Armstrong revolutionized American jazz and dominated the scene for more than 60 years. He defines the jazz, style and is a legendary figure in music history. Conductor Benjamin Northey will accompany trumpeter James Morrison to pay tribute to the famous musician by playing some of his most well-known and beloved hits. Go to waso.com.au for more details. 36. What item is uniquely needed for the orienteering race? A. Climbing ropes and a motorcycle. B. A compass and a map. C. A bike and a running shoes. D. Musical instruments and a recorder. 37. What is Louis Armstrong known for in the context of this event? A. He was a famous conductor in a jazz band. B. He played the trumpet alongside other musicians. C. He had a profound influence on American jazz. D. He created a new style of classical music. 38. Which activity is most physically demanding? A. The Great Outdoors B. Mountain Designs C. Film Frenzy D. Music Magic 39. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To introduce different winter activities. B. To promote some websites for outdoor activities. C. To guide people how to improve their fitness in winter. D. To explain the significance of some cultural events. 40. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The Orienteering race is the longest-running event. B. Adventure Race Australia is suitable for racers at all different levels. C. Burt Munro is the leading actor in the movie The World’s Fastest Indian. D. Benjamin Northey will play his most famous songs in the Concert Hall. 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. B 39. A 40. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是冬天的一些活动。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据ORIENTEERING部分的“Take a hike or mountain-bike ride through a set course in a different bush or farm location on each excursion with guidance from a compass and a map.(在指南针和地图的指引下，徒步旅行或骑山地自行车穿过不同的丛林或农场地点的固定路线。)”可知，定向比赛需要指南针和地图。故选B。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据A TRIBUTE TO LOUIS ARMSTRONG部分的“Louis Armstrong revolutionized American jazz and dominated the scene for more than 60 years. He defines the jazz, style and is a legendary figure in music history.(Louis Armstrong革新了美国爵士乐，并统治了60多年。他定义了爵士乐的风格，是音乐史上的传奇人物。)”可知，Louis Armstrong对美国爵士乐有深远的影响，他因此而闻名。故选C。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据Mountain Designs部分“Adventure Race Australia heightens the thrill of adventure racing, combining biking, running, trekking, kayaking, rock climbing and other adventure sports to test physical strength, endurance and willpower.(澳大利亚冒险赛结合骑行、跑步、徒步、皮划艇、攀岩等多种冒险运动，提升了冒险赛的刺激感，考验体能、耐力和意志力。)”可知，Mountain Designs对体力的要求最高。故选B。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据标题“WHAT’S ON IN WINTER(冬天有什么节目)”和第一段“Winter is here but shorter days don’t mean less to do.(冬天来了，但白天变短并不意味着可做的事情变少。)”可知，本文的目的是介绍不同的冬季活动。故选A。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据Music Magic部分“Conductor Benjamin Northey will accompany trumpeter James Morrison to pay tribute to the famous musician by playing some of his most well-known and beloved hits.(指挥家Benjamin Northey将与小号手James Morrison一起演奏这位著名音乐家最著名和最受欢迎的歌曲，向他致敬。)”可知，Benjamin Northey将在音乐厅演奏他最著名的歌曲。故选D。 B Poetry can move souls and thrum(敲打)hearts: why wouldn’t we teach our children about it? According to a new survey by the Centre for Literacy in Primary Education, schools are facing significant obstacles in teaching poetry in the classroom. As someone who has worked with many students and spoken at numerous teacher conferences, I can confirm that fitting poetry into the school day can be a challenge. It’s unfortunate that poetry is often forgotten until we need it, such as at weddings and funerals. However, we all know the power of poetry to speak to something deep within us. My memories of poetry in the classroom are of analyzing Sylvia Plath’s work, but analyzing alone can disconnect us from our enjoyment of reading a good poem or a poet that speaks to us, which misses the point. I used to go into schools to help get young people excited about poetry, and I learned that the best way to do this was by sharing the joy I feel through writing it. Engaging in free-write exercises reveals a deeper appreciation for poets like Jack Kerouac and William Burroughs. By showing children that their thoughts and feelings are worthy of poems, you give them a seat at the table. Publishers are producing more poetry for a range of ages, making this an exciting time to renew our focus on poetry in the classroom. Despite the challenges, there is great work being done by some brilliant teachers, but more resources and support are needed. As Waterstones Children’s Laureate(桂冠)(2022-2024), I have made it a large part of my tenure(任期)to promote poetry. My Poetry Prompts videos go live on the BookTrust website every Monday morning, offering students a fun way to start a poem. By the time my tenure is over, there will be at least 80 of these free poetry resources for teachers to use in the classroom to get children writing and appreciating poetry. There are also other resources available, such as activities, teacher’s kits; and recorded poems that anyone can find online. This is an exciting time for poetry, and I hope that with better resources and awareness of how it can be taught, poetry can gain its rightful place as a staple in all our classrooms. It is a way to show children how their words, their worlds, their thoughts, and their opinions have the power to move souls and thrum hearts. 41. What can we learn about poetry from the passage? A. Poetry is often forgotten on various occasions, even at weddings and funerals. B. Poetry empowers students by allowing them to express themselves more joyfully. C. Only analysis can add to the pleasure of appreciating good poetic works. D. Poetry education in schools fails to grasp the its significance. 42. Based on the paragraph 3, which of the following method of teaching poetry is not recommended by the author? A. Engaging students to do free write exercises. B. Share the fun of writing poems with them. C. Encourage them to imitate the great poets. D. Motivate them to express themselves through poems. 43. According to the passage, the author has done all the followings to promote poetry except . A. getting students and teachers aware of the proper way to learn poems B. working with publishers to produce more poetry for students of different ages C. posting videos that offer students a fun way to start writing poems on their own D. encouraging people to fully take advantage of the resources available online 44. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The great challenges in poetry education will soon be managed. B. Poetry can be used as a tool to discipline children in the classroom. C. The author values the impact of poetry on developing people’s emotions. D. Students are already fully aware the power of their words. 【答案】41. D 42. C 43. B 44. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了诗歌能触动灵魂、叩击心灵，学校应该重视诗歌教育，作者介绍了目前诗歌教育面临的问题，也分享了自己为推广诗歌所做的努力，希望诗歌能在课堂上占据应有的位置。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“My memories of poetry in the classroom are of analyzing Sylvia Plath’s work, but analyzing alone can disconnect us from our enjoyment of reading a good poem or a poet that speaks to us, which misses the point(我在课堂上对诗歌的记忆是分析西尔维娅・普拉斯的作品，但仅仅分析会让我们与阅读一首好诗或一位能与我们产生共鸣的诗人的乐趣脱节，这就偏离了重点)”可知，学校的诗歌教育只是注重分析，而忽略了对诗歌本身的欣赏，没有抓住诗歌教育的意义，即学校的诗歌教育没有把握其重要性。故选D项。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“I used to go into schools to help get young people excited about poetry, and I learned that the best way to do this was by sharing the joy I feel through writing it. Engaging in free-write exercises reveals a deeper appreciation for poets like Jack Kerouac and William Burroughs. By showing children that their thoughts and feelings are worthy of poems, you give them a seat at the table(我过去常常走进学校，帮助年轻人对诗歌产生兴趣，我发现最好的方法就是分享我通过写诗所感受到的快乐。参与自由写作练习可以让人们对杰克・凯鲁亚克和威廉・巴勒斯等诗人有更深的欣赏。通过向孩子们展示他们的想法和感受值得写成诗歌，你就给了他们一席之地)”可知，作者推荐的教授诗歌的方法有：让学生参与自由写作练习、与他们分享写诗的乐趣、鼓励他们通过诗歌表达自己，而C项“Encourage them to imitate the great poets(鼓励他们模仿伟大的诗人)”没有被提及，不是作者推荐的方法。故选C项。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“As Waterstones Children’s Laureate(桂冠)(2022-2024), I have made it a large part of my tenure(任期)to promote poetry. My Poetry Prompts videos go live on the BookTrust website every Monday morning, offering students a fun way to start a poem. By the time my tenure is over, there will be at least 80 of these free poetry resources for teachers to use in the classroom to get children writing and appreciating poetry. There are also other resources available, such as activities, teacher’s kits; and recorded poems that anyone can find online(作为水石儿童桂冠诗人（2022-2024），我在任期内把推广诗歌作为一项重要工作。我的《诗歌提示》视频每周一上午在 BookTrust 网站上发布，为学生提供了一种有趣的开始写诗的方式。在我的任期结束时，将至少有80种这样的免费诗歌资源供教师在课堂上使用，让孩子们写作和欣赏诗歌。还有其他可用的资源，如活动、教师工具包；以及任何人都可以在网上找到的录制的诗歌)”以及最后一段中“This is an exciting time for poetry, and I hope that with better resources and awareness of how it can be taught, poetry can gain its rightful place as a staple in all our classrooms(这是诗歌的激动人心的时刻，我希望有了更好的资源和对如何教授诗歌的认识，诗歌能在我们所有的课堂上占据应有的主要位置)”可知，作者做了以下事情来推广诗歌：让学生和老师意识到学习诗歌的正确方法、发布视频为学生提供一种有趣的开始自己写诗的方式、鼓励人们充分利用网上可用的资源。而B项“working with publishers to produce more poetry for students of different ages(与出版商合作，为不同年龄的学生创作更多的诗歌)”文中未提及，不是作者做的事情。故选B项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It is a way to show children how their words, their worlds, their thoughts, and their opinions have the power to move souls and thrum hearts(这是一种向孩子们展示他们的话语、他们的世界、他们的想法和他们的观点如何具有触动灵魂和叩击心灵的力量的方式)”可知，作者认为诗歌可以展示孩子们的话语等的力量，能触动灵魂、叩击心灵，由此可推断出作者重视诗歌对培养人们情感的影响。故选C项。 C Making decisions under uncertainty is a problem we all face. Imagine you are looking for a parking spot at a crowded event. You find one far from your destination. Do you decide to take it, or invest more time into hunting for a better spot which may or may not exist? You might resolve this decision by “budgeting”: limiting the resources (time) you will spend looking for a better option. This strategy allows us to cut our losses when things don’t turn out as we hoped. In our research, we show how weaver ants (织工蚁) — much like humans — budget their investment into a task with an uncertain payoff. Weaver ants link their bodies together to form bridge-like structures called “hanging chains”, which they use for crossing gaps they encounter. Building a chain comes at a cost to the colony (蚁群). Ants in the chain can’t participate in important colony tasks such as defending the nest and searching for food. The cost of the chain is proportional (成比例) to its length: longer chains are more costly, as they keep more ants occupied. Chains provide a major benefit too: they allow ants to explore areas that would otherwise be inaccessible, which may offer food sources to the colony. Whether an area contains a profitable resource, however, is unknown to the ants. This means the colony must invest capital (a number of ants) into forming a chain which may or may not pay off. We expected ants would stop forming a chain when the gap to be bridged became too tall, as the cost would become too great. We initially challenged ants to bridge vertical gaps of 25mm, 35mm and 50mm in height. Ants could comfortably form chains within this range, which allowed us to precisely determine the rules they use to build chains. We found ants decide how long to stay in a chain by visually assessing their distance from the ground below. The closer to the ground, the longer an ant remains in the chain. Can this predict a distance beyond which ants stop forming chains? We answered this question using a mathematical model, which predicted ants should stop forming chains when the pap is taller than 89mm. We challenged ants to form chains over gaps of 110mm, well beyond the distance predicted by our model. As expected, the ants never formed chains over these gaps. Similar to when we set ourselves a time limit for finding parking, ants set a distance limit by budgeting before giving up. 45. According to the passage, what does the word “investment” refer to in Paragraph 2? A. Time spent in building chains. B. Number of ants occupied in work. C. Courage to explore the unknown bravely. D. Resources for gathering food. 46. What do we know about hanging chains? A. Ants prefer short chains for efficiency. B. Ants can’t build chains over large gaps. C. The building of chains requires a sacrifice of its colony work. D. Ants make use of chains only in the cases of emergency. 47. What message does paragraph 4 convey mainly? A. The benefits of chains for weaver ants outweigh their costs. B. Chains are the only way for weaver ants to access food sources. C. Chains allow ants to access areas where food is guaranteed to be found. D. Ants will still invest in forming chains, though uncertainly profitable. 48. In what way are ants similar to humans? A. They are very good at problem-solving. B. They budget resources when making decisions. C. They seek similar food sources. D. They often work alone in tasks. 49. What can be concluded from the passage? A. Ants act randomly when making decisions. B. Ants follow strict rules without flexibility. C. Ants make decisions based on visual assessment. D. Ants are less efficient than humans. 50. What could be the best title for the passage? A. Ant Behavior in Food Search B. How to make decisions C. Budgeting in Weaver Ants D. The Structure of Ant Chains 【答案】45. B 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是织工蚁在面对不确定性时通过预算资源来决定是否构建链条，以及这一行为与人类决策的相似性。 【45题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“Building a chain comes at a cost to the colony(蚁群). Ants in the chain can’t participate in important colony tasks such as defending the nest and searching for food. The cost of the chain is proportional (成比例) to its length: longer chains are more costly, as they keep more ants occupied.(构建链条对蚁群来说是有代价的。链条中的蚂蚁无法参与保卫巢穴或寻找食物等重要的蚁群任务。链条的代价与其长度成比例：链条越长，代价越高，因为需要更多的蚂蚁参与其中。)”及第四段中“Whether an area contains a profitable resource, however, is unknown to the ants. This means the colony must invest capital (a number of ants) into forming a chain which may or may not pay off.(然而，一个区域是否存在可获取的有益资源，蚂蚁们对此并不知晓。这就意味着蚁群必须投入资本（一定数量的蚂蚁）来形成一条链条，而这条链条可能会带来回报，也可能不会。)”可知，构建链条对蚁群来说是有代价的，这个代价与参与链条的蚂蚁数量成正比，由此可知，“投资”指的是参与构建链条的蚂蚁数量，也就是被占用在这项工作中的蚂蚁数量，因为它们牺牲了其他任务，比如防御和觅食。故选B项。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Weaver ants link their bodies together to form bridge-like structures called “hanging chains”, which they use for crossing gaps they encounter. Building a chain comes at a cost to the colony (蚁群). Ants in the chain can’t participate in important colony tasks such as defending the nest and searching for food. (织工蚁将它们的身体连接在一起，形成被称为“悬挂链”的桥状结构，用于跨越它们遇到的缝隙。构建链条对蚁群来说是有代价的。链条中的蚂蚁无法参与保卫巢穴或寻找食物等重要的蚁群任务。)”可知，参与链条的蚂蚁无法执行其他重要的蚁群任务，比如保卫巢穴或寻找食物，这表明构建链条是以牺牲其他工作为代价的。故选C项。 【47题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Whether an area contains a profitable resource, however, is unknown to the ants. This means the colony must invest capital (a number of ants) into forming a chain which may or may not pay off.(然而，一个区域是否存在可获取的有益资源，蚂蚁们对此并不知晓。这就意味着蚁群必须投入资本（一定数量的蚂蚁）来形成一条链条，而这条链条可能会带来回报，也可能不会)”可知，本段主要传达的信息是，即使不确定是否能获得收益，蚂蚁还是会投入资源构建链条。故选D项。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“You might resolve this decision by “budgeting”: limiting the resources (time) you will spend looking for a better option. This strategy allows us to cut our losses when things don’t turn out as we hoped. In our research, we show how weaver ants (织工蚁) — much like humans — budget their investment into a task with an uncertain payoff.(你或许可以通过 “预算规划” 来做出这个决定：限制你在寻找更好选择上所花费的资源（时间）。这种策略能让我们在事情的结果并非如我们所愿时减少损失。在我们的研究中，我们展示了织工蚁是如何像人类一样，对投入到一项结果不确定的任务中的资源进行预算规划的。)”以及尾段中的“Similar to when we set ourselves a time limit for finding parking, ants set a distance limit by budgeting before giving up.(与我们为自己设定寻找停车位的时间限制类似，蚂蚁在放弃之前会通过预算设定一个距离限制。)”可知，文章将人类和蚂蚁进行了类比，说明两者在面对不确定性时都会设定限制（人类设定时间限制，蚂蚁设定距离限制），由此推知，这种相似性突出了“预算”作为一种共同策略的重要性。故选B项。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Similar to when we set ourselves a time limit for finding parking, ants set a distance limit by budgeting before giving up. (与我们为自己设定寻找停车位的时间限制类似，蚂蚁在放弃之前会通过预算设定一个距离限制。)”以及倒数第三段中的“We found ants decide how long to stay in a chain by visually assessing their distance from the ground below. The closer to the ground, the longer an ant remains in the chain.(我们发现，蚂蚁通过视觉评估它们与地面的距离来决定在链条中停留多久。距离地面越近，蚂蚁在链条中停留的时间就越长。)”可知，蚂蚁通过视觉评估与地面的距离来决定在链条中停留多久，由此推知，它们的决策基于视觉线索。故选C项。 【50题详解】 主旨大意题。根据尾段中的“Similar to when we set ourselves a time limit for finding parking, ants set a distance limit by budgeting before giving up. (与我们为自己设定寻找停车位的时间限制类似，蚂蚁在放弃之前会通过预算设定一个距离限制。)”以及上文中对织工蚁在面对不确定性时如何通过预算资源来决定是否构建链条的介绍可知，本文主要介绍的是织工蚁如何在面对不确定性时“预算”资源，这与人类预算时间和资源的行为类似，由此可推，C选项“Budgeting in Weaver Ants(织工蚁的预算行为)”与本文的主题一致，可以作为最佳标题。故选C项。 D Economists tend to be big fans of education. Alfred Marshall, writing in 1873, hoped that education would help erase the “distinction between working men and gentlemen”. Gary Becker of the University of Chicago reimagined education as an investment in “human capital” that would produce returns in the market similar to other assets. But economics can also be severely critical of schooling. In The Social Limits to Growth, a book published in 1976, Fred Hirsch pointed out that education is often “positional” in nature. What matters is not only how much you have, but whether you have more than the next person. An unhappy consequence is that one family’s expenses of schooling raise the bar for everyone else. Families are drawn, often unconsciously, into educational arms races. They spend money and time on after-school tutoring or extra-curricular activities in the expectation that it will improve their child’s position in the queue for advancement. But they quickly discover that everyone else is doing the same, leaving them in the same position as before. “If everyone stands on tiptoe, no one sees better,” Hirsch noted. These arms races are often particularly intense in East Asia. The government of South Korea has tried to ease the races. For example, it imposed a 10 p.m. curfew (宵禁) on cramming schools (补习学校). Inspectors would look for schools with their lights on. Will these measures work? It is almost impossible to stop families hiring private tutors to teach their children in their own homes. The arms race is notably less intense in parts of Europe. In Norway and Sweden parents show little demand for tutoring-the wealthy even less than others, according to Steve Enrich of the University of Potsdam. And overeducation is less common in Germany and other countries that sort children early into academic or vocational (职业的) schools, with little mobility between the two. For better or worse, that removes large numbers of students from the race for more academic honors. Germany’s practice of placing children on different tracks at an early age also invites an interesting thought experiment. What if college entrance tests were held earlier in a pupil’s career? If these exams truly test the knowledge required for university, they must be held just before university starts. But if such tests mostly serve as filters, selecting better students from worse, they need not be held so late. An earlier test would save families a year or two of costly cramming, shortening “the obstacle journey”, as Hirsch put it, without much changing the results. 51. What viewpoint is Gary Becker likely to agree with according to Paragraph 1? A. Education generates financial returns in the market. B. Education leads to the widening of class difference. C. Education plays a vital role in a person’s growth. D. Education promotes progress toward social equality. 52. Why do we say that one family’s expenses of schooling raise the bar for everyone else? A. Because it improves standards, making others follow suit. B. Because it sets up barriers, making it harder for others to reach the same level. C. Because it provides a model, forcing others to spend even more. D. Because it limits the range of educational resources, forcing others to give up. 53. Why does the author mention East Asia and parts of Europe? A. To assess educational competitiveness across regions. B. To highlight the impact of private tutoring on education. C To contrast educational arms races in different areas. D. To analyze strategies for lessening academic pressure. 54. What is the purpose of writing the article? A. To introduce economic concepts to offer insights into educational problems. B. To discuss the economic impact on education among different countries. C. To explore the nature and consequences of education competition. D. To compare educational practices between East Asia and Europe. 55. What can be inferred about the author’s attitude towards the overeducation issue? A. The author believes that overeducation does not greatly change the results. B. The author believes that examinations are the cause of overeducation. C. The author advocates that we should learn from the European countries. D. The author suggests removing large numbers of students from the race. 【答案】51. A 52. A 53. C 54. C 55. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是教育投资（或教育竞争）的经济学视角及其在不同国家和地区的表现与影响。 【51题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Gary Becker of the University of Chicago reimagined education as an investment in “human capital” that would produce returns in the market similar to other assets.(芝加哥大学（University of Chicago）的Gary Becker将教育重新构想为一种对“人力资本”的投资，这种投资将在市场上产生与其他资产类似的回报。)”可知，根据第一段，Gary Becker可能会同意的观点是教育在市场上产生经济回报。故选A。 【52题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Families are drawn, often unconsciously, into educational arms races. They spend money and time on after-school tutoring or extra-curricular activities in the expectation that it will improve their child’s position in the queue for advancement. But they quickly discover that everyone else is doing the same, leaving them in the same position as before.(家庭常常无意识地卷入了教育军备竞赛。他们把金钱和时间花在课外辅导或课外活动上，希望这能提高孩子在晋升队伍中的地位。但他们很快发现其他人都在做同样的事情，让他们和以前一样处于同样的位置。)”可知，我们说一个家庭的教育费用提高了其他所有家庭的标准是因为它提高了标准，让其他人效仿。故选A。 【53题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“These arms races are often particularly intense in East Asia.(这些军备竞赛在东亚往往尤为激烈。)”和第四段“The arms race is notably less intense in parts of Europe.(欧洲部分地区的军备竞赛明显没有那么激烈。)”可知，作者提到东亚和欧洲部分地区是为了对比不同地区的教育军备竞赛。故选C。 【54题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“In The Social Limits to Growth, a book published in 1976, Fred Hirsch pointed out that education is often “positional” in nature. What matters is not only how much you have, but whether you have more than the next person. An unhappy consequence is that one family’s expenses of schooling raise the bar for everyone else. Families are drawn, often unconsciously, into educational arms races. They spend money and time on after-school tutoring or extra-curricular activities in the expectation that it will improve their child’s position in the queue for advancement. But they quickly discover that everyone else is doing the same, leaving them in the same position as before.(在1976年出版的《增长的社会限制》一书中，Fred Hirsch指出，教育往往具有“位置性”的特点。重要的不仅是你拥有多少教育资源，而是你是否比其他人拥有更多。一个令人不悦的后果是，一个家庭在教育上的支出提高了其他所有家庭的标准。家庭往往会在不自觉中被卷入教育军备竞赛。他们花钱花时间在课外辅导或课外活动上，期望这能提升他们的孩子在晋升队列中的位置。但他们很快就会发现其他人也在做同样的事情，结果他们的位置还是和以前一样。)”可知，本文主要讲的是教育投资（或教育竞争）的经济学视角及其在不同国家和地区的表现与影响，因此本文的目的是探讨教育竞争的本质和后果。故选C。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“An earlier test would save families a year or two of costly cramming, shortening “the obstacle journey”, as Hirsch put it, without much changing the results.(一个更早的考试将为家庭节省一两年昂贵的死记硬背，缩短“障碍之旅”，正如Hirsch所说，不会对结果造成太大影响。)”可知，作者认为，过度教育不会大大改变结果。故选A。 第II卷 注意事项： 1.用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。 2.本卷共6小题，共35分。 第三部分：写作 第一节：阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 Almost every driver in the world will spend part of their life waiting at traffic lights. In a lifetime, one might wait at red lights for countless hours, but few drivers ever wonder who invented these crucial devices. The first traffic light was installed in 1868 in London, outside the British Houses of Parliament. It was manually operated and designed by J.P Knight, a railway engineer, to help manage the growing number of horse-drawn carriages. Unfortunately, this first model used gas lights, which eventually led to an explosion, injuring the officer operating it. After that incident, traffic lights were largely forgotten until cars began to crowd the streets of major cities. The modem, electric traffic light was invented in 1923 by Garrett Morgan, an African American inventor. Morgan was an innovator who saw the need for safer roads. He noticed that vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians often collided because there was no organized system to manage street intersections. To solve this problem, Morgan developed a device with three positions: stop, go, and a third that allowed time for drivers to stop before the light turned red. This simple innovation reduced the number of accidents and made intersections safer for everyone. When Morgan introduced his invention, the initial reception was mixed. Drivers were used to chaotic intersections and many didn’t understand why they should obey a light instead of just going when they felt it was safe. However, Morgan was persistent. He demonstrated how his traffic signal could save lives, and soon, cities across the United States began to adopt his system. Since then, the traffic light has become an essential part of road safety worldwide. Today’s lights use advanced sensors and technology to help manage traffic flow more efficiently. They also include pedestrian signals and countdown timers to improve safety for those on foot. The evolution of the traffic light shows how simple ideas can transform into vital tools for daily life. Garrett Morgan’s invention has not only made roads safer but has also shaped how we navigate our cities today. 56. What caused the first traffic light to fail? (No more than 10 words) __________________________________________________________________________ 57. According to the context, what does the underlined word “collided” mean?(No more than 1 word) __________________________________________________________________________ 58. What was the main innovation in Morgan’s traffic light? (No more than 15 words) __________________________________________________________________________ 59. What features do today’s traffic lights include to improve safety and efficiency?(No more than 20 words) __________________________________________________________________________ 60. What is your opinion of Garrett Morgan? Please give your reasons. (No more than 20 words) __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】56. An explosion of the gas-operated light injured the operator. 57. Crashed./Hit. 58. Adding a third position to allow time for drivers to stop. 59. We use advanced sensors and technology, including pedestrian signals and countdown timers to improve safety and efficiency. 60. He was persistent and demonstrated how the traffic light could save lives and made it work. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是交通信号灯的发明历程及其对现代城市交通管理的影响。 【56题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“Unfortunately, this first model used gas lights, which eventually led to an explosion, injuring the officer operating it.(不幸的是，第一个交通灯模型使用煤气灯，最终导致爆炸，操作它的警察受伤)”可知，煤气灯爆炸导致操作员受伤是第一个交通灯失败的原因。故答案为An explosion of the gas - operated light injured the operator。 【57题详解】 考查词义猜测。根据文章第三段“He noticed that vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians often … because there was no organized system to manage street intersections(他注意到，由于没有一个有组织的系统来管理街道十字路口，车辆、自行车和行人经常发生……。)”可知，没有一个有组织的系统来管理街道十字路口，可推理出此处说的是因为没有管理十字路口的系统，车辆、自行车和行人容易发生碰撞，所以collided意思为“碰撞”。故答案为Crashed./Hit. 58题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“To solve this problem, Morgan developed a device with three positions: stop, go, and a third that allowed time for drivers to stop before the light turned red(为了解决这个问题，摩根发明了一个有三个位置的装置：停止、通行，以及第三个位置，能让驾驶者在红灯亮起之前有时间停下来)”可知，摩根交通灯的主要创新是增加了第三个位置，让司机有时间停车。故答案为Adding a third position to allow time for drivers to stop. 【59题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段“Today’s lights use advanced sensors and technology to help manage traffic flow more efficiently. They also include pedestrian signals and countdown timers to improve safety for those on foot(如今的交通灯使用先进的传感器和技术来更有效地管理交通流量。它们还包括行人信号灯和倒计时器，以提高行人的安全)”可知，当今交通灯使用先进的传感器和技术、行人信号灯和倒计时器来提高安全性和效率。故答案为We use advanced sensors and technology, including pedestrian signals and countdown timers to improve safety and efficiency。 【60题详解】 开放性题目。根据文章第四段“However, Morgan was persistent. He demonstrated how his traffic signal could save lives, and soon, cities across the United States began to adopt his system(然而，摩根很执着。他展示了他的交通信号灯如何能拯救生命，很快，美国各地的城市开始采用他的系统)”可知，摩根展示了交通灯如何拯救生命，他是一个很执着的人。故答案为He was persistent and demonstrated how the traffic light could save lives and made it work. 第二节：书面表达(满分25分) 61. 假设你是中国留学生李津。看到一则校园招聘广告，想要勤工俭学。请结合广告中的信息，按以下要求写封求职信： 1)写信的目的； 2)求职的理由； 3)表达兴趣和联系方式(Tel: 64237511) 注意： (1)词数不少于100； (2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。 Dear Chris, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Jin 【答案】Dear Chris, I am Li Jin, a Chinese student studying at this university. I am writing to apply for the part-time office assistant position advertised by the Student Union. I have a strong interest in this job for several reasons. Firstly, I have a deep passion for online technology, which is one of the requirements mentioned in the advertisement. Secondly, I believe I am well-equipped to handle various tasks. I am highly organized and detail-oriented, making me proficient in document filing. I also have excellent planning skills, enabling me to prepare meeting agendas effectively. Additionally, I am reliable and careful, which is essential for sorting letters and parcels. The flexible working hours are very appealing to me, although working five days a week on the morning shift is required. I am confident that I can manage my study and work schedule well. I am very interested in this position and would appreciate the opportunity to contribute to the Student Union. You can reach me at 64237511. Thank you for considering my application. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写封求职信。 【详解】1.词汇积累 首先：firstly→first and foremost 热情：passion→enthusiasm 各种各样的：various→a variety of 另外：additionally→in addition 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I am Li Jin, a Chinese student studying at this university. 拓展句：I am Li Jin, a Chinese student who is studying at this university. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Firstly, I have a deep passion for online technology, which is one of the requirements mentioned in the advertisement. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Additionally, I am reliable and careful, which is essential for sorting letters and parcels. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 和平区2024-2025学年度第二学期高三年级第一次质量调查英语学科试卷 本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟，第I卷1页至10页.第II卷11页至12页。 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并收回。 祝各位考生考试顺利! 第I卷 注意事项： 1.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。 2.本卷共55小题，共95分。 第一部分：英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) 第一节：单项填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分) 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 例: Stand over there________you’ll be able to see it better. A. or B. and C. but D. while 答案是B。 1. —Can we talk about this again later? —________. We’ve discussed it too many times already. Let’s drop it for now. A. I have had enough B. That depends C. Of course not D. Please don’t say so 2. —You shouldn’t have let your daughter come home alone late at night. —You are right. Luckily, she________her friends on the way home. A. has met B. had met C. met D. would meet 3. There was nothing he could do________apologize for the mistake and promise to fix it at once. A. other than B. rather than C. more than D. worse than 4. The movie was enjoyable________, thanks to strong performances and amazing visuals that attracted audiences. A. however the plot is weak B. the plot is however weak C. however weak is the plot D. however weak the plot is 5. Oceans and seas are the bodies of salt water ________ cover 71 percent of the Earth’s surface. A. whose B. that C. where D. how 6. ________, we must read the instructions first. A. When using this machine B. When this machine using C. When this machine used D. When used this machine 7. The rain has stopped, so the game will go ahead________. A. not once B. on end C. after all D. for good 8. The traffic into town usually gets a bit lighter ________ the schools have closed for the summer. A. in case B. once C. long before D. since 9. I’m not sure________the branch manager is the right person to send it to. A. whom B. which C. why D. whether 10. —He’s got himself into a very difficult position now financially. —Indeed, he is in a________ corner. A. tight B. right C. round D. back 11. She searched the entire house for her keys, only________them resting on the kitchen counter where she had left them. A. finding B. to have found C. to find D. found 12. Throughout his prison sentence, the man has always ________ his innocence. A. maintained B. ignored C. reflected D. admitted 13. —Sorry, I spilled some coffee on the table. —________. Let me grab some paper towels to clean it up. A. That happens B. You got me there C. Makes no difference D. It’s of no sense 14. I read my book in the laundry while my washing________. A. dries B. has been dried C. was drying D. was dried 15. During the meeting, she decided to ________ the issue of budget cuts, as it was crucial for future planning. A. take in B. bring up C. break down D. keep off 第二节：完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 I Taught My Student About Scientific Failure As a Ph.D. student, I went through many ____16____ cycles developing theories that would later prove to be failures because of uncertain experimental results. When I graduated, I was not willing to ____17____ so many hours away from my young children with so little to show for it. ____18____ I embraced my love of teaching by working as a lecturer. A decade later, with my kids in school, my scientific ____19____ came out of hibernation (冬眠状态) and I ____20____ a position at a liberal arts college (文理学院), where I established my own small lab. In my undergraduate classes, I asked my students to complete lab experiments that were virtually ____21____ to get interpretable data. But after a few years, I grew ____22____ with the gap between those picture-perfect experiments and my own research projects. Yes, my students left lab sessions with results, feeling their time had been ____23____. However, I worried I was cheating them out of the actual experience of practicing science, which ____24____ produces data on the first try. I decided to develop a new course that would give our students experience ____25____ real experiments, ones that had the ____26____ to fail. I gave the students a collection of papers to read. During group brainstorming sessions, they identified new questions that arose from what had already been done and collectively ____27____ their own theories. After spending time learning lab methods required to test their theories, they got to work performing their first experiment. On the day of data analysis, I handed them 14 Western blot (免疫印迹法) printouts and asked them to ____28____ the images and discuss their findings. Most ____29____ that their blots were correct — that the background bands they saw represented the proteins they had hoped to discover—and immediately jumped to interpreting the data. But I ____30____ to let them move on. After hours of struggle, one student finally spoke up. “It doesn’t ____31____,” he said. “The bands look the same size, but the proteins should be different sizes.” Terrific! This breakthrough helped his classmates start to look at the results with more ____32____ eyes. Within minutes, they were filled with ideas about what could have gone ____33____. We spent the next two hours covering the blackboard with plans to study the procedures. My students were thinking like scientists — a development no amount of advance planning could have created. Research is messy and full of failed ____34____. Trying to protect students from that reality does ____35____ to them. My students had a hard lesson in scientific failure and how to be resilient in the face of it. It is a lesson I wish I had learned before starting graduate school. 16. A. frustrating B. unforgettable C. demanding D. checkable 17. A. sacrifice B. devote C. invest D. spare 18. A. Besides B. Instead C. Nevertheless D. Otherwise 19. A. curiosity B. generosity C. productivity D. sensitivity 20. A. secured B. offered C. filled D. occupied 21. A. attracted B. guaranteed C. opposed D. restricted 22. A. unavailable B. uncomfortable C. unforgivable D. unsuitable 23. A. well-spent B. fast-paced C. never-ending D. badly-consuming 24. A. constantly B. definitely C. rarely D. usually 25. A. witnessing B. recording C. checking D. performing 26. A. alternative B. intention C. potential D. right 27. A. looked forward to B. came up with C. ran out of D. stayed away from 28. A. look over B. pick out C. search for D. throw away 29. A. doubted B. denied C. assumed D. guessed 30. A. determined B. expected C. hesitated D. refused 31. A. bear risk B. gain access C. make sense D. take effect 32. A. competitive B. imaginative C. negative D. objective 33. A. crazy B. virtual C. wild D. wrong 34. A. attempts B. desires C. promises D. regrets 35. A. benefit B. favor C. harm D. honor 第二部分：阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2.5分，满分50分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A WHAT’S ON IN WINTER Winter is here but shorter days don’t mean less to do. The Great Outdoors Sundays, June and July ORIENTEERING Where: various bush and farm locations Orienteering (定向越野比赛) is an outdoor activity that combines adventure and sport with navigational (导航的) skills through the wild bush. Take a hike or mountain-bike ride through a set course in a different bush or farm location on each excursion with guidance from a compass and a map. Each course is about an hour’s drive of the CBD. This is a fun, easy and relatively relaxing way to enhance fitness for the whole family, ages 7-70. To learn more about orienteering or sign up for a course, visit wa.orienteering.asn.au or call 92150700. Mountain Designs 4 July ADVENTURE RACE AUSTRALIA Where: bush camp and forest retreat Adventure Race Australia heightens the thrill of adventure racing, combining biking, running, trekking, kayaking, rock climbing and other adventure sports to test physical strength, endurance and willpower. The race caters (满足，迎合) only to experienced racers. To get involved, go to advenrureaustralia.com.au Film Frenzy 21June & 19Julh MEMORABLE MOVIES IN MIDLAND Where: Town Hall Take a trip down memory lane at the Memorable Movies gathering, held monthly. This June the memorable movie is Roman Holiday, the 1953 classic starring Gregory Peck and Audrey Hepburn. Then in July there is a school holiday special presentation of The World’s Fastest Indian, a true-life story of motorcycle enthusiast and world-record breaker Burt Munro, starring Anthony Hopkins. Music Magic 29 to 30 July A TRIBUTE TO LOUIS ARMSTRONG Where: Concert Hall Louis Armstrong revolutionized American jazz and dominated the scene for more than 60 years. He defines the jazz, style and is a legendary figure in music history. Conductor Benjamin Northey will accompany trumpeter James Morrison to pay tribute to the famous musician by playing some of his most well-known and beloved hits. Go to waso.com.au for more details. 36. What item is uniquely needed for the orienteering race? A. Climbing ropes and a motorcycle. B. A compass and a map. C. A bike and a running shoes. D. Musical instruments and a recorder. 37. What is Louis Armstrong known for in the context of this event? A. He was a famous conductor in a jazz band. B. He played the trumpet alongside other musicians. C. He had a profound influence on American jazz. D. He created a new style of classical music. 38. Which activity is most physically demanding? A. The Great Outdoors B. Mountain Designs C. Film Frenzy D. Music Magic 39. What is the main purpose of this passage? A. To introduce different winter activities. B. To promote some websites for outdoor activities. C. To guide people how to improve their fitness in winter. D. To explain the significance of some cultural events. 40. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The Orienteering race is the longest-running event. B Adventure Race Australia is suitable for racers at all different levels. C. Burt Munro is the leading actor in the movie The World’s Fastest Indian. D. Benjamin Northey will play his most famous songs in the Concert Hall. B Poetry can move souls and thrum(敲打)hearts: why wouldn’t we teach our children about it? According to a new survey by the Centre for Literacy in Primary Education, schools are facing significant obstacles in teaching poetry in the classroom. As someone who has worked with many students and spoken at numerous teacher conferences, I can confirm that fitting poetry into the school day can be a challenge. It’s unfortunate that poetry is often forgotten until we need it, such as at weddings and funerals. However, we all know the power of poetry to speak to something deep within us. My memories of poetry in the classroom are of analyzing Sylvia Plath’s work, but analyzing alone can disconnect us from our enjoyment of reading a good poem or a poet that speaks to us, which misses the point. I used to go into schools to help get young people excited about poetry, and I learned that the best way to do this was by sharing the joy I feel through writing it. Engaging in free-write exercises reveals a deeper appreciation for poets like Jack Kerouac and William Burroughs. By showing children that their thoughts and feelings are worthy of poems, you give them a seat at the table. Publishers are producing more poetry for a range of ages, making this an exciting time to renew our focus on poetry in the classroom. Despite the challenges, there is great work being done by some brilliant teachers, but more resources and support are needed. As Waterstones Children’s Laureate(桂冠)(2022-2024), I have made it a large part of my tenure(任期)to promote poetry. My Poetry Prompts videos go live on the BookTrust website every Monday morning, offering students a fun way to start a poem. By the time my tenure is over, there will be at least 80 of these free poetry resources for teachers to use in the classroom to get children writing and appreciating poetry. There are also other resources available, such as activities, teacher’s kits; and recorded poems that anyone can find online. This is an exciting time for poetry, and I hope that with better resources and awareness of how it can be taught, poetry can gain its rightful place as a staple in all our classrooms. It is a way to show children how their words, their worlds, their thoughts, and their opinions have the power to move souls and thrum hearts. 41. What can we learn about poetry from the passage? A. Poetry is often forgotten on various occasions, even at weddings and funerals. B. Poetry empowers students by allowing them to express themselves more joyfully. C. Only analysis can add to the pleasure of appreciating good poetic works. D Poetry education in schools fails to grasp the its significance. 42. Based on the paragraph 3, which of the following method of teaching poetry is not recommended by the author? A. Engaging students to do free write exercises. B. Share the fun of writing poems with them. C. Encourage them to imitate the great poets. D. Motivate them to express themselves through poems. 43. According to the passage, the author has done all the followings to promote poetry except . A. getting students and teachers aware of the proper way to learn poems B. working with publishers to produce more poetry for students of different ages C. posting videos that offer students a fun way to start writing poems on their own D. encouraging people to fully take advantage of the resources available online 44. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. The great challenges in poetry education will soon be managed. B. Poetry can be used as a tool to discipline children in the classroom. C. The author values the impact of poetry on developing people’s emotions. D. Students are already fully aware the power of their words. C Making decisions under uncertainty is a problem we all face. Imagine you are looking for a parking spot at a crowded event. You find one far from your destination. Do you decide to take it, or invest more time into hunting for a better spot which may or may not exist? You might resolve this decision by “budgeting”: limiting the resources (time) you will spend looking for a better option. This strategy allows us to cut our losses when things don’t turn out as we hoped. In our research, we show how weaver ants (织工蚁) — much like humans — budget their investment into a task with an uncertain payoff. Weaver ants link their bodies together to form bridge-like structures called “hanging chains”, which they use for crossing gaps they encounter. Building a chain comes at a cost to the colony (蚁群). Ants in the chain can’t participate in important colony tasks such as defending the nest and searching for food. The cost of the chain is proportional (成比例) to its length: longer chains are more costly, as they keep more ants occupied. Chains provide a major benefit too: they allow ants to explore areas that would otherwise be inaccessible, which may offer food sources to the colony. Whether an area contains a profitable resource, however, is unknown to the ants. This means the colony must invest capital (a number of ants) into forming a chain which may or may not pay off. We expected ants would stop forming a chain when the gap to be bridged became too tall, as the cost would become too great. We initially challenged ants to bridge vertical gaps of 25mm, 35mm and 50mm in height. Ants could comfortably form chains within this range, which allowed us to precisely determine the rules they use to build chains. We found ants decide how long to stay in a chain by visually assessing their distance from the ground below. The closer to the ground, the longer an ant remains in the chain. Can this predict a distance beyond which ants stop forming chains? We answered this question using a mathematical model, which predicted ants should stop forming chains when the pap is taller than 89mm. We challenged ants to form chains over gaps of 110mm, well beyond the distance predicted by our model. As expected, the ants never formed chains over these gaps. Similar to when we set ourselves a time limit for finding parking, ants set a distance limit by budgeting before giving up. 45. According to the passage, what does the word “investment” refer to in Paragraph 2? A. Time spent in building chains. B. Number of ants occupied in work. C. Courage to explore the unknown bravely. D. Resources for gathering food. 46. What do we know about hanging chains? A. Ants prefer short chains for efficiency. B. Ants can’t build chains over large gaps. C. The building of chains requires a sacrifice of its colony work. D. Ants make use of chains only in the cases of emergency. 47. What message does paragraph 4 convey mainly? A. The benefits of chains for weaver ants outweigh their costs. B. Chains are the only way for weaver ants to access food sources. C. Chains allow ants to access areas where food is guaranteed to be found. D. Ants will still invest in forming chains, though uncertainly profitable. 48. In what way are ants similar to humans? A. They are very good at problem-solving. B. They budget resources when making decisions. C. They seek similar food sources. D. They often work alone in tasks. 49. What can be concluded from the passage? A. Ants act randomly when making decisions. B. Ants follow strict rules without flexibility. C. Ants make decisions based on visual assessment. D. Ants are less efficient than humans. 50. What could be the best title for the passage? A. Ant Behavior in Food Search B. How to make decisions C. Budgeting in Weaver Ants D. The Structure of Ant Chains D Economists tend to be big fans of education. Alfred Marshall, writing in 1873, hoped that education would help erase the “distinction between working men and gentlemen”. Gary Becker of the University of Chicago reimagined education as an investment in “human capital” that would produce returns in the market similar to other assets. But economics can also be severely critical of schooling. In The Social Limits to Growth, a book published in 1976, Fred Hirsch pointed out that education is often “positional” in nature. What matters is not only how much you have, but whether you have more than the next person. An unhappy consequence is that one family’s expenses of schooling raise the bar for everyone else. Families are drawn, often unconsciously, into educational arms races. They spend money and time on after-school tutoring or extra-curricular activities in the expectation that it will improve their child’s position in the queue for advancement. But they quickly discover that everyone else is doing the same, leaving them in the same position as before. “If everyone stands on tiptoe, no one sees better,” Hirsch noted. These arms races are often particularly intense in East Asia. The government of South Korea has tried to ease the races. For example, it imposed a 10 p.m. curfew (宵禁) on cramming schools (补习学校). Inspectors would look for schools with their lights on. Will these measures work? It is almost impossible to stop families hiring private tutors to teach their children in their own homes. The arms race is notably less intense in parts of Europe. In Norway and Sweden parents show little demand for tutoring-the wealthy even less than others, according to Steve Enrich of the University of Potsdam. And overeducation is less common in Germany and other countries that sort children early into academic or vocational (职业的) schools, with little mobility between the two. For better or worse, that removes large numbers of students from the race for more academic honors. Germany’s practice of placing children on different tracks at an early age also invites an interesting thought experiment. What if college entrance tests were held earlier in a pupil’s career? If these exams truly test the knowledge required for university, they must be held just before university starts. But if such tests mostly serve as filters, selecting better students from worse, they need not be held so late. An earlier test would save families a year or two of costly cramming, shortening “the obstacle journey”, as Hirsch put it, without much changing the results. 51. What viewpoint is Gary Becker likely to agree with according to Paragraph 1? A. Education generates financial returns in the market. B. Education leads to the widening of class difference. C. Education plays a vital role in a person’s growth. D. Education promotes progress toward social equality. 52. Why do we say that one family’s expenses of schooling raise the bar for everyone else? A. Because it improves standards, making others follow suit. B. Because it sets up barriers, making it harder for others to reach the same level. C. Because it provides a model, forcing others to spend even more. D. Because it limits the range of educational resources, forcing others to give up. 53. Why does the author mention East Asia and parts of Europe? A. To assess educational competitiveness across regions. B. To highlight the impact of private tutoring on education. C. To contrast educational arms races in different areas. D. To analyze strategies for lessening academic pressure. 54. What is the purpose of writing the article? A. To introduce economic concepts to offer insights into educational problems. B. To discuss the economic impact on education among different countries. C. To explore the nature and consequences of education competition. D. To compare educational practices between East Asia and Europe. 55. What can be inferred about the author’s attitude towards the overeducation issue? A. The author believes that overeducation does not greatly change the results. B. The author believes that examinations are the cause of overeducation. C. The author advocates that we should learn from the European countries. D. The author suggests removing large numbers of students from the race. 第II卷 注意事项： 1.用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。 2.本卷共6小题，共35分。 第三部分：写作 第一节：阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 Almost every driver in the world will spend part of their life waiting at traffic lights. In a lifetime, one might wait at red lights for countless hours, but few drivers ever wonder who invented these crucial devices. The first traffic light was installed in 1868 in London, outside the British Houses of Parliament. It was manually operated and designed by J.P Knight, a railway engineer, to help manage the growing number of horse-drawn carriages. Unfortunately, this first model used gas lights, which eventually led to an explosion, injuring the officer operating it. After that incident, traffic lights were largely forgotten until cars began to crowd the streets of major cities. The modem electric traffic light was invented in 1923 by Garrett Morgan, an African American inventor. Morgan was an innovator who saw the need for safer roads. He noticed that vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians often collided because there was no organized system to manage street intersections. To solve this problem, Morgan developed a device with three positions: stop, go, and a third that allowed time for drivers to stop before the light turned red. This simple innovation reduced the number of accidents and made intersections safer for everyone. When Morgan introduced his invention the initial reception was mixed. Drivers were used to chaotic intersections and many didn’t understand why they should obey a light instead of just going when they felt it was safe. However, Morgan was persistent. He demonstrated how his traffic signal could save lives, and soon, cities across the United States began to adopt his system. Since then, the traffic light has become an essential part of road safety worldwide. Today’s lights use advanced sensors and technology to help manage traffic flow more efficiently. They also include pedestrian signals and countdown timers to improve safety for those on foot. The evolution of the traffic light shows how simple ideas can transform into vital tools for daily life. Garrett Morgan’s invention has not only made roads safer but has also shaped how we navigate our cities today. 56. What caused the first traffic light to fail? (No more than 10 words) __________________________________________________________________________ 57. According to the context, what does the underlined word “collided” mean?(No more than 1 word) __________________________________________________________________________ 58. What was the main innovation in Morgan’s traffic light? (No more than 15 words) __________________________________________________________________________ 59. What features do today’s traffic lights include to improve safety and efficiency?(No more than 20 words) __________________________________________________________________________ 60. What is your opinion of Garrett Morgan? Please give your reasons. (No more than 20 words) __________________________________________________________________________ 第二节：书面表达(满分25分) 61 假设你是中国留学生李津。看到一则校园招聘广告，想要勤工俭学。请结合广告中的信息，按以下要求写封求职信： 1)写信的目的； 2)求职的理由； 3)表达兴趣和联系方式(Tel: 64237511) 注意： (1)词数不少于100； (2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。 Dear Chris, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Jin 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$