专题03 阅读理解之议论文（人教版2019）-备战2024-2025学年高一英语下学期期中真题分类汇编

专题03 阅读理解之议论文 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·浙江金华·期中） It was June 15, and in two days I would be turning thirty. I was insecure about entering a new decade of my life and feared that my best years were now behind me. My daily routine included going to the gym for a workout before going to work. Every morning I would see my friend Nicholas at the gym. He was seventy-nine years old and in terrific shape. As I greeted Nicholas on this particular day, he noticed I wasn’t full of my usual vitality and asked if there was anything wrong. I told him I was feeling anxious about turning thirty. I wondered how I would look back on my life once I reached Nicholas’ sage, so I asked him, “What was the best time of your life?” Without hesitation, Nicholas replied, “Well, Joe, this is my philosophical answer to your philosophical question.” “When I was a child in Austria and everything was taken care of for me and I was nurtured by my parents, that was the best time of my life.” “When I was going to school and learning the things I know today, that was the best time of my life.” “When I got my first job and had responsibilities and got paid for my efforts, that was the best time of my life.” “When I met my wife and fell in love, that was the best time of my life.” “The Second World War came, and my wife and I had to flee Austria to save our lives. When we were together and safe on a ship bound for North America, that was the best time of my life.” “When we came to Canada and started a family, that was the best time of my life.” “When I was a young father, watching my children grow up, that was the best time of my life.” “And now, Joe, I am seventy-nine years old. I have my health, I feel good and I am in love with my wife just as I was when we first met. This is the best time of my life.” 1. Why did the author feel anxious according to the article? A. He would be 30 in two days. B. He was worried about getting old. C. He didn’t go to the gym to exercise. D. Nicholas asked questions he didn’t want to answer. 2. What do we know about Nicholas’ life experiences? A. He spent his childhood with his grandparents in Austria. B. He dropped out of school, found a job and got paid. C. He took part in the Second World War and met his wife. D. He started a family and became a young father in Canada. 3. What do you think of Nicholas’s life? A. Casual. B. Anxious. C. Positive. D. Negative. 4. What can we learn from Nicholas? A. Live a day at a time. B. You get what you pay for. C. Every man has his price. D. Strike while the iron is hot. Passage 2 （24-25高一下·山东泰安·期中） When it comes to reading, people have different preferences. Some people will choose paper books because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers, perhaps on a phone, because they’re convenient. But which is the more environment-friendly choice? Digital reading (数字阅读)is on the rise, now making up about 15% of the total US book market. However, traditional print publishing is still by far the most popular type — and it comes with a high carbon footprint (碳足迹). According to a 2023 report from Words Rated, print book publishing is the third biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions, and 32 million trees are cut down each year in the US to make paper for books. Then there’s the problem of printing and transport, not to mention the many unsold books that are destroyed. Digital reading seems to have a great advantage over print because it is paperless, so it saves trees and transport. Moreover, technology companies that make e-readers, such as Amazon, offer recycling programs for old devices (设备). But digital devices also come with a large carbon footprint, mainly at the production stage. Their cases are made from plastic that comes from fossil fuels, and the minerals in their batteries require a lot of resources to be mined. So back to the earlier question: which way of reading is more environmentally friendly? “It’s not cut and dried,” said Mike Berners-Lee, a professor at Lancaster Environment Centre in the United Kingdom. “If you buy an e-reader and you read lots of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do. But if you buy it, read a couple of books, and find that you prefer paper books, then it’s the worst of all worlds.” Yet, Berners-Lee said that reading is still, relatively speaking, an environmental-friendly activity. 1. What does the report show? A. Printed books have a poor sales record in the US. B. Print publishing is not friendly to the environment. C. Digital reading is more popular than paper reading. D. Printing books costs more than producing e-readers. 2. Which aspect of digital devices has the largest impact on the environment? A. Its transportation. B. Its waste management. C. Its production process. D. Its recycling programs. 3. According to the text, it is better to choose digital reading if you ______. A. read a lot B. hardly take notes C. enjoy reading at night D. only read books out of need 4. What is the most suitable title for the text? A. Why Should We Choose Digital Reading? B. How Does Print Publishing Affect the Environment? C. Will Traditional Print Reading Disappear in the Future? D. Which is Better for the Environment, Paper Books or E-readers? Passage 3 （23-24高一下·四川攀枝花·期中） In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied (依赖) on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit (追求) of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten. However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people. I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost. but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try. “What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition. 1. What does this passage mainly talk about? A. Competition helps to set up self-respect. B. Opinions about competition are different among people. C. Competition is harmful to personal quality development. D. Failures are necessary experiences in competition. 2. Why do some people favor competition according to the passage? A. It pushes society forward. B. It builds up a sense of duty. C. It improves personal abilities. D. It encourages individual efforts 3. The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means ________. A. those who try their best to win B. those who value competition most highly C. those who are against competition most strongly D. those who rely on others most for success 4. Which point of view may the author agree to? A. Every effort should be paid back. B. Competition should be encouraged. C. Winning should be a life-and-death matter. D. Fear of failure should be removed in competition. Passage 4 （23-2024学年高一下·湖北省宜昌期中） When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese.” But this kind of reply misses the point. More often than not, what we mean when we say someone “has an accent” is that their accent is different from the local one, or that their pronunciations are different from our own. But this understanding of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice (偏见). Funnily enough, in the language study, every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that decide our accents. Even if you don’t hear it yourself, you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense, it’s pointless to point out that someone “has an accent”. We all do! Every person speaks a dialect (方言), too. In the field of language study, a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words. For instance, “You got eat or not?” (meaning “Have you eaten?”) is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to stop for a while doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well-formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different? We need to move beyond a narrow understanding of accents and dialects – for the good of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights (深刻见解) into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a distinct part of who they are. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way. 1. What does the author think of some friends’ reply in paragraph 1? A. It’s impolite and wrong. B. It shows their language levels. C. It reflects their self-confidence. D. It misses the real meaning of accents. 2. Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English? A. To prove dialects are acceptable. B. To show various types of English. C. To correct a grammatical mistake. D. To encourage more changes to languages. 3. What does the author mostly want us to do in the last paragraph? A. To learn to speak with our local dialects. B. To treasure the value of accents and dialects. C. To have friends with different accents and dialects. D. To have a better understanding of people’s experiences. 4. What can be a suitable title for this passage? A. Everyone Has an Accent B. Standard English Is at Risk C. Dialects Lead to Misunderstanding D. Accents Tell Everything about You Passage 5 （23-24学年高一下·浙江金华10月月考） Confucius, a famous teacher, was a politician and philosopher who lived in “Spring and Autumn Period”. During his lifetime, he planted the seeds for China’s transformation by teaching thousands of people. Today, he is thought to be one of the world’s greatest teachers. Confucius grew up in a poor family. As he grew up, Confucius worked to help his mother earn money. When he wasn’t working, he would read. His favorite thing to do was to learn. His mother saw this and did her best to help him learn. One day, rich families noticed how smart he was and offered him jobs counting their money and keeping track of their crops. Confucius did this until he was 30 years old, but he always wanted to do more. He didn’t like the way rulers treated their subjects. He wanted to find a way to help people who were less fortunate than he was. Later, he founded the philosophy “Confucianism”. Confucianism states that by educating yourself, loving your family, and respecting tradition you could become a better person. Confucius believed a person could achieve these things by practicing self-discipline. For the rest of his life, Confucius traveled and taught the people of China about self-discipline and the importance of education. He even opened China’s first school that taught both the poor and the wealthy as equals. Although he became very famous among China’s lower classes, the rulers of China never accepted his teachings. Eventually, his philosophy of self-discipline helped China unite under one ruler and finally find peace. Today, Confucius is celebrated all over the world for his philosophy of education, equality, and peace over war, money, and injustice. 1. What can we know about Confucius from the passage? A. He was once a farmer guiding people farming. B. He was born in a politician family. C. He once acted as a math teacher. D. He devoted himself to social change. 2. The underlined word “subjects”(in paragraph 3) can be replaced by _______. A. themes B. courses C. people D. tests 3. According to the author, which is the most important to keep peace? A. Self-discipline. B. Self-confidence. C. Respect. D. Equality. 4. What is the writer’s attitude towards Confucianism? A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Disappointed. D. Hopeful. Passage 6 （23-24学年高一下·浙江省学军中学期中） When I picked up The Woks of Life, a cookbook written by the Leung family, I was very excited. Inside there are mom-and-dad approved recipes with stories and photos—even a timeline—of the family’s history. “We call our cookbook culinary genealogy (烹饪家谱). We wanted the book to be our family’s stories told through food, rather than just characteristic recipes,” said Sarah Leung, who co-wrote the book during the pandemic (流行病) with her parents and younger sister. “We grew up in a food-obsessed (着迷的) family. Honestly, I’ve developed a quarter of these recipes myself,” Sarah added. “Over time, we’ll accomplish our goal: All family members are competent Chinese cooks.” The cookbook features dishes which might be made in a Chinese American home as well as in Chinese American takeout restaurants. “Home-style cooking and restaurant-style cooking have equal importance, but they are different,” Sarah said, adding that the family also discussed how to be respectful of each point. “I hope the recipes will appeal to Chinese Americans, like my family, and also those less familiar with Chinese cooking.” Part of their cookbook has also been posted on their website, attracting millions of faithful followers. The success of the cookbook is that it honors tradition as well as reflects modern interpretations, making it a mixture of the old and the new. It also offers building blocks for home cooks who want to learn to cook Chinese food. I started my exploration with the Kung Pao Chicken, a popular dish and also my favorite. Joyfully, the dish I made tasted like it was supposed to be. It really built up my confidence. Surely, as you can imagine, I have also set up my goal to be expert in Chinese cooking. The cookbook is promoting Chinese cooking to become the domain of home cooks in the United States. For too long, Chinese cooking has been a cuisine that many people are used to only eating out. 1. Why is the cookbook called culinary genealogy? A. It runs in the family. B. It is written by family members. C. It includes the story of a family. D. It contains mom-and-dad approved recipes. 2. Which of the following best describes the Leung family? A. Easygoing and helpful. B. Faithful and energetic. C. Devoted and considerate. D. Fortunate and thankful. 3. What does the author think of The Woks of Life? A. It is a typical Chinese cookbook. B. Its success lies in honoring tradition. C. It offers building blocks for all cooks. D. It helps improve the author’s cooking skills. 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Most Americans are used to eating out. B. The cookbook has become a best seller. C. American home cooks prefer Chinese cooking. D. The cookbook benefits the spread of Chinese cooking. Passage 7 （23-24学年高一下·浙江省宁波期中） While the teams of the FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar competed in the fields, it was worth noting that it was not only soccer that caught the world’s attention, but also the video assistant referee (VAR) technology. Like it or dislike it, the VAR is a part of football games today. Many football fans question whether the system made the game better or if it added an unnecessary layer of complexity to the beautiful game as a number of debatable decisions were made involving the VAR — it slows down the game; the offside law sometimes becomes rigid. The introduction of the VAR means top-level football games are now easily affected by stoppages and delays with the on-field referee often waiting for decisions to be made by those in offices often far away from the stadiums. Actually, the use of video match officials in football was included in the 2018/2019 edition of the Laws of the Game and was already used at the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Since then, the system has been applied in over 100 competitions worldwide. Despite criticisms, FIFA considered the first use of the VAR to be a triumph, with referee committee head Pierluigi Collina claiming that 99.3 percent of “match-changing” decisions were called correctly at the World Cup — “very, very close to perfection”. Without the VAR, referees called 95 percent of the incidents correctly. Not only football, sports tech to support a referee’s decision-making is widely adopted by other major sports in professional and Olympic games to assist referees to make the correct decisions. Tennis employs the Hawk-Eye Live system on competition courts, and the NBA has long used instant replay and other high-tech aids to make sure players are shooting within the time given by the shot clock in order for the referees to make the right call. We should admit that sports tech is still not perfect in the field of sports events. People’s feelings are not towards those technologies themselves, but the current shortcomings of the application of the technology. However, fairness and consistency should not be a zero-sum option. Efforts should be made to further improve efficiency and reduce disturbance to beautiful games. 1. Why do many football fans question the VAR technology? A. It sometimes becomes rigid. B. It makes competitions unappealing. C. It is easily affected by on-field referees. D. It leads to many arguable decisions. 2. What does the underlined word “triumph” mean in paragraph 4? A. Beginning. B. Success. C. Symbol. D. Tendency. 3. Why are tennis and the NBA mentioned in paragraph 5? A. To prove the diversity of sports tech. B. To introduce the benefits of sports tech. C. To show sports tech’s wide application. D. To explain the development of sports tech. 4. What’s the author’s attitude toward sports tech? A. Opposed. B. Objective. C. Favorable. D. Doubtful. Passage 8 （24-25高一下·浙江宁波·期中） If you could travel in time, where would you go? Perhaps you would watch a performance of a Shakespeare’s play in Elizabethan England? What about hanging out with Laozi in the Spring and Autumn Period? Or maybe you’d voyage far ahead of the present day to see what the future holds. The possibility of time travel is indeed attractive. Stories exploring the subject have been around for hundreds of years. Perhaps the best-known example is science fiction novel The Time Machine, written by H. G. Wells and published in 1895. It was adapted into at least two feature films of the same name, as well as two television versions, and a large number of comic book adaptations. It is generally credited with the popularization of the concept of time travel using a vehicle that allows an operator to travel purposefully and selectively. The term “time machine”, coined by Wells, is now universally referred to a vehicle transporting people into the far future. But could time travel actually be possible? Some scientists say yes, in theory. They propose using cracks in time and space called “wormholes”, which could be used as shortcuts to other periods. Einstein’s theory of relativity allows time travel in extreme conditions. And Stephen Hawking says you could travel into the future with a really fast spaceship, going at nearly the speed of light. Though building such a spaceship wouldn’t of course be simple. Even if you could travel into the past, there is something called the “grandfather paradox”. It asks what would happen if a time traveler were to go back in time and have his own grandfather killed for some reason, and therefore prevent himself from being born. If the time traveler wasn’t born, how would he travel back in time? And would you really like to visit the future? In H. G. Wells’ book, the main character travels into distant time where he arrives at a beach and is attacked by giant crabs. He then voyages 30 million years into the future where the only living thing is a black object with tentacles. If that’s what’s in store, maybe we are better just living in the present day after all. 1. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. The Time Machine is one of the bestselling science fiction novels. B. There are films, comic books and dramas adapted from the novel The Time Machine. C. Works of Literature about time travel first appeared one hundred years ago. D. It was H.G. Wells who invented the term “time machine”. 2. Einstein’s and Hawking’s theories ________. A. suggest the possibility of time travel B. have been proved wrong by some time travelers C. have similarities because both are based on experiments D. have pushed the invention of the first spaceship 3. In Paragraph 4, “grandfather paradox” probably refers to the idea that ________. A. the reunion of the traveler and his grandfather brings happiness B. the grandfather’s death makes the traveler’s birth impossible C. the traveler goes back in time to seek for his grandfather D. the traveler is prevented from meeting his grandfather 4. According to the passage what is probably the author’s attitude towards time travel? A. Indifferent. B. Supportive. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. Passage 9 （24-25高一下·广东深圳·期中） When I first launched my business about 10 years ago and started working in Mexico, I noticed co-workers and friends greeting each other with a brief hug and a kiss on the cheek. So I started doing that too, as I believed it was the custom, until one day my business partner pulled me aside and said, “Can you stop hugging and kissing the receptionist every time you come into the office? I think it sends the wrong message.” I didn’t understand the culture well enough to appreciate the unwritten rules. Yet, as CEO of a fast-growing multi-national company, that’s exactly what I needed to learn — and fast. I not only wanted to stop sending the wrong message, but I wanted to start sending the right messages. I wanted to understand how to tap into the diverse aspects of Latino culture while staying true to the culture of my own country and business. Expanding to other geographies only increases the importance of sending the right messages that support a more open and diverse workforce. “As a CEO, it is important to learn some of the basic phrases in the native languages of your employees — it shows your respect for their culture.” Every culture has its own set of primary cultural drivers. In the U. S we tend to be driven by popularity, success and financial reward. Other regions’ drivers can include family pride or community contribution. By learning these drivers and how they impact your relationships, you can build trust truly within your company. For example, in Northern Ireland and Mexico, I learned that family units stay close together and often meet every week for a meal, and co-workers are occasionally invited to these family functions. While this is not a regular practice in the U. S., I found that joining these family meals was crucial for building trust with my colleagues. Over the years, I have learned to talk openly about these awkward aspects of culture and diversity. They need to be tackled head-on to come to a solution. By doing so, you can build trust and bridge large differences that lead to better productivity, higher levels of innovation, and a more enjoyable company culture that represents every culture that makes up your business. As leaders, it is our job to put these issues on the table and hammer through them sincerely --- no matter the cultural divide. 1. The author mentions hugging and kissing on the cheek to _________. A. demonstrate he/ she is integrated in Mexico B. provide an example of his misunderstanding C. support he/ she is fully aware of the custom D. compare body language in different cultures 2. What can we learn from the 4th paragraph? A. People in U. S bank on family functions. B. People in Mexico focus more on success. C. Cultural motivations vary with the country. D. Building trust mainly relies on socializing. 3. Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “hammer through” in the last paragraph? A. Deal with. B. Look forward to. C. Burn up. D. Be proud of. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. What is cultural diversity? B. What is proper body language? C. How to send the right messages? D. How to build trust in a diverse culture? Passage 10 （23-24高一下·广东深圳·期中联考） Dr. Degenaar came into the lecture room on the first Friday morning of the term and asked us to write down our own understanding of the “soul”. Here was the “teacher” asking us what we thought — it was really an exciting experience. He was not telling us what he thought but asking us how we saw something. The following discussion was interesting. That was my first experience of real learning in a classroom. Almost 50 years have passed since that experience. Of the other lecturers who “taught” me during that year, I remember they “taught” me the history of Greek philosophy (哲学), but I remember little of that history and nothing of those lecturers. And most of what I remember about Greek philosophy is what I learned in Dr. Degenaar’s class, for my own interest. I took further courses with Dr. Degenaar in the following years. Lake the first class, there was little “lecturing” at us, but far more involvement (参与) of us all in a process of common discovery in which we learned a lot about each other and the key points of the day. The excitement of discovery stays with me. Then it took me almost another 20 years to get a deeper understanding of what had happened in that lecture hall: experiential learning. Traditionally, learners have been seen as “empty containers” waiting to be “filled” with learning given them by the teacher. The learner is, therefore, dependent on the teacher for what to think and how to think. Compliance (遵从) is rewarded and so independent and original thinking is not developed. In comparison, in experiential learning, the learner is encouraged to think for himself/herself not to repeat the thought patterns of the teacher. The learning happens not because of what a “teacher” or “lecturer” says but because of what the learner does. In this sense, I think this is the best way to learn and everyone should try it and learn from it. 1. Which word best describes the author’s first Greek philosophy class? A. Boring. B. Amazing. C. Confusing. D. Depressing. 2. Why does the author compare Dr. Degenaar and the other lecturers? A. To praise Dr. Degenaar’s attitude to his job. B. To stress Dr. Degenaar’s great influence on him. C. To point out Dr. Degenaar’s popularity among students. D. To show the author’s deep interest in Greek philosophy. 3. How does experiential learning differ from traditional learning? A. It has no specific learning places. B. It applies knowledge to medical care. C. It encourages independent thinking. D. It focuses more on the result of learning. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. A respected teacher. B. A favorite university lesson. C. The factors of experiential learning. D. An effective learning method. Passage 11 （24-25高二上·广东茂名期中） When Jack, my husband, and I drove past a fire station with a sign reading, “Are you ready for the next storm?” Our area had just been in the path of Hurricane Irma, causing downed trees and outages. We were stuck in the dark and cut off from the outside world. We have had our share of storms in the past years — a snowstorm and other heavy snows that knocked down trees, sometimes up to a week at a time. Those days in a cold house weren’t fun, but we learned so much from those early storms, things that made later storms easier to bear. Now we have stored up flashlights, lanterns and candles. We bought a battery-operated radio to keep up with the news. We stocked up on batteries so that we’d have plenty for extended power failures. We make sure our grill (烤架) is ready and its tank is full, and we purchase food that can be easily prepared and then cooked or heated on the grill. And we don’t forget to buy emergency chocolate! We have book lights to read in the dark. We keep our car gas tanks full and have emergency cash on hand. We’re ready for the next storm, but we wouldn’t have learned to do all those things if we hadn’t encountered a storm in the past. The same is true spiritually. Those little storms in our lives are never fun, but they prepare us for the big storms — the big trials — that will come our way. They can teach us some valuable lessons. Are you ready for the next storm? Now is the time to get ready, not when the storm arrives. 1. Which can replace the underlined word “outages” in paragraph 1? A. Traffic accidents. B. Power failures. C. Natural disasters. D. Bad weather. 2. What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. The importance of storing up daily goods. B. The experience of dealing with housework. C. The items the author bought for her daily life. D. The preparations the author made for emergency. 3. What does the author think of experiencing the past storms? A. It was instructive. B. It was satisfactory. C. It was unbearable. D. It was destructive. 4. What can we learn from the author’s story? A. Strike while the iron is hot. B. Take precautions before it is too late. C. Kill two birds with one stone. D. Where there’s smoke, there’s fire. Passage 12 （24-25高一下·广东江门·期中） Do you want to look fashionable? Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable? Many people seem to think so, judging by the things they wear. But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person. People go to great lengths to be fashionable. Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so they go on extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies. In addition, many women wear uncomfortable fashions, such as high-heeled shoes that cause pain to their feet and tight body shapers that limit blood flow. Men and women alike spend time and money on products that change their natural hair colour or hairstyle. Some people even spend several hours a day in front of a mirror. Is fashion important enough to spend so much time and effort on changing what they look like? If the purpose of fashion is to make a person feel good, it does not make sense that he or she would go through so much discomfort to be fashionable. Fashion should not come first. People should put their healthy and positive image in the first place. What people wear does not say anything about their personalities. Instead of spending hours choosing a suit, perhaps you should call your friends and do something together, such as playing soccer or badminton. Instead of going on strict diets and forcing yourself to stay hungry, why not eat some healthy foods and then exercise? By doing these things, you can keep a healthy lifestyle and truly grow as a person. 1. What is the author’s attitude to people’s putting fashion above health? A. Curious. B. Unsupportive. C. Encouraging. D. Unclear. 2. Which statement best represents the author’s viewpoint? A. Fashion can make people do some unhealthy things. B. Fashion increases famous people’s self-respect. C. When you look good, you feel good. D. People need to diet to lose weight. 3. Which of the following activities would the author most likely recommend? A. Shopping for fashionable clothes. B. Starting a new diet with a friend. C. Going skating with friends. D. Changing the hairstyle every week. 4. The author’s main purpose in writing the text is to ________. A. show readers advantages and disadvantages of dieting B. persuade readers to value health more than fashion C. tell readers ways to become fashionable D. inform readers of the latest fashion trends Passage 13 （24-25高一下·浙江丽水·期中） In this digital age, information is increasingly digitized through the wide use of technology. Newspapers, magazines and even textbooks are becoming or expected to be digital soon. However, despite the sharp increase of such technology in daily life, print media is far from becoming unnecessary. I don’t think that reading in print is a dying mode. Firstly, print offers a super reading experience. The feeling of holding a book in our hands, feeling its weight and turning over its pages, helps us to be immersed in and engaged fully with the material. The act of turning over pages also helps to direct ourselves in the concepts and structure of the text. In contrast, reading through a number of pages on a device is unsatisfying, and we can lose track of how much we have read. In addition, the artificial glow of digital screens tires one’s eyes out, and can even affect one’s sleep. Moreover, physical copies express greater aesthetic (审美的) beauty than digital ones. The designs that beautify book covers and spines make the ideas complete and add beauty to our homes as well. The wrinkles that have accumulated over time leave us with an emotional attachment to the books themselves. Furthermore, the presentation of content in print also allows for greater appreciation of imagery (意象). In contrast to the restrictions of digital screens, the tangible (可触摸的) nature of print allows for clear imagery that is clear and impactful in its presence. Advocates of digital print support the convenience of the medium. Indeed, e-readers  provide a convenient solution to storage and transportation. However, this carries its own weaknesses as well. For one, the use of digital media requires the investment in a smart device. For another, taking notes on the printed text is easier. In conclusion, despite the conveniences afforded by digital media, physical print still remains a popular mode of reading today. The “less is more” nature of print media remains its strongest selling point today. 1. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 2? A. Too much digital reading will not influence our health. B. Turning over pages helps to completely understand the texts. C. Reading in print offers readers full engagement with materials. D. Readers can exactly know how much they have read by digital reading. 2. Where does the greater aesthetic beauty of physical copies lie? A. A clear imagery. B. Abundant ideas. C. Emotional dependence. D. Convenience of transportation. 3. What’s the main purpose of the text? A. To popularize two types of reading modes. B. To persuade people to enjoy digital reading. C. To inform people of a new trend in reading. D. To argue why reading in print will not disappear. 4. The author states the opinion by _________. A. using examples B. making a comparison C. asking and answering questions D. analyzing causes and effects Passage 14 （23-24高一下·湖北·期中） I remember that a rapper on television once said, “If it feels good, do it.” From schools to workplaces, we are told that ordinary negative (负面的) emotions and experiences—fear of failure or sadness over a breakup, maybe — should be treated or removed. Feeling bad is bad. This is wrong, as was the rapper’s motto. I don’t believe that eradicating bad feelings is the path to a good life. We have an opportunity here to judge the benefits of negative emotions and experiences instead of trying to push them away. Negative emotions exist to keep us safe. The main negative emotions include sadness, anger, fear and disgust (厌恶). We experienced them in an unconscious way in response to environmental stimuli (刺激). You never say to yourself, Hey, I think I’ll feel afraid now—you just feel it and react with fight or flight, which can save your life. Disgust similarly warns us unconsciously of potential illness. Negative emotions can also make us more effective in our day-to-day activities. In an article in the journal Psychological Review, two evolutionary psychologists argue that sadness—and even depression—have existed in the face of evolution (进化) because they bring cognitive benefits. Sadness can make us more productive at work by improving focus and helping us learn from mistakes. This is how failure, by means of the resulting negative emotions, can help lead to later success. Finally, negative emotions make us stronger for when there is a true emergency. Research shows that “stress vaccination training” — in which people learn to cope with anger, fear and anxiety by being brought up to stimuli that cause these feelings — is effective in creating emotional toughness. In sum, if we want a life full of deep meaning, true love, and emotional strength, it’s going to involve the risk of discomfort, fight and loss. This means there will be sadness, fear, anger and disgust. If we remove negative emotions and experiences from our lives, we will be poorer and weaker for having done so. 1. How does the author introduce the topic? A. By showing a social phenomenon. B. By explaining a specific concept. C. By creating a related situation. D. By stating a common belief. 2. What is the meaning of the underlined word “eradicating” in Para. 2? A. Stirring up. B. Focusing on. C. Getting rid of. D. Keeping track of. 3. According to the author, why is failure the mother of success? A. Negative emotions help us work effectively. B. Negative emotions give us stronger hearts. C. Failure gives us a true sense of crisis. D. Failure results from mistakes. 4. Which is this passage mainly about? A. Why feeling bad is bad. B. How to achieve a meaningful life. C. How to deal with negative emotions. D. Why negative emotions are necessary. Passage 15 （23-24学年高一下·福建省福州期中） Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic (全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama. Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view. Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that. Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it. This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured (捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized (使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house. Perhaps we all live in each other’s spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us. That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass. 1. What happened when the author was about to take a photo? A. Her camera stopped working. B. A woman blocked her view. C. Someone asked her to leave. D. A friend approached from behind. 2. According to the author, the woman was probably _________. A. enjoying herself B. losing her patience C. waiting for the sunset D. thinking about her past 3. The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________. A. the need to be close to nature B. the importance of private space C. the joy of the vacation in Italy D. the shared passion for beauty 4. The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon ________. A. a particular life experience B. the pleasure of traveling C. the art of photography D. a lost friendship Passage 16 （23-24高二下·四川眉山·期中） Life is hard－even harder than anyone thought it would be. When you were younger, you dreamed of the world being your playground, and you were told that you could do anything and be anyone you wanted. Somehow, though, things haven’t been the smooth sailing that  you wanted them to be. The world seems to go against you, and the last thing you want to hear is “Cheer up!” Still, there’s a couple of things you might not notice about your situation. Next time you’re down, maybe the following will provide motivation. Firstly, not everything is bad. It’s a well-accepted fact that bad news makes for sensational (极好的) television ratings. The fact is that something negative catches a lot more attention than something positive, and that’s because it’s easy to see things in a negative light. However, that shouldn’t distract you from the bigger picture. Resist the tunnel vision that results from constant negativity. Remember that even though there’s lots of really nasty stuff going on, you’re surrounded by some pretty awesome stuff as well. You should also remember other people aren’t you. No one likes being compared to another person. What makes it even worse, if that’s even possible, is when you do it to yourself. Stop comparing yourself to another person and you’ll realize that you’re much more awesome than you give yourself credit for. Lastly, failure isn’t where the game stops. So you tried something new, but you didn’t follow through. Frustrated at yourself, you stop trying. As a result, your quality of life goes down terribly. You’ve given up on it, though, because you don’t see the point (since you failed the first time). Now, you’re an adult. The things you are trying are much more complicated than five-year-old you. However, your behaviour shouldn’t change in the slightest－when you fail in something, that’s just more information in your data bank. You know that method doesn’t work, so try another one! And another one after that! Do this until you figure it out. Giving up is for losers, and you sure aren’t one of those. 1. The author mentioned bad news in order to show that ______ . A. bad news makes people see things in a negative light B. bad news is more likely to catch people’s eyes C. bad news attracts people to see positive things D. bad news has a negative effect on television ratings 2. What does the underlined part “nasty stuff” in Para. 4 probably mean? A. Unstable emotions. B. Important events. C. Amazing incidents . D. Something unpleasant. 3. How should we view failure according to the passage? A. We will change our behaviour. B. We will keep trying the old method. C. We should learn from failure. D. We should think in a more complicated way. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. It inspires us to learn from negative experiences. B. It compares negative and positive experiences. C. It criticizes those who are affected by bad experiences. D. It discusses how negative experiences affect others. Passage 17 （23-24高一下·浙江温州·期中） Do you like traveling? Many people choose backpacking (背着背包徒步旅行) because it not only helps save a lot of money, but also gives them another kind of experience. When you are planning a backpacking adventure, the first thing to do in your opinion may be the decision on the places where you will visit. However, it is not the most important thing. Great adventures will make you face great danger. So you should not only imagine the enjoyment you will have on the trip, but also think about the possible danger you might face. Making travel insurance (保险) is the most staple. It can make sure that you stay safe on the trip. So you should buy a backpacker travel insurance policy (保险单) before you leave. Backpacker policies are specially designed to meet your needs by offering a high level of cover for a long time of travel. You can buy a backpacker policy from one week to two years or longer time. The backpacker insurance policy covers many activities such as swim and ski, and provides protection for these activities. So buying a backpacker travel insurance policy is very important. It is a good idea to compare a few insurance companies before you make a decision. You should always carefully check the backpacker policy and make sure the activities you want to do are all covered by the policy. 1. The passage can interest the man who _________. A. plans to go for a backpacking. B. runs a company selling sports clothes. C. wants to become a tour guide in the future. D. is too busy to have a few days off. 2. The underlined word “staple” in the second paragraph may mean “_________”. A. very reasonable. B. very difficult. C. very important. D. very interesting. 3. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Backpacking insurance policies may cover sports protection. B. We should find a good tour guide when backpacking. C. We should take part in some activities such as swim and ski. D. A lot of people want to spend some time backpacking. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards backpacking insurance? A. Cautions. B. Critical. C. subjective. D. Objective. Passage 18 （23-24学年高一下·浙江省浙大附中期中） Do you want to live another 100 years or more? Do you want to live never to die? Some experts say, it will not be a dream one day. Modern technology will make it come true. Man will live more years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life. “I think we are knocking at the door of immortality,” said Michael, a professor and author of two books on human life expectancy. “I think by 2075 we will see it and it’s no longer a dream. Humans’ life expectancy may have no limit.” At the meeting in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School said advances in using genes as well as other technology make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. “There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years,” he said. “Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 300 or 500 years.” However, many scientists are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last more than about 120 years. Even with healthier lifestyles and less disease, they say failure of the brain and other parts of the body will finally lead all humans to death. Scientists also hold different opinions on what kind of life man might live. “If you pass 120, you know, could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life? It’s a big question,” said Leonard Poon, director of the university centre. “At present people who could get to that point are not in good health at all.” 1. What does the underlined word in the second paragraph probably mean? A. Dying slowly. B. Living longer. C. Living forever. D. Dying quickly. 2. What is Donald’s attitude? A. Human beings may never die in the future. B. It is not certain how long humans can live. C. The human body can last about 120 years. D. It is possible for man to live longer in the future. 3. What does the phrase “get to that point” mean in the last sentence? A. Get that idea. B. Get to 120 years old. C. Know how to live forever. D. Have good quality of life. 4. What would be the best title for this text? A. Living longer or not B. Science and long living C. No limit for human life D. Healthy lifestyle and living Passage 19 （20-21高一下·浙江宁波·期中） You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim (受害者) or a creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing (内化) your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others. Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choices in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth. Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺) in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others---and even themselves---to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have the choice to determine the direction of their lives. In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life. In every moment and every situation, you can choose to have a fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are. 1. According to Paragraph 2, creators ________. A. handle ups and downs of life wisely B. possess the ability to predict future life C. seem willing to experience failure in life D. have the potential to create something new 2. The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that ________. A. people may become victims if they care too much about sufferings B. people need family support to deal with challenges in life C. it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains D. one’s experiences determine his attitude towards life 3. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A. To define victims and creators. B. To evaluate victims against creators. C. To explain the relationship between victims and creators. D. To suggest the transformation from victims to creators. Passage 20 （24-25高二下·湖北武汉·期中） Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hate and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged (不和的) accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical perspective, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, in real situations, develops with practice. 1. How does Droll think of forgivers according to the early paper? A. They can be really powerful. B. They deserve others’ respect. C. They are acting out of kindness D. They might get themselves hurt. 2. What does the example in Paragraph 3 illustrate? A. To fight is to grow. B. To give is to receive. C. To forgive is to punish. D. To dominate is to harm. 3. What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness? A. Critical. B. Unclear. C. Favorable. D. Objective. 4. What does the last paragraph suggest about how forgiveness develops? A. Forgiveness improves with practice. B. Forgiveness happens easily with time. C. Forgiveness is practical and automatic. D. Forgiveness comes from social experiences. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解之议论文 Passage 1 （23-24高一下·浙江金华·期中） It was June 15, and in two days I would be turning thirty. I was insecure about entering a new decade of my life and feared that my best years were now behind me. My daily routine included going to the gym for a workout before going to work. Every morning I would see my friend Nicholas at the gym. He was seventy-nine years old and in terrific shape. As I greeted Nicholas on this particular day, he noticed I wasn’t full of my usual vitality and asked if there was anything wrong. I told him I was feeling anxious about turning thirty. I wondered how I would look back on my life once I reached Nicholas’ sage, so I asked him, “What was the best time of your life?” Without hesitation, Nicholas replied, “Well, Joe, this is my philosophical answer to your philosophical question.” “When I was a child in Austria and everything was taken care of for me and I was nurtured by my parents, that was the best time of my life.” “When I was going to school and learning the things I know today, that was the best time of my life.” “When I got my first job and had responsibilities and got paid for my efforts, that was the best time of my life.” “When I met my wife and fell in love, that was the best time of my life.” “The Second World War came, and my wife and I had to flee Austria to save our lives. When we were together and safe on a ship bound for North America, that was the best time of my life.” “When we came to Canada and started a family, that was the best time of my life.” “When I was a young father, watching my children grow up, that was the best time of my life.” “And now, Joe, I am seventy-nine years old. I have my health, I feel good and I am in love with my wife just as I was when we first met. This is the best time of my life.” 1. Why did the author feel anxious according to the article? A. He would be 30 in two days. B. He was worried about getting old. C. He didn’t go to the gym to exercise. D. Nicholas asked questions he didn’t want to answer. 2. What do we know about Nicholas’ life experiences? A. He spent his childhood with his grandparents in Austria. B. He dropped out of school, found a job and got paid. C. He took part in the Second World War and met his wife. D. He started a family and became a young father in Canada. 3. What do you think of Nicholas’s life? A. Casual. B. Anxious. C. Positive. D. Negative. 4. What can we learn from Nicholas? A. Live a day at a time. B. You get what you pay for. C. Every man has his price. D. Strike while the iron is hot. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要通过讲述作者对即将到来的30岁以后的生活的担忧来告诉我们要珍惜眼前的生活，每天都有幸福快乐的生活。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“It was June 15, and in two days I would be turning thirty. I was insecure about entering a new decade of my life and feared that my best years were now behind me. (那是6月15日，再过两天我就满30岁了。我对进入人生的新十年感到不安全，担心我最好的时光已经过去了)”可知，作者是因为马上要30岁了而担心。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第九段“When we came to Canada and started a family, that was the best time of my life.(当我们来到加拿大组建家庭时，那是我一生中最美好的时光)”和第十段“When I was a young father, watching my children grow up, that was the best time of my life.(当我还是一个年轻的父亲，看着我的孩子长大，那是我一生中最美好的时光)”可知，尼古拉斯是在加拿大组建了家庭并且成为了一名年轻的父亲。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据第八段“The Second World War came, and my wife and I had to flee Austria to save our lives. When we were together and safe on a ship bound for North America, that was the best time of my life. (第二次世界大战来临，我和妻子不得不逃离奥地利以挽救我们的生命。当我们在一艘开往北美的船上安全地在一起时，那是我一生中最美好的时光)”可知，在动荡的二战时期，尼古拉斯却因为能和家人在一起而感到幸福快乐。由此推知，他是一个积极乐观的人。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据第四段“When I was a child in Austria and everything was taken care of for me and I was nurtured by my parents, that was the best time of my life. (当我还是个孩子的时候，在奥地利，一切都得到了照顾，我受到了父母的养育，那是我一生中最美好的时光)”，第五段“When I was going to school and learning the things I know today, that was the best time of my life. (当我去上学，学习今天所知道的东西时，那是我一生中最美好的时光)”，第六段“When I got my first job and had responsibilities and got paid for my efforts, that was the best time of my life. (当我找到我的第一份工作，承担起责任，努力获得报酬时，那是我一生中最美好的时光)”，第七段“When I met my wife and fell in love, that was the best time of my life. (当我遇到我的妻子并坠入爱河时，那是我一生中最美好的时光)”，第八段“The Second World War came, and my wife and I had to flee Austria to save our lives. When we were together and safe on a ship bound for North America, that was the best time of my life. (第二次世界大战来临，我和妻子不得不逃离奥地利以挽救我们的生命。当我们在一艘开往北美的船上安全地在一起时，那是我一生中最美好的时光)”，第九段“When we came to Canada and started a family, that was the best time of my life.(当我们来到加拿大组建家庭时，那是我一生中最美好的时光)”，第十段“When I was a young father, watching my children grow up, that was the best time of my life.(当我还是一个年轻的父亲，看着我的孩子长大，那是我一生中最美好的时光)”和最后一段“And now, Joe, I am seventy-nine years old. I have my health, I feel good and I am in love with my wife just as I was when we first met. This is the best time of my life. (现在，乔，我79岁了。我身体健康，感觉很好，我爱我的妻子，就像我们第一次见面时一样。这是我一生中最美好的时光)”可知，从尼古拉斯对自己生活的回忆中可以看出，他珍惜生活中的每一天，每天都幸福快乐的生活。故选A。 Passage 2 （24-25高一下·山东泰安·期中） When it comes to reading, people have different preferences. Some people will choose paper books because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers, perhaps on a phone, because they’re convenient. But which is the more environment-friendly choice? Digital reading (数字阅读)is on the rise, now making up about 15% of the total US book market. However, traditional print publishing is still by far the most popular type — and it comes with a high carbon footprint (碳足迹). According to a 2023 report from Words Rated, print book publishing is the third biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions, and 32 million trees are cut down each year in the US to make paper for books. Then there’s the problem of printing and transport, not to mention the many unsold books that are destroyed. Digital reading seems to have a great advantage over print because it is paperless, so it saves trees and transport. Moreover, technology companies that make e-readers, such as Amazon, offer recycling programs for old devices (设备). But digital devices also come with a large carbon footprint, mainly at the production stage. Their cases are made from plastic that comes from fossil fuels, and the minerals in their batteries require a lot of resources to be mined. So back to the earlier question: which way of reading is more environmentally friendly? “It’s not cut and dried,” said Mike Berners-Lee, a professor at Lancaster Environment Centre in the United Kingdom. “If you buy an e-reader and you read lots of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do. But if you buy it, read a couple of books, and find that you prefer paper books, then it’s the worst of all worlds.” Yet, Berners-Lee said that reading is still, relatively speaking, an environmental-friendly activity. 1. What does the report show? A. Printed books have a poor sales record in the US. B. Print publishing is not friendly to the environment. C. Digital reading is more popular than paper reading. D. Printing books costs more than producing e-readers. 2. Which aspect of digital devices has the largest impact on the environment? A. Its transportation. B. Its waste management. C. Its production process. D. Its recycling programs. 3. According to the text, it is better to choose digital reading if you ______. A. read a lot B. hardly take notes C. enjoy reading at night D. only read books out of need 4. What is the most suitable title for the text? A. Why Should We Choose Digital Reading? B. How Does Print Publishing Affect the Environment? C. Will Traditional Print Reading Disappear in the Future? D. Which is Better for the Environment, Paper Books or E-readers? 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 【导语】这是一篇议论文，文章对比了纸质书籍和电子阅读器在环境保护方面的优劣，指出阅读方式的选择对环境的影响并非一成不变，取决于个人的阅读习惯。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“According to a 2023 report from Words Rated, print book publishing is the third biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions, and 32 million trees are cut down each year in the US to make paper for books.(根据Words Rated 2023年的报告，纸质书出版是第三大温室气体排放源，美国每年有3200万棵树被砍伐用于制作书籍纸张)”可知，该报告指出纸质书出版对环境不友好。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“：But digital devices also come with a large carbon footprint, mainly at the production stage.(但数字设备也伴随着巨大的碳足迹，主要集中在生产阶段)”可知，数字设备对环境影响最大的是其生产过程。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“If you buy an e-reader and you read lots of books on it, then it’s the lowest carbon thing to do.(如果你买了一个电子阅读器并在上面阅读很多书，那么这是最低碳的做法)”可知，如果你经常阅读，选择电子阅读器是更环保的，因此选项A“读很多书”是正确的。故选A。 4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章第一段“When it comes to reading, people have different preferences. Some people will choose paper books because they’re easy to borrow and share. Others will go for e-readers, perhaps on a phone, because they’re convenient. But which is the more environment-friendly choice?(说到阅读，人们有不同的偏好。有些人会选择纸质书，因为它们很容易借阅和分享。还有一些人会选择电子阅读器，也许是在手机上，因为它们很方便。但哪个是更环保的选择？)”可知，文章围绕纸质书和电子书哪个更环保的问题展开论述，所以最适合的标题是“纸质书还是电子阅读器，哪个对环境更好”。故选D。 Passage 3 （23-24高一下·四川攀枝花·期中） In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied (依赖) on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit (追求) of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten. However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people. I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost. but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try. “What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition. 1. What does this passage mainly talk about? A. Competition helps to set up self-respect. B. Opinions about competition are different among people. C. Competition is harmful to personal quality development. D. Failures are necessary experiences in competition. 2. Why do some people favor competition according to the passage? A. It pushes society forward. B. It builds up a sense of duty. C. It improves personal abilities. D. It encourages individual efforts 3. The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means ________. A. those who try their best to win B. those who value competition most highly C. those who are against competition most strongly D. those who rely on others most for success 4. Which point of view may the author agree to? A. Every effort should be paid back. B. Competition should be encouraged. C. Winning should be a life-and-death matter. D. Fear of failure should be removed in competition. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述的是不同的人对待竞争的不同的观点。 1. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition.”及全文内容可知，对于竞争，不同的人有不同的观点。故B正确。 2. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二行“Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity(一些人非常重视它，认为它是社会进步和繁荣的原因)”可知，它推动社会向前发展。故A正确。 3. 词义猜测题。根据本句“youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. (承受来自父母或社会竞争压力的年轻人。) ”可猜测the most vocal就是指那些遭受巨大竞争压力的人，他们反对竞争，故C正确。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot说明这些人害怕失败，害怕竞争。所有才会有各种各样的逃避竞争的现象，所以我们要把对失败的恐惧从竞争中去除掉。故D正确。 Passage 4 （23-2024学年高一下·湖北省宜昌期中） When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese.” But this kind of reply misses the point. More often than not, what we mean when we say someone “has an accent” is that their accent is different from the local one, or that their pronunciations are different from our own. But this understanding of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice (偏见). Funnily enough, in the language study, every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that decide our accents. Even if you don’t hear it yourself, you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense, it’s pointless to point out that someone “has an accent”. We all do! Every person speaks a dialect (方言), too. In the field of language study, a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words. For instance, “You got eat or not?” (meaning “Have you eaten?”) is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to stop for a while doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is “wrong” or “ungrammatical”. The sentence is well-formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different? We need to move beyond a narrow understanding of accents and dialects – for the good of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights (深刻见解) into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a global age, the way one speaks is a distinct part of who they are. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way. 1. What does the author think of some friends’ reply in paragraph 1? A. It’s impolite and wrong. B. It shows their language levels. C. It reflects their self-confidence. D. It misses the real meaning of accents. 2. Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English? A. To prove dialects are acceptable. B. To show various types of English. C. To correct a grammatical mistake. D. To encourage more changes to languages. 3. What does the author mostly want us to do in the last paragraph? A. To learn to speak with our local dialects. B. To treasure the value of accents and dialects. C. To have friends with different accents and dialects. D. To have a better understanding of people’s experiences. 4. What can be a suitable title for this passage? A. Everyone Has an Accent B. Standard English Is at Risk C. Dialects Lead to Misunderstanding D. Accents Tell Everything about You 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述的是语言差异可以帮助人们洞察他人的文化经历和背景，因此我们要欣赏口音和方言的价值。 1. 细节理解题。根据首段中的“When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese.” But this kind of reply misses the point. (当我向一些朋友提到我们都有口音时，他们中的大多数人自豪地回答说：“嗯，我的英语/汉语说得很好。”但这种回答没有抓住要点。)”可知，作者在向朋友提到每人都有口音时，他们的回答没有切中要点，由此可知，作者认为他/她的朋友忽略了口音的真正含义。故选D项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Every person speaks a dialect (方言), too. In the field of language study, a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words.(每个人也说一种方言。在语言研究领域，方言是一种语言，其特点是其结构，短语和单词的变体。)”可知，方言也是一种语言，只是其结构、短语和单词发生了一些改变，每个人都在说着方言，进而在下文中列举了新加坡英语口语，结合下文中的“The sentence is well-formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different? (根据新加坡英语使用者坚实的语法体系，这个句子结构良好，沟通清晰。为什么仅仅因为它不同就应该是错误的？)”可知，作者认为不能因为它不同就认为它是错的，它仍然在被人们使用，综上信息可知，作者使用新加坡口语的例子是在为了证明方言是可以接受的。故选A项。 3. 推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Language differences like these provide insights (深刻见解) into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds.(像这样的语言差异可以洞察人们的文化经历和背景。)”可知，通过语言的差异可以洞察人们的文化经历和背景，结合下文中的“Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We’d learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way.(大多数人都乐于谈论他们语言背后的文化。我们会更多地了解我们生活的世界，并在这一过程中结交朋友。)”可知，大多数人都乐于谈论它们语言背后的文化，这样会让我们更多的了解我们生活的世界，也就是说在口音和方言有其存在的价值和意义，由此可知，作者在最后一段中建议我们欣赏口音和方言的价值。故选B项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据首段“When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, “Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese.” But this kind of reply misses the point.(当我向一些朋友提到我们都有口音时，他们中的大多数人自豪地回答说：“嗯，我的英语/汉语说得很好。”但这种回答没有抓住要点。)”可知，作者利用自己的经历引出本文讲述的话题——人们对有口音的理解，结合尾段中的“We need to move beyond a narrow understanding of accents and dialects – for the good of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights (深刻见解) into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. (为了每个人的利益，我们需要超越对口音和方言的狭隘理解。像这样的语言差异提供了对人们的文化经历和背景的洞察。)”可知，作者建议我们超越对口音和方言的狭隘理解，语言的差异通可以帮助我们洞察他人的文化经历和背景，综合以上信息可知，本文应该介绍的是人们都有口音，而且每种口音和方言都有其价值，作者建议欣赏口音和方言的价值，所以本文的题目为“每人都有口音”涵盖了本文的内容，且可以概括本文的主题。故选A项。 Passage 5 （23-24学年高一下·浙江金华10月月考） Confucius, a famous teacher, was a politician and philosopher who lived in “Spring and Autumn Period”. During his lifetime, he planted the seeds for China’s transformation by teaching thousands of people. Today, he is thought to be one of the world’s greatest teachers. Confucius grew up in a poor family. As he grew up, Confucius worked to help his mother earn money. When he wasn’t working, he would read. His favorite thing to do was to learn. His mother saw this and did her best to help him learn. One day, rich families noticed how smart he was and offered him jobs counting their money and keeping track of their crops. Confucius did this until he was 30 years old, but he always wanted to do more. He didn’t like the way rulers treated their subjects. He wanted to find a way to help people who were less fortunate than he was. Later, he founded the philosophy “Confucianism”. Confucianism states that by educating yourself, loving your family, and respecting tradition you could become a better person. Confucius believed a person could achieve these things by practicing self-discipline. For the rest of his life, Confucius traveled and taught the people of China about self-discipline and the importance of education. He even opened China’s first school that taught both the poor and the wealthy as equals. Although he became very famous among China’s lower classes, the rulers of China never accepted his teachings. Eventually, his philosophy of self-discipline helped China unite under one ruler and finally find peace. Today, Confucius is celebrated all over the world for his philosophy of education, equality, and peace over war, money, and injustice. 1. What can we know about Confucius from the passage? A. He was once a farmer guiding people farming. B. He was born in a politician family. C. He once acted as a math teacher. D. He devoted himself to social change. 2. The underlined word “subjects”(in paragraph 3) can be replaced by _______. A. themes B. courses C. people D. tests 3. According to the author, which is the most important to keep peace? A. Self-discipline. B. Self-confidence. C. Respect. D. Equality. 4. What is the writer’s attitude towards Confucianism? A. Doubtful. B. Supportive. C. Disappointed. D. Hopeful. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了春秋时期的政治家和哲学家——孔子，介绍了孔子的个人经历，以及他著名的一些儒家思想。儒家思想认为，通过自我教育，热爱家庭，尊重传统，你可以成为一个更好的人。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中During his lifetime, he planted the seeds for China’s transformation by teaching thousands of people.可知在他的一生中，他教导了成千上万的人，为中国的变革播下了种子。由此可知，孔子致力于社会变革。故选D。 2. 词义猜测题。根据划线词上文He didn’t like the way rulers treated their可知孔子不喜欢统治者对待人民的方式。由此可知，ruler指的是“统治者”，故subjects的意思是“人民”。A. themes.主题；B. courses.课程；C. people.人们；D. tests.测试。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中Eventually, his philosophy of self-discipline helped China unite under one ruler and finally find peace.可知最终，他的自律哲学帮助中国统一在一个统治者的统治下，最终实现了和平。由此可知，根据作者的观点，维护和平最重要的是自律。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Eventually, his philosophy of self-discipline helped China unite under one ruler and finally find peace. Today, Confucius is celebrated all over the world for his philosophy of education, equality, and peace over war, money, and injustice.可知最终，他的自律哲学帮助中国统一在一个统治者的统治下，最终实现了和平。今天，孔子因其教育、平等和和平的哲学而闻名于世，他反对战争、金钱和不公正。由此可知，文中提到了儒家思想帮助中国统一在一个统治者的统治下，最终实现了和平，可推知，作者对儒家思想的态度是支持的。故选B。 Passage 6 （23-24学年高一下·浙江省学军中学期中） When I picked up The Woks of Life, a cookbook written by the Leung family, I was very excited. Inside there are mom-and-dad approved recipes with stories and photos—even a timeline—of the family’s history. “We call our cookbook culinary genealogy (烹饪家谱). We wanted the book to be our family’s stories told through food, rather than just characteristic recipes,” said Sarah Leung, who co-wrote the book during the pandemic (流行病) with her parents and younger sister. “We grew up in a food-obsessed (着迷的) family. Honestly, I’ve developed a quarter of these recipes myself,” Sarah added. “Over time, we’ll accomplish our goal: All family members are competent Chinese cooks.” The cookbook features dishes which might be made in a Chinese American home as well as in Chinese American takeout restaurants. “Home-style cooking and restaurant-style cooking have equal importance, but they are different,” Sarah said, adding that the family also discussed how to be respectful of each point. “I hope the recipes will appeal to Chinese Americans, like my family, and also those less familiar with Chinese cooking.” Part of their cookbook has also been posted on their website, attracting millions of faithful followers. The success of the cookbook is that it honors tradition as well as reflects modern interpretations, making it a mixture of the old and the new. It also offers building blocks for home cooks who want to learn to cook Chinese food. I started my exploration with the Kung Pao Chicken, a popular dish and also my favorite. Joyfully, the dish I made tasted like it was supposed to be. It really built up my confidence. Surely, as you can imagine, I have also set up my goal to be expert in Chinese cooking. The cookbook is promoting Chinese cooking to become the domain of home cooks in the United States. For too long, Chinese cooking has been a cuisine that many people are used to only eating out. 1. Why is the cookbook called culinary genealogy? A. It runs in the family. B. It is written by family members. C. It includes the story of a family. D. It contains mom-and-dad approved recipes. 2. Which of the following best describes the Leung family? A. Easygoing and helpful. B. Faithful and energetic. C. Devoted and considerate. D. Fortunate and thankful. 3. What does the author think of The Woks of Life? A. It is a typical Chinese cookbook. B. Its success lies in honoring tradition. C. It offers building blocks for all cooks. D. It helps improve the author’s cooking skills. 4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Most Americans are used to eating out. B. The cookbook has become a best seller. C. American home cooks prefer Chinese cooking. D. The cookbook benefits the spread of Chinese cooking. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，体现了“人与自我”的主题语境，主要介绍了一本食谱的特色、创作过程中的考量和所取得的成就，表达了该食谱创作者（一个美籍华人家庭）和一些美国人对中餐的热爱。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段前两句““We call our cookbook culinary genealogy (烹饪家谱). We wanted the book to be our family’s stories told through food, rather than just characteristic recipes,” said Sarah Leung, who co-wrote the book during the pandemic (流行病) with her parents and younger sister.(“我们称我们的烹饪书为烹饪家谱(烹饪谱)。我们希望这本书通过食物讲述我们的家庭故事，而不仅仅是特色食谱，”莎拉·梁说，她在疫情期间与父母和妹妹共同撰写了这本书)”可知，the Leung family想要在这本食谱中通过食物讲述家庭故事，因此把这本食谱叫作烹饪家谱，故选C项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段中““We grew up in a food-obsessed (着迷的) family. Honestly, I’ve developed a quarter of these recipes myself,” Sarah added. “Over time, we’ll accomplish our goal: All family members are competent Chinese cooks.”(“我们生长在一个痴迷美食的家庭。老实说，这些食谱中有四分之一是我自己开发的，”莎拉补充道。“随着时间的推移，我们将实现我们的目标:所有家庭成员都是能干的中国厨师。”)”可知，the Leung family对食物很着迷，并正为实现全员成为中餐大师的目标付出努力，说明他们“devoted”；以及第三段中““Home-style cooking and restaurant-style cooking have equal importance, but they are different,” Sarah said, adding that the family also discussed how to be respectful of each point.(萨拉说：“家常菜和餐馆菜同样重要，但它们是不同的。”她补充说，这家人还讨论了如何尊重每一点)”可知，the Leung family想在食谱中体现对中餐方方面面的尊重，说明他们“considerate”，故选C项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“I started my exploration with the Kung Pao Chicken, a popular dish and also my favorite. Joyfully, the dish I made tasted like it was supposed to be. It really built up my confidence.(我从宫保鸡丁开始了我的探索，这是一道很受欢迎的菜，也是我的最爱。令人高兴的是，我做的菜尝起来像它应该有的味道。它真的建立了我的信心)”可知，作者按照这本食谱首先尝试了制作宫保鸡丁，结果做出来的宫保鸡丁和作者之前吃过的味道很像。这增强了作者的信心，故选D项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The cookbook is promoting Chinese cooking to become the domain of home cooks in the United States. For too long, Chinese cooking has been a cuisine that many people are used to only eating out.(这本食谱正在推动中国烹饪成为美国家庭烹饪的领域。长期以来，中国烹饪一直是一种许多人只习惯在外面吃饭的烹饪方式)”可知，这本食谱正推动着中餐成为美国家庭厨师烹饪的一部分；在此之前的很长时间，许多想要享用中餐的美国人只能前往外面的餐馆，故选D项。 Passage 7 （23-24学年高一下·浙江省宁波期中） While the teams of the FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar competed in the fields, it was worth noting that it was not only soccer that caught the world’s attention, but also the video assistant referee (VAR) technology. Like it or dislike it, the VAR is a part of football games today. Many football fans question whether the system made the game better or if it added an unnecessary layer of complexity to the beautiful game as a number of debatable decisions were made involving the VAR — it slows down the game; the offside law sometimes becomes rigid. The introduction of the VAR means top-level football games are now easily affected by stoppages and delays with the on-field referee often waiting for decisions to be made by those in offices often far away from the stadiums. Actually, the use of video match officials in football was included in the 2018/2019 edition of the Laws of the Game and was already used at the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Since then, the system has been applied in over 100 competitions worldwide. Despite criticisms, FIFA considered the first use of the VAR to be a triumph, with referee committee head Pierluigi Collina claiming that 99.3 percent of “match-changing” decisions were called correctly at the World Cup — “very, very close to perfection”. Without the VAR, referees called 95 percent of the incidents correctly. Not only football, sports tech to support a referee’s decision-making is widely adopted by other major sports in professional and Olympic games to assist referees to make the correct decisions. Tennis employs the Hawk-Eye Live system on competition courts, and the NBA has long used instant replay and other high-tech aids to make sure players are shooting within the time given by the shot clock in order for the referees to make the right call. We should admit that sports tech is still not perfect in the field of sports events. People’s feelings are not towards those technologies themselves, but the current shortcomings of the application of the technology. However, fairness and consistency should not be a zero-sum option. Efforts should be made to further improve efficiency and reduce disturbance to beautiful games. 1. Why do many football fans question the VAR technology? A. It sometimes becomes rigid. B. It makes competitions unappealing. C. It is easily affected by on-field referees. D. It leads to many arguable decisions. 2. What does the underlined word “triumph” mean in paragraph 4? A. Beginning. B. Success. C. Symbol. D. Tendency. 3. Why are tennis and the NBA mentioned in paragraph 5? A. To prove the diversity of sports tech. B. To introduce the benefits of sports tech. C. To show sports tech’s wide application. D. To explain the development of sports tech. 4. What’s the author’s attitude toward sports tech? A. Opposed. B. Objective. C. Favorable. D. Doubtful. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B 【导语】本文是议论文。视频助理裁判技术已经成为当今足球比赛的一部分，但是也备受质疑：它是否让比赛变得更精彩，或者是否让精彩的比赛变得更加复杂了呢？ 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Many football fans question whether the system made the game better or if it added an unnecessary layer of complexity to the beautiful game as a number of debatable decisions were made involving the VAR (许多足球迷质疑该系统是否让比赛变得更好，或者它是否为这场漂亮的比赛增加了不必要的复杂性，因为VAR做出了许多有争议的决定)”可知，球迷质疑VAR系统的原因是它做出了许多有争议的决定，故选D项。 2. 词义猜测题。根据第四段划线词后的“99.3 percent of ‘match-changing’ decisions were called correctly at the World Cup—’very, very close to perfection(在世界杯上，99.3%的改变比赛的判罚是正确的，非常、非常接近完美)”以及“Without the VAR, referees called 95 percent of the incidents correctly(在没有VAR的情况下，裁判正确判罚了95%的事件)”可知，世界杯上99. 3%的“改变比赛”的判罚被认为是正确的判罚，而在没有视频助理裁判的情况下，裁判判罚的正确率为95%。由此可知，国际足联认为视频助理裁判的首次亮相是很成功的。B项“triumph(胜利，成功)”符合语境。故选B项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第五段“Not only football, sports tech to support a referee’s decision-making is widely adopted by other major sports in professional and Olympic games to assist referees to make the correct decisions.(不仅是足球，支持裁判决策的体育技术被职业比赛和奥运会的其他主要运动项目广泛采用，以帮助裁判做出正确的决策)”可知第五段提到网球和NBA的原因是要展示体育科技的广泛应用，故选C项。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“We should admit that sports tech is still not perfect in the field of sports events. People’s feelings are not towards those technologies themselves, but the current shortcomings of the application of the technology. However, fairness and consistency should not be a zero-sum option. Efforts should be made to further improve efficiency and reduce disturbance to beautiful games.(我们应该承认，体育科技在体育赛事领域仍然不够完善。人们的感受不是对那些技术本身的感受，而是对当前技术应用的不足。然而，公平和一致性不应该是一个零和选项。应努力进一步提高效率，减少对美丽游戏的干扰)”可推理出，作者对目前体育科技的广泛使用持客观的态度，故选B项。 Passage 8 （24-25高一下·浙江宁波·期中） If you could travel in time, where would you go? Perhaps you would watch a performance of a Shakespeare’s play in Elizabethan England? What about hanging out with Laozi in the Spring and Autumn Period? Or maybe you’d voyage far ahead of the present day to see what the future holds. The possibility of time travel is indeed attractive. Stories exploring the subject have been around for hundreds of years. Perhaps the best-known example is science fiction novel The Time Machine, written by H. G. Wells and published in 1895. It was adapted into at least two feature films of the same name, as well as two television versions, and a large number of comic book adaptations. It is generally credited with the popularization of the concept of time travel using a vehicle that allows an operator to travel purposefully and selectively. The term “time machine”, coined by Wells, is now universally referred to a vehicle transporting people into the far future. But could time travel actually be possible? Some scientists say yes, in theory. They propose using cracks in time and space called “wormholes”, which could be used as shortcuts to other periods. Einstein’s theory of relativity allows time travel in extreme conditions. And Stephen Hawking says you could travel into the future with a really fast spaceship, going at nearly the speed of light. Though building such a spaceship wouldn’t of course be simple. Even if you could travel into the past, there is something called the “grandfather paradox”. It asks what would happen if a time traveler were to go back in time and have his own grandfather killed for some reason, and therefore prevent himself from being born. If the time traveler wasn’t born, how would he travel back in time? And would you really like to visit the future? In H. G. Wells’ book, the main character travels into distant time where he arrives at a beach and is attacked by giant crabs. He then voyages 30 million years into the future where the only living thing is a black object with tentacles. If that’s what’s in store, maybe we are better just living in the present day after all. 1. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. The Time Machine is one of the bestselling science fiction novels. B. There are films, comic books and dramas adapted from the novel The Time Machine. C. Works of Literature about time travel first appeared one hundred years ago. D. It was H.G. Wells who invented the term “time machine”. 2. Einstein’s and Hawking’s theories ________. A. suggest the possibility of time travel B. have been proved wrong by some time travelers C. have similarities because both are based on experiments D. have pushed the invention of the first spaceship 3. In Paragraph 4, “grandfather paradox” probably refers to the idea that ________. A. the reunion of the traveler and his grandfather brings happiness B. the grandfather’s death makes the traveler’s birth impossible C. the traveler goes back in time to seek for his grandfather D. the traveler is prevented from meeting his grandfather 4. According to the passage what is probably the author’s attitude towards time travel? A. Indifferent. B. Supportive. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。人类一直对时间旅行很感兴趣。从理论上来说，且根据一些科幻书籍以及科学家所说，时间旅行是可以的。但是，从另一个角度而言，时间旅行未必是好事。因此作者认为我们还是生活在现在的好。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The term “time machine”, coined by Wells, is now universally referred to a vehicle transporting people into the far future.(“时光机”这个词是威尔斯创造的，现在被普遍用来指一种把人送到遥远未来的交通工具)”可知，D选项“是H. G. Wells发明了“时间机器”这个术语”正确。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“But could time travel actually be possible?(但是时间旅行实际上是可能的吗？)”，接下来举了爱因斯坦和霍金的例子“Einstein’s theory of relativity allows time travel in extreme conditions. And Stephen Hawking says you could travel into the future with a really fast spaceship, going at nearly the speed of light.(爱因斯坦的相对论允许在极端条件下进行时间旅行。斯蒂芬·霍金说，你可以乘坐一艘非常快的宇宙飞船，以接近光速的速度进入未来)”可知，霍金和爱因斯坦的理论表明了时间旅行的可能性。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Even if you could travel into the past, there is something called the “grandfather paradox”. It asks what would happen if a time traveler were to go back in time and have his own grandfather killed for some reason, and therefore prevent himself from being born. If the time traveler wasn’t born, how would he travel back in time?(即使你能穿越到过去，也存在所谓的“祖父悖论”。它问的是，如果一个时间旅行者回到过去，他的祖父因为某种原因被杀，从而阻止了自己的出生，会发生什么。如果时间旅行者没有出生，他怎么能回到过去呢？)”可知，“grandfather paradox”提出的观点就是：祖父死亡导致时间旅行者无法出生。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“If that’s what’s in store, maybe we are better just living in the present day after all.(如果这是未来可能发生的事，也许我们最好还是活在当下)”结合第四段提到“祖父悖论”使得时间旅行有可能不能实现；第五段以H.G.威尔斯的书为例，表明即使回到过去也有可能遭遇险境，可推知，作者对时间旅行持怀疑态度，故选C。 Passage 9 （24-25高一下·广东深圳·期中） When I first launched my business about 10 years ago and started working in Mexico, I noticed co-workers and friends greeting each other with a brief hug and a kiss on the cheek. So I started doing that too, as I believed it was the custom, until one day my business partner pulled me aside and said, “Can you stop hugging and kissing the receptionist every time you come into the office? I think it sends the wrong message.” I didn’t understand the culture well enough to appreciate the unwritten rules. Yet, as CEO of a fast-growing multi-national company, that’s exactly what I needed to learn — and fast. I not only wanted to stop sending the wrong message, but I wanted to start sending the right messages. I wanted to understand how to tap into the diverse aspects of Latino culture while staying true to the culture of my own country and business. Expanding to other geographies only increases the importance of sending the right messages that support a more open and diverse workforce. “As a CEO, it is important to learn some of the basic phrases in the native languages of your employees — it shows your respect for their culture.” Every culture has its own set of primary cultural drivers. In the U. S we tend to be driven by popularity, success and financial reward. Other regions’ drivers can include family pride or community contribution. By learning these drivers and how they impact your relationships, you can build trust truly within your company. For example, in Northern Ireland and Mexico, I learned that family units stay close together and often meet every week for a meal, and co-workers are occasionally invited to these family functions. While this is not a regular practice in the U. S., I found that joining these family meals was crucial for building trust with my colleagues. Over the years, I have learned to talk openly about these awkward aspects of culture and diversity. They need to be tackled head-on to come to a solution. By doing so, you can build trust and bridge large differences that lead to better productivity, higher levels of innovation, and a more enjoyable company culture that represents every culture that makes up your business. As leaders, it is our job to put these issues on the table and hammer through them sincerely --- no matter the cultural divide. 1. The author mentions hugging and kissing on the cheek to _________. A. demonstrate he/ she is integrated in Mexico B. provide an example of his misunderstanding C. support he/ she is fully aware of the custom D. compare body language in different cultures 2. What can we learn from the 4th paragraph? A. People in U. S bank on family functions. B. People in Mexico focus more on success. C. Cultural motivations vary with the country. D. Building trust mainly relies on socializing. 3. Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “hammer through” in the last paragraph? A. Deal with. B. Look forward to. C. Burn up. D. Be proud of. 4. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. What is cultural diversity? B. What is proper body language? C. How to send the right messages? D. How to build trust in a diverse culture? 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了自己在异国工作时，遇到了文化差异造成误解。他认识到作为领导应该学习并尊重员工们的本国文化。 1. 推理判断题。第二段首句“I didn’t understand the culture well enough to appreciate the unwritten rules. Yet, as CEO of a fast-growing multi-national company, that’s exactly what I needed to learn — and fast.(我不太了解那里的文化，无法欣赏那些不成文的规定。然而，作为一家快速发展的跨国公司的首席执行官，这正是我需要学习的——而且要快)”及第一段“So I started doing that too, as I believed it was the custom, until one day my business partner pulled me aside and said, ‘Can you stop hugging and kissing the receptionist every time you come into the office? I think it sends the wrong message.’（所以我也开始这样做，因为我相信这是一种习俗，直到有一天我的商业伙伴把我拉到一边说：‘你能不能不要每次来到公司就拥抱和亲吻接待员吗？我认为这在传递误的信息’）”可知，这篇文章主要讲作者认识到应该了解这个国家的文化，而第一段介绍自己和同事拥抱亲吻脸颊是举例证明由于自己不了解当地文化而发生了误会。故选 B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Every culture has its own set of primary cultural drivers. (每种文化都有自己的一套主要文化驱动因素)”可知，文化驱动因素是因国家不同而变化的，下文就是对此举例论证。故选C项。 3. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Over the years, I have learned to talk openly about these awkward aspects of culture and diversity. They need to be tackled head-on to come to a solution. By doing so, you can build trust and bridge large differences that lead to better productivity, higher levels of innovation, and a more enjoyable company culture that represents every culture that makes up your business.(多年来，我学会了公开谈论文化和多样性的这些棘手的问题。这些问题需要正面解决，才能找到解决办法。通过这样做，你可以建立信任，弥合巨大的差异，从而带来更好的生产力，更高水平的创新，以及一个更愉快的公司文化，代表了构成你业务的每种文化)”可知，作者认为文化差异问题应该正面解决，划线词前的“put these issues on the table(摆到桌面上)”也是这个意思，不能逃避，主动去面对去了解，才有能解决这些问题，划线词的宾语them指代前面issues，由此推测，该词的意思是“解决”与上文的“tackled”呼应。故选A项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“I didn’t understand the culture well enough to appreciate the unwritten rules. Yet, as CEO of a fast-growing multi-national company, that’s exactly what I needed to learn — and fast.(我不太了解那里的文化，无法欣赏那些不成文的规定。然而，作为一家快速发展的跨国公司的首席执行官，这正是我需要学习的——而且要快)”及最后一段“Over the years, I have learned to talk openly about these awkward aspects of culture and diversity. They need to be tackled head-on to come to a solution. By doing so, you can build trust and bridge large differences that lead to better productivity, higher levels of innovation, and a more enjoyable company culture that represents every culture that makes up your business. (多年来，我学会了公开谈论文化和多样性的这些棘手的问题。这些问题需要正面解决，才能找到解决办法。通过这样做，你可以建立信任，弥合巨大的差异，从而带来更好的生产力，更高水平的创新，以及一个更愉快的公司文化，代表了构成你业务的每种文化)”并结合全文可知，作者主要讲自己通过学习了解外国员工们的文化，解决文化差异带来的问题，从而在企业内部之间创建信任。所以短文的标题为 “如何在多元文化中建立信任？”。故选D项。 Passage 10 （23-24高一下·广东深圳·期中联考） Dr. Degenaar came into the lecture room on the first Friday morning of the term and asked us to write down our own understanding of the “soul”. Here was the “teacher” asking us what we thought — it was really an exciting experience. He was not telling us what he thought but asking us how we saw something. The following discussion was interesting. That was my first experience of real learning in a classroom. Almost 50 years have passed since that experience. Of the other lecturers who “taught” me during that year, I remember they “taught” me the history of Greek philosophy (哲学), but I remember little of that history and nothing of those lecturers. And most of what I remember about Greek philosophy is what I learned in Dr. Degenaar’s class, for my own interest. I took further courses with Dr. Degenaar in the following years. Lake the first class, there was little “lecturing” at us, but far more involvement (参与) of us all in a process of common discovery in which we learned a lot about each other and the key points of the day. The excitement of discovery stays with me. Then it took me almost another 20 years to get a deeper understanding of what had happened in that lecture hall: experiential learning. Traditionally, learners have been seen as “empty containers” waiting to be “filled” with learning given them by the teacher. The learner is, therefore, dependent on the teacher for what to think and how to think. Compliance (遵从) is rewarded and so independent and original thinking is not developed. In comparison, in experiential learning, the learner is encouraged to think for himself/herself not to repeat the thought patterns of the teacher. The learning happens not because of what a “teacher” or “lecturer” says but because of what the learner does. In this sense, I think this is the best way to learn and everyone should try it and learn from it. 1. Which word best describes the author’s first Greek philosophy class? A. Boring. B. Amazing. C. Confusing. D. Depressing. 2. Why does the author compare Dr. Degenaar and the other lecturers? A. To praise Dr. Degenaar’s attitude to his job. B. To stress Dr. Degenaar’s great influence on him. C. To point out Dr. Degenaar’s popularity among students. D. To show the author’s deep interest in Greek philosophy. 3. How does experiential learning differ from traditional learning? A. It has no specific learning places. B. It applies knowledge to medical care. C. It encourages independent thinking. D. It focuses more on the result of learning. 4. What is the text mainly about? A. A respected teacher. B. A favorite university lesson. C. The factors of experiential learning. D. An effective learning method. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者通过比较大学时代的教授希腊哲学课Degenaa博士的体验式学习法和其他讲师使用的“视学生为容器”的传统学习法，指出：体验式学习法鼓励学习者思考，是最好的学习方式。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“it was really an exciting experience(这真是一次令人兴奋的经历)”以及“The following discussion was interesting. That was my first experience of real learning in a classroom.(接下来的讨论很有趣。那是我第一次在课堂上真正的学习经历)”可知，作者认为他的第一堂希腊哲学课令人兴奋，很有趣，是作者第一次在课堂上真正的学习，这是一堂令作者惊奇的课。故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Almost 50 years have passed since that experience. Of the other lecturers who ‘taught’ me during that year, I remember they ‘taught’ me the history of Greek philosophy (哲学), but I remember little of that history and nothing of those lecturers. And most of what I remember about Greek philosophy is what I learned in Dr. Degenaar’s class, for my own interest.(那次经历已经过去近50年了。在那一年里‘教’我的其他讲师，我记得他们‘教’我希腊哲学史，但我对那段历史和那些讲师几乎没有印象。我对希腊哲学的大部分记忆都是我在Degenaar博士的课上学到的，出于我自己的兴趣)”可知，通过比较Degenaar博士和其他讲师的课，作者只对Degenaar博士的课记忆深刻，强调了Degenaar博士对他的巨大影响。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“In comparison, in experiential learning, the learner is encouraged to think for himself/herself not to repeat the thought patterns of the teacher.(相比之下，在体验式学习中，学习者被鼓励独立思考，而不是重复老师的思维模式)”可知，体验式学习不同于传统学习，这个学习方式鼓励学习者独立思考。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In comparison, in experiential learning, the learner is encouraged to think for himself/herself not to repeat the thought patterns of the teacher. The learning happens not because of what a ‘teacher’ or ‘lecturer’ says but because of what the learner does. In this sense, I think this is the best way to learn and everyone should try it and learn from it.(相比之下，在体验式学习中，学习者被鼓励独立思考，而不是重复老师的思维模式。学习的发生不是因为‘老师’或‘讲师’说了什么，而是因为学习者做了什么。从这个意义上说，我认为这是最好的学习方式，每个人都应该尝试并从中学习)”可知，作者通过比较Degenaar博士的体验式学习法和其他讲师使用的传统学习法，指出：体验式学习法鼓励学习者思考，是最好的学习方式，故本文主要是关于一种有效的学习方法。故选D。 Passage 11 （24-25高二上·广东茂名期中） When Jack, my husband, and I drove past a fire station with a sign reading, “Are you ready for the next storm?” Our area had just been in the path of Hurricane Irma, causing downed trees and outages. We were stuck in the dark and cut off from the outside world. We have had our share of storms in the past years — a snowstorm and other heavy snows that knocked down trees, sometimes up to a week at a time. Those days in a cold house weren’t fun, but we learned so much from those early storms, things that made later storms easier to bear. Now we have stored up flashlights, lanterns and candles. We bought a battery-operated radio to keep up with the news. We stocked up on batteries so that we’d have plenty for extended power failures. We make sure our grill (烤架) is ready and its tank is full, and we purchase food that can be easily prepared and then cooked or heated on the grill. And we don’t forget to buy emergency chocolate! We have book lights to read in the dark. We keep our car gas tanks full and have emergency cash on hand. We’re ready for the next storm, but we wouldn’t have learned to do all those things if we hadn’t encountered a storm in the past. The same is true spiritually. Those little storms in our lives are never fun, but they prepare us for the big storms — the big trials — that will come our way. They can teach us some valuable lessons. Are you ready for the next storm? Now is the time to get ready, not when the storm arrives. 1. Which can replace the underlined word “outages” in paragraph 1? A. Traffic accidents. B. Power failures. C. Natural disasters. D. Bad weather. 2. What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. The importance of storing up daily goods. B. The experience of dealing with housework. C. The items the author bought for her daily life. D. The preparations the author made for emergency. 3. What does the author think of experiencing the past storms? A. It was instructive. B. It was satisfactory. C. It was unbearable. D. It was destructive. 4. What can we learn from the author’s story? A. Strike while the iron is hot. B. Take precautions before it is too late. C. Kill two birds with one stone. D. Where there’s smoke, there’s fire. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B 【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者经历过暴风雨后就懂得要为下一次暴风雨做好准备。作者通过自身经历告诉我们要未雨绸缪，要为人生中出现的困境随时做好准备。 1. 词句猜测题。根据划线词前一句提到“Our area had just been in the path of Hurricane Irma, causing downed trees (我们所在的地区刚刚在飓风厄玛的路径中，这导致树木倒塌)”及后一句提到“We were stuck in the dark and cut off from the outside world.( 我们被困在黑暗中，与外界隔绝)”可知，作者和丈夫所在的地区刚刚受到飓风厄玛的袭击，导致树木倒下，他们被困在黑暗中，与外界失去联系。由“stuck in the dark”可推知，划线词outages是指“电力中断”，与power failures意思接近。故选B。 2. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Now we have stored up flashlights, lanterns and candles. We bought a battery-operated radio to keep up with the news. We stocked up on batteries so that we’d have plenty for extended power failures. We make sure our grill (烤架) is ready and its tank is full, and we purchase food that can be easily prepared and then cooked or heated on the grill. And we don’t forget to buy emergency chocolate! We have book lights to read in the dark. We keep our car gas tanks full and have emergency cash on hand. (现在我们已经储存了手电筒、灯笼和蜡烛。 我们买了一台电池供电的收音机来收听新闻。 我们储备了电池，以便我们有足够的时间来应对长时间的电源故障。 我们确保我们的烤架已经准备好并且它的水箱是满的，我们购买的食物可以很容易地准备好，然后在烤架上烹饪或加热。 我们不要忘记购买紧急巧克力！ 我们有书灯可以在黑暗中阅读。 我们将汽车油箱装满，并备有应急现金)”可知，经历了以前的暴风雨之后，作者随时准备了照明用的东西、电池，还有烤架、食物，汽车油箱也加满了油，手头还有应急现金。由此可知，第三段主要讲述了作者为以后的暴风雨所做的准备。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“but we wouldn’t have learned to do all those things if we hadn’t encountered a storm in the past. (但如果我们过去没有遇到风暴，我们就不会学会做所有这些事情)”以及“They can teach us some valuable lessons. (他们可以教给我们一些宝贵的经验)”可推知，作者认为曾经经历过的暴风雨对他们是有益的。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Now is the time to get ready, not when the storm arrives. (现在就是做好准备的时候了，而不是等到暴风雨来临的时候)”可推知，作者认为现在要为以后的暴风雨做准备，而不是当暴风雨来临的时候才准备。由此推知，作者的故事告诉我们一定要未雨绸缪。故选B。 Passage 12 （24-25高一下·广东江门·期中） Do you want to look fashionable? Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable? Many people seem to think so, judging by the things they wear. But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person. People go to great lengths to be fashionable. Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so they go on extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies. In addition, many women wear uncomfortable fashions, such as high-heeled shoes that cause pain to their feet and tight body shapers that limit blood flow. Men and women alike spend time and money on products that change their natural hair colour or hairstyle. Some people even spend several hours a day in front of a mirror. Is fashion important enough to spend so much time and effort on changing what they look like? If the purpose of fashion is to make a person feel good, it does not make sense that he or she would go through so much discomfort to be fashionable. Fashion should not come first. People should put their healthy and positive image in the first place. What people wear does not say anything about their personalities. Instead of spending hours choosing a suit, perhaps you should call your friends and do something together, such as playing soccer or badminton. Instead of going on strict diets and forcing yourself to stay hungry, why not eat some healthy foods and then exercise? By doing these things, you can keep a healthy lifestyle and truly grow as a person. 1. What is the author’s attitude to people’s putting fashion above health? A. Curious. B. Unsupportive. C. Encouraging. D. Unclear. 2. Which statement best represents the author’s viewpoint? A. Fashion can make people do some unhealthy things. B. Fashion increases famous people’s self-respect. C. When you look good, you feel good. D. People need to diet to lose weight. 3. Which of the following activities would the author most likely recommend? A. Shopping for fashionable clothes. B. Starting a new diet with a friend. C. Going skating with friends. D. Changing the hairstyle every week. 4. The author’s main purpose in writing the text is to ________. A. show readers advantages and disadvantages of dieting B. persuade readers to value health more than fashion C. tell readers ways to become fashionable D. inform readers of the latest fashion trends 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨的是人们在追求时尚的过程中应保持理性和健康的态度，不要过分牺牲自己的健康和舒适来迎合时尚潮流。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“But fashion is not everything. It is more important to be a healthy and good person.(但时尚不是一切。做一个健康善良的人更重要。)”和最后一段“Fashion should not come first. People should put their healthy and positive image in the first place.(时尚不应该是第一位的。人们应该把自己的健康和积极的形象放在第一位。)”可知，作者对人们把时尚置于健康之上的态度是不支持的，故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据第二段“People go to great lengths to be fashionable. Some people think they have to have a certain body type, so they go on extreme, unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies.  In addition, many women wear uncomfortable fashions, such as high-heeled shoes that cause pain to their feet and tight body shapers that limit blood flow.(人们不遗余力地追求时尚。有些人认为他们必须有某种体型，所以他们采取极端的、不健康的饮食来改变他们的身体。此外，许多女性穿着不舒服的时装，比如高跟鞋会导致脚痛，紧身塑身衣会限制血液流动。)”可知，最能代表作者的观点的是A选项“Fashion can make people do some unhealthy things.(时尚可以使人们做一些不健康的事情。)”，故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Instead of spending hours choosing a suit, perhaps you should call your friends and do something together, such as playing soccer or badminton. Instead of going on strict diets and forcing yourself to stay hungry, why not eat some healthy foods and then exercise? By doing these things, you can keep a healthy lifestyle and truly grow as a person.(与其花几个小时挑选西装，不如打电话给朋友，一起做点什么，比如踢足球或打羽毛球。与其严格控制饮食，强迫自己保持饥饿，为什么不吃一些健康的食物，然后锻炼呢？通过做这些事情，你可以保持健康的生活方式，真正成长为一个人。)”可知，作者最可能推荐的活动是和朋友一起滑冰。故选C。 4. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“Fashion should not come first. People should put their healthy and positive image in the first place.(时尚不应该是第一位的。人们应该把自己的健康和积极的形象放在第一位。)”可知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是说服读者重视健康甚于时尚。故选B。 Passage 13 （24-25高一下·浙江丽水·期中） In this digital age, information is increasingly digitized through the wide use of technology. Newspapers, magazines and even textbooks are becoming or expected to be digital soon. However, despite the sharp increase of such technology in daily life, print media is far from becoming unnecessary. I don’t think that reading in print is a dying mode. Firstly, print offers a super reading experience. The feeling of holding a book in our hands, feeling its weight and turning over its pages, helps us to be immersed in and engaged fully with the material. The act of turning over pages also helps to direct ourselves in the concepts and structure of the text. In contrast, reading through a number of pages on a device is unsatisfying, and we can lose track of how much we have read. In addition, the artificial glow of digital screens tires one’s eyes out, and can even affect one’s sleep. Moreover, physical copies express greater aesthetic (审美的) beauty than digital ones. The designs that beautify book covers and spines make the ideas complete and add beauty to our homes as well. The wrinkles that have accumulated over time leave us with an emotional attachment to the books themselves. Furthermore, the presentation of content in print also allows for greater appreciation of imagery (意象). In contrast to the restrictions of digital screens, the tangible (可触摸的) nature of print allows for clear imagery that is clear and impactful in its presence. Advocates of digital print support the convenience of the medium. Indeed, e-readers  provide a convenient solution to storage and transportation. However, this carries its own weaknesses as well. For one, the use of digital media requires the investment in a smart device. For another, taking notes on the printed text is easier. In conclusion, despite the conveniences afforded by digital media, physical print still remains a popular mode of reading today. The “less is more” nature of print media remains its strongest selling point today. 1. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 2? A. Too much digital reading will not influence our health. B. Turning over pages helps to completely understand the texts. C. Reading in print offers readers full engagement with materials. D. Readers can exactly know how much they have read by digital reading. 2. Where does the greater aesthetic beauty of physical copies lie? A. A clear imagery. B. Abundant ideas. C. Emotional dependence. D. Convenience of transportation. 3. What’s the main purpose of the text? A. To popularize two types of reading modes. B. To persuade people to enjoy digital reading. C. To inform people of a new trend in reading. D. To argue why reading in print will not disappear. 4. The author states the opinion by _________. A. using examples B. making a comparison C. asking and answering questions D. analyzing causes and effects 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了在这个数字时代，纸质阅读并不会消亡，并介绍了与电子阅读相比，纸质阅读的优势。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“The feeling of holding a book in our hands, feeling its weight and turning over its pages, helps us to be immersed in and engaged fully with the material.”（手捧一本书的感觉，感受它的重量和翻阅它的书页，帮助我们完全沉浸在材料中并与之充分接触。）可知，阅读印刷品可以帮助我们完全沉浸在材料中并与之充分接触，由此可知，“阅读印刷品可以让读者充分接触材料。”这一选项是正确的。故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Furthermore, the presentation of content in print also allows for greater appreciation of imagery (意象). In contrast to the restrictions of digital screens, the tangible (可触摸的) nature of print allows for clear imagery that is clear and impactful in its presence.”（此外，印刷品内容的呈现还可以更好地欣赏图像。与数字屏幕的限制形成对比的是，印刷品的有形本质允许清晰的图像，在其中出现时清晰而有影响力。）可知，实物复制品更大的审美意义在于允许清晰的图像存在，可以让读者更好地欣赏图像，由此可知，实物复制品更大的审美意义在于清晰的图像。故选A项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“However, despite the sharp increase of such technology in daily life, print media is far from becoming unnecessary. I don’t think that reading in print is a dying mode.”（然而，尽管这类技术在日常生活中急剧增加，但印刷媒体远没有变得没有必要。我不认为阅读印刷品是一种消亡的模式。）、第二段关键句“Firstly, print offers a super reading experience.”（首先，印刷品提供了一种超级阅读体验。）和第三段关键句“Moreover, physical copies express greater aesthetic (审美的) beauty than digital ones.”（此外，实物复制品比数字复制品表现出更大的审美意义。）可知，文章主要告诉人们为什么印刷品阅读不会消失，并列举了印刷品阅读不会消失的原因，例如提供了一种超级阅读体验和表现出更大的审美意义，由此可知，文章的主要目的是讨论为什么印刷品阅读不会消失。故选D项。 4. 推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“The act of turning over pages also helps to direct ourselves in the concepts and structure of the text. In contrast, reading through a number of pages on a device is unsatisfying, and we can lose track of how much we have read.”（翻页的行为也有助于引导我们了解文本的概念和结构。相比之下，在一台设备上阅读大量页面并不令人满意，我们可能会忘记自己读了多少。）和第三段关键句“In contrast to the restrictions of digital screens, the tangible (可触摸的) nature of print allows for clear imagery that is clear and impactful in its presence.”（与数字屏幕的限制形成对比的是，印刷品的有形本质允许清晰的图像，在其中出现时清晰而有影响力。）可知，作者通过将纸质阅读和在电子设备上阅读进行了对比，进而说明纸质阅读的好处，由此可知，作者通过比较阐述了自己的观点。故选B项。 Passage 14 （23-24高一下·湖北·期中） I remember that a rapper on television once said, “If it feels good, do it.” From schools to workplaces, we are told that ordinary negative (负面的) emotions and experiences—fear of failure or sadness over a breakup, maybe — should be treated or removed. Feeling bad is bad. This is wrong, as was the rapper’s motto. I don’t believe that eradicating bad feelings is the path to a good life. We have an opportunity here to judge the benefits of negative emotions and experiences instead of trying to push them away. Negative emotions exist to keep us safe. The main negative emotions include sadness, anger, fear and disgust (厌恶). We experienced them in an unconscious way in response to environmental stimuli (刺激). You never say to yourself, Hey, I think I’ll feel afraid now—you just feel it and react with fight or flight, which can save your life. Disgust similarly warns us unconsciously of potential illness. Negative emotions can also make us more effective in our day-to-day activities. In an article in the journal Psychological Review, two evolutionary psychologists argue that sadness—and even depression—have existed in the face of evolution (进化) because they bring cognitive benefits. Sadness can make us more productive at work by improving focus and helping us learn from mistakes. This is how failure, by means of the resulting negative emotions, can help lead to later success. Finally, negative emotions make us stronger for when there is a true emergency. Research shows that “stress vaccination training” — in which people learn to cope with anger, fear and anxiety by being brought up to stimuli that cause these feelings — is effective in creating emotional toughness. In sum, if we want a life full of deep meaning, true love, and emotional strength, it’s going to involve the risk of discomfort, fight and loss. This means there will be sadness, fear, anger and disgust. If we remove negative emotions and experiences from our lives, we will be poorer and weaker for having done so. 1. How does the author introduce the topic? A. By showing a social phenomenon. B. By explaining a specific concept. C. By creating a related situation. D. By stating a common belief. 2. What is the meaning of the underlined word “eradicating” in Para. 2? A. Stirring up. B. Focusing on. C. Getting rid of. D. Keeping track of. 3. According to the author, why is failure the mother of success? A. Negative emotions help us work effectively. B. Negative emotions give us stronger hearts. C. Failure gives us a true sense of crisis. D. Failure results from mistakes. 4. Which is this passage mainly about? A. Why feeling bad is bad. B. How to achieve a meaningful life. C. How to deal with negative emotions. D. Why negative emotions are necessary. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A 4. D 【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要通过论述负面情绪的重要性和必要性，来表达作者对于人们应该如何理解和处理负面情绪的观点。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“I remember that a rapper on television once said, “If it feels good, do it.” From schools to workplaces, we are told that ordinary negative (负面的) emotions and experiences—fear of failure or sadness over a breakup, maybe—should be treated or removed. Feeling bad is bad.(我记得一个说唱歌手曾经在电视上说过：“如果感觉很好，就去做。”从学校到工作场所，我们都被告知，普通的负面情绪和经历——对失败的恐惧或对分手的悲伤——应该得到治疗或消除。感觉不好就是不好)”可知，作者通过介绍社会上普遍存在的现象来引入主题。故选A项。 2. 词句猜测题。根据后文“We have an opportunity here to judge the benefits of negative emotions and experiences instead of trying to push them away.(我们有机会评估负面情绪和经历带来的好处，而不是试图把它们推开)”可知，作者不认为推开不良情绪是通往美好生活的道路，推知eradicating是“推开，消除”之意，和C项意思相近。故选C项。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Sadness can make us more productive at work by improving focus and helping us learn from mistakes. This is how failure, by means of the resulting negative emotions, can help lead to later success.(悲伤可以提高我们的注意力，帮助我们从错误中吸取教训，从而提高工作效率。这就是失败，通过由此产生的负面情绪，可以帮助我们走向后来的成功)”可知，作者认为消极情绪帮助我们更有效地工作，所以失败是成功之母。故选A项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“This is wrong, as was the rapper’s motto. I don’t believe that eradicating bad feelings is the path to a good life. We have an opportunity here to judge the benefits of negative emotions and experiences instead of trying to push them away.(这是错误的，这是说唱歌手的座右铭。我不相信消除不良情绪是通往美好生活的道路。在这里，我们有机会判断负面情绪和经历的好处，而不是试图将它们推开)”以及最后一段“In sum, if we want a life full of deep meaning, true love, and emotional strength, it’s going to involve the risk of discomfort, fight and loss. This means there will be sadness, fear, anger and disgust. If we remove negative emotions and experiences from our lives, we will be poorer and weaker for having done so.(总之，如果我们想要一个充满深刻意义，真爱和情感力量的生活，它将涉及到不适，斗争和损失的风险。这意味着会有悲伤、恐惧、愤怒和厌恶。如果我们从生活中去除负面情绪和经历，我们会因此变得更穷、更弱)”可知，本文主要讲述负面情绪的重要性和必要性，也就是为什么消极情绪是必要的。故选D项。 Passage 15 （23-24学年高一下·福建省福州期中） Fifteen years ago, I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy. After climbing up a hill for a panoramic (全景的) view of the blue sea, white buildings and green olive trees, I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama. Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view. Patient as I was, after about 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape? Sure, I could have asked her, but something prevented me from doing so. She seemed so content in her observation. I didn’t want to mess with that. Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored. The woman was still there. I decided to take the photo anyway. And now when I look at it, I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful on its own, somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it. This photo, with the unique beauty that unfolded before me and that woman who “ruined” it, now hangs on a wall in my bedroom. What would she think if she knew that her figure is captured (捕捉) and frozen on some stranger’s bedroom wall? A bedroom, after all, is a very private space, in which some woman I don’t even know has been immortalized (使……永存). In some ways, she lives in my house. Perhaps we all live in each other’s spaces. Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us. That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass. 1. What happened when the author was about to take a photo? A. Her camera stopped working. B. A woman blocked her view. C. Someone asked her to leave. D. A friend approached from behind. 2. According to the author, the woman was probably _________. A. enjoying herself B. losing her patience C. waiting for the sunset D. thinking about her past 3. The photo on the bedroom wall enables the author to better understand ________. A. the need to be close to nature B. the importance of private space C. the joy of the vacation in Italy D. the shared passion for beauty 4. The passage can be seen as the author’s reflections upon ________. A. a particular life experience B. the pleasure of traveling C. the art of photography D. a lost friendship 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在我的一次旅途中我发现了一个非常值得拍摄的美景，就在我即将拍摄之际镜头中出现了一个“破坏”风景的女人身影。万般无奈苦苦等待后这张照片中还是留下了她的身影，却有了意想不到的效果。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Unfortunately, just as I took out my camera, a woman approached from behind, and planted herself right in front of my view. (不幸的是，就在我拿出相机的时候，一个女人从后面走过来，正好挡住了我的视线。)”可知，就在我即将拍摄之际，一位妇女挡住了我的视线。故选B项。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话“Like me, this woman was here to stop, sigh and appreciate the view. (和我一样，这位女士来这里是为了停下来，叹气，欣赏风景。)”可知，和作者一样，她也是在这儿停下来喘口气，欣赏美景。故选A项。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Perhaps this is what photos are for: to remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a common desire for pleasure, for connection, for something that is greater than us. (也许这就是照片的意义所在：提醒我们都欣赏美，我们都有一个共同的欲望，那就是追求快乐，追求联系，追求比我们更伟大的东西。)”可知，卧室墙上的照片使作者能够更好地理解对美的共同热情。故选D项。 4. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段“That photo is a reminder, a captured moment, an unspoken conversation between two women, separated only by a thin square of glass. (那张照片是一个提醒，是一个被捕捉到的时刻，是两个女人之间无声的对话，她们之间只隔着一块薄薄的方形玻璃。)”可知，作者在意大利游玩时，拍摄了一张有趣的照片，这张挂在卧室里的照片让作者有了一些启发。由此推断出作者的启发来自生活中的一次特别的经历。故选A项。 Passage 16 （23-24高二下·四川眉山·期中） Life is hard－even harder than anyone thought it would be. When you were younger, you dreamed of the world being your playground, and you were told that you could do anything and be anyone you wanted. Somehow, though, things haven’t been the smooth sailing that  you wanted them to be. The world seems to go against you, and the last thing you want to hear is “Cheer up!” Still, there’s a couple of things you might not notice about your situation. Next time you’re down, maybe the following will provide motivation. Firstly, not everything is bad. It’s a well-accepted fact that bad news makes for sensational (极好的) television ratings. The fact is that something negative catches a lot more attention than something positive, and that’s because it’s easy to see things in a negative light. However, that shouldn’t distract you from the bigger picture. Resist the tunnel vision that results from constant negativity. Remember that even though there’s lots of really nasty stuff going on, you’re surrounded by some pretty awesome stuff as well. You should also remember other people aren’t you. No one likes being compared to another person. What makes it even worse, if that’s even possible, is when you do it to yourself. Stop comparing yourself to another person and you’ll realize that you’re much more awesome than you give yourself credit for. Lastly, failure isn’t where the game stops. So you tried something new, but you didn’t follow through. Frustrated at yourself, you stop trying. As a result, your quality of life goes down terribly. You’ve given up on it, though, because you don’t see the point (since you failed the first time). Now, you’re an adult. The things you are trying are much more complicated than five-year-old you. However, your behaviour shouldn’t change in the slightest－when you fail in something, that’s just more information in your data bank. You know that method doesn’t work, so try another one! And another one after that! Do this until you figure it out. Giving up is for losers, and you sure aren’t one of those. 1. The author mentioned bad news in order to show that ______ . A. bad news makes people see things in a negative light B. bad news is more likely to catch people’s eyes C. bad news attracts people to see positive things D. bad news has a negative effect on television ratings 2. What does the underlined part “nasty stuff” in Para. 4 probably mean? A. Unstable emotions. B. Important events. C. Amazing incidents . D. Something unpleasant. 3. How should we view failure according to the passage? A. We will change our behaviour. B. We will keep trying the old method. C. We should learn from failure. D. We should think in a more complicated way. 4. What is the passage mainly about? A. It inspires us to learn from negative experiences. B. It compares negative and positive experiences. C. It criticizes those who are affected by bad experiences. D. It discusses how negative experiences affect others. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者认为我们面对不好的事情不应该沮丧或放弃，而是应该把这当作学习的机会。 1. 推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“The fact is that something negative catches a lot more attention than something positive, and that’s because it’s easy to see things in a negative light.(事实是，消极的东西比积极的东西吸引更多的注意力，这是因为人们很容易从消极的角度看待事物。)”可知，作者提到坏消息是为了说明坏消息更容易吸引人们的眼球。故选B。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第四段第二句中的“you’re surrounded by some pretty awesome stuff as well(你周围也有很多很棒的东西)”和even though可知，此处是指即使有很多让人不愉快的事情，所以nasty stuff意为“让人不愉快的事情”。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据第八段第三句到第六句“However, your behaviour shouldn’t change in the slightest－when you fail in something, that’s just more information in your data bank. You know that method doesn’t work, so try another one! And another one after that! Do this until you figure it out.(然而，你的行为不应该有丝毫改变——当你在某件事上失败时，这只是给你的数据库增加更多信息。你知道了那个方法不管用，那就试试另一个吧！再来一个！就这样做，直到你弄清楚为止。)”可知，我们应该从失败中学习。故选C。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Still, there’s a couple of things you might not notice about your situation. Next time you’re down, maybe the following will provide motivation.(不过，在你的处境中，有几件事你可能没有注意到。下次你沮丧的时候，也许下面的建议会给你动力。)”，第三段第一句“Firstly, not everything is bad(首先，并非所有事情都是坏的)”，最后一句“However, that shouldn’t distract you from the bigger picture.(然而，这不应该分散你对大局的关注。)”和最后一段“Now, you’re an adult. The things you are trying are much more complicated than five-year-old you. However, your behaviour shouldn’t change in the slightest－when you fail in something, that’s just more information in your data bank. You know that method doesn’t work, so try another one! And another one after that! Do this until you figure it out. Giving up is for losers, and you sure aren’t one of those.(现在，你是成年人了。你正在尝试的事情比5岁的你要复杂得多。然而，你的行为不应该有丝毫改变——当你在某件事上失败时，这只是给你的数据库增加更多信息。你知道了那个方法不管用，那就试试另一个吧！再来一个！就这样做，直到你弄清楚为止。只有失败者才会放弃，而你肯定不是那种人。)”可知，文章主要是为了激励我们从消极的经历中学习。故选A。 Passage 17 （23-24高一下·浙江温州·期中） Do you like traveling? Many people choose backpacking (背着背包徒步旅行) because it not only helps save a lot of money, but also gives them another kind of experience. When you are planning a backpacking adventure, the first thing to do in your opinion may be the decision on the places where you will visit. However, it is not the most important thing. Great adventures will make you face great danger. So you should not only imagine the enjoyment you will have on the trip, but also think about the possible danger you might face. Making travel insurance (保险) is the most staple. It can make sure that you stay safe on the trip. So you should buy a backpacker travel insurance policy (保险单) before you leave. Backpacker policies are specially designed to meet your needs by offering a high level of cover for a long time of travel. You can buy a backpacker policy from one week to two years or longer time. The backpacker insurance policy covers many activities such as swim and ski, and provides protection for these activities. So buying a backpacker travel insurance policy is very important. It is a good idea to compare a few insurance companies before you make a decision. You should always carefully check the backpacker policy and make sure the activities you want to do are all covered by the policy. 1. The passage can interest the man who _________. A. plans to go for a backpacking. B. runs a company selling sports clothes. C. wants to become a tour guide in the future. D. is too busy to have a few days off. 2. The underlined word “staple” in the second paragraph may mean “_________”. A. very reasonable. B. very difficult. C. very important. D. very interesting. 3. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Backpacking insurance policies may cover sports protection. B. We should find a good tour guide when backpacking. C. We should take part in some activities such as swim and ski. D. A lot of people want to spend some time backpacking. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards backpacking insurance? A. Cautions. B. Critical. C. subjective. D. Objective. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. A 4. D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述了作者对购买背包客旅行保险单的看法。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Do you like traveling? Many people choose backpacking (背着背包徒步旅行) because it not only helps save a lot of money, but also gives them another kind of experience.”（你喜欢旅游吗？许多人选择背包旅行，因为它不仅可以节省很多钱，而且还能给他们另一种体验。）可推知，这篇文章能引起打算去背包旅行的人的兴趣。故选A项。 2. 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“It can make sure that you stay safe on the trip. So you should buy a backpacker travel insurance policy (保险单) before you leave.”（它可以确保你在旅途中保持安全。所以你应该在出发前买一份背包客旅行保险。）以及“So buying a backpacker travel insurance policy is very important.”（所以买一份背包客旅行保险是非常重要的。）由此可知，这一段讲述购买背包客旅行保险非常重要。故可猜测划线单词staple为“重要的”的意思，结合选项C项very important“非常重要的”意思一致。故选C项。 3. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“The backpacker insurance policy covers many activities such as swim and ski, and provides protection for these activities.”（背包客保险政策包括许多活动，如游泳和滑雪，并为这些活动提供保护。）可推知，背包客保险政策可能包括运动保护。故选A项。 4. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“So buying a backpacker travel insurance policy is very important.”（所以买一份背包客旅行保险是非常重要的。）和最后一段“It is a good idea to compare a few insurance companies before you make a decision. You should always carefully check the backpacker policy and make sure the activities you want to do are all covered by the policy.”（在你做决定之前，比较几家保险公司是一个好主意。你应该仔细检查背包客政策，确保你想做的活动都在政策范围内。）可推知，作者对背包保险的态度是客观的。故选D项。 Passage 18 （23-24学年高一下·浙江省浙大附中期中） Do you want to live another 100 years or more? Do you want to live never to die? Some experts say, it will not be a dream one day. Modern technology will make it come true. Man will live more years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life. “I think we are knocking at the door of immortality,” said Michael, a professor and author of two books on human life expectancy. “I think by 2075 we will see it and it’s no longer a dream. Humans’ life expectancy may have no limit.” At the meeting in San Francisco, Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School said advances in using genes as well as other technology make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past. “There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years,” he said. “Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 300 or 500 years.” However, many scientists are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last more than about 120 years. Even with healthier lifestyles and less disease, they say failure of the brain and other parts of the body will finally lead all humans to death. Scientists also hold different opinions on what kind of life man might live. “If you pass 120, you know, could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life? It’s a big question,” said Leonard Poon, director of the university centre. “At present people who could get to that point are not in good health at all.” 1. What does the underlined word in the second paragraph probably mean? A. Dying slowly. B. Living longer. C. Living forever. D. Dying quickly. 2. What is Donald’s attitude? A. Human beings may never die in the future. B. It is not certain how long humans can live. C. The human body can last about 120 years. D. It is possible for man to live longer in the future. 3. What does the phrase “get to that point” mean in the last sentence? A. Get that idea. B. Get to 120 years old. C. Know how to live forever. D. Have good quality of life. 4. What would be the best title for this text? A. Living longer or not B. Science and long living C. No limit for human life D. Healthy lifestyle and living 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述的是科学家研究人类是否能够活得更久更健康，以及不同的人对此问题的不同反应。 1. 词义猜测题。根据画线单词下文“Humans’ life expectancy may have no limit.(人类的预期寿命可能没有限制。)”可知，Michael认为人类的预期寿命可能没有限制，结合画线单词所在句子“I think we are knocking at the door of immortality(我想我们正在敲响immortality之门)”可推知，Michael认为人类的预期寿命可能没有限制，即我们人类正在敲响永生之门。由此可知，画线词与living forever(永生)意思相近。故选C。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“‘There is a great push so that people can live from 120 to 180 years,’ he said. ‘Some have suggested that there is no limit and that people could live to 300 or 500 years.’(“这是一个巨大的推动，使人们可以活到120至180岁，”他说，“有些人认为没有极限，人可以活到300或500岁。”)”可推知，Donald认为人类能活得更久是有可能的。故选D。 3. 词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“If you pass120, you know, could you be healthy enough to have good quality of life? It’s a big question, (如果你活得超过120岁，你知道，你能够健康到拥有良好的生活质量吗？这是个大问题)”可知，超过120岁时，能否健康到拥有良好的生活质量，这是个大问题，结合最后一句话“At present people who could get to that point are not in good health at all.(目前，能达到这一水平的人身体状况一点也不好。)”可知，get to that point指的是上文提到的“活到120岁”。故选B。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容“Do you want to live another 100 years or more? Do you want to live never to die? Some experts say, it will not be a dream one day. Modern technology will make it come true. Man will live more years beyond what is now seen as the natural limit of the human life.(你想再活100年还是更久？你想活到永远吗？一些专家说，总有一天这将不再是一个梦想。现代科技将使之成为现实。人类的寿命将比现在所认为的人类生命的自然极限长得多。)”及下文不同的人对此问题的不同反应可知，本文讨论的主要是人类在未来是否可以活得更久一点。由此可知，“Living longer or not (能否活得更长)”适合做本文最佳标题。故选A。 Passage 19 （20-21高一下·浙江宁波·期中） You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim (受害者) or a creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing (内化) your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others. Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choices in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth. Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺) in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others---and even themselves---to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have the choice to determine the direction of their lives. In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life. In every moment and every situation, you can choose to have a fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are. 1. According to Paragraph 2, creators ________. A. handle ups and downs of life wisely B. possess the ability to predict future life C. seem willing to experience failure in life D. have the potential to create something new 2. The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that ________. A. people may become victims if they care too much about sufferings B. people need family support to deal with challenges in life C. it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains D. one’s experiences determine his attitude towards life 3. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A. To define victims and creators. B. To evaluate victims against creators. C. To explain the relationship between victims and creators. D. To suggest the transformation from victims to creators. 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. D 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了两种截然不同的人，一种是消极悲观怨天尤人的“受害者”，另一种是积极主动主宰自己命运的“缔造者”。在挫折面前他们表现出不同的态度，作者建议人们要转变心态，从命运的“受害者”变成自己命运的主宰者。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don't let this get in the way. They believe their dance with each sacred moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth. (他们知道有些人可能想控制他们的生活，但他们不会让这成为障碍。他们相信他们与生命中每一个神圣时刻共舞是一份礼物，风暴是生命的自然组成部分，它可以带来情感和精神成长所需的雨水)”可知，“创造者”认为人生中的每一刻都是珍贵的，生活中的“风暴”和起伏是人生正常的组成部分，而且有助于人精神和情感的成长，所以“创造者”可以明智地处理应对人生的起伏，故选A项。 2. 推理判断题。第四段开头“In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. (事实上，我们每个人在生活的不同阶段都扮演着“受害者”或“缔造者”的角色)”是本段主题句，此后的例子是来解释说明这个主题的。再根据此段的例子 “One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. (一个人，在失去一份工作或一段特殊的关系时，可能会觉得好像是世界末日，陷入可怕的痛苦数月，数年，甚至一生) ”可知，这个事例表明人们面对生活中的不如意时，如果过度沉溺于痛苦，太在意痛苦，他们可能会成 为生活中的“受害者”，故选A项。 3. 推理判断题。第一段开头“You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim (受害者) or a creator. (你在生活中被给予了很多选择成为“受害者”或“创造者”的机会)”提出本文主题是关于选择做生活中的“受害者”还是“创造者”的。接下来段落介绍了 “受害者”和“创造者”两种人对待挫折困境的不同态度，不同做法，来论证到底该如何选择。最后一段作者得出结论“In every moment and every situation, you can choose to have a fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are. (在每一刻、每一种情况下，你都可以选择拥有更充实、更丰富的生活，方法是设定一个明确的意图来改变内心的“受害者”，并邀请你自己这个强大的“缔造者”进入你的生活)”，所以，通过这些论证，作者目的是告诉我们要改变内在 的“受害者”，选择成为强大的“缔造者”，故选D项。 Passage 20 （24-25高二下·湖北武汉·期中） Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hate and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged (不和的) accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical perspective, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, in real situations, develops with practice. 1. How does Droll think of forgivers according to the early paper? A. They can be really powerful. B. They deserve others’ respect. C. They are acting out of kindness D. They might get themselves hurt. 2. What does the example in Paragraph 3 illustrate? A. To fight is to grow. B. To give is to receive. C. To forgive is to punish. D. To dominate is to harm. 3. What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness? A. Critical. B. Unclear. C. Favorable. D. Objective. 4. What does the last paragraph suggest about how forgiveness develops? A. Forgiveness improves with practice. B. Forgiveness happens easily with time. C. Forgiveness is practical and automatic. D. Forgiveness comes from social experiences. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 4. A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。针对“宽恕是否违背人类本性”这一话题，文章陈述了两种截然相反的观点，并指出宽恕的作用和意义。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Those who forgive are against their basic nature much to their harm. (那些原谅的人违背了他们的基本本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害。)”可知，Droll认为宽恕者可能会伤害自己。故选D。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? (即使是常识也强烈表明，支配他人的意愿不利于促成和谐交流。例如，奴隶制作为一种社会和谐模式的效果如何？)”可知，作者举奴隶制的例子是为了说明前面的观点：支配他人的意愿不利于促成和谐交流，由此可推测出，支配会造成伤害。故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hate and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. (从作为人类我们是谁的第二种观点来看，宽恕在个人和社区的生物和心理完整性中起着关键作用，因为科学研究表明，宽恕的结果之一是减少仇恨和恢复和谐。宽恕可以打破愤怒的循环。至少在某种程度上，与你疏远的人接受了你的爱和宽恕，并准备做出必要的调整。宽恕可以治愈关系，重新连接人们。)”可知，作者认为宽恕在个人和社区的生物和心理完整性中起着关键作用，有助于减少仇恨并恢复和谐，重新建立关系，由此可推测出，作者对宽恕持支持态度。故选C。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The actuality of forgiving, in real situations, develops with practice. (在现实情况下，宽恕的现实性是随着实践而发展的。)”可知，作者认为宽恕随着实践而发展。故选A。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$