U1 Period Ⅴ Extended reading & Other parts-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（译林版）

必修第三册 UNIT 1　Nature in the balance Period Ⅴ Extended reading & Other parts 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 关键能力 互动探究 课堂检测 素养达标 课时作业 巩固提升 精读课文 理解语篇 精读课文 理解语篇 教材原文助读2 News that Matters：pollution in Norgate HOST：Good evening and welcome to News that Matters.Our topic today is pollution in Norgate.Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith，a local resident①； Vincent Brown，senior manager of a local factory； and Julie Archer，chief② of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee③.[1] Welcome. [1]此句主语为James Smith，a local resident； Vincent Brown，senior manager of a local factory； and Julie Archer，chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee，因为主语较长，为平衡句子结构，将表语提前，构成倒装句式。 ①resident /ˈrezɪdənt/ n.居民，住户 ②chief /tʃiːf/ n.首领，最高领导人 adj.主要的；首席的 ③committee /kəˈmɪti/ n.委员会 《焦点新闻》：诺盖特的污染 主持人：晚上好，欢迎来到《焦点新闻》。我们今天的话题是诺盖特的污染。今晚来到我们广播室的有当地居民詹姆斯·史密斯、当地一家工厂的高级经理文森特·布朗以及诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉·阿彻。欢迎。 　　Norgate’s rapid development has had significant environmental costs.Mr.Smith，you’ve lived in this city for over 20 years.How would you describe the effects of pollution over that time？ SMITH： It’s been awful，really.When I first moved here，the air was fresh，the grass green and the water clear.Then heavy industry factories moved in，and things became entirely④ different. I don’t enjoy outdoor activities any more.The river is dirty and smelly.The smog⑤ in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey； it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of .For health and safety reasons alone，heavy industry has to go. [2] [2]句中含有that引导的定语从句修饰先行词a cough，that在本定语从句中作of的宾语，可以省略或用which替换。 ④entirely /ɪnˈtaɪəli/ adv.完全地，全部地，完整地 ⑤smog /smɒg/ n.雾霾，烟雾 ⑥get rid /rɪd/ of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 诺盖特的快速发展对环境造成了很大的破坏。史密斯先生，你已经在这个城市生活了20多年。你会如何描述在这段时间污染造成的影响？ 史密斯：很可怕，真的。我刚搬到这里时，空气清新，草绿水清。重工业工厂搬进来后，情况变得完全不一样了。我不再喜欢户外活动。河水又脏又臭。空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色，还让我患上了咳嗽，老是不好。仅考虑健康和安全原因，重工业也必须搬走。 　　HOST： Mr.Smith protested⑦ against heavy industry.Mr.Brown，would you like to respond？ 　　BROWN： Well，I’m sorry you feel that way Mr.Smith.People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits⑧. In defence⑨ of the factories，however，I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce.[3] I think I speak for all factory managers when I say we’re deeply concerned about the environment.We’ve been taking various⑩ measures，including the use of new technologies，to reduce pollution in the production process⑪，even though these measures raise our production costs.[4] I’d also like to draw your attention to the economic⑫ benefits factories have brought to Norgate[5] .We’ve created many jobs for local residents and helped the city’s economy grow. [3]句中含有that引导的宾语从句，作动词短语point out的宾语，we produce为省略了引导词that或which的定语从句，修饰pollution。 [4]句中含有even though引导的让步状语从句，to reduce...在句中作目的状语。 [5]此处为省略了引导词that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词the economic benefits。 ⑦protest /prəˈtest/ vi.反对，抗议 vt.坚持声称，申辩；反对 /ˈprəʊtest/ n.抗议，反对 ⑧profit /ˈprɒfɪt/ n.利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处 ⑨defence /dɪˈfens/ (AmE defense) n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 ⑩various /ˈveəriəs/ adj.各种不同的，各种各样的 ⑪process /ˈprəʊses/ n.过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt.加工，处理 ⑫economic /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的 布朗：嗯，史密斯先生，很遗憾你那样想。人们往往将工厂与黑烟滚滚的照片和急于牟取暴利的不负责任的商人联系起来。不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。当我说我们对环境深表关切时，我想我代表了所有 主持人：史密斯先生反对重工业。布朗先生，你愿意回应一下吗？ 工厂经理的心声。我们一直在采取各种措施，包括使用新技术来减少生产过程中的污染，即便这些措施增加了我们的生产成本。我也希望你注意到工厂给诺盖特带来的经济收益。我们为当地居民创造了很多就业岗位，助力了城市的经济增长。 　　HOST： Thank you，Mr.Brown.With pollution levels on the rise[6]，the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem.Mrs.Archer，what are your thoughts on how to deal with pollution[7]？ [6]此处为“with＋pollution levels (名词)＋on the rise (介词短语)”构成的with复合结构，在句中作状语。 [7]句中含有“疑问词＋不定式”结构，作介词on的宾语。 　　主持人：谢谢你，布朗先生。随着污染程度的加剧，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在寻找解决这个问题的方法。阿彻夫人，你对如何应对污染有什么想法？ 　　ARCHER： Well，our committee has a major role to play in maintaining air and water quality.We have to achieve a balance between environmental protection and economic development.We’ve made environmental policies⑬ for businesses to observe，like strict clean-up requirements.We also work hand in hand with other branches⑭ of government to ensure that development strategies⑮ are followed in an environmentally friendly way[8].However，fighting pollution isn’t just a task for factories and the government[9]. It has to be a community-wide effort，and everyone can help by following the golden rule：reduce，reuse and recycle⑯.For example，you can save energy by taking the bus or the subway⑰，or using the bike-sharing system. [8]句中含有that引导的宾语从句，作ensure的宾语。 [9]现在分词短语fighting pollution在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 ⑬policy /ˈpɒləsi/ n.政策，方针；原则 ⑭branch /brɑːntʃ/ n.(政府或机构)部门； 分部；树枝；支流；分支 ⑮strategy /ˈstrætədʒi/ n.策略，行动计划；策划，部署 ⑯recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ vt.回收利用，再利用 ⑰subway /ˈsʌbweɪ/ n.地铁；地下人行道 阿彻：嗯，我们委员会在保持空气和水的质量方面发挥着重要作用。我们必须实现环境保护和经济发展间的平衡。我们制定了环境政策供企业遵循，比如严格的清洁要求。我们也与其他的政府部门携手合作，确保发展策略符合环保原则。然而，治理污染不仅仅是工厂和政府的任务。全社会必须共同努力，每个人都遵循减少使用、重复使用和循环利用的指导原则，就能尽一份力。比如，你可以坐公交车、地铁，或者骑共享单车以节约能源。 　　HOST： Thank you，Mrs.Archer，and thanks again to all of our guests.A former⑱ UN official⑲ once said，“Saving our planet，lifting people out of poverty⑳，advancing economic growth...these are one and the same fight.” The fortunes of our environment and our economy are inseparable.It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development.It’s our duty to leave a better，cleaner and healthier planet to our children.It’s our duty to build a human community with a shared future[10]. [10]此句为简单句；句中it为形式主语，代替真正的主语to build a human community...。 ⑱former /ˈfɔːmə(r)/ adj.昔日的，前任的；以前 的，从前的 ⑲official /əˈfɪʃl/ n.官员，要员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的 ⑳poverty /ˈpɒvəti/ n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏 主持人：谢谢你，阿彻夫人，再次感谢我们所有的特邀嘉宾。一位联合国前官员曾经说过：“拯救地球，使人们摆脱贫困，促进经济增长……这些就是同一场战斗。”我们的环境与经济命运与共。我们有责任在力求达到经济发展的同时保护我们的环境。我们有责任给我们的子孙留下一个更美好、更清洁、更健康的地球。我们有责任构建一个人类命运共同体。 Ⅰ.厘清文章层次结构 against concerned profits economic residents to play economic policies Fighting following recycle lifting the fortunes inseparable Ⅱ.根据课文内容选择正确答案 1.What is TRUE of Mr.Smith’s opinion？ A. The air pollution is tolerable. B. The pollution was severe before he moved here. C. The government is more concerned about the economy development. D. The heavy industry is to blame for the air pollution. 答案：D 2.Mr.Brown hopes people can realise 　　　　. A. the high cost of industry production B. the severity of air pollution C. the benefits brought by factories D. the Norgate’s economy development 答案：C 3.Which of the following duties is NOT mentioned by the host？ A. Protecting the environment as well as aiming for economic development. B. Following the golden rule：reduce，reuse and recycle. C. Leaving a better，cleaner and healthier planet to our children. D. Building a human community with a shared future. 答案：B Ⅲ.课文语法填空 　　Three guests James Smith，Vincent Brown，and Julie Archer are invited to the TV show News that Matters.The topic is pollution in Norgate.Norgate’s rapid development has had significant 1._______________ (environment) costs.Mr. Smith protests against environmental heavy industry.From Mr. Smith’s point of view，after heavy industry factories 2._______ (move) in，things became 3.______ (entire) different.For health and safety reasons alone，heavy industry has to go.However，Mr. Brown holds the idea differently.He speaks in defence 4.____ factories and factory managers.In his opinion，factories try to control the amount of pollution they produce and factory managers， 5.___ are deeply concerned about the environment， moved entirely of who have been taking various 6.__________ (measure) to reduce pollution in 7._____ production process，even though the measures raise the production costs.As far as Mrs. Archer is concerned，the committee has a major role 8._________ (play) in maintaining air and water quality. Besides，the committee should also work hand in hand with other branches of the government.However，fighting pollution 9.______ (have) to be a community-wide effort，and everyone can help by 10.___________ (follow) the golden rule：reduce，reuse and recycle. measures the to play has following Ⅳ.句式分析和翻译 1.In defence of the factories，however，I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce. [句式分析]　本句是复合句，其中that引导______从句；we produce是省略了关系代词that或which的______从句，修饰先行词___________。 [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 宾语 定语 pollution 不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是我们也在 努力控制所产生的污染量。 2.I think I speak for all factory managers when I say we’re deeply concerned about the environment. [句式分析]　本句是复合句，I speak for all factory managers是______从句，省略了连接词______，作think的______。when引导__________从句。 [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 宾语 that 宾语 时间状语 我们对环境问题深感担忧，我想，我是代表所有的工厂负责人说的这句话。 3.We also work hand in hand with other branches of government to ensure that development strategies are followed in an environmentally friendly way. [句式分析]　本句是复合句，动词不定式作__________，that引导______从句，作ensure的______。 [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 目的状语 宾语 宾语 我们也与其他政府部门携手，确保以一种环境友好的方式贯彻发展战略。 4.It’s our duty to protect the environment while we aim for economic development. [句式分析]　本句是复合句，it 是______主语，动词不定式to protect...是________主语，while引导__________从句。 [自主翻译]　_____________________________________________ 形式 真正的 时间状语 在追求经济发展的同时保护环境，这是我们的责任。 关键能力 互动探究 词汇识记 1.global adj.全球的；全面的 globe n.球体；地球 We are taking a global view of our business. 我们从全局来考虑我们的生意。 We export our goods all over the globe. 我们的商品出口到世界各地。 2.greenhouse n.温室，暖房 Experts say greenhouse gases should be responsible for global warming. 专家表示，温室气体是造成全球变暖的原因。 3.gas n.气体；煤气；汽油 Each of us should protect oil and gas by taking advantage of the renewable energy sources. 我们每个人都应该通过使用可再生能源来保护石油和天然气。 4.drought n.旱灾，久旱 This drought caused serious damage to the crops. 这次干旱对农作物造成了严重的损害。 5.come up with想出，想到 Maybe you can come up with an alternative suggestion concerning the location of the new market. 也许你能够想到一个关于新的市场地点的可供选择的建议。 6.call for (公开)要求；需要 The recipe calls for dividing the dough in half to make two pizzas. 食谱要求将面团分成两半来做两个比萨。 7.application n.应用，运用；申请 apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 vi.申请；请求；适用 applicant n.申请人 If an applicant would like to apply to become an assistant in our company，he/she should send us an application in a week. 如果申请人想申请成为我们公司的助理，他/她应该在一周内向我们发送申请。 8.brochure n.小册子 The language of brochure is powerful and expressive. 宣传册的语言有力而富有表现力。 9.organization n.组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理 organize vt.组织；成立 organizer n.组织者 organized adj.有组织的 The lack of funds posed difficulties for this organization last year，but it organized its staff to try every means to pull through.The good organizer played an important part in it. 去年，资金短缺给这个组织带来了困难，但它组织员工想尽一切办法渡过难关。好的组织者在其中扮演着重要的角色。 10.absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其 absolute adj.绝对的，完全的 There is no absolute success in the world，only constant progress. 世上没有绝对的成功，只有不断的进步。 He wanted to make it absolutely clear. 他想把这一点说清楚。 11.belt n.地带，地区；腰带；传送带 We mustn’t loosen the seat belt when we drive. 我们开车时一定不能松开安全带。 These pieces can be folded into a neat pack and fastened on your belt. 这些碎片可以折叠成一个整齐的包，系在你的腰带上。 12.medal n.奖章，勋章 She prophesied that she would win a gold medal. 她预言自己将赢得金牌。 13.image n.形象；图像；意象 Frank Hurley，a confident and gifted Australian photographer，was hired to make the images of the Antarctic. 弗兰克·赫尔利，一个自信而有天赋的澳大利亚摄影师，被雇来拍摄南极的照片。 14.shark n.鲨鱼 This is the opening scene from the 1975 film Jaws，showing a shark attack. 这是1975年的电影《大白鲨》的开场，展示了鲨鱼的袭击。 15.spring to mind 突然记起(或想到) When I saw the photo of my grandma，the days when I lived with her sprang to my mind immediately. 当我看到奶奶的照片时，我立刻想起了和她一起生活的日子。 16.whale n.鲸 17.deer n.(pl.deer)鹿 18.track vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 n.足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线 We set off once more，over a rough mountain track. 我们沿着一条崎岖的山间小路再度出发。 The two men turned to watch the horses going round the track. 那两个男人转身观看赛马沿赛道而行。 A woman fell on to the tracks. 一名女子摔倒在铁轨上。 NASA has been trying to keep an eye on space junk since 1979，but the small bits can’t be tracked with current technologies. 自1979年以来，美国国家航空航天局一直试图密切关注太空垃圾，但目前的技术无法追踪这些小碎片。 19.habitat n.生活环境，栖息地 Environmental organizations worldwide show concern for the impact of climate change on polar bear habitats and advocate for conservation efforts. 世界各地的环保组织都在关注气候变化对北极熊栖息地的影响，并倡导保护工作。 20.nowhere adv.无处，哪里都不 They had nowhere to stay so I couldn’t turn them away. 他们没有地方住，所以我不能拒他们于门外。 21.dolphin n.海豚 22.resident n.居民，住户 Dr.Lin immediately became the first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician. 林医生很快成为第一个被雇用为住院医师的女性。 23.chief n.首领，最高领导人 adj.主要的；首席的 The chief engineer together with his colleagues has been looking for new scientific methods of farming since five years ago. 五年以来，总工程师和他的同事们一起一直在寻找新的科学农耕方法。 By this means he gained some time，and also the favour of the chief. 用这种方法，他赢得了一些时间，也获得了首领的支持。 24.committee n.委员会 After much deliberation，the committee decided to move forward with the project. 经过深思熟虑后，委员会决定继续推进这个项目。 25.entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地 entire adj.完全的 The entire village was destroyed.It now looks entirely different from the previous one. 整个村庄都被毁了。它现在看起来与以前完全不同。 We’re looking for a headmaster，one who will devote himself entirely to the cause of education. 我们正在寻找一位校长，一个要完全致力于教育事业的人。 26.smog n.雾霾，烟雾 It’s known to most of us what harm smog will do to our health. 我们大多数人都知道，烟雾对我们的健康将会有什么样的危害。 27.get rid of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 He attached himself to me at the party and I couldn’t get rid of him. 在聚会上他老是缠着我，我简直无法摆脱他。 28.protest vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 n.抗议，反对 He organized many peaceful protests，but he was put behind bars many times for doing so. 他组织了几次和平抗议，却因此多次被关进监狱。 Groups of women took to the streets to protest against the policy. 成群的妇女走上街头抗议这项政策。 29.profit n.利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处 profitable adj.有好处的；赢利的 The workers must be stimulated to greater effort by an offer to share in the firm’s profits. 必须以分享公司利润的提议来激励工人们更努力地工作。 Some of their new electronic products are highly profitable. 他们的一些新电子产品利润很高。 30.defence (AmE defense) n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 defend vt.保护；防御 In time of war，lots of money will be spent on defence and many measures will be taken to defend a country from being attacked. 在战争时期，大量的钱将用于国防上，许多措施将被采取用来保护一个国家免受攻击。 31.process n.过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt.加工，处理 They had a heated discussion on whether to adopt a different approach to processing information. 他们就是否采用不同的方法处理信息进行了热烈的讨论。 One witness to the accident gave the police a detailed account of the process. 事故的一位目击者向警方详细叙述了整个过程。 32.economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的 economy n.经济 The country’s economy has bounced back strongly after being hit hard by the economic recession. 该国经济在受到经济衰退的严重打击后，已经强劲反弹。 33.policy n.政策，方针；原则 The social media platform takes user privacy into account when updating policies. 社交媒体平台在更新政策时会考虑用户隐私。 34.branch n.(政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支 Society pushes us to specialize，to become experts.This requires commitment to a particular occupation，branch of study or research. 社会推动我们专业化，成为专家。这就需要致力于一个特定的职业、学习或研究领域。 The Han River is the longest branch of the Yangtze River. 汉江是长江的最大支流。 The old man cut a branch and made a walking cane. 老人砍下一根树枝做了一根拐杖。 35.strategy n.策略，行动计划；策划，部署 Teachers exposed to innovative teaching strategies can inspire creativity in their students. 教师接触创新的教学策略可以激发学生的创造力。 36.recycle vt.回收利用，再利用 To protect our earth，we should try our best to recycle waste packaging. 为了保护我们的地球，我们应该尽最大努力回收废旧包装。 37.subway n.地铁；地下人行道 More subways are being built in Nanjing to make it more convenient for people to travel from one place to another. 南京正在修建更多的地铁，使人们从一个地方到另一个地方的出行更加方便。 38.former adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的 Human beings differ from animals in that the former is capable of using language. 人类不同于动物，因为前者能够使用语言。 39.official n.官员，要员adj.公务的；正式的，官方的 The official language of Brazil is Portuguese. 巴西的官方语言是葡萄牙语。 40.poverty n.贫穷，穷困；贫乏 Poverty and ignorance are the enemies of progress. 贫穷和无知是进步的敌人。 41.poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n.毒物，毒药 poisonous adj.有毒的 It is reported that some children were poisoned by the poisonous food. 据报道，一些孩子因食用有毒食物而中毒。 42.chemical n.化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的 chemistry n.化学 chemist n.化学家 The famous chemist denied in his chemistry report that it was the waste water from the chemical factory that polluted the underground water in this area. 那位著名的化学家在他的化学报告中否认是化工厂的废水污染了这个地区的地下水。 43.consequence n.结果，后果；重要性 consequent adj.随之而来的；作为结果的 consequently adv.所以；因此 I carelessly got the plan ruined，and consequently I had to face the consequences. 我不小心把计划毁了，因此我不得不承担后果。 44.give rise to使发生(或存在) The disappearance of the rainforest has given rise to many destructive consequences. 雨林的消失已造成了许多毁灭性的后果。 45.further adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.较远，更远；进一步 vt.促进，增进 At the moment，the accident related to his carelessness is being further looked into. 目前，与他的粗心有关的事故正在进一步调查中。 I don’t doubt that the artist’s dedication will lead to further success. 我毫不怀疑这位艺术家的奉献精神会带来进一步的成功。 默写练习 【限时：15分钟】 Ⅰ.默写重点单词 1._______ vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 n.足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线 2._________ n.生活环境，栖息地 3._________ vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 n.抗议，反对 track habitat protest 4.________ n.利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处 5._________ n.过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt.加工，处理 6.________ n.(政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支 7._________ vt.回收利用，再利用 8.________ adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的 9.__________ n.官员，要员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的 10._________ n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏 profit process branch recycle former official poverty 11._______ vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 vi.申请；请求；适用→_____________ n.申请；应用，运用→___________ n.申请人 12.________ vt.组织；成立→__________ n.组织者→___________ adj.有组织的→____________ n.组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理 13.__________ adj.绝对的，完全的→___________ adv.绝对地，完全地；极其 14. _______adv.完全地，全部地，完整地→______ adj.完全的 apply application applicant organize organizer organized organization absolute absolutely entirely entire 15._________ n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→________ vt.保护；防御 16.________ vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n.毒物，毒药→___________ adj.有毒的 17._________ n.化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的→___________ n.化学 18._____________ n.结果，后果；重要性→____________ adj.随之而来的；作为结果的→______________ adv.所以；因此 defence defend poison poisonous chemical chemistry consequence consequent consequently Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1.Towns only a few miles apart can have _________ (entire) different dialects. 2.What should we do in _________ (defend) of the living things in this region？ 3.One _____________ (consequent) of global warming is extinction. entirely defence consequence 4.I’m very pleased to inform you that your __________ (apply) has been accepted. 5.This chemical is ___________ (poison) and many animals have died as a consequence of coming into contact with it. application poisonous Ⅲ.默写核心短语 1._____________想出，想到 2.__________(公开)要求；需要 3.________________突然记起(或想到) 4.____________摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 5.______________使发生(或存在) come up with call for spring to mind get rid of give rise to 6.___________ 漏掉 7.______________参加 8._________ 报名 9._______________ 为了保护…… 10.______________手拉手 leave out take part in sign up in defence of hand in hand Ⅳ.选词填空 从核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子 1.Running a company ________ intelligence，patience and a lot of experience. 2.When we think of creative people the names that probably _____________ are those of men such as Albert Einstein and Pablo Picasso. calls for spring to mind 3.The mother tried what she could to help her son _________ the bad habit. 4.Poisonous chemicals used in agriculture______________health problems. 5.If you ______________ a practical plan，I will offer you the job. get rid of give rise to come up with 词汇精研 1.come up with 想出，想到 come up发生；出现；提到，提及 come to苏醒；清醒；突然想起 come across偶遇；偶然发现 come out出来；出现；出版；发表 come through康复；接通；穿过 [教材原文] All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems. 对于如何解决这些问题，他们都提出了创造性的想法。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Is that the best excuse you can come up ______？ ②When he came ____ himself，he found himself lying in hospital. ③With such a weak heart，she was lucky to come _________ the operation. ④他本来打算参加聚会，但发生了一件意想不到的事。 He had intended to attend the party，but an unexpected thing ________ . to through came up with 2.call for (公开)要求；需要 call up打电话给；使想起 call in召来 call off取消，停止进行 call away叫走；转移；排解 call on拜访(某人)；号召 call out大声喊，呼唤 [教材原文] Some call for the application of modern technology，and others a change of lifestyle. 一些人呼吁应用现代技术，另一些人呼吁改变生活方式。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The football match was called _____ due to the bad weather. ②She decided to call ____ a doctor because the child was no better. off in ③The government has called ____ the public to fight against air pollution. ④I was about to call _____ to him when he suddenly ran away. ⑤公众呼吁结束空气污染。 The public are _____________ an end to air pollution. on out calling for 3.spring to mind 突然记起(或想到) make up one’s mind下定决心 change one’s mind改变主意 将……记在心中 fix one’s mind on/upon...全神贯注于…… [教材原文] When you think of a fearsome hunter，images of lions and sharks may spring to mind. 当你想到一个可怕的捕猎者，狮子和鲨鱼的形象可能会立刻跃入脑海。 [即学即练]——完成句子 ①诚实和可靠是人们在谈到这个人时就会想到的两个词。 Honesty and reliability are the two words that ______________ when people talk about the man. spring to mind ②(人物描写)一旦他下定决心做某件事，什么都不能够改变他的主意。他将全神贯注于他正在做的事情，直到实现目标。 Once he _____________________ to do something，nothing can ______________.He will __________________ what he is doing until he achieves his goal. has made up his mind change his mind fix his mind on/upon ③(建议信)首先，记住你目前的主要任务是增强你的体质。 First of all，___________________ at present your main task is to build up your body. keep/bear in mind that 4.application n.应用，运用；申请 (apply v.申请，运用 applicant n.申请人) apply (to sb.) for sth.(向某人)申请某物 apply to do sth.申请做某事 apply to适用于 apply sth. to sth.把某物应用/涂抹于…… apply oneself to致力于/集中精力于……(to为介词) [教材原文] Some call for the application of modern technology，and others a change of lifestyle. 一些人呼吁应用现代技术，另一些人呼吁改变生活方式。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training ____ new faces in the testing stage. to ②He has applied to the school _____ scholarship and his__________ (apply) is under discussion. ③Since last year，he has been applying himself to __________ (study) traditional Chinese medical science. ④(申请信)得知画廊将在下个月举办中国画展览，我写信申请成为一名志愿者。 Knowing that a Chinese painting exhibition will be held at the gallery next month，I am writing to ________________________. for application studying apply to become a volunteer ⑤(申请信)如果您能在方便的时候考虑我的申请，我将不胜 感激。 I’d appreciate it if you could ___________________________ at your convenience. take my application into account 5.get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 rid v.摆脱；除去 be rid of摆脱 rid oneself of...使自己从……中解脱 [教材原文] The smog in the air has coloured the sky a smoky grey； it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of. 空气中的雾霾把天空染成了烟灰色，还让我患上了咳嗽，老是 不好。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①To rid the world ____ hunger，we should take measures to educate farmers first. of ②After several years of hard work，she eventually rid _________ (she) of poverty. ③(建议信)摆脱像抽烟、喝酒这样的坏习惯是保持健康的一种重要方式。 _____________________ like smoking and drinking alcohol is an important way to keep healthy. herself Getting rid of bad habits 6.profit n.利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处 (profitable adj.赢利的；有利润的) profit by/from从……中受益；靠……获利 [教材原文] People tend to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits. 人们往往将工厂与黑烟滚滚的照片和急于牟取暴利的不负责任的商人联系起来。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make ___ profit. ②We tried to profit __________ our mistakes. ③对许多公司来说，广告的目的是盈利。 For many companies，the purpose of the advertisement is_________ _______. a by/from to make profits 7.protest vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；坚持声称；申辩 n.反对，抗议 (1)protest about/against/at...＝make a protest against...对……提出 抗议 (2)without protest心甘情愿地 under protest不情愿地，极不乐意地 [教材原文] Mr. Smith protested against heavy industry. 史密斯先生反对重工业。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Many people gathered to protest _______________ killing wild animals for food. ②She wrote a letter of apology to him，but only _______ protest. against/about/at under ③一些消费者对商店服务质量差提出了抗议。 →Some consumers _______________________ the bad service in the shop.(protest vi.) →Some consumers ____________________ the bad service in the shop.(protest n.) protested about/against/at made a protest against 8.defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守(defend vi.& vt.保护，防护；防卫) (1)in defence of为保卫…… in one’s defence为某人辩护 a defence against对……的防御物 (2)defend...against/from...保卫……免受…… [教材原文] In defence of the factories，however，I’d like to point out that we also try to control the amount of pollution we produce. 不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是我们也在努力控制所产生的污染量。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①I have to say in her_________(defend)that she knew nothing about it beforehand. defence ②The town walls were built as a defence _________ enemy attacks. ③应该训练孩子保护自己免遭某些交通事故的侵害。 →Children should be trained to ________________________ some traffic accidents.(defend v.) →Children should be trained __________________ some traffic accidents. (defence n.) against defend themselves against in defence of 9.consequence n.结果，后果；重要性(consequent adj.随之发生的 consequently adv.结果，因此) 因此，结果 因为，由于 [即学即练]—— 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①She was over the age limit and ____ consequence，her application was rejected. ②As a consequence of his illness，he couldn’t go to school. ______________(consequence)，he fell behind his classmates. in Consequently ③由于粗心驾驶，他险些丢了性命。 →He narrowly lost his life ________________________________ _________his careless driving. →He drove carelessly. ___________________________________，he narrowly lost his life. as a consequence of/in consequence of/as a result of As a consequence/In consequence/As a result 句式剖析 even though引导的让步状语从句 本句中含有even though引导的让步状语从句，to reduce...在句中作目的状语。 (1)even though＝even if even if you don’t succeed即使你不成功 even if it rains tomorrow即使明天下雨 (2)as though/if意为“似乎，好像”，引导表语从句或方式状语 从句。 [教材原文] We’ve been taking various measures，including the use of new technologies，to reduce pollution in the production process，even though these measures raise our production costs. 我们一直在采取各种措施，包括使用新技术来减少生产过程中的污染，即便这些措施增加了我们的生产成本。 [即学即练]——完成句子 ①他虽然经验最少，却是最出色的老师。 He’s the best teacher，________________________________. ②尽管有时你可能用错单词或时态，但这并不重要。 ______________________________________________，it doesn’t matter. ③他表现得若无其事。 He behaved _______________________. even though he has the least experience Even though sometimes you may use a wrong word or tense as if nothing had happened [名师点津]　even if/though引导让步状语从句，主句如果用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时表示将来。 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1. To the manager’s great satisfaction，the sale generated record _________ (利润). 2.It was reported that __________ (经济的) growth decelerated sharply in June. 3.His plan is to spread the capital between _________ (各种各样的) building society accounts. profits economic various 4.Can you tell me whether you are a _________(居民) of Guangzhou or Beijing？ 5.Losing weight is a slow，gradual _________ (过程). 6.If she were involved in business，she would make a strong _______ (首席的) executive. 7.These men musicians used to play to passers-by at the entrance to the ________ (地铁) station. resident process chief subway 8.The company was ordered to pay compensation to its ________ (以前的) employee. 9.The proposal was approved finally by the ___________ (委员会). 10.Unemployment is a major cause of _________ (贫困). former committee poverty Ⅱ.选词填空 under protest，in consequence，give rise to，come to one’s defence，a variety of，in the process of，get rid of，the former... the latter 1.She studied hard，and ________________ she passed the exam. 2.It ___________ widespread poverty and suffering. 3.We are ___________________ selling our old furniture. in consequence gave rise to in the process of 4.He realized none of his schoolmates would __________________. 5.The fat boy went on a diet to _________ his excess weight. 6.All 12 have agreed to fulfil their existing obligations in good faith，but _______________. 7.Work and play are both necessary for health. ___________ gives us energy，and ____________ gives us rest. 8.The test is used to diagnose ______________ diseases. come to his defence get rid of under protest The former the latter a variety of Ⅲ.完成句子 1.尽管我们生活在一个高科技时代，但仍然无法准确预测天气。 _________________________________，it’s still impossible to predict the weather accurately. 2.出席会议的是史密斯教授以及很多其他的名人。 ___________________________Professor Smith and many other celebrities. Even though we live in a high-tech age Present at the meeting were 3.那肮脏的环境引起了各种疾病。 The dirty environment ________________________. 4.因为他的努力，他最终被南京大学录取了。 ______________________________，he was eventually admitted to Nanjing University. 5.年轻人，你最好改掉那种态度，学学好。 You’d better ___________________ and shape up，young man. gave rise to various diseases As a consequence of his hard work get rid of that attitude 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.The company must adopt more inclusive ___________(strategy) and a broader vision. 2.A dozen trees of _________ (variety) sorts were planted in the garden. 3.He is not __________ (entire) clear on how he will go about this tough matter. 4.The government raised _________ (defend) appropriations by 12 percent. strategies various entirely defence 5.They took to the street to protest ________ the government’s decision. 6.These __________ (policy) on environmental protection have a broad base of support. 7.Ali looked at his master for _________ (far) instructions. 8.Last week some city ________ (official) suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. against policies further officials 9.If she had been aware that the mushrooms were ___________ (poison)，she would not have picked them for dinner. 10.Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree __________ (branch)，naturally and softly. poisonous branches Ⅱ.单句写作(应用文写作——保护野生动植物) 1.我写信投诉对野生生物的非法捕猎正变得越来越严重。(wildlife) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.过去五年来，鲸鱼的数目急剧下降。(witness；whale) __________________________________________________________ I’m writing to complain that the illegal hunting for wildlife is becoming more and more serious. The past five years have witnessed the sharp decrease of the whale. 3.如果大自然的平衡被破坏，我们将遭受很大的痛苦。(damage) __________________________________________________________ 4.我们曾经毁掉森林，之后干旱和沙尘暴齐发。(hand in hand) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.该是我们采取措施保护野生生物的时候了。(take measures to do) __________________________________________________________ If the balance of nature is damaged，we will suffer a lot. There was a time when we destroyed the forest and then drought and dust storms went hand in hand. It is high time that we should take measures to protect wildlife. Ⅲ.阅读理解 A 　　A tiny remote island off the coast of Sicily in southern Italy has started donating its 600 goats，for the animals are outnumbering its 100 human inhabitants.Local mayor Riccardo Gullo said the goats were creating tension among the local community as they were causing damage to the environment，storming people’s homes and eating their crops. According to Gullo，it all started with a few goats supposedly escaping from their owner and going on to reproduce to a point where they have now become too hard to manage.“They represented a problem，and you would meet them everywhere，” he said.“Six hundred goats have been counted.The island is really small so they’re really too many.” 　　With pictures showing the goats eating grass on what appears to be residents’ back gardens，the mayor said measures had to be taken to contain them.“Some goats are big and strong，so some people are scared，while others fear they will enter their home，” said Gullo.“However we absolutely do not want to even consider culling the animals，so we are encouraging the idea of giving them away instead.” 　　The plan to offer the goats to whoever sought to keep them has so far been successful，the mayor said，with requests coming from as far as the central Italian region of Tuscany and Lombardy，in the north of Italy.And there are no restrictions on who can apply for a goat or any limit on how many of the wild animals one can request.“It’s just a delivery without conditions，a special gift，” Gullo said. 　　Gloria，owner of the only bar at Alicudi’s port，welcomed the plan but questioned how it would really work.She agreed that the goats have become “too many”，as one of the animals also visited her business.While it attracted attention at first，Gloria was concerned the goat could turn aggressive towards one of her customers.Pointing to the steep，mountainous top of the volcanic island，Gloria said，“How will they bring the goats down？ Perhaps they would need a helicopter to carry two or three at a time.It’s a nice proposal，but there is no practical solution yet.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了意大利的一个小岛上有许多山羊，因为数量太多，所以对当地居民的生活造成了一些困扰，于是当地政府决定将这些山羊送给有需要的人。 1.What makes the goats so troublesome now？ A. Their body size. B. Their population. C. Their appearance. D. Their poor diet. 1 2 3 4 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中Local mayor Riccardo Gullo 说的内容和“Six hundred goats have been counted.The island is really small so they’re really too many.”可知，山羊的数量太多，所以对当地居民的生活造成了一些困扰。故选B项。 2.What does the underlined word “culling” in paragraph 2 probably mean？ A. Killing. B. Owning. C. Catching. D. Training. 1 2 3 4 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。由第二段中Gullo 说的内容可知，山羊有一定的危险性，但人们不准备杀死它们，而是把它们送人，画线词意为“Killing”。故选A项。 3.What do we know about the people who wanted the goats in paragraph 3？ A. They wanted to sell the goats. B. They had to pay a fee for the goats. C. They came from nearly all over Italy. D. They were very professionally equipped. 1 2 3 4 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“The plan to...in the north of Italy.”可知，想要山羊的人几乎来自意大利各地。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 4.What was Gloria’s major doubt about the plan？ A. The damage the goats could cause. B. The possible dangers the goats brought. C. The blow it would give to her business. D. The practical transportation of the goats. 1 2 3 4 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中Gloria指着火山岛陡峭的山顶说的内容可知，Gloria对这个计划的主要怀疑是山羊的实际运输问题。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 B 　　A recent survey has shown that more men are adopting cats than women in recent years. 　　People used to think cats are preferred by women，and dogs are the trusty friends of men.However，a new research from UK Pet Food uncovered an obvious gender (性别) difference in pet adoption numbers-with more men choosing to adopt adult cats than women.Over the past four years，1.5 million new male households have been benefiting from the company of an adult cat，compared to around 1 million female households. 　　The research findings highlight the function of the bond that can exist between a man and his furry friend.Although you may be fond of kittens with their playful and innocent nature，there’s a convincing reason to adopt an adult cat，especially for men seeking a loyal and entertaining companion.Unlike the troublesome process of raising a kitten，adult cats come with their personalities fully formed.This means that from day one，you can enjoy the companionship of a furry friend that has already settled into their characters and behaviors. 　　For men with busy schedules or limited time for pet training，an adult cat provides instant companionship without the demanding needs of a young kitten.They’re already litter-trained and accustomed to basic grooming routines，making them an ideal choice for busy men. 　　Michael Bellingham，Chief Executive of UK Pet Food said，“I was interested to see that more men are adopting older cats.Our research this year highlights the profound impact of pets-from fighting with loneliness to having a positive effect on our mental health.We were surprised to see that one fifth of the people with mental illness we interviewed want pets to be included in prescriptions，which can help treat their problems.” 　　So，for men considering bringing a furry companion into their life，adopting an adult cat might just be the perfect choice. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了最近的一项调查显示，近年来收养猫的男性比女性多。 5.What can we know about the new research in paragraph 2？ A. Compared to women，men prefer to adopt adult cats. B. Dogs are men’s most loyal friends of all time. C. Women are fond of being surrounded by lovely cats. D. Millions of households gain benefits from protecting pets. 5 6 7 8 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However，a new research...cats than women.”可知，与女性相比，男性更喜欢收养成年猫。故选A。 5 6 7 8 6.What’s the reason for men to choose adult cats？ A. They have the potential to care for their owners. B. They are innocent and loyal to the caring adults. C. They have fully developed personalities. D. They are a cure for rare diseases. 5 6 7 8 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Although you may...characters and behaviors.”可知，男性选择成年猫的原因是成年猫的个性已经完全形成，可以省去领养者繁琐的养育过程。故选C。 5 6 7 8 7.What can be inferred from Michael Bellingham’s words？ A. Adult cats are the best option of pets for UK family. B. Pets have a good impact on people’s mental health. C. Adult cats demand less company from their busy owners. D. Cats are a priceless drug for physical problems in UK. 5 6 7 8 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Our research this year...on our mental health.”可知，从Michael Bellingham的话中可以推断，养宠物对人们的心理健康有积极的影响。故选B。 5 6 7 8 8.Which of the following phrases can replace “prescriptions” in paragraph 5？ A. Job interviews. B. Text books. C. Personal preference. D. Medical guidance. 5 6 7 8 答案：D 解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“I was interested...treat their problems.”可知，宠物对与孤独做斗争和对心理健康有积极的影响，由此推知，五分之一被采访的人群表示要将宠物列入心理疾病的治疗方法中，画线单词表示“处方，治疗方法”，与“Medical guidance”意义相近。故选D。 5 6 7 8 Ⅳ.阅读七选五 　　It has been a controversial (有争议的) issue whether it is right to keep wild animals in zoos or not.Some argue that it is unethical (不道德的) to put animals on display at zoos. 　1　 　　On the one hand，zoos have a considerable impact on animal protection. 　2　Zoos especially help to protect endangered animals from the problems they may face in the wild.Besides，scientists have a chance to study animal behavior in zoos. 　3　 There would be a rise in the unemployment (失业) rate if zoos were closed.Zoos are also great educational places for people，particularly children，to experience and learn about the natural world. 　　On the other hand，zoos are considered unethical. 　4　 Firstly，making an animal live in a zoo means it loses its freedom and the right to live in the place it is supposed to live-nature. 　5　 Therefore wild animals brought to such kinds of artificial (人造的) environments lose their instinct to hunt.They have to depend on the zookeepers for food.Secondly，humans do not have the right to put animals on display because they also have feelings. A. Zoos are man-made environments. B. Zoos provide a safe environment for animals. C. Many zoos work with local universities and colleges. D. What’s more，zoos create job opportunities for the locals. E.But others believe that zoos are important in various ways. F.Zoo animals can have health issues that wouldn’t come up in the wild. G.There are two main reasons why it is wrong to put wild animals in zoos. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“是否应该将野生动物饲养在动物园中”的争议话题展开，通过正反两方面的论述探讨了动物园存在的利与弊。文中既提出了支持动物园保护动物、科学研究、教育价值和创造就业等正面观点，也阐述了剥夺动物自由、生存环境人为化以及考虑动物感受等反对理由。 1.答案：E 解析：由上文“It has been a controversial...on display at zoos.”可知，一些人认为在动物园展示动物是不道德的，由下文“On the one hand，zoos have a considerable impact on animal protection.”可知，下文提到了动物园对动物保护的正面影响，因此本空应是转折，指出另一些人的不同观点，即认为动物园在某些方面是重要的。E项能承上启下，符合语境。故选E。 2.答案：B 解析：由上下文的内容可知，本空应继续阐述动物园如何对动物保护产生积极影响，特别是提供安全环境方面的内容。B项能承上启下，符合语境。故选B。 3.答案：D 解析：由下文“There would be...zoos were closed.”可知，关闭动物园会导致失业率上升，这说明动物园为当地人创造了就业机会。D项能引起下文，符合语境。故选D。 4.答案：G 解析：由上文“On the other hand，zoos are considered unethical.”可知，上文指出动物园被认为是不道德的，下文“Firstly，making an animal...to live-nature.”接着列举了原因，因此本空应是一个过渡句，引出反对动物园的主要原因。G项能承上启下，符合语境。故选G。 5.答案：A 解析：由下文“Therefore wild animals...instinct to hunt.”可知，下文提到了野生动物在人工环境中失去捕猎本能，由此可知，本空应是解释动物园作为人造环境的特点。A项能引起下文，符合语境。故选A。 $$