U1 Period Ⅲ Grammar and usage-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（译林版）

必修第三册 UNIT 1　Nature in the balance Period Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 单元语法：Ellipsis (省略) 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课堂检测 素养达标 课时作业 巩固提升 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] ①He programs us with all the possible moves he has seen while watching human games. ②If necessary，I can come at once. ③Before you came over，I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in. ④Later that morning，Dario suggested that they write a letter to their neighbors and apologize for their playing. ⑤In 1812，the year Charles Dickens was born，there were 66 novels published in Britain. ⑥What can we do to prevent these animals dying out？ 我的发现： 1.句①中含有while引导的省略式状语从句，补全为while _______ watching human games。 2.句②中含有if引导的省略式状语从句，补全为if _____necessary。 3.句③中含有省略了引导词 _____________的定语从句，补全为a beautiful place __________________。 4.句④中含有that引导的含有虚拟语气的__________，省略了情态动词________，补全为that they ______________ a letter...。 he is it is that或which that/which I lived in 宾语从句 should should write 5.句⑤中含有省略了引导词 ______的定语从句，修饰先行词the year，补全为the year ____________________________。 6.句⑥是一个省略了介词_____的特殊疑问句；补全为What can we do to prevent these animals ________________？ when when Charles Dickens was born from from dying out [知识精要] 一、并列复合句中的省略 在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。 The boy picked up a purse in the road and (the boy) handed it to the policeman. 这个男孩在马路上捡到一个钱包并把它交给了警察。 Your advice made me happy but (your advice made) Tom angry. 你的建议使我很高兴，但使汤姆生气了。 1.状语从句中的省略 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致且谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词 be。 Einstein wrote his most influential papers while (he was) working as a clerk. 爱因斯坦在做小职员的时候写出了他最有影响力的论文。 I had a sensation of falling，as if (I was) in a dream. 我有一种坠落的感觉，像在梦中似的。 When (he was) asked about the company’s future，the director responded that he remained optimistic. 当被问到公司的未来的时候，经理回答说他依然乐观。 [名师点津]　当从句的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成“连词(if，unless，when，whenever)＋形容词”结构。 Walk around every hour or so，if (it is) possible. 如果可能的话，每个小时都走动走动。 2.定语从句中的省略 (1)一般来说，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that，which，whom可以省略。 This is the opinion (that) I want to convey to you. 这是我要向你传达的观点。 (2)当先行词为表示方式的the way时，从句不能用how来引导，应该用that或in which，或将它们全部省略。 Language，in a broad sense，is the way (that/in which) information is expressed. 从广义上讲，语言是表达信息的方式。 3.宾语从句中的省略 (1)在及物动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词后面是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。 I feel (that) we have succeeded on the more important questions. 我认为我们已在更重大的问题上取得了成功。 Dad said (that) she was probably lonely，and that I ought to sit and listen and nod my head and smile. 爸爸说她可能很孤独，我应该坐下来倾听，点头并微笑。 (2)由which，when，where，how和why引导的宾语从句，可以全部或部分省略。 He wants to move abroad but his parents wonder why (he wants to move abroad). 他想搬迁到国外，但他的父母想知道为什么。 4.在与suggest，request，order，advise等词相关的名词性从句中，谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。 I tactfully suggested he (should) see a doctor. 我委婉地建议他去看医生。 二、简单句中的省略 1.省略主语 祈使句中的主语通常被省略。 (You) Open the door，please.请开一下门。 2.省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分 (You come) This way，please.请这边走。 (Will you) Have a smoke？ 抽烟吗？ 3.省略宾语 —Do you know Mr.Li？ —I don’t know (him). “你认识李先生吗？” “我不认识他。” 4.省略表语 —Are you thirsty？ —Yes，I am (thirsty). “你渴吗？” “是的，我渴。” 5.同时省略几个成分 —Are you feeling better now？ —(I am feeling) Much better (now). “你觉得好些了吗？” “好多了。” (I wish) Good luck (to you). 祝你好运/祝你顺利。 三、动词不定式省略，只保留to的情况 1.不定式作某些动词的宾语时，这些动词常见的有love，like，care，wish，hope，expect，prefer，refuse，mean，try，agree，want，afford，forget，remember，try，manage等。 —You should have helped her out. —I meant to，but I was too busy. “你本应该帮她一下的。” “我想帮她的，但是我太忙了。” 2.不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语时，这些动词常见的有ask，tell，advise，force，persuade，wish，allow，permit，forbid，expect，order，warn等。 The boy wanted to play basketball with his friends，but his mother told him not to. 男孩想和他的朋友去打篮球，但是他的妈妈叫他不要去。 3.不定式作某些复合谓语时，常见结构有be able to，be going to，have to，ought to，used to等。 四、动词不定式 to 的省略 1.主语部分有to do，系动词为is或was时，作表语的不定式通常省去to。 All you have to do is push the button and wait. 你所要做的就是按下这个按钮然后等待。 2.作介词but，except，besides的宾语，前面又有实义动词do时，不定式通常省去to。 There’s nothing to do except wait for another train. 除了等下一列火车，别无他法。 3.当两个或多个不定式并列时，其后的不定式符号可以省略，但有对比关系时不可省略。 It is easier to say than to do. 说起来容易，做起来难。 4.在 see，watch，notice，hear，listen to，look at，feel，have，make，let，observe等词(组)后作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to；why (not) do结构中，不定式不带to。 I noticed him enter the office. 我注意到他进了办公室。 Why not switch the channel？ 为什么不换台？ 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.—Will Mr.Brown come，too？ —Yes.He promised ____，but he hasn’t turned up yet. 2.Though he had often made his little sister _____，today he was made ________ by her.(cry) 3.Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals，if not _________ (handle) properly，may lead to spreading diseases. to cry to cry handled 4.When _______ (face) with the difficulties and failures，I must overcome them. 5.—Are you a doctor？ —No，but I used _______ (be). faced to be Ⅱ.使用省略形式改写下列句子 1. — Mary，how about going to the movies after supper？ —Going to the movies after supper sounds great！ →—Mary，how about going to the movies after supper？ —_____________！ 2.John will go abroad to travel but his brother will not go abroad to travel. →John will go abroad to travel ______________________. Sounds great but his brother will not 3.When I was cooking in the kitchen，I heard the doorbell ring. →________________________，I heard the doorbell ring. 4.If it is possible，we will finish it ahead of time. →__________，we will finish it ahead of time. 5.After a two-hour walk，he should have a rest but he won’t have a rest. →After a two-hour walk，he should have a rest _______________. When cooking in the kitchen If possible but he won’t Ⅲ.用省略句式完成下列句子 1.我不会参加那个音乐会，除非被邀请。 I won’t attend the concert ________________. 2.你要那块蛋糕吗？如果不要，我就要了。 Do you want that cake？ _________，I’ll have it. 3.在美国时，我学习了音乐和油画。 _______________，I studied music and painting. unless invited If not While in America 4.在必要时，我可以自己去。 ___________，I will go myself. 5.你最好不要吃药，除非你的医生让你吃。 You’d better not take medicine unless your doctor _____________. If necessary told you to 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1. There’s ____________ (完全地) nothing more the doctors can do. 2.The ________(干旱) there is the worst in a century. 3.We regret to inform you that your ___________ (申请) has not been successful. 4.Do you think the estate agent does provide a reliable sales _________ (小册子)？ absolutely drought application brochure 5.The _____ (气体) is seeping out of the rocks. 6.New roads are cutting into the green ______ (地带). 7.His performance yesterday morning assured him of a record eighth _______ (奖章). 8.Most of the food for the homeless is provided by voluntary _____________ (组织). 9.It sets targets for reduction of ____________ (温室的) gas emissions. 10.The commission is calling for a ________ (全球的) ban on whaling. gas belt medal organizations greenhouse global Ⅱ.单句写作 1.在看这部电影的时候，我感动得流下了眼泪。(while省略句式) __________________________________________________________ 2.入乡随俗。(when省略句式) __________________________________________________________ 3.她想出了一个增加销售量的新招。(come up with) __________________________________________________________ While watching this movie，I was moved to tears. When in Rome，do as the Romans do. She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. 4.他们要求立即释放人质。(call for) __________________________________________________________ 5.他树立了一个坚强生意人的形象。(build up) __________________________________________________________ They called for the immediate release of the hostages. He built up a reputation as a tough businessman. Ⅲ.阅读理解 　　During this holiday season，I will give thanks to many things：my family，my friends，my health.And whales： 　　Now，the last part might raise a few eyebrows at the dinner table.Yet why is it？ Each of those great ocean gardeners will capture about 33 tons of carbon throughout their lives，and spread nutrition that gives rise to countless more lives.One analysis showed that the average whale’s ecological services are worth $2 million，a figure that might be regarded as cold utilitarianism (功利主义)，but is better understood as a nod to just how extraordinary whales are. 　　Truly they are keystone species and not only in life，but in death as well.The washed-ashore carcasses (尸体) of whales were once a common presence on Earth’s coastlines，an important tunnel of nutrition from ocean to land； their bodies are the reason why California condors，the largest birds in North America，are connected with the Pacific coast rather than the continental interior.And when whale bodies fall to the ocean floor，they form organic islands that sustain entire communities for decades. 　　Having realized their importance，what’s next？ A basic，important task is to improve their protection.Hunting whales has ended but threats remain，foremost among which is ship collision (撞击)，leading to the terrible death of whales.Solving that problem is under control. We can do more than that，though.Some people are arguing that they should be formally taken into consideration in political and institutional decision-making.It’s a wild idea，but it can lead to a richer appreciation of whales and it all begins with being thankful to them. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鲸鱼作为关键物种的生态价值及其保护的紧迫性，呼吁人们对鲸鱼的贡献表示感谢并采取更多保护措施。 1.What can be inferred from the text？ A. Whales can be eaten at the dinner table. B. Whales can take in carbon and spread nutrition. C. Whales can be regarded as cold creatures. D. Whales can offer ecological and social services. 1 2 3 4 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Each of those...countless more lives.”可知，鲸鱼能够吸收碳并传播营养，支持更多生命的存在。故选B。 1 2 3 4 2.What does the underlined phrase “keystone species” mean？ A. Popular creatures. B. Smart animals. C. Important creatures. D. Fierce animals. 1 2 3 4 答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“The washed-ashore carcasses...communities for decades.”可知，鲸鱼无论生前还是死后都对生态系统有着重要影响，它们是连接海洋与陆地营养循环的关键，由此可推断，画线部分“keystone species”指的是对生态系统至关重要的生物。因此，选项C“重要的生物”符合句意。故选C。 1 2 3 4 3.What is the biggest threat to whales according to the text？ A. Whale hunting. B. Ship collision. C. Institutional establishment. D. Political decision-making. 1 2 3 4 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Hunting whales has ended...the terrible death of whales.”可知，目前对鲸鱼最大的威胁是船只碰撞。故选B。 1 2 3 4 4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？ A. To introduce whales’ colorful lives. B. To highlight whales’ economic values. C. To present whales’ living conditions. D. To appreciate whales’ lifelong contributions. 1 2 3 4 答案：D 解析：写作目的题。根据第一段的内容及最后一段中的“It’s a wild idea...being thankful to them.”可知，全文围绕着对鲸鱼一生贡献的赞赏与重视展开，因此选项D“感谢鲸鱼一生的贡献”最符合作者的写作目的。故选D。 1 2 3 4 Ⅳ.完形填空 　　Jess，a 14-year-old girl，lives in Mallacoota，a small town in Australia.She is one of many children who have been through mental 　1　 and heartbreak in the New Year bushfires. 　　She 　2　 the bushfires with fear.“I had never been so scared.The sky was turned to blood red，and the embers (余烬) were 　3　 all around us.It was much worse than any 　4　 film，”she said. 　　Jess，along with her family，spent two terrifying days on the local boat where residents stayed for 　5　 ，and it was also a place where 　6　 could not be broken.Jess and her little companions planned to 　7　 their community garden and the house for chickens. 　　One blessing for Mallacoota is that no one 　8　 their life during the disaster. Roads into and out of the town are beginning to reopen.Wandering alone among the houses 　9　 to the ground，Jess still managed to find a 　10　 side and said at least now she would not have to clean her bedroom anymore.In no time she and her companions 　11　 started to restore the community garden and even 　12　 a family of chickens to the new“home”，making something bad into something good. 　　“It’s a long road back to 　13　 life. But it is surely 　14　 if we have the will，” Jess said. “My beloved hometown will 　15　 again.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要从Jess的视角展现了森林火灾对其家乡的破坏和居民在火灾过后重建家园的积极态度。 1.A. disorder B. suffering C. growth D. training 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：B 解析：由下文内容可知，Jess是众多经历过精神痛苦和悲伤的孩子之一。suffering“痛苦”。 2.A. recalled B. imagined C. observed D. controlled 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：A 解析：根据语境可知，Jess已经被救出来了，此处是指她回忆 (recalled) 森林火灾发生的情形时仍感到害怕。 3.A. escaping B. crowding C. flying D. running 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：C 解析：根据语境可知，此处是指天空变成了血红色，余烬在她们周围飞舞。 4.A. scary B. artistic C. fancy D. silent 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：A 解析：根据第二段第一句中的with fear和Jess对火灾的描述可知，她很恐惧火灾，所以这里应该将火灾与恐怖电影作比较，体现Jess对火灾的恐惧与后怕。 5.A. comfort B. peace C. treat D. safety 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：D 解析：根据空后的“and ...could not be broken”和语境可知，Jess和她的家人待在当地的船上，居民在这里应是寻求安全。 6.A. rules B. spirits C. habits D. promises 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：B 解析：上文讲述的是身体安全，空处描述的应该是精神安全。spirit“精神；心灵；情绪”。 7.A. reserve B. design C. rebuild D. decorate 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：C 解析：根据常识可知，火灾的后果是毁灭性的，所以此处是指Jess和她的小伙伴们计划重建他们的社区花园和养鸡的房子。 8.A. saved B. lost C. took D. changed 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：B 解析：根据上文的one blessing可知，这里讲述的应该是值得庆幸的方面，即无人死亡。 9.A. knocked B. blown C. exploded D. burnt 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：D 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处作houses的后置定语；结合语境可知，应选burnt，表示被烧毁的房屋。 10.A. positive B. warm C. familiar D. correct 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：A 解析：根据下文的“at least now she would not have to clean her bedroom anymore”可知，Jess说她“至少再也不用打扫卧室了”，也就是说，她在努力找出灾难带来的积极的方面。 11.A. wisely B. luckily C. actively D. anxiously 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：C 解析：这句话描述了她和她的朋友立即开始恢复社区花园，由此可以推断，她的行为态度是相当积极的，故选actively。 12.A. returned B. welcomed C. forced D. contributed 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：B 解析：这一段在描述Jess的积极态度，所以此处表示Jess甚至欢迎小鸡家族来新家，借此苦中作乐。welcome“欢迎”。 13.A. simple B. common C. normal D. social 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：C 解析：根据语境可知，整篇文章都在描述火灾发生的情形和后续的重建，这里是对前面内容的总结，表示“恢复正常生活还有很长的路要走”。 14.A. hopeful B. risky C. special D. tough 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：A 解析：根据提示词but可知，空处内容与空前内容应构成转折关系，因此此处应该展现的是一种积极的态度，故选hopeful。 15.A. rest B. expand C. struggle D. shine 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：D 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示Jess期待家乡重新闪耀的那一天。 Ⅴ.语法填空 　　 Greenpeace is not satisfied 1.　　　　　　 the EU move，saying in a statement that the 2035 deadline is too late 2._________　　　　　　 (limit) global warming to below 1.5℃. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是绿色和平组织在一份声明中表示，2035年全球变暖无法被控制在1.5℃以下。 1.答案：with 解析：考查介词。be satisfied with是固定短语，意为“对……满意”，故填with。 2.答案：to limit 解析：考查非谓语动词。“too ＋ 形容词 ＋ to do”是固定句型，意为“太……而不能……”，故空处应填to limit。 “Europe desperately needs to decarbonize (使碳减排) transport，but ministers missed a 3.　　　　　　 (gold) opportunity. It is now in 4.　　　　　　 hands of national authorities to cut car usage，boost public transport，and make more livable cities and towns where more people can cycle or walk，” Greenpeace EU transport campaigner Lorelei Limousin said. 3.答案：golden 解析：考查词性转换。空处作定语，修饰名词opportunity，意为“极好的”，故填golden。 4.答案：the 解析：考查冠词。“in the hands of sb.”是固定短语，意为“受某人控制”，故用定冠词the。 Greenpeace criticized EU national governments for 5._____ (open) the door to further promote “expensive and inefficient synthetic (合成的) fuels that are harmful to the environment and the climate”. 5.答案：opening 解析：考查非谓语动词。for是介词，其后跟动词-ing形式作宾语，故填opening。 The Czech Republic，which 6.　　　　 (take) the rotating (轮流) six-month presidency of the Council of the EU from France last Friday，has listed energy sector 7.　　　　　 (transform) as a priority but said that it must be carried out in a socially and 8._____ (economic) sensitive manner so as not to ruin the living standards of EU citizens and the competitiveness of industry. 6.答案：took 解析：考查动词的时态。由last Friday可知，此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填took。 7.答案：transformation(s) 解析：考查词性转换。空处应用名词作宾语，且意为“改革”，故填transformation(s)。 8.答案：economically 解析：考查词性转换。sensitive是形容词，应用副词修饰，故填economically。 European Commission Executive Vice-President Frans Timmermans，9.　　　　　　 is in charge of the EU’s Green Deal initiative，applauded the agreement by EU environment ministers as setting the EU on a path toward 10.　　　　　　 (it) goals. 9.答案：who 解析：考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词European Commission Executive Vice-President Frans Timmermans指人，因此应用关系代词who。 10.答案：its 解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，此处表示“使欧盟走上实现它的目标的道路”，空处意为“它的”，应用形容词性物主代词its。 $$