U1 Period Ⅱ Welcome to the unit -【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（译林版）

必修第三册 Unit 1　Nature in the balance Period Ⅱ　Welcome to the unit & Reading-Language points 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 词汇识记 1.harm n.& vt.伤害，损害 harmful adj.有害 harmless adj.无害的 This object gives off harmful gases，which may do harm to our health.You’d better make the object harmless before you use it. 这个物体会释放有害的气体，这种气体有害于我们的健康。在你用之前最好让它变得无害。 2.length n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长 long adj.长的；长时间的；远的 lengthen vt.加长 To describe it at length，you’d better lengthen your report so that the workshop will be a little longer. 为了详细地描述它，你最好延长你的报告，这样研讨会就会长 一点。 3.biodiversity n.生物多样性 Wetland projects provide an opportunity to positively contribute to regional biodiversity and preservation of natural ecosystems. 湿地项目为区域生物多样性和自然生态系统保护提供了积极贡献的机会。 4.species n.(pl.species)种，物种 Seven species of birds of prey have been observed. 已有七种猛禽被观察到。 5.nut n.坚果 6.brazil nut巴西坚果 7.lily n.百合(花) 8.water lily睡莲 9.variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 vary vi.& vt.有变化；改变 various adj.各种各样的，不同的 With the development of economy，there are various goods in stores，varying from daily groceries to luxury goods，which greatly enrich people’s life.In addition，the goods vary with the season in variety and quantity. 随着经济的发展，商店里的商品种类繁多，从日常用品到奢侈品，大大丰富了人们的生活。此外，货物的种类和数量也随季节而变化。 10.wildlife n.野生动植物，野生生物 Development of the area would endanger wildlife. 开发这一地区将会危及野生生物。 11.beneath prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上 She acts as if even speaking to us is beneath her. 她的样子好像和我们说句话都有失身份。 12.mass n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，广泛的 Most importantly，Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification，which he showed in New York City. 最重要的是，爱迪生意识到成功依赖于大规模的电气化，他在纽约展示了这一点。 The reforms are supported by the mass of the population. 改革得到了大多数人的支持。 13.towering adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的 Without the annual rain，it would dry up and die，but it’s a towering jungle of life with many medicinal plants. 如果没有每年的雨水，它就会干涸而死，但它是一个高耸的生命丛林，有许多药用植物。 14.hardwood n.阔叶树；硬材(阔叶树的木材) 15.living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n.生计，谋生；生活方式 Living creatures are classified into plants，animals and protists. 生物体可分别归类为植物、动物及原生生物。 In some poor countries，it’s hard for masses of people to earn their living. 在一些贫困国家，许多人谋生都很困难。 16.mammal n.哺乳动物 17.jaguar n.美洲豹，美洲虎 18.survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难 survival n.生存，存活；幸存事物survivor n.幸存者 The little girl was the only survivor who survived the strong earthquake.She told the reporter that she had to survive on little food during the days when she was buried.I think her survival was a real wonder. 这个小女孩是这场大地震的唯一幸存者，她告诉记者她在被掩埋的日子里只能依靠很少的食物生存。我想她的生还真的是一个奇迹。 19.frog n.蛙，青蛙 20.in turn相应地，转而 He spends too much time on maths，and this in turn affects the progress of his other subjects. 他在数学上花的时间太多了，这反过来影响了他其他学科的 进步。 21.insect n.昆虫 The sounds made by plants can’t be heard by humans but can probably be heard by various animals，such as bats，mice and insects. 人类听不到植物发出的声音，但这些声音可能会被各种动物听到，比如蝙蝠、老鼠和昆虫。 22.microorganism n.微生物 Aeration is a tank where microorganisms decompose the organism in waste water. 曝气池是微生物分解污水中有机物的场所。 23.break down使分解(为)，使变化(成)；垮掉；出故障；破坏 If George keeps on working so hard，he’ll break down sooner or later. 如果乔治继续这样卖力工作，他迟早会垮掉。 What is known to us all is that the bacteria that live in the soil help to break down our wastes. 我们都知道生活在土壤里的细菌帮助分解我们制造的垃圾。 One night in the pouring rain，Nelson’s car broke down on the road. 一个大雨倾盆的晚上，尼尔森的车在路上出故障了。 Attempts must be made to break down the barriers between the two communities. 必须努力打破这两个团体之间的障碍。 24.nutrient n.营养素，营养物 The roots transmit moisture and nutrient to the trunk and branches. 根将水分和营养传递给树干和树枝。 25.breathe life into给……带来起色，注入活力 All these efforts ultimately improved the river’s ecological environment，helping to breathe life into the river’s species. 所有这些努力最终改善了河流的生态环境，帮助河流中的物种恢复生机。 26.carbon n.碳 Let us appeal to people to enjoy their daily work and life with the low carbon idea. 让我们呼吁人们以低碳理念享受日常的工作和生活。 27.oxygen n.氧，氧气 When we use metals，it is important to know how they react with different substances，for example，water and oxygen. 当我们使用金属时，重要的是要知道它们是如何与不同的物质发生反应的，例如水和氧。 28.thus adv.因此，从而；这样 I don’t approve of smoking in bed，and thus I’m approving of this proposal. 我不赞成在床上吸烟，所以我赞成这个提议。 29.disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪 disappearance n.消失；失踪；消亡 appear vi.出现；呈现；显得 appearance n.出现；外表 His appearance seemed very particular and his disappearance from the party appeared very strange. 他的样子似乎很特别，他从晚会上消失也显得很奇怪。 30.due to由于，因为 The road leading to the mountainous area was closed due to heavy snow. 通往山区的道路因大雪被封闭了。 31.agriculture n.农业，农学 agricultural adj.农业的 Technology is vital for agricultural development.With the development of science and technology，I do believe we will make great advances in agriculture. 技术对农业发展至关重要。随着科学技术的发展，我相信我们将在农业方面取得巨大的进步。 32.cattle n.牛 The peaceful landscape is a true feast for the eyes，with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle. 这里宁静秀美的风光堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中。 33.impact n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 The teacher’s words always have a deep impact on the future of the students. 老师的话总会对学生的将来产生深远的影响。 34.extinction n.灭绝，绝种 extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的 Sadly，many species have become extinct and many are in danger of extinction. 可悲的是，许多物种已经灭绝，许多物种面临灭绝的危险。 35.damage vt.& n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 I have a very strong fear that the lie we’re telling is doing spiritual damage to our children. 我非常担心，我们说的谎可能会对我们的孩子造成精神上的伤害。 He can’t tolerate eating in the studio because it might damage the artworks. 他不能容忍在工作室吃饭，因为这可能会损坏艺术品。 36.climate n.气候；倾向，风气 Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result in further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate. 持续的温室气体排放将导致全球气候进一步变暖和持久变化。 37.build up逐渐增加，扩大 The company has built up a large fund for ages. 多年来这家公司已积累了大量资金。 默写练习 【限时：15分钟】 Ⅰ.默写重点单词 1. ________ n.地区，区域；行政区 2._________ num.一百万；许多，大量 3._________ prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上 4.______ n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，广泛的 5.______ adv.因此，从而；这样 region million beneath mass thus 6.________ n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vt.& vi.有影响；冲击 7.________ n.& vt.损坏，破坏，损害，伤害 8._________ n.种，物种 9.________ n.牛 10.________ n.氧，氧气 11.______ n.& vt.伤害，损害→_________ adj.有害的→__________ adj.无害的 12.______ adj.长的；长时间的；远的→________ n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→___________vt.加长 impact damage species cattle oxygen harm harmful harmless long length lengthen 13.______vi.& vt.有变化；改变→_________ n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→__________adj.各种各样的，不同的 14._________ vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→__________n.生存，存活；幸存事物→__________ n.幸存者 15. ________ vi.出现；呈现；显得→____________n.出现；外表→___________ vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→________________n.消失；失踪；消亡 16._____________ n.农业→______________ adj.农业的 17._________adj.灭绝的，绝种的→____________ n.灭绝，绝种 vary variety various survive survival survivor appear appearance disappear disappearance agriculture agricultural extinct extinction Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1.It is obvious that the polluted air in this region is _________ (harm) to our health. 2.He was surprised at the _______________ (disappear) of many species of plants from our planet. 3.We decided to hold a party in celebration of his _______ (survive). harmful disappearance survival 4.As we all know，Chinese food is famous for its wide ________ (vary). 5.An operation is beginning to try to save a species of deer from ____________ (extinct). variety extinction Ⅲ.默写核心短语 1._________ 相应地，转而 2.____________ 使分解(为)，使变化(成) 3.___________________ 给……带来起色，注入活力 4.________ 由于，因为 5.____________ 对……有害 6.__________ 砍倒；削减，缩小 in turn break down breathe life into due to do harm to cut down 7.______________________ 各种各样的 8._________ 以……为食 9.__________ 使逐渐增加，使扩大 10._________ 吸收；欺骗；领会 a variety of/varieties of feed on build up take in Ⅳ.选词填空 从核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子 1.Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks ___________ in disasters. 2.Theory is based on practice and _________ serves practice. 3._______ the driver’s carelessness，the accident causes two deaths. break down in turn Due to 4.If you want to get along well with others，you have to __________ trust. 5.Film critics are hoping the young director can _________________ the film industry. build up breathe life into 词汇精研 (1)do/cause harm to sb./sth.＝do/cause sb./sth.harm对……有害 do more harm than good弊大于利 mean (sb.) no harm没有恶意 There is no harm in doing sth.做某事并无害处。 (2)be harmful to对……有害 (3)be harmless to对……无害 1.harm n.& vt.伤害，损害(harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的) [教材原文] The human race has done much harm. 人类已经造成了很多危害。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①If we know that gossip can be _________ (harm)，then why do so many of us do it？ ②There is no harm ____ giving gifts to children，but they should not be rewards. ③The doctor says that this material is __________ (harm) to human beings and has no impact on our health. harmful in harmless ④(建议信)不可否认，过度使用互联网在一定程度上损害了我们的身心健康。 →There is no denying that overusing the Internet to some extent ________________________________.(harm vt.) →There is no denying that overusing the Internet to some extent ____________________________________________.(harm n.) →There is no denying that overusing the Internet to some extent _____________________________________.(harmful adj.) harms our physical and mental health does/causes harm to our physical and mental health is harmful to our physical and mental health (1)a variety of＝varieties of各种各样的 (2)vary in在……方面不同 vary with随……而变化 vary according to根据……而变化 vary from...to...从……到……变化 2.variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体(vary vi.相异；变化 various adj.各种各样的) [教材原文] The forest’s different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. 雨林的不同层次使种类多到难以置信的野生动植物得以生存。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级 ①Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange，but they are important in _________ (vary) countries. various ②When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America，the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing _______ (vary) of wildlife. ③The research team is made up of pupils whose ages vary ______ 10 to 15. ④Our school has built a new stadium.It has all kinds of well-equipped facilities. →Our school has built a new stadium，________________________ ___________________________________.(定语从句；词汇升级) variety from which has various/varieties of/a variety of well-equipped facilities [名师点津]　(1)a variety of和varieties of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；the variety of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 (2)variety可用 wide，great，large等修饰。 (1)a mass of/masses of大量的 the mass of...……中的大多数 the masses群众 (2)mass production批量生产 3.mass n.团，块，堆；大量，一大群adj.大批的，广泛的 [教材原文] Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. 在那之上，大量落叶散落在昏暗的雨林地面上。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The sky was full of dark ________ (mass) of clouds. ②Masses of customers _____ (be) entering the supermarket. ③The page is covered with __mass of figures. ④一堆积雪和岩石突然崩落到登山者的身上。 __________________ snow and rocks broke away and fell on the climbers. are A mass of/Masses of a masses [名师点津]　a mass of和masses of后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词，“a mass of和masses of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数要与of后的名词保持一致。 survive on靠……生存 struggle to survive为了生存而挣扎 survive from...从……时期留存下来 survive sb.by...比某人多活…… 4.survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难(survival n.生存；幸存；survivor n.幸存者，生还者) [教材原文] While a significant number of jaguars survive here，they are only one element of this forest’s food chain. 尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一个要素。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句式升级 ①Determining where we are in relation to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our __________ (survive). survival ②There are only a few ___________ (survive) from the original team. ③Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe，surviving entirely___ discarded(丢弃的) food. ④Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness，she still survived her husband ____ 5 years. survivors by on ⑤(心理描写)After she had survived that night，she was confident that everything else would be all right. → ________________________，she was confident that everything else would be all right.(分词短语作状语) [名师点津]　survive表示“从地震、火灾、事故等中幸存下来”时是及物动词，应为survive the earthquake/fire/accident等。 Having survived that night take turns轮流 take turns to do sth.＝take turns (in) doing sth.轮流做某事 It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了。 by turns轮流，交替 take a turn for the worse/better 情况恶化/好转 5.in turn相应地，转而；依次 [教材原文] These frogs，in turn，feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. 相应地，这些青蛙以昆虫为食，而昆虫则吃树叶和水果。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Each of us ____turn described how pollution had been caused. ②The two sisters took care of their sick mother _____turns. by in ③It’s my turn __________ (clean) the blackboard today. ④一些学生代表轮流在成人礼上发言。最后轮到我发言了。就我个人而言，过去是我们的父母和老师在很多方面帮助了我们，相应地，从现在起我们应该帮助他们。 Some student representatives ____________ to deliver speeches at the coming-of-age ceremony.Finally，it _____________.Personally，in the past it was our parents and teachers that helped us in many aspects and _________，we should give a helping hand to them from now on. to clean took turns was my turn in turn break out疾病、战争、火灾等突然开始；爆发 break in强行进入；插话，打断 break into强行闯入；突然开始(笑、唱)等 break through突围；突破 break up解散；关系破裂；拆开 break off折断；断开；中断 6.break down使分解(为)，使变化(成)；发生故障；失败 [教材原文] When a jaguar dies，a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth. 当美洲豹死后，一小群微生物帮助分解它的尸体，并将营养物质返还给土壤。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The fire broke _____ at midnight when people fell sound asleep. ②Unluckily，his car broke ______ halfway to the campsite. out down ③In order to get some money，the man broke ____ that old machine and sold some parts. ④如果你继续像那样工作的话，迟早会累垮的。 ______________________________ if you go on working like that. up You will break down sooner or later be due to do sth.预计要做某事 be due to sb.应支付/归于某人 be due for sth.预定做某事；应得到某物 7.due to因为，由于(due adj.到期的；预期的) [教材原文] Over the past 50 years，about 17 per cent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming. 在过去的50年里，由于农耕和养牛等人类活动，约17％的雨林已经消失了。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①My phone doesn’t work because the phone bill is due ___________ (pay). to be paid ②The band’s first album is due ____release later this month. ③这场比赛将于本周六下午在市体育场举行，目的是帮助我们与朋友学校沟通，增进我们的友谊。 The match __________________ this Saturday afternoon in the city’s stadium，whose aim is to help us communicate with our friend schools and improve our friendship. for is due to be held [名师点津]　due to“由于，因为”，常作表语，也可作状语，但一般不能放于句首。表示“由于，因为”的其他常见短语： ①thanks to； ②because of； ③owing to。 have/make an impact on对……有影响 impact on/upon (对……)产生影响 8.impact n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 [教材原文] As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer，we are left with a question：can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？ 随着人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后 果吗？ [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①They say they expect the meeting to have a marked impact ____ the future of the country. ②Her father’s death impacted greatly ________ her childhood years. on on/upon ③巴黎奥运会的成功举办对世界有积极的影响。 →The successful hosting of the Pairs Summer Olympics ______________ _______ the world.(impact n.) →The successful hosting of the Pairs Summer Olympics ______________ ___ the world.(impact vi.) has a positive impact positively impacts on damage one’s health损害某人的健康 do/cause damage to...对……造成损害 9.damage vt.& n.损坏，破坏，损害，伤害 [教材原文] As the impact of human activities continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer，we are left with a question：can we afford to damage the “lungs of the planet”？ 随着人类活动的影响不断增加，濒危物种的名单越来越长，这就留给我们一个问题：我们能承担得起损害“地球之肺”的后 果吗？ [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I have a very strong fear that the lie we’re telling is doing spiritual damage ____ our children. ②保险公司同意赔偿损失，他的坚持不懈终于得到了回报。 His persistence was finally rewarded when the insurance company agreed to ____________________. to pay for the damage ③(倡议书)我们最好改掉吸烟的坏习惯，因为吸烟会对我们的健康造成损害。 We’d better get rid of the bad habit of smoking，for smoking can _________________________. do/cause damage to our health 【易混辨析】damage/destroy/ruin damage 指损害人或物而使之失去价值、功能或正常的外观，但这种破坏具有可修复性。它可以用作动词，也可以用作名词 destroy 常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的破坏、毁坏，程度较深；也可以指希望、计划等破灭。只能用作动词，名词为destruction ruin 指以自然力或人为力量破坏，使其“荒废，毁坏”以致无法恢复原状，强调该物的使用价值发生了问题。可以作名词，也可以作动词。常用短语是in ruins，表示“破败不堪” 句式剖析 (1)此句是一个简单句，句中more than half the size of含有倍数表达。 (2)英语里常见的倍数表达法： 倍数＋ 1.倍数表达法 [教材原文] With an area of around 6 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. 亚马孙雨林面积约为600万平方千米，面积超过中国国土面积的一半。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The electronic waste stream is increasing three times ________ (fast) than traditional garbage as a whole. faster ②The number of students now in this school is four times _____it was ten years ago. ③正在修建的新体育馆将是操场的两倍大。 →The new stadium being built will be ___________________the playground.(size) →The new stadium being built will be ____________ the playground. (as...as) twice the size of twice as big as what [名师点津]　(1)表示“两倍”时用twice或double，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”表达。 (2)此句型中倍数也可以用分数、百分数、half等其他程度状语来表达。 (1)本句是一个主从复合句；句中含有“from＋which”引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词the Amazon River，在句中作from的宾语。 2.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 (2)使用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时需注意以下几点： ①在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词只用whom (先行词指人)，which (先行词指物)和whose (表示所属关系)； ②“介词＋关系代词”可引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语 从句； ③在限制性定语从句中，介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略；但若介词后置，则可用that代替which，who代替whom，也可省略关系代词； ④介词的确定要遵循“一先、二动、三意义”的原则。“一先”即根据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；“二动”即根据定语从句中动词或形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；“三意义”即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。 [教材原文] The Amazon River，from which the rainforest gets its name，is close to 6，400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6 400千米，比长江还长约100千米。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Life is not fairy tales ___which everyone will have a happy ending. ②Leave him a note at the reception desk，______which he will learn how to find you. ③我给这些学生拍了一张照片，他们中间坐着一位老师。 I took a photo of the students，____________ was seated a teacher. from among whom in (1)Above that is the mass of leaf litter...是完全倒装结构。正常语序为：The mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor is above that. (2)有时为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，可用全部倒装结构。构成全部倒装结构的条件： ①表示地点或方位的副词here，there，up，down，out，in，away；表示时间的副词now，then； 表语以及表示地点的介词短 语位于句首； 3.完全倒装 ②谓语动词通常是表示姿势的不及物动词(如crouch，hang，lie，sit，stand等)和表示行动的不及物动词(如come，die，go，run，live，rise等)。 注意：句子的主语是名词时主谓需要倒装，如果句子的主语是代词，则主谓不倒装。 [教材原文] Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. 在那之上，大量落叶散落在昏暗的雨林地面上。 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级 ①As soon as the bell rang，out ________ (rush) the children. ②To the west of the city ________ (stand) an old library in which many ancient books are well preserved. rushed stands ③(建议信)以下是如何平衡兼职工作和学习的一些建议。 _______________________ on how to keep a balance between a part-time job and study. ④(校园介绍)我们学校的中心矗立着我们的图书馆，它在花园和教学楼之间。 In the centre of our school _____________，which is between the garden and the teaching building. Here are some suggestions lies our library ⑤(动作描写)A boy is standing outside the classroom，lowering his head and crying silently. → __________________________________，lowering his head and crying silently.(倒装句) Standing outside the classroom is a boy 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.The article advances a new theory to explain changes in the ______ (气候). 2.In the natural world，increased ______________ (生物多样性) is closely correlated with higher whole-system productivity. 3.He has returned to his motherland from his long __________ (海外的) trip. climate biodiversity overseas 4.Demand is __________ (影响) by uncertainties about economic growth. 5.There were _______ (堆) of dark clouds in the sky，which showed that it was likely to rain. 6.Not all chemicals normally present in living ________________ (微生物) are harmless. impacted masses microorganisms 7.The old man left an estate of two _________ (百万) dollars when he died. 8.He is one of the greatest ________ (活着的) scientists in the country. 9.On a shelf _________ (在……下面) he spotted a photo album. 10.I continued studying moths，and branched out to other ________ (昆虫). million living beneath insects Ⅱ.选词填空 in turn，build up，break down，due to，breathe life into，a variety of 1.The project about protecting wildlife had to be stopped ________ a lack of funding. 2.Her mother taught her，and she _________ taught her daughter. 3.In addition，the museum bar also serves ____________beer，wine and sparkling wine. due to in turn a variety of 4.It was the readers who ____________________ a newspaper with their letters several years ago. 5.A tiny army of microorganisms will ____________ a jaguar’s body when it dies. 6.It may take a few weeks for you to _________ your strength again. in turn，build up，break down，due to，breathe life into，a variety of breathed life into break down build up Ⅲ.完成句子 1.尽管我承认他的优点，但我也发现了他的不足。(while引导让步状语从句) __________________________，I can see his shortcomings. 2.每克脂肪比每克糖的热量大两倍还多。 Every gram of fat has _______________________ of a gram of sugar. While I admit his good points more than twice the calories 3.这件不光彩的事件对他的个人名誉造成了极大的损害。 The disgraceful incident has _____________________ his reputation. 4.这个决定是个沉重的打击，他一直没有从中完全恢复过来。 The decision was a bitter blow，_____________________________. 5.混合动力汽车对环境危害不大。 Hybrid cars _______________ the environment. caused great damage to from which he never quite recovered do little harm to 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.There is ___ wide variety of patterns to choose from. 2.The amount of pension depends partly on the ______ (long) of service with the company. 3.Conservationists calculate that hundreds of ______ (species) could be lost in this area. 4.Increased production will of course ___ turn lead to increased profits. a length species in 5.We watched as the train _____________ (appear) into the distance. 6.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year，but we eat _______ (two) as much fish in restaurants as at home. 7.Smoking is not only _________ (harm) to smokers themselves，but also threatens other people’s health. 8.The course normally attracts about 100 students per year，of ______ up to half will be from abroad. disappeared twice harmful whom 9.Now some wildlife is in danger of ____________ (extinct) on account of human activities. 10.Unfortunately，she was the only __________ (survive) of her family in the earthquake. extinction survivor Ⅱ.单句写作 1.躺在地板上的是一个受伤的农家男孩。(全部倒装) __________________________________________________________ 2.由于有很多家庭作业要做，小男孩只好一整天待在家里。 (独立主格结构) __________________________________________________________ Lying on the floor was a wounded peasant boy. Lots of homework to do，the little boy had to stay at home all day. 3.根据面貌判断，他可能是个印度人。(judging from) __________________________________________________________ 4.我们的操场是他们的两倍大。(倍数表达法) __________________________________________________________ Judging from his appearance，he might be an Indian. Our playground is twice the size of/as big as theirs. There are forty students in the classroom，all of whom are working hard at a problem 5.教室里有40名学生，他们都在努力解决一道数学题。(“介词＋which”引导定语从句) __________________________________________________________ ________________in mathematics. Ⅲ.阅读理解 A 　　Drones are increasingly flying in our skies，capturing images，managing crops and soon，delivering packages.But what do the birds make of this invasion of their territory？ 　　With strict animal ethics approval，we flew drones towards flocks of birds in Queensland’s Moreton Bay.We found many species were not disturbed，provided the drone was small and flew above 60 m. 　　The exception was the critically endangered eastern curlews (杓鹬)，which became alarmed and flew away-even when a tiny drone approached at the maximum legal altitude of 120 m.But when eastern curlews took flight，other nearby species were often startled，creating a domino effect that eventually caused the whole flock to take flight. 　　Drone disturbance can interrupt birds as they rest or feed.It can even cause them to avoid some locations altogether.If the birds are consistently interrupted or scared away from their preferred habitats，they may find it difficult to eat and rest enough to survive and reproduce.This is particularly concerning for species such as eastern curlews，which migrate thousands of kilometres to breed. 　　We studied a diverse group of birds typically found along coastlines，known as shorebirds.Heartbreakingly，their global population has plummeted as they continue to battle habitat destruction，sea level rise，disturbance and hunting. 　　The last few decades have been bleak for the eastern curlew，which is the world’s largest migratory shorebird.Research in 2011 indicated a population decline of 80％ over three generations. 　　While drones are unlikely to have played a major role in the shorebird decline so far，our results，combined with the increasing presence of drones along our coastline，indicate they could become yet another source of disturbance for these birds，many of which are already endangered. Drones can be beneficial in many ways，but we must identify when and how drones can be used to minimise potential harm.In some locations，such as some Australian national parks，drone use is already prohibited or restricted.But managers need to understand how drones affect wildlife to inform these regulations. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人机越来越多地飞行在天空中，这些无人机的出现会对海边的鸟类产生影响，因此相关管理部门应采取相应措施监管无人机的使用。 1.What’s the problem with eastern curlews？ A. They are being killed. B. They are being disturbed. C. Their safety is being threatened. D. Their habitats are being damaged. 1 2 3 4 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The exception was...legal altitude of 120 m.”可知，东部杓鹬的问题是它们经常被打扰而受到惊吓，从而飞离原来的栖息地。故选B。 1 2 3 4 2.What do we learn about eastern curlews？ A. They are able to fly above 120 meters. B. They can’t find a place to eat and rest. C. They adapt to the environment quickly. D. They are sensitive to their surroundings. 1 2 3 4 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容和第三段中的“The exception was...legal altitude of 120 m.”可知，如果无人机飞行在60米以上，大部分鸟类不会受到无人机的干扰，但是东部杓鹬是个例外，即使一架小型无人机在法定最高飞行高度 120米接近它们时，它们也会受到惊吓，由此可推知，东部杓鹬对周围环境很敏感。故选D。 1 2 3 4 3.What does the underlined word “plummeted” in paragraph 5 mean？ A. Reduced sharply.　　　 B. Increased rapidly. C. Recovered slowly. D. Changed gradually. 1 2 3 4 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句子可知，东部杓鹬一直面临栖息地被破坏、海平面上升、干扰和狩猎等问题，由此可推知，它们的数量应该是一直在减少，画线单词意为“减少”。故选A。 4.What’s the author’s final conclusion about drones？ A. They pose no threat to eastern curlews. B. They should be forbidden near the shores. C. They should be used under certain regulations. D. They benefit eastern curlews in a number of ways. 1 2 3 4 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，作者对无人机的最终结论是它们应该在一定的规定下使用。故选C。 B 　　As an active duty Marine and marathon runner，27-year-old Wesley Swainston runs regularly and always has a dog by his side.However，the dogs are usually not his. 　　Wesley lovingly calls these dogs “shelter gems”-pups that are amazing but not adopted because they have not spent enough time with people and are stressed out in the shelter.His goal is to find them forever homes by spending time with them and documenting their journeys. 　　Wesley visits nearby shelters after work every week.It all started when he noticed that many shelter dogs lack socialization and interaction with humans.As a result，when they encounter visitors，they often bark and become frantic in their cages.“They haven’t seen a lot of life，” he says.“So they’re going to be pretty fearful of people and things like cars or leaves blowing on the ground.” Wesley discovered that taking them out for runs and exposing them to the outside world can have a transformative effect.“It was a night and day difference，” he says.“It gives them a chance to get away from the shelter，which is super stressful.” 　　Every month，dogs featured by Wesley find their forever homes as people see their personalities and journeys through his social media.One of the dogs Wesley worked closely with was a pit bull boxer mix named Bear，whose high energy and jumping habits kept him from finding a forever home.Before meeting Wesley，Bear was one of the longest residents at the shelter，having been there since he was a puppy.Wesley spent months running with Bear， taking him to places like Lowe’s and filming him enjoying the world outside.Eventually，people started recognizing Bear in public.After months of dedication，Bear’s big moment came-he was adopted by a family from Maine！ “It made me feel like I’m making a difference，”says Wesley. “This has given me way more than I’ve sacrificed.” Through his actions，Wesley hopes to inspire more people to spend time with their local shelter dogs.“If you just set aside a little bit of time，you can make a huge difference in a person’s life and an animal’s life，” he says.“So that’s the goal.” [语篇解读]　本文为一篇记叙文。文章介绍了27岁的Wesley经常跑步，并总是带着一只收容所的狗在身边，帮助狗找到主人的故事。 5.Why does Wesley always take dogs out for runs？ A. To relieve stress of work. B. To find them forever homes. C. To promote the shelters. D. To ensure safety of the dogs. 5 6 7 8 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“His goal is...documenting their journeys.”可知，他带着收容所的狗跑步是为了帮助狗找到永远的家。故选B。 5 6 7 8 5 6 7 8 6.What does the underlined word “frantic” in paragraph 3 mean？ A. Calm and relaxed. B. Nervous but curious. C. Frightened and upset. D. Confused but delighted. 答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“As a result...on the ground.”可知，这些狗关在笼子里没有见过很多生活，它们害怕人和东西，所以画线词指的是“害怕的”和“沮丧的”。故选C。 5 6 7 8 7.What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about？ A. The reasons why dogs are not adopted. B. An example of Wesley’s meaningful act. C. The role social media plays in daily life. D. The process of helping dogs find shelters. 5 6 7 8 答案：B 解析：段落大意题。第五段通过讲述一只名为Bear的狗找到了家的故事来作为Wesley有意义行为的一个例子。故选B。 8.Which of the following best describes Wesley？ A. Caring. B. Generous. C. Confident. D. Ambitious. 5 6 7 8 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“Through his actions...‘So that’s the goal.'”以及全文内容可知，Wesley帮助收容所的狗找到主人以及鼓励更多的人花时间和当地收容所的狗在一起，由此可推知，他是有爱心的、体贴的。故选A。 Ⅳ.完形填空 　　I was first going into this final day，the Junior Sled Dog Championship.We’d trained two years and wanted to beat Blake.I knelt down to pat Kenai and my hands 　1　 from nerves and excitement.Kenai tipped up his face to lick my chin.“You are 　2　，aren’t you？” 　　Just before the countdown started，Blake shot me a 　3　 grin，hands trembling too.Then I heard，“Go！” 　4　 I could yell “Hike！”，Kenai leaped forward.The rest of the dogs 　5　 after.We started last.We flew down the long hill.Then we 　6　 a corner.I leaned to keep the sled steady.Kenai saw Blake’s team before I did.His tail flew up，and he 　7　.Seeing his tongue still flopping forward，I let him go all out.We closed the 　8　.A bridge later，we inched closer.On the next hill，Kenai drew even with Blake’s sled and then we passed it. 　　　9　 our sled hit a branch.The runners caught.I lost my 　10　 and fell off the sled.Witnessing the sled come to a stop，I struggled through the deep snow to Kenai.I 　11　.His shoulder was bleeding. 　　“Kenai！ No！” My voice came out a howl.Kenai 　12　 to stand.He looked at me，his blue eyes 　13　 to keep on.He would do it，too.For one frozen moment I saw myself on the winner’s stand with the trophy.But no. I bent and gently 　14　 Kenai in a blanket. 　　The race vet examining Kenai，I watched Blake accept the trophy.Kenai squirming (扭动) in my lap，I leaned over upon him.Just at that moment，I felt a warm tongue on my wet cheek.I smiled and realized that I had the 　15　 that really counted. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一场雪橇狗锦标赛中的情景。主人公希望击败对手Blake，但比赛中发生了意外。最终他们虽未获胜，但体验到了真正的奖励——与Kenai之间深厚的情感纽带。 1.A.softened B.shook C.withdrew D.extended 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：B 解析：根据下文“from nerves and excitement”可知，“我”的手是颤抖的。故选B项。 2.A.clever B.thirsty C.helpful D.ready 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：D 解析：根据下文“Just before the countdown started”可知，在倒计时之前，做起跑准备。故选D项。 3.A.broad B.satisfied C.tight D.slight 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：C 解析：根据“hands trembling too”可知，Blake此刻也是紧张的，因此笑容是紧张的。故选C项。 4.A.As B.Beyond C.Before D.After 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：C 解析：根据上文“Go！”可知，在“我”喊出发之前，Kenai听到别人的“出发”后就蹿了出去。故选C项。 5.A.pulled B.charged C.jumped D.barked 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：B 解析：根据下文“On the next hill，Kenai drew even with Blake’s sled and then we passed it.”可知，很多狗紧随其后一起向前猛冲。故选B项。 6.A.cut B.missed C.kept D.rounded 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：D 解析：根据上文提到飞快地跑下了长长的山坡，以及此处“a corner”可知，到转弯处附近转弯。故选D项。 7.A.took off B.flew away C.turned around D.bent forward 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：A 解析：根据下文“On the next hill...then we passed it.”可知，Kenai速度飞快，很快超过了Blake。故选A项。 8.A.race B.difference C.gap D.goal 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：C 解析：根据下文“On the next hill...then we passed it.”可知，Kenai速度飞快，拉近了差距，很快超过了Blake。故选C项。 9.A.Suddenly B.Finally C.Gradually D.Occasionally 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：A 解析：根据下文“...our sled hit a branch.The runners caught.”可知，此刻出现了突发状况，“我们”的雪橇突然撞上了树枝。故选 A项。 10.A.way B.hold C.temper D.sight 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：B 解析：根据下文“fell off the sled”可知，“我”没抓住，从雪橇上摔了下来。故选B项。 11.A.quit B.insisted C.sighed D.froze 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：D 解析：根据下文“His shoulder was bleeding.”可知，看到Kenai肩膀流血，“我”很紧张，“我”的反应是愣在原地。故选D项。 12.A.struggled B.decided C.refused D.pretended 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：A 解析：根据上文“Witnessing the sled come to a stop，I struggled through the deep snow to Kenai.”并结合Kenai受伤可知，Kenai也挣扎着努力站起来想继续比赛。故选A项。 13.A.forcing B.begging C.ordering D.persuading 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：B 解析：根据下文“He would do it，too.”可知，Kenai想继续下去，乞求“我”继续下去。故选B项。 14.A.took in B.brought up C.talked to D.wrapped up 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：D 解析：根据下文“Kenai in a blanket”可知，“我们”没有赢得比赛，比赛结束后，“我”用毯子把它包裹起来去看兽医。故选D项。 15.A.achievement B.companion C.prize D.friendship 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 答案：C 解析：根据上文“For one frozen moment I saw myself on the winner’s stand with the trophy.But no.”可知，“我们”没有赢得比赛，但是最后“我”收获了与Kenai之间深厚的情感纽带，这对“我”而言是真正重要的奖品。故选C项。 $$