U1 Nature in the balance 单元基础知识回顾-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（译林版）

必修第三册 UNIT 1　Nature in the balance 单元基础知识回顾 Ⅰ.语境识词——写出下列词汇在句中的词性和词义 1.harm /hɑːm/ (1)It may harm children’s health. _______________ (2)Many lifestyles do great harm to health nowadays. ______________ vt.伤害，损害 n.伤害，损害 2.mass /mæs/ (1)Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants，flowers，patterns and masses of color. ________ (2)This is a TV programme that brings science to the masses. ______ (3)The method is suitable for mass products with low cost. ____________________ n.大量 n.群众 adj.大批的，广泛的 3.living /ˈlɪvɪŋ/ (1)All living things need air，water and sunlight. ________________ (2)English is a living language. ______________ (3)How does he make a living？ ______________ adj.活着的，活的 adj.在使用的 n.生计，谋生 4.survive /səˈvaɪv/ (1)Some strange customs have survived from earlier times. _______________ (2)It’s said that the woman survived her husband by 10 years. _________________ (3)Two children are lucky to survive a deadly accident on a river rapids ride in a popular theme park belonging to the local government in Australia. ___________________ vi.生存，存活 vt.比……活得长 vt.幸存，幸免于难 5.impact /ˈɪmpækt/n.　/ɪmˈpækt/v. (1)But those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities. ______________ (2)Her father’s death impacted greatly on her childhood years. ___________ n.影响，作用 vi.有影响 6.application /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/ (1)Remember to attach your photo to the application letter. ________ (2)As a matter of fact，this is performed transparently to the users of application. ______________ n.申请 n.应用，运用 7.track /træk/ (1)It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a muddy track. ______________ (2)We saw wild animals’ tracks near the cave.We guessed they may be deer’s. ______________ n.小路，小道 n.足迹，轨迹 (3)The research project involves tracking the careers of 400 graduates. __________ (4)The teacher asked them to run five times round the track as punishment. ________ vt.跟踪 n.跑道 8.chief /tʃiːf/ (1)In the longhouse，the tribe’s chief influenced both political and religious affairs. ____________________ (2)Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City-its present population is 762. ____________ (3)He was recently appointed chief economist at the Bank of Scotland. ____________ n.首领，最高领导人 adj.主要的 adj.首席的 9.protest /prəˈtest/ (1)There is no use protesting.I won’t change my mind. _______________ (2)The bill was eventually paid under protest. ______________ (3)We urged her to come to the party with us，but she protested that she was too tired. _____________ vi.反对，抗议 vt.坚持声称 n. 抗议，反对 10.profit /ˈprɒfɪt/ (1)Her proposal was met with an enthusiastic response.By responding quickly to changes in the markets，farmers can earn enough profits. ________________ (2)Farmers are profiting from the new legislation. _________________ vi.获益，得到好处 n.利润，收益 11.process /ˈprəʊses/ (1)Scientific discoveries are often applied to industrial processes. _____________ (2)The speed with which digital cameras can take，process，and transmit an image is phenomenal. _________ vt.处理 n.过程，进程 12.branch /brɑːntʃ/ (1)From where it begins to where it ends，the river has many branches. ________ (2)Once the book you’ve requested is delivered to the nearest branch，they will inform you by e-mail，so you can pick it up. ________ n.分店 n.支流 (3)Amazingly，the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches，although close together，never actually touch those of another tree. ___________ n.树枝 13.official /əˈfɪʃl/ (1)The foreign minister will make an official visit to Paris next week. ____________ (2)All foreign visitors must register with the state official on entering the country. ________ (3)Indeed，official figures suggest the population of the country has shrunk by 5％ since 2008. ____________ adj.公务的 n.官员 adj.官方的 14.poison /ˈpɔɪzn/ (1)After entering the body，these tiny living things release poisons that make people sick. ______________ (2)She was accused in 1974 of poisoning her second husband，Charles. _______________ (3)The cruel man killed his wife by poisoning her coffee. _________ n.毒物，毒药 vt.毒死，毒害 vt.下毒 15.chemical /ˈkemɪkl/ (1)The chemicals upset the balance of the environment.____________ (2)The government has prohibited the use of chemical weapons. ____________ n.化学制品 adj.化学的 16. further /ˈfɜːðə(r)/ (1)They hoped the new project would further the cause of cultural cooperation in Europe. _______________ (2)The drug is said to have side effects and has been withdrawn from the market for further tests. ________________________ (3)His rude remarks only fuelled the argument further. ____________ vt.促进，增进 adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.进一步 17.belt /belt/ (1)Our roles in the factory were simple：Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing (糖霜) ears.Apply icing eyes and nose. __________ (2)A belt of trees grows between the two fields，which looks beautiful. ______________ (3)I was upset that the belt I just bought couldn’t meet round my waist. _________ n.传送带 n.地带，地区 n.腰带 Ⅱ.语境用词——根据语境填写适当内容 1.harm (1)The overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than _________ (harm). (2)The dogs look fierce，but actually they are __________ (harm). (3)Modern farming methods have done considerable harm ____ the countryside. harmful harmless to (4)尽管太阳光线会老化并且伤害我们的皮肤，但它们也会给我们带来有益的维生素D。 →While the sun’s rays can age and _______________，they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. (harm vt.) →While the sun’s rays can age and __________________，they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. (harm n.) →While the sun’s rays can age and ____________________，they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. (harmful adj.) harm our skin do harm to our skin be harmful to our skin (5)她看到孩子们没有出事，松了一口气。 →She was relieved to see the children _____________________. →She was relieved to see the children __________________________. had come to no harm hadn’t come to any harm 2.length (1)My ruler seems not very ______，but it is three times the ________ of yours.(long) (2)We have discussed ___________ (详细地) the matter of how to avoid harming the trees when we build the house. (3)When standing ____________________(长时间)，remember to flex your knees. (4)They _____________________ (尽其所能) to make us feel welcome. long length at length for any length of time have gone to great lengths 3.variety (1)We all need ________________ (饮食多样化). (2)Every time I mark the students’ homework，I find it _____________ (质量参差不齐). (3)There were a few ropes on the floor whose length ________________ __________________ (从3米到5米不等). (4)_________________ (食物品种) at the restaurant is limited，but the amount of each dish is fairly large. variety in our diet varies in quality varied between 3 metres and 5 metres The variety of foods 4.mass (1)A mass of snow ______ (lie) in the yard. (2)Masses of evidence _______ (show) that the major cause of the accident is his carelessness，and a mass of citizens _____ (be) in favour of this idea. lies shows are 5.living 昨晚我观看了一个直播的电视节目。有一个男孩喜欢所有的生物。他在一个小缸里养了一条活泼的鱼，他决定把鱼放生，让鱼在河里生活。 I watched a ______ TV program yesterday evening.There was a boy liking all ________ things.He kept a ________ fish in a small jar.He decided to free it and kept the fish _______ in the river. live living lively alive 6.survive (1)Major Hawkins was the only __________ (survive) of the crash. (2)Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the _______ (survive) of our natural resources. (3)The New Theatre is Cardiff ’s oldest __________ (survive) traditional theatre. (4)I don’t know how you all manage to survive ____ Jeremy’s salary. (5)He ___________________ (在事故中幸免于难) without any injury. survivor survival surviving on survived the accident 7.in turn (1)The two brothers take _______ (turn) to look after their father. (2)I felt very nervous when it was my turn __________ (deliver) a speech. (3)During the summer holidays，the teachers were on duty ____ turns. turns to deliver by 8.disappear (1)Her sudden _______________ (appear) was very worrying. (2)Then there’s the kind of popularity that _________ (appear) in adolescence：status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. disappearance appears (3)Even though he often felt he would be discovered to be a no-talent，he moved forward，gaining a scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse and making his first television ____________ (appear) a few years later in 1948. (4)Dad quickened his steps and _________________________________ (消失在人群中). appearance disappeared into a crowd of people 9.due to (1)The books must be returned before the due date or the kid cannot borrow other books.____________ (2)After due consideration it was decided to send him away to live with his foster parents.____________ (3)He is due ____________ (address) a conference on human rights next week. (4)他失误的原因是年轻没有经验。 His mistake was ________ (由于)youth and inexperience. adj.到期的 adj.适当的 to address due to 10.impact (1)We have realized the environmental impact ____ tourism. (2)Artificial intelligence has already made ____ impact on our lives in many ways. (3)Despite the negative _________ (impact) on our health，fast food is still attractive to a pretty large number of people. of an impacts 11.distinct (1)Jamaican reggae music is quite distinct ______ North American jazz or blues. (2)A _____________(distinct) will be made between foreign experts and foreign employees. (3)They can even _____________ (distinguished) their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger. (4)As our _______________ (distinguish) foreign language teacher，your aid can help us a lot. from distinction distinguish distinguished 12.damage (1)Too much sun can __________________________ (对你的皮肤造成严重损伤). (2)The heavy rain ____________________________________(对庄稼造成了很大的损害). do severe damage to your skin has done/caused great damage to the crops (3)The footballer ________________________________(可以向我们索要赔偿) if we were wrong. (4)他们修理好并重新粉刷了在地震中受损的大楼。 They have repaired and painted again the buildings ____________________ ________________.(damage vt.) could have demanded damages from us (which were) damaged in the earthquake 13.build up (1)Good relationships are built ________ mutual trust and considerations. (2)It took her ten years to build ____ her publishing business. (3)Speaking loudly in public help ______________________(增强了她的自信). on/upon up build up her confidence (4)After _____________________ (恢复了体力)，he continued to walk forward. (5)You need to have a lot of fresh fruit and exercise regularly_________ __________ (强身健体). building up his strength to build up your body 14. come up with (1)As soon as the project came ____ at the meeting，it attracted many people’s attention. (2)Specialists can come up ______ new ways to solve the problem of air pollution. (3)When we read newspapers，we often come ________ such English words as “AIDS” and “PK”. up with across (4)When it comes ____ improving spoken English，my advice is that you should listen and speak English every day. (5)_________________________________ (当谈到我最喜欢的季节)，spring will always occur to me in no time. to When it comes to the season I like best 15.call for (1)Your letter calls ____ those pleasant days when we worked together. (2)Mr. White called ____ my house after he finished his speech. (3)Success in school calls _____ much hard work. (4)The picnic _____________(取消) because of the rain. (5)A poster was put up around our school，___________________ (呼吁我们加入) the activity for a greener earth. up at for was called off calling on us to join in 16.get rid of (1)We may think we’re a culture that gets rid ____ our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new. (2)She wanted to rid _________ (she) of the burden of the secret. (3)School uniforms are traditional in Britain，but some schools are starting to __________________(摆脱它们). get rid of them of herself (4)为了成为一个更好的人，你必须改掉一些坏习惯。 →To be a better man，you should ________________ some bad habits. →To be a better man，you should _________ some bad habits. rid yourself of get rid of 17.defence (1)The safety devices defend workers _______________ danger. (2)When a dog attacked me，I defended ________ (I) with a stick. (3)The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in _________ (defend) of their country. from/against myself defence (4)看到这条蛇，他冲过去保护他的儿子。 →Seeing the snake，he rushed ___________ his son.(defend) →Seeing the snake，he rushed _______________ his son.(defence) to defend in defence of 18.consequence (1)What is a _____________ (consequent) of food waste according to the text？ (2)The rise in inflation and ____________ (consequence) fall in demand impacted many people. (3)He broke the law，and now he_________________________________ (必须承担自己的行为所带来的后果). consequence consequent must take the consequences of his actions (4)He lost his legs in an accident，and as a result，his life was completely destroyed. →He lost his legs in an accident，and ______________，his life was completely destroyed. →He lost his legs in an accident，and ___________________________，his life was completely destroyed. →_______________________________losing his legs in an accident，his life was completely destroyed. consequently as a consequence/in consequence As a consequence of/In consequence of Ⅲ.完成句子 1.这就是那位我们从他那里学到了很多知识的老师。 This is the teacher ___________________________. 2.随着时间的流逝，我们意识到维持生态系统平衡的重要性。 _________________，we realize the importance of maintaining the balance of ecosystem. 3.玛丽学习努力，而且她总是乐于帮助别人。约翰也是如此。 Mary studies hard，and she is always ready to help others. ____________________________________. from whom we’ve learned a lot With time going by So it is with John/It is the same with John 4.在这些居民中有一位努力保护野生生物的青少年。 Among the residents ________________________________. 5.正在修建的这条路是那条路的六倍长。 This road being built now is ____________________ that one. was a teenager trying to protect wildlife six times the length of Ⅳ.单元语法——用省略句改写下列句子 1.You can do it if you want to do it. →You can do it ________________. 2.She majors in English and her twin sister majors in French. →She majors in English and _______________________. 3.She advised me not to say anything until I was asked to. →She advised me not to say anything ______________. if you want to her twin sister in French until asked to 4.He was determined to go abroad for further study，whatever the cost was. →He was determined to go abroad for further study，________________. 5.While he was living in London，he made a few good friends. →____________________，he made a few good friends. whatever the cost While living in London $$