U3 Period Ⅲ　Grammar and usage-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（译林版）

必修第三册 UNIT 3　The world online Period Ⅲ　Grammar and usage 单元语法：Verb-ing forms as attributives，adverbials and object complements (动词-ing形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语) 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 核心语法 专项突破 课堂检测 素养达标 课时作业 巩固提升 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] ①We heard the children shouting upstairs. ②He is a promising young man. ③Seeing those pictures，she remembered her childhood. ④She trained five times a week at her local swimming pool. 我的发现： 1.句①中的动词-ing形式在句中作____________。 2.句②和句④中的动词-ing形式在句中作______。 3.句③中的动词-ing形式在句中作______。 宾语补足语 定语 状语 [知识精要] 一、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 1.动词-ing形式可以在see，hear，notice，watch，feel，smell，look at，listen to，observe，find等表示感官和心理状态的动词(词组)后面作宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。 I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. 我下车的时候注意到一个男人从银行里跑出来。 I felt my heart beating violently. 我感觉我的心在猛烈地跳动。 2.动词-ing形式和动词原形作宾语补足语的区别：在see，hear， feel，watch，notice等感官动词后，既可用动词-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用动词原形构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用动词-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用动词原形时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。 He saw a girl get on the car and drive off. 他看见一个女孩上车开走了。 [名师点津]　如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作，通常只能用动词原形来表示，不用动词-ing形式。 I saw him enter the room，sit down and light a candle. 我看见他走进房间，坐了下来，点燃了一根蜡烛。 3.动词-ing形式也可用在have，get，leave，keep，set，catch等使役动词后作宾语补足语。 They should not leave us wondering what they will do next. 他们不应该让我们琢磨他们下一步要做什么。 I won’t have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1.单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般有两种含义。 (1)说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room＝a room which is used for reading阅览室 running shoes＝shoes for running跑鞋 a working method＝a method of working工作方法 a sewing machine＝a machine of sewing缝纫机 a drawing board＝a board of drawing画板 (2)表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可以表示经常性的动作或当时的状态。 developing countries＝countries that are developing发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house＝a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子 a disappointing play令人失望的戏剧 an astonishing adventure惊人的冒险 boiling water正在沸腾的水 the setting sun落日 2.作定语的动词-ing形式如果是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。 The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory. 装着醋的那个瓶子应送到实验室去。 They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 3.有些情况下，动词-ing形式不能用来作定语，必须使用定语 从句。 (1)动词-ing形式作定语时，表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，若两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。 昨天来的教授将要给我们做一个讲座。 【误】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture. 【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture. (2)动词-ing形式的完成时一般只用来作状语，不作定语。 三、动词-ing形式作状语 　动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。 1.表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Seeing his mother， the boy ran towards her. 男孩一看到母亲就朝她跑过去了。 Having made full preparations，we are ready for the examination. 我们已经做好了充分的准备，现在可以应考了。 2.表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 Being ill，he didn’t go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。 Not knowing how to deal with the problem，he turned to the teacher for help. 因为不知道如何处理这个问题，他向老师求助。 3.表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。 His father died， leaving him a lot of money. 他的父亲死了，留给他许多钱。 She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground，breaking it into pieces. 她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。 4.表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 Going straight down the road， you will find the department store. 顺着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。 Working hard at your lessons， you will succeed. 如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。 5.表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。 Knowing all this， they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 6.表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。 He lay on the grass， staring at the sky for a long time. 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。 She came into the house， carrying a lot of books. 她带着许多书走进了房间。 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.He was sick and I heard him __________ (cough) all night long. 2.__________ (hear) the disturbing news， he paced up and down. 3.__________ (walk) along the street， I met a friend of mine. 4.In the fierce wind I watched her ______________ (disappear) out of view in the distance. 5.He sat in the armchair， _________ (read) a novel with full attention. coughing Hearing Walking disappearing reading 6.Not _________ (know) her address， I can’t write to her. 7.The train leaves at six， __________ (arrive) in Chicago at ten. 8.The six blind men stood in the street _________ (beg) for a meal. 9.Her husband died ten years ago， _________ (leave) her three children to look after. 10.Non-resident guests are welcome to use the hotel __________ (swim) pool. knowing arriving begging leaving swimming Ⅱ.完成句子 1.朗读是很有好处的。 ________________ is very helpful. 2.他父亲生病使他很着急。 His father’s _____________ worried him greatly. 3.你来和我们一起工作，将是对我们很大的鼓舞。 __________________________ will be a great encouragement to us. Reading aloud falling ill Your coming to work with us 4.听到这个意外的消息，他如此地惊讶以致说不出一句话来。 _________________________，he was so surprised that he couldn’t say a word. 5.一天，我沿着河岸散步，发现一个孩子在水里挣扎。 _______________________________，I found a child struggling in the water. Hearing the unexpected news Walking along the river bank one day 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.Users can __________ (下载) their materials to a desktop PC back in the office. 2.Swan Lake is one of the great classical _________ (芭蕾舞). 3.They have destroyed a lot of equipment ___________ (属于) to the poor local fishermen. download ballets belonging 4.All you need to do is ________ (上传) the files to your web space. 5.She ___________ (要求) that no one be told of her decision until the next meeting. upload requested Ⅱ.单句写作 1.属于我爷爷的那栋房子现在正在刷漆。 __________________________________________________________ 2.因为与那个女孩一起生活了5年，我们都非常了解她。 __________________________________________________________ The house belonging to my grandpa is being painted now. Having lived with the girl for 5 years， we all know her very well. 3.如果转向左边，你将找到通向公园的小路。 __________________________________________________________ 4.他们的车遇上了交通阻塞，因而耽误了。 __________________________________________________________ 5.我看见她坐在临窗的桌旁沐浴阳光。 __________________________________________________________ Turning to the left， you will find the path leading to the park. Their car was caught in a traffic jam， thus causing the delay. I saw her sitting at a window table， bathed in sunlight. Ⅲ.阅读理解 　　When you set a foot outside of your door to drop trash， go to a social event or go for a walk， thoughts like “I hope I don’t see anyone I know” or “please don’t talk to me” may run through your mind.I’ve also said such things to myself.Sometimes the last thing you want to do is to talk with someone， especially someone new. 　　Why do we go out of our ways to avoid people？ Do we think meeting new people is a waste of time？ Or are we just lazy， thinking that meeting someone new is a trouble？ 　　Communication is the key to life.We have been told that many times.Take the past generations， like our parents， for example.They seem to take full advantage of that whole “communication” idea because they grew up talking face to face while Generation-Y grew up staring at screens.We spend hours of our days sitting on social media.We send messages to our friends and think about all of the things we want to say to certain people that we don’t have the courage to actually do in reality. 　　Nowadays， we are so caught up in our little circle of friends－our comfort zone.We love it that they laugh at our jokes， understand our feelings and can read our minds.Most importantly， they know when we want to be alone.They just get us. 　　Holding a conversation with someone new means agreeing with things that you don’t actually believe and being someone you think they want you to be－it is， as I said before， a trouble.It takes up so much energy， and at some point or another， it is too tiring. 　　But meeting new people is important.Life is too short， so meet all the people you can meet， make the effort to go out and laugh.Remember， every “hello” leads to a smile－and a smile is worth a lot. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了年轻人依赖互联网进行社交活动，不愿与现实中的人进行交往，作者鼓励人们去现实中结交新人。 1.What do we learn about the author？ A. He likes to be alone. B. He feels nervous lately. C. He’s afraid of talking to others at times. D. He’s active in attending social events. 1 2 3 4 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I’ve also said...someone， especially someone new.”可知，作者有时不想与人谈话，尤其是新人。故选C项。 1 2 3 4 2.What’s the problem of Generation-Y in the author’s eyes？ A. They rely on the Internet to socialize. B. They are less confident in themselves. C. They have difficulty in communicating. D. They are unwilling to make new friends. 1 2 3 4 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“We spend hours of...actually do in reality.”可知，年轻一代每天把很多时间花在网络上，说一些在现实中没有勇气说的话。由此可知，年轻一代依赖网络进行社交活动。故选A项。 1 2 3 4 3.Why do many young people avoid meeting new people？ A. They fear to disappoint their old friends. B. They want to take time to do meaningful work. C. They are busy with their study. D. They think it troublesome. 1 2 3 4 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Holding a conversation...before， a trouble.”可知，他们认为与人交流会是一种麻烦。故选D项。 1 2 3 4 4.Why does the author write the text？ A. To tell about the importance of friends. B. To encourage people to meet new people. C. To give tips on how to meet new people. D. To introduce the disadvantages of Generation-Y. 1 2 3 4 答案：B 解析：写作目的题。上文介绍了青年一代不愿在现实中交流的原因，最后一段作者认为，笑对周围的人是值得的。由此可推断，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们去接触新人。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 Ⅳ.完形填空 　　Jonathan Jones， 12， was overcome with emotion after his principal， who is also color blind， let him 　1　 his unique glasses during the science class last week. 　　As soon as Jones put the glasses on， he appeared to be immediately 　2　. He initially smiled and laughed， but he 　3　 moments later. He then walked around the classroom excitedly， 　4　 the vivid colors around him. 　　“I was feeling joy that I could 　5　 see all this color. And a little bit of 　6　 that I couldn’t see color my whole life，” Jones told ABC News. 　　The boy’s mother posted a(n) 　7　 of Jones seeing color for the first time online and started a GoFundMe campaign to buy a pair of the unique glasses for Jones， which reportedly cost $350. However， so many people were 　8　 by Jones’s story， and the campaign actually ended up 　9　more than $25，000. 　　She wrote， “After posting the video， we’ve been touched by how many 　10　 people have wanted to help him. We’ve had 　11　 pairs donated to Jones and will use 100％ of donated funds to purchase color blind glasses for those who can’t 　12　 them.” “The glasses company will 　13　 every pair we purchase with a free pair， which doubles the number of people we can 　14　，” she continued. 　　For Jones， with the new glasses comes a new 　15　of the world. He said his favorite color is blue and that he’s excited to visit the Caribbean this winter so he can see the ocean in all its glory. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了色盲患者Jones因戴上校长的特殊眼镜而看到了周围五颜六色的景色并兴奋不已。Jones的妈妈在网上发布了Jones第一次看到五彩缤纷的颜色的视频并募集资金为Jones买特殊眼镜，然而捐款远远超出了预期，所以Jones的妈妈决定资助其他色盲孩子并得到了眼镜公司的“买一送一”服务。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1.A. borrow　　　　　　　　B. polish C. remove D. adjust 答案：A 解析：根据该空所在句中的“who is also color blind”可知，Jones的校长也是色盲患者。根据下文的“his unique glasses” “Jones put the glasses on”可知，Jones戴上了校长的眼镜。由此可知，校长让Jones借用自己的眼镜，故选A。borrow“借”；polish“磨光，润色”；remove“去除，脱下”；adjust“调整，适应”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2.A. disappointed B. annoyed C. surprised D. embarrassed 答案：C 解析：根据空后的smiled and laughed以及walked around the classroom excitedly可知，Jones戴上眼镜后感到惊讶，故选C。disappointed“失望的”；annoyed“生气的”；surprised“吃惊的”；embarrassed“尴尬的”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3.A. calmed down B. broke down C. cheered up D. woke up 答案：B 解析：该句话中的but是解题的关键，上文提到Jones戴上眼镜后很惊讶，激动地大笑。根据but可知，该空表达的语境应与上文相反，选项B符合语境。calm down“(使)平静”；break down“崩溃”；cheer up“(使)振作起来”；wake up“醒来”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4.A. mixing B. painting C. changing D. exploring 答案：D 解析：根据空后的the vivid colors around him和常识可知，Jones患有色盲症，在戴上校长的特殊眼镜后，他可以看见以前没有见过的鲜艳的色彩，此处应该是他探索着周围鲜艳的色彩，故选D。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5.A. finally B. rarely C. constantly D. occasionally 答案：A 解析：该句指Jones感到非常高兴，因为他终于能看到五彩缤纷的颜色了，故选A。finally“最终”；rarely“少见地”；constantly“重复不断地”；occasionally“偶然”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6.A. tension B. sadness C. relief D. shame 答案：B 解析：根据下文的“that I couldn’t see color my whole life”可知，Jones不能一辈子都看到五彩缤纷的颜色，所以他有点难过，故选B。tension“紧张，焦虑”；relief“宽慰”；shame“羞愧”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7.A. picture B. article C. video D. introduction 答案：C 解析：根据下文的after posting the video可知，此处应指Jones的妈妈在网上发布了一段Jones第一次看到五彩缤纷的颜色的视频，故选C。article“文章”；introduction“介绍”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8.A. moved B. shocked C. confused D. entertained 答案：A 解析：Jones的妈妈发起活动的目的是给儿子筹钱买一副价值350美元的眼镜，但最终筹集了25 000多美元。由此可知，此处指很多人都被Jones的故事感动了，故选A。confuse“使困惑”；entertain“使快乐”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9.A. loaning B. costing C. saving D. collecting 答案：D 解析：Jones的妈妈在网上发起募捐活动，所以此处应指最终实际筹集资金25 000多美元，故选D。loan“借出”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10.A. wealthy B. generous C. competent D. ambitious 答案：B 解析：根据常识可知，给Jones捐款的这些人应是慷慨的人，故选B。wealthy“富裕的”；generous“慷慨的”；competent“足以胜任的”；ambitious“有雄心的”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11.A. limited B. cheap C. multiple D. fashionable 答案：C 解析：由于好心人的慷慨相助，Jones得到了多副色盲眼镜，故选C。limited“有限的”；multiple“数量多的”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12.A. find B. produce C. fix D. afford 答案：D 解析：根据上文的“will use 100％...glasses for those”和常识可知，此处指Jones的妈妈将用所有的捐款为那些买不起眼镜的色盲患者购买眼镜，故选D。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13.A. match B. equip C. replace D. compare 答案：A 解析：根据下文的“with a free pair，which doubles the number of people”可知，眼镜公司决定买一送一，故选A。match“配对”；equip“装备”；replace“取代”；compare“比较”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14.A. treat B. instruct C. help D. accompany 答案：C 解析：根据上文可知，眼镜公司决定买一送一，这样的话可以帮助的人数就增加了一倍，故选C。treat“对待，看待”；instruct“命令，指导”；accompany“陪伴”。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15.A. future B. view C. situation D. record 答案：B 解析：根据下文的“He said his favorite color is blue and that he’s excited to visit the Caribbean this winter”可知，戴上眼镜为Jones看世界打开了一个新的视角，故选B。view“视野，视角”；situation“情况”。 Ⅴ.语法填空 　　 Many people find new emojis an exciting way of communicating. They expand upon the way we communicate. Emojis， by design， make a direct link between written communication and the “real” world， by using pictures or icons that represent ideas or emotions. They are accessible， so we also don’t 1.______________ (necessary) substitute (代替) an English word for an emoji when we read a text 2.______________ (contain) one. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章就表情符号是不是一种语言进行了论述。 1.答案：necessarily 解析：考查词性转换。设空处修饰动词substitute，故填副词necessarily。 2.答案：containing 解析：考查非谓语动词。设空处所在的从句中已有谓语动词read，故此处应用非谓语动词。a text与contain之间是主动关系，故用现在分词containing作后置定语修饰 a text。 So then how should we consider emojis collectively？ Are they a “language”， when they 3.______________ (use) only in writing？ You can send someone an entire message 4.______________ (compose) of emojis. But you probably can’t use emojis by 5.______________ (they) as a self-contained way of communicating with people without sooner or later turning to English or another language. In this way emojis differ from languages like English or more specialist languages like British Sign Language， and this is 6.______________ most linguists wouldn’t say that emojis can be considered a language in the strict sense， even though it’s 7.____________ (impress) how much content people can often manage 8.______________ (communicate) using them. 3.答案：are used 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：当它们只用于写作时，它们是一种“语言”吗？ 本句描述的是客观存在的事实，故用一般现在时；且主语they与use之间是被动关系，故填are used。 4.答案：composed 解析：考查非谓语动词。be composed of由……组成，设空处作后置定语修饰message，故填composed。 5.答案：themselves 解析：考查反身代词。此处表示“你可能无法单独使用表情符号作为一种独立的与人交流的方式”。by oneself是固定用法，意为“单独地”，故填themselves。 6.答案：why 解析：考查连词。此处表示“这就是为什么大多数语言学家不会说表情符号可以被视为一种严格意义上的语言”。由句意可知，前后文之间是因果关系，故填why。 7.答案：impressive 解析：考查词性转换。设空处作表语，故填形容词impressive。 8.答案：to communicate 解析：考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth.是固定用法，意为“设法做成某事”，故填to communicate。 However， people do use the word “language” metaphorically (隐喻地)－as is the case when people talk about the programming language， body language， and the language of dance－to describe all sorts of methods of communicating 9.______________ don’t meet all of the criteria (标准) for a linguist’s definition of a language like English， and therefore it’s not surprising that people also often refer to emojis 10.______________ a pictorial “language”. 9.答案：that/which 解析：考查关系代词。设空处无提示词，前面为名词短语，后面的从句缺主语，故推测设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词methods of communicating，并在从句中作主语，故填that或which。 10.答案：as 解析：考查介词。refer to...as...是固定用法，意为“把……称作……”，故填as。 $$