U2 单元检测(二)Natural disasters-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（译林版）

必修第三册 UNIT 2　Natural disasters 单元检测(二) 本试卷共150分，考试时间120分钟。 第一部分　听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.How was the weather last week？ A. Sunny.　　 B. Cloudy.　　 C. Rainy. 1 4 5 2 3 答案：C　 2.When will the man go home？ A. At 7：00. B. At 7：30. C. At 8：30. 1 4 5 2 3 答案：B　 3.What will the woman do tonight？ A. See a play. B. Study for an exam. C. Relax with music. 1 4 5 2 3 答案：C　 4.Where does this conversation take place？ A. In a supermarket. B. In a restaurant. C. In a hotel. 1 4 5 2 3 答案：B　 5.What are the speakers mainly talking about？ A. An exhibition. B. A writer. C. A cartoon. 1 4 5 2 3 答案：A　 第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6.What’s the matter with the man now？ A. He’s got a fever. B. He’s got a stomachache. C. He’s got a headache. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 16 17 18 19 20 答案：C　 7.What does the woman remind the man to do？ A. Get enough rest. B. Eat properly. C. Drink much water. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 16 17 18 19 20 答案：C　 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8.What does the woman advise the man to do at first？ A. Ask for a raise. B. Find a well-paid job. C. Take out a loan. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 16 17 18 19 20 答案：B　 9.Why is the man unwilling to ask his parents for money？ A. Because his parents have refused to help him. B. Because he’s borrowed much money from them. C. Because he wants to solve the problem by himself. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 16 17 18 19 20 答案：C 10.How does the man feel in the end？ A. Grateful. B. Concerned. C. Regretful. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 16 17 18 19 20 答案：A　 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11.What is the possible relationship between the speakers？ A. Clerk and customer. B. Hostess and guest. C. Interviewer and policeman. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 16 17 18 19 20 答案：C　 12.What does the man suggest people do first to protect their homes？ A. Check the locks. B. Purchase a security door. C. Tell their neighbors. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 16 17 18 19 20 答案：A　 13.What are the speakers doing？ A. Recording a program. B. Inspecting a case. C. Decorating a house. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 16 17 18 19 20 答案：A　 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14.How do cats express satisfaction？ A. They move their heads forward. B. They sit with their tails wrapped. C. They clean themselves with tongues. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 16 17 18 19 20 答案：B　 15.Why do cats point their ears upwards and forward？ A. To read one’s mind. B. To sort out things. C. To show curiosity. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 16 17 18 19 20 答案：C　 16.What do dogs do to understand people？ A. Observe people’s signs. B. Listen to the tone of people’s voice. C. Watch people’s eyes. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 16 17 18 19 20 答案：B　 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17.What is the speaker？ A. A manager.　　　　　　　 B. A trainer. C. A guide. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 16 17 18 19 20 答案：A　 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 16 17 18 19 20 18.What class is on Wednesday morning？ A. Dancing. B. T’ai chi. C. Weightlifting. 答案：B　 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 16 17 18 19 20 19.When does the new members’ party start？ A. At 5：00 p.m. B. At 7：00 p.m. C. At 8：00 p.m. 答案：B　 20.What does the speaker mainly talk about？ A. His hobbies. B. Services in his gym. C. His plan for exercise. 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6 16 17 18 19 20 答案：B 听力材料 Text 1 M：What a nice，sunny day！I’m really enjoying this walk. W：Me too.There’s not a cloud in the sky.What a treat this is after all that rain last week！ Text 2 M：It’s 7：00，and I have an early appointment.I need to go home now. W：Your appointment isn’t until eight thirty.You can stay for another hour，can’t you？ M：Well，even so，I’ll leave in half an hour.I need to prepare for it. W：OK. Text 3 M：Sarah，how about going to see a play tonight？ W：Well，I was studying for a math exam all afternoon and I’m really tired.I’d better stay home and listen to light music. It helps me forget about all the stress. Text 4 M：Er，we’d both like the cream of mushroom soup，please. W：I’m afraid we’ve only got enough of that left for one serving，sir. Text 5 W：There’s something interesting shown at the museum tomorrow. It’s about Walt Disney and the story of how he started making cartoons. M：I haven’t been to the museum for a long time.I think I will take my kids there.Thanks for letting me know. Text 6 W：I saw you were off school at the end of last week and someone said you were ill.What was the matter？ M：Yes，I had a bad cough，a high fever and a stomachache，but fortunately that’s gone now. W：So do you feel better today？ M：I’ve still got a headache and I can’t do much before I have a rest.Maybe it’s because I wasn’t eating properly until today. W：Good.Remember to keep warm and have plenty of water. Text 7 W：You look upset，John. M：Well，I’m broke.I tried to ask my boss for a pay raise but it didn’t work.What am I going to do？ W：If I were you，I’d get a job that pays more money. M：Oh，why didn’t I think of that？Thanks，Lucy.But it doesn’t help me now. W：Well，then，you’d better get a loan from the bank. M：No，I couldn’t do that.I owe the banks too much already. W：Why don’t you ask your parents？They’d help you. M：No.I’d rather sort out my problems on my own. W：Oh.Well，I suppose I could lend you some. M：Really？That would be great！Thanks，Lucy.You’re a real mate.I’ll pay it back，honest！ Text 8 W：With me in the program is Police Inspector Neal Mitchell，who will tell us what we can do to protect our homes while we are out for the evening. M：Well，the first thing is that you should always make sure that your doors and windows are locked securely. W：That’s true. M：Another good idea is to leave a light on in the house，but it’s important to remember that thieves are not stupid.I know a lot of people who leave their hall light on，but are there many people who spend the evening sitting in the hall？ W：Not many！ M：Leave a light on where you would normally be，let’s say，in the living room，or in the bedroom.That way it looks as though you were actually in the house. As an extra safety measure，you could leave the radio on，or the television.Don’t leave it on too loud，though，or your neighbors won’t be too happy—especially if you are late home！ W：That’s a good point！ Text 9 W：So how can you ever know what is going on in cats’ minds？ M：Well，if a cat moves his head，that just means it wants to look at you，or something else. W：And what about cats that sit with their tails wrapped around them？ M：It’s usually a sign of the contented cat.And do you know cats often clean themselves with their tongues？ W：Really？That’s interesting.So what other body language do cats show？ M：Oh，there are all sorts of things.If your cat is feeling confident or curious，his ears will point upwards and slightly forward.This will let him hear as much as possible. W：So，do you think cats can understand anything from our body language？ M：I’m sure they can.Unlike dogs that listen carefully to the tone of your voice，cats actually watch your eyes. Text 10 M：Hello，everybody！Welcome to our In Shape Center and thank you for choosing our fitness center.My name is Edward Smith.I’m the manager of In Shape Center.I’m in the gym every day from 9：00 a.m. to 5：00 p.m.If you would like to see me at a different time，you can make an appointment with a trainer.Now I would like to introduce the services in our gym.There is a big classroom where we have different kinds of classes.There is a dance class on Tuesday morning and a t’ai chi class on Wednesday morning.There are also lots of running machines and weightlifting tools，but there aren’t any bicycles and you can’t play tennis.Besides，we also hold a new members’ party.It is on the first Friday of every month.It starts at 7：00 p.m.There are healthy drinks served from 7：00 p.m. to 8：00 p.m.Finally，I wish you good luck and enjoy yourselves. 第二部分　阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A 　　Paris 　　The City of Light draws visitors from around the globe who come to see attractions like the Eiffel Tower，and the Louvre.Get lost wandering along the attractive stone streets， or relax on the banks of the Seine for hours.If you’re up for a quick day trip，head about 15 miles southwest of the city center to the Palace of Versailles，which offers guided and self-guided tours of the palace.The best time to visit Paris is from June to August and September to October. 　　London 　　London is home to a number of historical landmarks and modern-day attractions.If it’s your first time in London，plan to see the top attractions，such as the Tower of London，Buckingham Palace，and the British Museum，before sitting down to a classic afternoon tea or checking out a local pub.The best time to visit London is March through May when the temperatures are mild and the city’s parks are green. 　　Dubai 　　This Middle Eastern city is filled with some of the world’s most notable and unique attractions，including the Dubai Mall，indoor Ski Dubai and Burj Khalifa，the tallest building on the planet.But the city still holds onto its heritage，as seen in the Bastakiya Quarter and the traditional Gold and Spice (香料) markets.The best time to visit Dubai is from November to March. 　　Tokyo Tokyo has an electric energy and plenty of attractions to discover.Foodies won’t be let down by the city’s unique fresh sushi and tasty seafood.Photographers will love taking in the sweeping panoramas (全景) from the top of the Tokyo Skytree.Those who love to shop will find plenty of must-have designer products in Ginza.The best time to visit Tokyo is between March and April and September and November. [语篇解读] 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个知名的旅游景点。 21.What’s the best time for you to travel in London？ A. February.　　　　　　　 B. April. C. June. D. November. 21 22 23 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章中London部分的最后一句“The best time to visit London is March through May when the temperatures are mild and the city’s parks are green (游览伦敦的最佳时间是3月至5月，那时气温温和，城市的公园也是绿色的)”可知，最好在三至五月份去伦敦游玩。故选B。 22.What is the special attraction of Tokyo？ A. World-famous riverside views. B. Delicious seafood. C. Afternoon tea culture. D. Traditional gold markets. 21 22 23 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。文章中Tokyo部分讲到“Foodies won’t be let down by the city’s unique fresh sushi and tasty seafood.”可知，美味的海鲜使东京有特别的吸引力。故选B。 23.Where is the text probably from？ A. A magazine. B. An encyclopedia. C. A newspaper. D. A textbook. 21 22 23 答案：A 解析：文章出处题。本文主要介绍了四个知名的旅游景点各自的特点以及最佳旅游时间。由此可知，文章可能来自一本杂志。故 选A。 B 　　When Hurricane Ian hit Florida，Karen Lauder refused to leave her home because she was wrong about the intensity (强度) of the storm.Karen is 84 years old and depends on a wheelchair to get around because she is missing a leg.Her son，Johnny Lauder，tried repeatedly to get her to leave，but she refused. 　　Johnny and his whole family live within a few blocks of one another.They kept in touch with Karen as the storm continued violently (猛烈地) outside，watching the water rising dangerously all around them.When Karen reported that the water in her house had reached her bottom，Johnny knew he had to take action. 　　First，Johnny ensured his sons and their pets were taken care of.Then，he jumped out of a window and began to swim.Johnny used to work as a rescue swimmer.He is obviously a strong swimmer，but the flood water was filled with dangerous materials.There was also a strong current (水流)，and he had to swim against it for most of his trip to Karen’s.As he made his way through the water，Johnny stopped periodically to snap selfies (自拍) to show his worried family that he was okay. 　　Johnny was racing against the clock.He knew he only had a short period of time to get there before the water rose above Karen’s head.It took him 40 minutes to swim four blocks.The sound of Karen shouting inside was music to his ears！ 　　“If it would have been 20 minutes later，she wouldn’t be here，” Johnny said.“She’s never been happier to see me.” 　　Karen is now safe，although she is in the hospital being treated for infections (感染) she got in the water.The family have all lost everything they owned，including their houses，but they’re grateful just to be here. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了飓风袭击佛罗里达州时，Johnny游了四个街区去救自己的因为缺少一条腿而坐轮椅的母亲Karen Lauder的故事。 24.Why did Karen decide to stay in her house when Hurricane Ian came？ A. She had nowhere to go. B. She was too old to move. C. She thought the storm was not violent. D. She lost her wheelchair and was unable to leave. 24 25 26 27 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“When Hurricane Ian hit Florida...intensity of the storm.”可知，Karen不愿意离开家是因为她对飓风的强度判断失误。故选C。 24 25 26 27 25.Why did Johnny take selfies along the way to Karen’s home？ A. To record his swimming trip. B. To show off his swimming skills. C. To warn other rescuers of danger. D. To report his safety to his family. 24 25 26 27 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As he made his way...that he was okay.”可知，当Johnny穿过水面时还不时停下来自拍，是为了向忧心忡忡的家人报告他的安全状况。故选D。 26.How did Johnny’s family keep in touch in the storm？ A. By shouting. B. Over the phone. C. Through e-mail. D. With other’s help. 24 25 26 27 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“As he made his...that he was okay.”可知，Johnny是通过手机和家人联系的。故选B。 27.How did Johnny feel when he heard Karen shouting？ A. Curious. B. Frightened. C. Confused. D. Relieved. 24 25 26 27 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The sound of Karen shouting inside was music to his ears！”可知，当Johnny听到母亲Karen的叫喊时他感到很安慰，因为他的母亲还活着。故选D。 C 　　The Amazon rainforest is as undisturbed a place as most people can imagine，but even there，the effects of a changing climate are playing out.Now，research suggests that many of the region’s most sensitive bird species are starting to evolve in response to warming. Birds are often considered sentinel (哨兵) species-meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem-so scientists are particularly interested in how they’re responding to climate change.In general，the news has not been good.For instance，a 2019 report by the National Audubon Society found that more than two-thirds of North America’s bird species will be in danger of extinction by 2100 if warming trends continue on their current course. 　　For the new study，researchers have collected the biggest data set so far on the Amazon’s resident birds，representing 77 non-migratory species and lasting the 40 years from 1979 to 2019.During the study period，the average temperature in the region rose，while the amount of rainfall declined，making for a hotter，drier climate overall.According to the report on November 12 in the journal Science Advances，36 species have lost substantial weight，as much as 2 percent of their body weight per decade since 1980.Meanwhile，all the species showed some decrease in average body mass，while a third grew longer wings. Because of the study’s long time series and large sample sizes，the authors were able to show the morphological (形态学的) effects of climate change on resident birds.However，the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds，but suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool.In general，smaller animals have a larger rate of surface area to body sizes，so they dissipate more heat faster than a bigger animal.Less available food，such as fruit or insects，in dryer weather might lead to smaller body sizes. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化对鸟类的影响。 28.Why are scientists fond of doing research on birds？ A. They have small body sizes. B. They are sensitive to hot weather. C. They live in an undisturbed rainforest. D. They are ecological balance indicators. 28 29 30 31 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Birds are often considered sentinel species-meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem-so scientists are particularly interested in how they’re responding to climate change.”可知，科学家喜欢研究鸟是因为鸟是生态系统平衡的暗示者。故选D。 28 29 30 31 29.What can we learn from the new study？ A. A third of species have been extinct for a decade. B. 36 species lost 2％ of their body weight every year. C. Two-thirds of species showed a considerable decrease in weight. D. About 26 species responded to climate change with longer wings. 28 29 30 31 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For the new study，researchers have collected the biggest data set... representing 77 non-migratory species and ...”以及“Meanwhile，all the species showed some decrease in average body mass，while a third grew longer wings.”可知，在研究的77种不迁移的鸟类中，1/3的鸟长着较长的翅膀。所以，大约26种鸟类长着较长的翅膀来应对气候变化。故 选D。 28 29 30 31 28 29 30 31 30.What does the underlined word “dissipate” in the last paragraph mean？ A. Put off. B. Give off. C. Put away. D. Give away. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“However，the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds，but suppose smaller birds may have an easier 28 29 30 31 time keeping cool.In general，smaller animals have a larger rate of surface area to body sizes (然而，研究人员自己也不确定，他们想知道翅膀长度的变化给鸟类带来了什么好处，但假设体型较小的鸟类可能更容易保持凉爽。一般来说，相对于身体尺寸而言，较小的动物的表面积较大)”可知，较小动物的表面积相对于自身整体而言较大，因此散发热量就容易，dissipate的意思是“散发”，与Give off (散发)的词义一致。故选B。 31.What would the researchers probably further study？ A. Why it is easier for smaller animals to keep cool. B. What effects the wing length changes have on birds. C. Why the Amazonian birds have lost substantial weight. D. Whether bird species in North America will be extinct in 2100. 28 29 30 31 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However，the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds...”可知，研究者将进一步研究鸟类的翅膀长度变化对鸟类有什么影响。故选B。 28 29 30 31 D 　　After a month of fires that gave off record-breaking amounts of polluting gas，smoke from Siberian wildfires is now making its way to the west coast of the United States. 　　The New York Times’ Somini Sengupta reports that Arctic wildfires in June 2020 caused more pollution than the data (数据) that had been collected in the previous 18 years.Seasonal wildfires are common in Siberia，but this year’s fires are unusually widespread in part because of a climate change-driven heatwave.The Arctic is experiencing climate change-driven warming faster than the rest of the earth，which sets up the dry conditions that make fires spread. 　　“I was surprised to see a fire burning 10 kilometers south of a bay of the Laptev Sea，which is like，the sea ice factory of the world，” said fire researcher Jessica McCarty from Miami University in Ohio.“When I went into fire science as an undergraduate student，if someone had told me I’d be studying fire regimes (管强体制) in Greenland and the Arctic，I would have laughed at them.” 　　This June’s Arctic fires beat the pollution record set in 2019，said Mark Parrington，who works with the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service tracking worldwide wildfires.Some of the fires may have spent the winter months smoldering (闷燃) only to grow again in warmer weather.And the weather has certainly gotten warmer.In June，a Russian town above the Arctic Circle called Verkhoyansk hit a high temperature of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit. 　　“The current situation in the Arctic Circle shows that previous predictions (预测) underestimate what is going on in reality，” earth scientist Vladmir Romanovsky said.He added that temperature observation in the High Arctic made in the last 15 years weren’t expected for another seventy years. 　　Millions of acres of land are on fire this wildfire season.Most of the wildfires are located in Siberia’s Sakha Republic，which sees wildfires frequently，but fires are also spreading further north and into unusual ecosystems，like those that are characterized by permafrost (永冻土). [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是西伯利亚野火的情况。 32.What made 2020 Arctic wildfires extremely widespread？ A. The warmer climate. B. Stronger seasonal winds. C. More fires caused by humans. D. Humans’ poorer control of them. 32 33 34 35 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Seasonal wildfires are...change-driven heatwave.”可知，气候变暖导致2020年北极野火极其普遍。故选A。 33.What did Jessica McCarty want to say in paragraph 3？ A. She used to laugh at those who studied the Arctic. B. She had decided to be a firefighter in Greenland. C. She used to think fires rarely happened in the Arctic. D. She had shown little interest in studying fire science. 32 33 34 35 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I was surprised to...factory of the world”和“When I went into...have laughed at them.”可知，Jessica McCarty在第三段想表达她过去认为北极很少发生火灾。故选C。 32 33 34 35 34.What can we learn from paragraph 4？ A. The Arctic fires may go out in winter. B. 2020 Arctic fires may be related to those in 2019. C. The pollution record in the Arctic is broken each year. D. 2020 Arctic fires affected temperatures across Russia. 32 33 34 35 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Some of the fires... in warmer weather.”可知，2020年的北极火灾可能与2019年的火灾有关。故 选B。 35.What does the underlined word “underestimate” in paragraph 5 mean？ A. Refer to. B. Focus on. C. Judge incorrectly. D. Ignore completely. 32 33 34 35 答案：C 解析：词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“He added that temperature...another seventy years.”可知，画线词所在句“The current situation...on in reality”可推知，画线词underestimate的意思是“低估”，和judge incorrectly(错误地判断)意思相近。故选C。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 　　阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 　　More than 40 percent of Antarctica’s ice shelves have reduced in the past 25 years，potentially accelerating sea level rise by allowing more land ice to flow into the ocean. 　36　 They play a critical role in slowing the flow of ice on land into the ocean by essentially acting as a wall and surround nearly the entire coastline of Antarctica.When ice shelves thin or retreat (消退)，ice on the land can flow into the ocean more quickly and accelerate sea level rise. Healthy ice shelves naturally retreat and grow over time.An ice shelf is continuously flowing and advancing but will also lose mass through melting or calving，which is when its front breaks off into the ocean.　37　 But the large portion of steadily shrinking ice shelves shows this natural cycle is off. In West Antarctica，the Getz Ice Shelf experienced some of the biggest ice losses，shedding 1.9 trillion tons of ice over the study period.Most ice shelves in East Antarctica however，increased in volume or stayed the same.　38　 The region is protected by a band of cold water at the coast，which helps keep nearby warm water at bay.Even so，the study still showed pockets of shrinking ice shelves，and researchers are still investigating the reasons.　39　 The current ice shelf data set is not long enough for researchers to definitively make climate change connection yet，but it would be a “remarkable coincidence” if the natural variability in ice shelves were just that much larger.　40　 But we don’t need to hit it before seeing an effect on the planet. A. Then it can gain ice from the land and grow again. B. Ice shelves are massive floating sections of ice extending from glaciers on land. C. The east is not as exposed to the warm water like the other side of the continent. D. The thinning of the ice shelves has shown up in the surrounding environment，too. E. Ice shelves，not just the big ones，are steadily losing mass over time with no sign of recovery. F.One theory is that the warmer water on the western side could be slowly coming in the region. G.Additionally，climate models predict ice shelves will steadily shrink in a warming world as observed，eventually hitting a tipping point for ice sheet collapse. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在过去的25年里，南极洲40％以上的冰架已经减少，这可能会使更多的陆地冰流入海洋，从而加速海平面上升。文章还介绍了这一现象的产生可能和气候变化有关。 36.答案：B 解析：下文“They play a critical role...accelerate sea level rise.”说明了南极冰架的作用。空处引出下文，介绍了什么是南极冰架。B项中的“Ice shelves”是下文they所指代的对象，说明冰架是从陆地冰川延伸出来的巨大漂浮冰块，它们起着重要的作用。故选B。 37.答案：A 解析：上文“Healthy ice shelves naturally retreat and grow over time.An ice shelf is continuously flowing and advancing but will also lose mass through melting or calving，which is when its front breaks off into the ocean.”说明冰架可以自然地消退和增长。空处承接上文，表明冰架会融化或崩解，也会再次生长。A项中的“gain ice from the land and grow again”和上文“naturally retreat and grow over time”相呼应。故选A。 38.答案：C 解析：上文“Most ice shelves in East Antarctica however，increased in volume or stayed the same.”以及下文“The region is protected by a band of cold water at the coast，which helps keep nearby warm water at bay.”说明南极东部大部分冰架的体积都在增加或保持不变是因为附近的温水没有进入。空处承接上文，说明南极东部大部分冰架的体积都在增加或保持不变的原因。C项符合语境。故选C。 39.答案：F 解析：上文“Even so，the study still showed pockets of shrinking ice shelves，and researchers are still investigating the reasons.”说明研究人员在调查该区域冰架缩小的原因。空处承接上文，F项中的“One theory”和上文的“investigating the reasons”相呼应，表明调查的一个原因可能是西区的暖水正慢慢进入该地区。故选F。 40.答案：G 解析：上文“The current ice shelf data set...if the natural variability in ice shelves were just that much larger.”说明虽然数据还不足以明确地将冰架减少和气候变化联系起来，但是因为冰架的变化非常大，所以还是推测和气候变化有关。空处进一步表明这一观点。G项中的Additionally和上文是递进关系，表明人类也在气候模型的帮助下推测出气候变暖让冰架不断减少，最终会达到冰盖崩塌的临界点。G项符合语境。故选G。 第三部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 　　阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 　　Thomas became a hero at 61.One night，his family had already gone to 　41　.In the house next to Thomas’ lived a mom，a little boy and a little girl.The mom had been preparing dinner.Feeling 　42　，she forgot about the food and fell asleep on a sofa.When she 　43　，the house was full of fire and smoke. 　　 　44　 the girl and her mom ran out，but the boy was left inside.The mom 　45　 knocking on Thomas’ door.He got up quickly and went to answer the door.The woman 　46　 and asked Thomas to help her son，who was in the 　47　.Thomas told his wife to call 911，and quickly went to 　48　. 　　Thomas 　49　 rushed into the house to save the boy.He was crawling (爬行) on his 　50　 and knees，trying to find the boy.It was 　51　 with no electricity，and the wood panels were burning and making his hands blister (起水疱).At this point，he didn’t care； his 　52　 was to save the boy.Finally，he found the boy 　53　 in the hallway unconscious (昏迷的).He picked up the boy and ran out.When they finally got outside，Thomas performed CPR on the boy and made him come back to life. 　　Thomas was later 　54　 the Government Award for his bravery.He was also awarded the Carnegie Medal for his act of heroism.Thomas’s story is a great example of someone being 　55　. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了61岁的Thomas不顾个人安危，勇敢营救火灾中的小男孩的故事。 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 41.A. hospital B. work C. church D. bed 答案：D 解析：根据上文“One night”和下文“He got up quickly and went to answer the door.”可知，晚上他已经上床睡觉，后来被叫醒，立马起床。故选D项。 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 42.A. annoyed B. disappointed C. frightened D. tired 答案：D 解析：根据下文“she forgot about the food and fell asleep on a sofa”可知，她很累，在沙发上睡着了。故选D项。 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 43.A. came over B. walked around C. woke up D. looked down 答案：C 解析：根据上文“fell asleep on a sofa”和下文“the house was full of fire and smoke”可知，她醒来发现屋子着火了。故选C项。 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 44.A. Luckily B. Accidentally C. Gradually D. Actually 41 答案：A 解析：根据下文“the girl and her mom ran out”可知，着火了，女孩和妈妈跑出去了，这是幸运的。故选A项。 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 45.A. stopped B. kept C. forgot D. enjoyed 答案：B 解析：根据上文“the house was full of fire and smoke”“but the boy was left inside”和下文“asked Thomas to help her son”可知，因为房子着火但是还有孩子留在屋内，因此那位妈妈一直敲Thomas的门，向他求助。故选B项。 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 46.A. waved B. argued C. cried D. promised 答案：C 解析：根据上文“but the boy was left inside”可知，男孩还在火中，妈妈哭喊着请人去营救。故选C项。 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 47.A. water B. fire C. kitchen D. library 答案：B 解析：根据语境和上文“but the boy was left inside”可知，男孩还在火中。故选B项。 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 48.A. paint B. sleep C. help D. play 答案：C 解析：根据上文“asked Thomas to help her son”和下文“Thomas ________ rushed into the house to save the boy.”可知，Thomas迅速去帮忙。故选C项。 49 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 49.A. hesitantly B. lately C. sadly D. bravely 答案：D 解析：根据下文“rushed into the house to save the boy”可知，Thomas冲进房子去救那个男孩，表现非常勇敢。故选D项。 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 50.A. hands B. eyes C. ears D. feet 答案：A 解析：根据上文“He was crawling”可知，他用手和膝盖在地上爬行。故选A项。 51.A. strange B. new C. dark D. clean 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 答案：C 解析：根据下文“with no electricity”可知，没有电，屋里很黑。故选C项。 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 52.A. focus B. dream C. plan D. ambition 答案：A 解析：根据上文“At this point，he didn’t care”和下文“to save the boy”可知，他不在乎自己的处境，重点是救人。故选A项。 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 53.A. reading B. lying C. drinking D. sitting 答案：B 解析：根据下文“in the hallway unconscious”可知，男孩躺在那里不省人事。故选B项。 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 54.A. recorded B. calmed C. awarded D. prized 答案：C 解析：根据下文“the Government Award for his bravery”以及“He was also awarded the Carnegie Medal for his act of heroism.”可知，Thomas因为他的勇敢被授予政府奖。故选C项。 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 55.A. normal B. useless C. important D. selfless 答案：D 解析：根据上文“At this point，he didn’t care； his ________ was to save the boy.”可知，Thomas不顾个人安危，勇敢救人，所以说他是无私的。故选D项。 52 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 　　阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近年来世界各地发生的自然灾害，并指出这些事件给社区带来的破坏和引发的关于应急准备的疑问。 In recent years，the world 56.______________ (see) a number of natural disasters：hurricanes in the Caribbean and southern U.S.，earthquakes in Mexico，and monsoons (季风雨) in southern Asia. These 57.______________ (event) brought damage to communities.They also brought questions about what we can do to prepare 58.______________ (we) for similar events.The best thing to do when facing a coming natural disaster is to pay attention to your area’s evacuation notices and take advantage of evacuation help.However，it’s possible to 59.______________ (catch) by an unexpected emergency.When 60.______________ (face) with those situations，what should you do to stay safe？ How can you be better prepared？ Every family should have an emergency plan 61.______________ addresses the most likely disasters in their area.Practical 62.__________ (survive) skills should also be part of every family’s plan.These skills need to be learned and practiced before things get hard.This is because you 63.____________ (simple) won’t have time to read a survival book during 64.__________ emergency.Staying calm is the most important thing a person can do during any emergency. A little fear is a natural and healthy response (反 应)65.__________ a frightening event.But when fear runs unchecked，a person may make dangerous choices.It takes practice to learn to stay calm in frightening situations，but it can be done. 56.答案：has seen 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“In recent years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时，主语“the world”为单数。故填has seen。 57.答案：events 解析：考查名词的单复数。根据空前的“these”可知，空处为可数名词的复数形式。故填events。 58.答案：ourselves 解析：考查代词。代词担当宾语，表示主语本身，用反身代词，构成固定短语：prepare oneself for，意为“让自己为……做好准备”。故填ourselves。 59.答案：be caught 解析：考查动词的用法。动词不定式符号后用动词原形，表示被动关系，用“be done”形式。故填be caught。 60.答案：faced 解析：考查状语从句的省略。这里为状语从句的省略，其完整形式为：when you are faced with those situations，和主句主语之间为被动关系，省略you are。故填faced。 61.答案：which/that 解析：考查定语从句。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“an emergency plan”，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。 62.答案：survival 解析：考查词性转换。固定短语survival skills意为“生存技能”，符合句意。故填survival。 63.答案：simply 解析：考查词性转换。空处担当句子的状语，表示“仅仅”，用副词形式。故填simply。 64.答案：an 解析：考查冠词。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词；emergency的发音以元音音素开头，用an。故填an。 65.答案：to 解析：考查介词。固定搭配a response to sth.意为“对某事作出反应”。故填to。 第四部分　写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 　　假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Peter看见了中国某地发生特大洪水的新闻，给你写邮件询问政府和人民是如何应对自然灾害的。请你用英语给他回一封邮件，内容包括： 　　 　　1.政府组织救援及医护人员救灾，并及时运送救援物资； 2.人民群众自发捐款捐物。 　　注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 　　2.邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Peter， 　　I’m grateful because you’re concerned about the flood in China._____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That is how we face natural disasters as a big family. Yours sincerely， Li Hua [参考范文] Dear Peter， 　　I’m grateful because you’re concerned about the flood in China.And I am writing to tell you what we do while facing disasters. 　　As we all know，China is a vast country where natural disasters happen frequently.Whenever a disaster happens，the Chinese government will take many measures to save people and reduce losses.Firstly，rescuers as well as rescue materials will be sent to the disaster area.Secondly，soldiers and doctors will be organised to help rescue the people in the disaster area right after the disaster happens，and many medical rescue materials will be sent there，which will absolutely contribute a lot to the rescue work.Besides，various companies and people from all over the country will donate money and materials voluntarily to provide some help. 　　That is how we face natural disasters as a big family. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 第二节(满分25分) 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　Thomas and Christine Noctor have lived and raised their family in the home for three decades.They and their 12-year-old grandson Dean，who lives with them，had most of their personal belongings damaged or destroyed after a fire broke out in Thomas’ home office on Saturday evening. 　　Ally Noctor was in the home with her mother，father，nephew Dean，and brother James when the incident happened.“My mom has COPD (慢性阻塞性肺病) so I said‘just get out the back’，and she took the dog out the back，” Ally recalled.“My brother came running down looking for a fire extinguisher (灭火器)，and my dad was screaming，‘Fire！’” 　　The fire started in the box room. It’s Thomas’ home office.He’d just done it up.It was clearly an electrical fault but no one thought at the time to turn off the electricity.The room started filling with smoke quickly and they had to leave immediately. 　　The house is located just a short walk away from the fire station.But when neighbors called，the available trucks were already out—so nearly 20 minutes had passed before the fire crew arrived. 　　Thankfully，they managed to prevent the fire from spreading to the attic (阁楼) or to any more homes in the community. 　　The family then went back inside the house to investigate what had happened and survey the damage caused.Dean’s gaming PC was melted，toys were melted，and even the shower was melted.All their clothes couldn’t be taken out. 　　“The downstairs is okay，but there is smoke damage and water damage.And all of the upstairs is completely damaged.My mom is still in shock.She’s just staring into space，” Ally said. 　　But Ally was quick to praise her community，who were right there to help the Noctors get out of the house the moment they sensed trouble and every one of the family got timely help. 　　注意：续写词数应为150个左右。 　　Ally ran out the door without shoes on when escaping.___________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 　　The temporary house is OK but New Year may be difficult._______ __________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] 　　 Ally ran out the door without shoes on when escaping.A neighbour offered shoes to her within seconds.Her mom was given a blanket and a cup of tea by another neighbor.Two more neighbors came to help her dad and Ally didn’t even notice when they left.The following day，the family stayed in the next door’s house and all the other neighbors came over to comfort them.The family soon settled in a nearby temporary house. 　　 The temporary house is OK but New Year may be difficult. As the fire ruined almost everything in the house，the budget for New Year might be a little bit tighter.They have to save on anything they can and get it to the new house.But they are really lucky to live in a harmonious community.The neighbors come again with all that is needed for a simple family New Year celebration.The family are so grateful that they decide to throw a party for every neighbor when they are back in their house. $$