U2 Period Ⅱ Welcome to the unit -【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第二册同步导学案配套PPT课件（译林版）

必修第二册 Unit 2　Be sporty， be healthy Period Ⅱ　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 课堂检测 素养达标 课时作业 巩固提升 词汇识记 1．soccer n．〈美〉足球运动 2．bat n．蝙蝠；球棒，球板 vt.& vi.用球棒(板)击球 He batted the ball high into the air.他把球高高地打到空中。 The fact is that bats play a significant role in keeping a balanced ecosystem.事实是，蝙蝠在保持生态系统平衡方面发挥着重要作用。 3．skydiving n．跳伞运动 4．congratulation n．祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺 He congratulated me on my success and nothing is better than receiving my opponent's congratulations.他祝贺我的成功，没有什么比接受对手的祝贺更好的了。 congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺；祝贺 5．assume vt.假定，认为；承担(责任)，就(职)；呈现，显露 On the assumption that I am chosen as the chairman, I will definitely assume relevant responsibility.如果我被选为主席，我一定会承担相关责任。 assumption n．设想，假定；承担 6．do wonders创造奇迹，产生神奇作用 I assure you that this medicine will do wonders for your cold.我向你保证这种药对你的感冒有奇效。 7．lung n．肺 8．over the long term长期 If maintained over the long term, these habits can become a serious health risk.如果长期保持，这些习惯会成为严重的健康风险。 9．tend vi.往往会；趋向 vt.& vi.照看 The storm tends to hit our city, and we will observe the tendency of it closely.暴风雨有袭击我们城市的趋势，我们将密切观察它的趋势。 People tend to be blind to the beauty around them.人们往往对身边的美视而不见。 Jenny was tending to her son in the bedroom.珍妮在卧室里照料她的儿子。 tendency n．倾向，趋势 10．immune adj.有免疫力；不受影响的；免除的 Taking exercise helps me improve immune system, enabling to strengthen my body.锻炼有助于我提高免疫系统，使我能够增强身体。 11．disease n．病，疾病 He has recovered from the disease and we decide to hold a party in celebration of his recovery.他病好了，我们决定举行一个晚会庆祝他的康复。 12．moreover adv.此外，而且 Moreover, how would you feel if you discovered that the people closest to you had been hiding the truth from you？此外，如果你发现你最亲近的人对你隐瞒了真相，你会作何感想？ 13．reduce vt.减少，缩小 Endangered species' populations are being reduced from critical lows due to intensified anti-poaching efforts.由于加强了反偷猎工作，濒危物种的数量正在从临界低点减少。 The government aims for a 50% reduction in illegal wildlife trade by 2025.政府力争在2025年前实现非法野生动物贸易减少50%。 reduction n．减少；降低 14．routine n．常规，惯例 adj.常规的，例行的；乏味的 People like to have routines and to stick with things they know well.人们喜欢例行公事，喜欢坚持做自己熟悉的事情。 Occupying herself with routine office tasks, she had no time to attend to her children.她忙于日常的办公室工作，没有时间照顾孩子。 15．muscle n．肌肉，肌 The exercises are designed to stretch and strengthen your leg muscles.这些练习的目的是伸展和加强你的腿部肌肉。 16．aerobic adj.有氧的；需氧的 17．jogging n．慢跑锻炼 The girl whose father is an editor goes jogging regularly.父亲是编辑的那个女孩经常慢跑。 18．skiing n．滑雪(运动) In children's minds, winter is always associated with skiing, skating and making a snowman.在孩子们的心目中，冬天总是与滑雪、滑冰和堆雪人联系在一起。 19．pull-up n．引体向上 Traditional exercises like sit-ups, press-ups and pull-ups are great for strengthening the body, assuming you do them properly.像仰卧起坐、俯卧撑和引体向上这样的传统运动对增强身体很有好处，前提是你做得正确。 20．bone n．骨头，骨 Some children play a game called bones, which sharpens the hand-eye coordination (协调) needed in hunting.有些孩子玩一种叫“骨头”的游戏，这种游戏可以提高狩猎所需的手眼协调能力。 21．gymnastics n．体操，体操训练 It is said that she is a legend and always a champion in gymnastics.据说，她是体操的传奇人物，永远是冠军。 22．tai chi n．太极拳，太极 23．stretch vt.& vi.伸展，舒展；拉长；伸出；(使)延伸 Canada is a broad and beautiful country, which stretches from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.加拿大是一个广阔而美丽的国家，从大西洋一直延伸到太平洋。 24．range n．(变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区间；一系列 Its price ranges between twenty and thirty yuan.它的价格在20元到30元之间。 Our conversation ranged over many topics.我们的谈话涉及许多话题。 The shabby houses used to range along the road.过去沿路排列着破旧的房屋。 They are looking for the house available in the price range.他们正在寻找价格范围内的房子。 Between Italy and France，there is a mountain range called the Alps.在意大利和法国之间，有一座山脉叫阿尔卑斯山。 25．movement n．活动，转动；移动；运动 We are moving into the new flat next month.Cleaning work is waiting for us.我们下个月要搬进新公寓。清洁工作正在等着我们。 The film was so moving that the audience were all moved to tears.这部电影太感人了，观众都感动得流下了眼泪。 In the ballet club, we can learn some new movements.在芭蕾舞俱乐部，我们可以学习一些新动作。 move v．移动；搬家；使感动 26．stick with持续，坚持 When he was a child, Fred stuck with his homework until it was done.当弗雷德还是个孩子的时候，他坚持完成家庭作业，直到写完为止。 27．petrol n．汽油 28．carbohydrate n．碳水化合物，糖类 29．energy n．能，能量；精力；能源 He is an energetic person who is always full of energy to do everything.他是一个精力充沛的人，做任何事情都充满活力。 30．protein n．蛋白质 energetic adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的 31．average n．平均水平，一般水准 adj.平均的；典型的 Scientists believe the world's average temperature has risen by about 0.8 ℃ since 1990.科学家认为，自1990年以来，世界平均气温上升了约0.8 ℃。 The boats remain at sea for an average of ten days at a time.这些船平均每次在海上停留10天。 There was nothing special about the meal; it was average.这顿饭没有什么特别的；它挺平常的。 32．throughout prep.自始至终；各处，遍及 Throughout her career as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.在她的职业舞者生涯中，她曾在英国巡回演出，但一直渴望进一步探索。 33．make up for弥补，补偿 What matters most is how you can make up for your mistake.最重要的是你如何弥补你的错误。 34．sweat n．汗水 vt.& vi.出汗，流汗 Tough life and poor food can help make him realize what we eat daily is the fruit of the sweat of the laboring people.生活艰苦，食物贫乏，让他意识到我们平常吃的食物是劳动人民汗水的果实。 35．injury n．伤害，损伤 injure vt.使受伤；损害 injured adj.受伤的；委屈的 the injured伤员 He got injured during the basketball match，which made all of us worried.他在篮球比赛中受伤了，这使我们都很担心。 If you exercise like that，you'll do yourself an injury！如果你像那样锻炼的话，你会受伤的！ After the accident，the ambulance took the injured to the nearby hospital.事故发生后，救护车把伤者送到了附近的一家医院。 36．prevent vt.阻止，阻碍 Prevention is better than cure, so we must take preventive measures to prevent virus from spreading.预防胜于治疗，因此我们必须采取预防措施防止病毒的传播。 prevention n．阻止，预防 preventive adj.预防(性)的 37．tissue n．(人、动植物细胞的)组织；(尤指用作手帕的)纸巾，手巾纸 38．equipment n．设备；配备，装备 Olympic host cities are generally equipped with advanced technology and expensive equipment.奥运会主办城市通常配备了先进的技术和昂贵的设备。 Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.我们学校提供良好的设备，你将为你未来的工作做好知识和技能的准备。 equip v．给……装备 39．lack n．缺乏，匮乏，短缺 vt.& vi.没有，缺乏，不足，短缺 Studies show farmland in Africa is often lacking in important nutrients.And lack of nutrients makes the soil there poor.研究表明，非洲的农田往往缺乏重要的营养物质。缺乏养分使那里的土壤贫瘠。 Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to a key university.尽管缺钱，他的父母还是设法把他送进了一所重点大学。 lacking adj.缺乏的，没有的，不足的 40．maintain vt.维持；维修，保养；坚持(意见) The two countries have always maintained close relations.这两个国家一直保持着密切关系。 The house is large and difficult to maintain.房子很大，难以养护。 Her income was hardly enough to maintain one child, let alone three.她的收入养活一个孩子几乎都不够，更不用说三个了。 He maintains that he has never seen the woman before.他坚称以前从未见过那位女士。 41．announce vt.宣布，宣告；通知 announcement n．通告；公告 announcer n．广播员；播音员 John announced to his colleagues that he was to marry a Chinese girl.The announcement of their marriage would appear in the newspaper the next week.约翰向他的同事宣布他要娶一个中国女孩。他们结婚的公告将在下周登报。 The announcer softly announced the result, but the announcement made me shocked.广播员轻轻地宣布了结果，但这一通告令我震惊。 42．put the finishing touches to对……进行最后的润色或修饰 Engineers were putting the finishing touches to Chinese suspension bridge that would be one of the world's biggest. 工程师们正给将是世界上最大的吊桥之一的中国吊桥进行最后的修饰。 43．update vt.使现代化，更新；向……提供最新信息 n．最新消息 So far, several statistical examples have been updated with real-world data to help business professionals understand the changing market.到目前为止，已经用实际数据更新了几个统计示例，以帮助业务专业人员了解不断变化的市场。 On social media sites, people tend to post only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly.在社交媒体网站上，人们倾向于只发布让自己看起来快乐和友好的积极更新。 44．in response to对……作出反应；作为对……的回复 I am writing in response to your advertisement for a temporary position as a waiter.针对你们招聘临时服务员的广告，我写了这封(申请)信。 45．replace vt.用……替换；代替，取代；更换，更新 I promised to replace the plate that I'd dropped.我答应把掉在地上的盘子换掉。 She replaced the books on the shelves.她把书放回架子上。 Now most Chinese families have replaced coal fires with/by gas.现在大部分的中国家庭都用煤气代替了煤炭。 46．athlete n．运动员 We've been fortunate to have got good advice from some famous athletes on how to improve our skills and build up our body.针对如何提高我们的技能和强健我们的身体，我们很幸运地从一些著名的运动员那里得到了很好的建议。 Many boys in Grade 8 are muscular with an athletic build.很多八年级的男生肌肉发达，体格健壮。 athletic adj.强壮的，健壮的 47．boxing n．拳击运动 Tai chi or Chinese boxing, is an ancient and distinctive Chinese form of exercise that is popular throughout the world.太极拳或中国拳击，是一种古老而独特的中国运动形式，在全世界都很受欢迎。 48．champion n．冠军，第一名 49．court n．球场；法院，法庭；宫廷 In contrast to the court life and upperclass culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers.与紫禁城、颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上层文化相比，胡同反映的是草根北京人的文化。 He walked from the court arm in arm with his wife.他和妻子手挽着手走出法庭。 默写练习 【限时：15分钟】 Ⅰ.默写重点单词 1．____________ vt.使现代化，更新；向……提供最新信息 n．最新消息 2．____________ n．常规，惯例 adj.常规的，例行的；乏味的 3．____________ vt.& vi.伸展，舒展；拉长；伸出；(使)延伸 4．____________ n．平均水平，一般水准 adj.平均的；典型的 update routine stretch average 5．____________ vt.用……替换；代替，取代；更换，更新 6．____________ adv.此外，而且 7．____________ vt.阻止，阻碍 8．____________ n．缺乏，匮乏，短缺 vt.& vi.没有，缺乏，不足，短缺 9．____________ vt.维持；维修，保养 10．____________ n．汗水 vt.& vi.出汗，流汗 replace moreover prevent lack maintain sweat 11．____________ n．伤害，损伤→____________ vt.伤害，损伤 12．____________ n．祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺→____________ vt.祝贺；庆贺 13．____________ vt.假定，认为；承担(责任)，就(职)；呈现，显露→____________ conj.假设，假定→____________ n．假定；假设 14．____________ vi.往往会；趋向vt.照看→____________ n．倾向；趋势 injury injure congratulation congratulate assume assuming assumption tend tendency 15．____________ n．活动，转动；移动；运动→____________ vi.& vt.(使)改变位置，移动；搬家→____________ adj.感动的；难过的 16．____________ n．能，能量；精力；能源→____________ adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的→____________ adv.精力充沛地；积极地 17．____________ n．配备，装备；设备→___________ vt.装备，配备→____________ adj.装备齐全的；有能力的 movement move moved energy energetic energetically equipment equip equipped 18．____________ vt.宣布，宣告；通知→_____________ n．通告；宣布；声明 announce announcement Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．_______________ (congratulate) on your winning first prize in the Chinese calligraphy contest. 2．We are working on the ____________ (assume) that interest rates will fall. 3．As a Senior 3 student，it is normal that you have a ____________ (tend) to get anxious with the exam approaching. Congratulations assumption tendency 4．It's very important to have a good sleep at night if you want to be ____________ (energy) during the day. 5．An average of 60% of the soldiers got ____________ (injure) or killed in the war. energetic injured Ⅲ.默写核心短语 1．________________创造奇迹，产生神奇作用 2．________________持续，坚持 3．________________弥补，补偿 4．________________从……中获益 5．________________________对……进行最后的润色或修饰 6．________________对……作出反应；作为对……的回复 do wonders stick with make up for benefit from put the finishing touches to in response to 7．________________保持 8．________________含有丰富的……；富于 9．________________通常；大体上；一般来说 10．________________弄清；设法保证，确保 keep up be rich in in general make sure Ⅳ.选词填空 从核心短语中选择合适的完成下列句子 1．Five years older than the majority of officers of his same rank，he was determined to _______________ lost time. 2．The product was developed ________________ customer demand. 3．Practising is boring，but ________________ it and some day you will be an excellent pianist. make up for in response to stick with 4．You should ________________ your spirits.Continue studying hard and you'll do well in the next exam. 5．She went over what he had written and _____________________ the essay. keep up put the finishing touches to 词汇精研 1．congratulation n．祝贺，恭喜；贺辞；恭贺 [教材原文] You want to start doing exercise? Congratulations！你想开始锻炼吗？恭喜你！ (1)offer/send/express congratulations to sb.on sth.向某人祝贺某事 a letter of congratulation祝贺信 (2)congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺；祝贺 congratulate sb.on (doing) sth.祝贺某人(做)某事 congratulate oneself on (doing) sth.为某人的成就或成功感到自豪/高兴 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①________________ (congratulate) to the Chinese women volleyball team on their victory in this competition! ②I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him ____________ his marriage，but I couldn't manage it. ③You should congratulate yourself on ____________ (do) an excellent job. Congratulations on having done ④我祝贺你在汉语演讲比赛中获得了一等奖。 →I would like to __________________________________________ your receiving first prize in the Chinese speech contest.(congratulation) →I would like to ________________________ your receiving first prize in the Chinese speech contest.(congratulate) offer/send/express my congratulations to you on congratulate you on [名师点津]　congratulation在用作名词时，常常要用其复数形式。 [词义辨析]　 congratulate “祝贺；道贺”，只能用人作宾语，若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面要用on/upon连接，构成congratulate sb.on/upon sth. celebrate 举行仪式、典礼的“庆祝”，只能用事物(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语 2．assume vt.假定，认为；承担(责任)；就(职)；呈现，显露 [教材原文] Most people assume that regular exercise does wonders for the body and mind—but what exactly are its health benefits？大多数人认为定期锻炼对身心有奇效，但它对健康究竟有什么好处呢？ (1)assume...to be...认为……是……；假定……是…… assume (that)...假定，认为…… It is generally assumed (that)...普遍认为…… (2)assuming (that)...假定……(作状语) (3)assumption n．设想，假定；承担 make an assumption (about)(对……)做出假设/推测；假定/认为…… on the assumption that假定，假设 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换 ①(应用文之建议信)Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the ____________ (assume) that you've made. ②Suppose (that) it rains tomorrow, shall we cancel the sports meeting? →_______________________________________________ it rains tomorrow, shall we cancel the sports meeting? assumption Supposing/Assuming/Providing/Provided (that) ③We assume that he is an honest boy. →We assume __________________ an honest boy. →________________ he is an honest boy. him to be It is assumed that [名师点津]　“假设，如果”的表达法还有supposing/suppose that...，providing/provide that...，on condition that...，in case...等。 3.tend vi.往往会；趋向 vt.照看；照料 [教材原文] It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases. 事实也证明，定期运动的人往往会有更好的免疫系统，患病的风险较低。 (1)tend to do sth.倾向于做某事 tend (to) sb./sth.照料/照看某人/某物 tend to/towards趋向……，趋于…… (2)tendency n．倾向，趋势；偏好；性情 have a tendency to do sth.喜欢做某事；倾向于做某事 there is a tendency (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)有做某事的趋势 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①There is a ____________ (tend) for a person to put up a mask when around other people. ②The gym tends ____________ (get) very busy at around six o'clock. ③I have a tendency ____________ (talk) too much when I'm nervous. tendency to get to talk ④如果你不提前了解唐朝的历史，你往往会发现很难学会唐诗。 →If you do not understand the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, you will ________________ it difficult to learn Tang poetry.(tend) →If you do not understand the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, you will ________________________ it difficult to learn Tang poetry.(tendency) tend to find have a tendency to find 4．reduce vt.减少，缩小 [教材原文] Working out can help you reduce stress and get over negative feelings.锻炼可以帮助你减轻压力，克服负面情绪。 (1)reduce to减少到 reduce from...to...(把……)从……减到…… reduce by减少了 reduce sb.to doing sth.迫使某人做某事，使某人沦落到某种地步 (2)reduction n．减少；降低 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Costs have been reduced ____________ 20% over the past years. ②The employees in the company were reduced ____________ 100 last year. ③There has been some ____________ (reduce) in unemployment. ④在没有任何信息的情况下，我们只能猜测发生了什么。 Without any information, we've ______________________________ ________________． by to reduction been reduced to guessing what happened ⑤冯·黄希望他的工作也能帮助迫使大公司减少塑料足迹。 Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to _____________________________． reduce their plastic footprint 5.range n．(变动或浮动的)范围，界限，区间；一系列 vi.变化，变动，包括 [教材原文] Flexibility training，including gymnastics and tai chi，helps stretch your muscles and improve your body's range of movement.体操和太极拳等柔韧性训练有助于伸展肌肉，加大身体活动范围。 (1)a wide/full range of各种各样的 within/in range of在可及的范围内，在视觉或听觉范围内 out of/beyond one's range＝out of/beyond the range of sb.超出某人的承受范围 (2)range from...to...在……到……范围内变化 range between...and...在……与……之间变化 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had ____________range of words that express different grades of gratitude. ②His interests range ____________ playing football to listening to music. a from ③他做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。 He has had a number of different jobs, ________________________ _____________________________． ranging from chef to swimming instructor 6.energy n．能，能量；精力；能源 [教材原文] Like cars that run on petrol, your body burns carbohydrates for energy.就像汽油驱动的汽车一样，你的身体消耗碳水化合物来提供能量。 (1)full of energy精力充沛 (2)energetic adj.精力充沛的，充满活力的 energetically adv.精力充沛地；积极地 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换 ①We need to be more ____________ (energy) in participating in social activities. ②Though her grandfather is old, he is still full of ____________ (energetic) and travels from place to place. ③She is rather young, healthy and an energetic girl. →She is rather young, healthy and a girl ____________________． energetic energy full of energy [词义辨析] energy 物理学中指能量、能源，用于人时可指体力和精力 strength 指某人或某物所具有的内在力量，可指体力、力气或抽象的力量 force 指的是物质或精神力量，多指为做成某事而使用的力量，也常指武力 power 一般用语，可指动力、思维能力等各种力量或能力 7．average adj.一般的，普通的；平均的；典型的 n．平均水平，一般水准；平均数 v．算出……的平均数；平均为 [教材原文] In general, you should have your meal an average of 1.5 to 2.5 hours before exercising.一般来说，你应该在运动之前的平均1.5到2.5小时内吃饭。 (1)an average of 平均有(后跟数词) on average 平均起来；通常 above/below average 在平均水平以上/以下 (2)average out 算出平均数 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/ 完成句子 ①Generally speaking, it's enough for an adult to sleep about eight hours ____________ average per day. ②这个月的降雨低于平均降雨量。 There has been ____________________ rainfall this month. on below average ③在上一次机器人竞赛中，你的测试成绩高于所有参与者的平均水平。 In the last robotics competition, your test scores were __________________ in all participants. above average 8.make up for弥补，补偿 [教材原文] Remember to drink throughout exercise to make up for water lost to sweat.记住运动时全程都要喝水，以弥补流汗所造成的水分流失。 make it及时到达；获得成功；设法做成 make up组成；编造；化妆；和好 make out理解；弄清；填写 make sense讲得通，有意义 make one's way (to)前往 make use of利用，使用 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The flight leaves in twenty minutes—we'll never make _________. ②About twenty doctors and forty nurses made ____________ this medical team. ③I heard the voices, but couldn't make ____________ what they were saying. it up out ④Caroline doesn't have a gift for music, but she makes up ____________ it with hard work. ⑤我竭尽全力， 认真收集资料并记录结果， 以弥补我在学术上的劣势。 I spared no effort to do my bit, collecting data and recording results carefully so as to ____________________________________． for make up for my academic disadvantage 9.prevent vt.阻止，阻碍 [教材原文] To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising.为了防止软组织受伤，运动时一定要配备合适的衣服和器材。 (1)prevent...(from) doing sth.阻止……做某事 (2)prevention n．预防；防范 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Social attention should be paid to preventing our earth __________ being polluted. ②The findings show a critical need to invest in disaster __________ (prevent). ③当然，我本可以问她，但有些事阻止了我这样做。 Sure, I could have asked her, but something ____________________ __________ doing so. from prevention prevented/stopped/kept me from [名师点津]　在stop/prevent...(from) doing sth.结构中，语态是主动语态时，可以省略from；但在变成被动语态时，from不可省略。在keep...from doing sth.结构中，无论用于主动语态还是被动语态均不可省略from。 10．injury n．伤害，损伤 [教材原文] To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising.为了防止软组织受伤，运动时一定要配备合适的衣服和器材。 (1)do sb./oneself an injury＝do an injury to sb./oneself 使某人/自己受伤害 (2)injure v．使受伤，弄伤 (3)injured adj.受伤的 get/be injured 受伤 the injured 伤员 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Be careful with that knife or you'll do yourself ____________ injury. ②The woman ____________ (injure) in the car crash is still under treatment in hospital. an injured ③(应用文之建议信)如果你试图提起那个很重的手提箱， 你会伤着自己的。 If you try to lift the heavy suitcase, you'll ______________________ _______________________________． do yourself an injury/do an injury to yourself [词义辨析] injure 多指意外事故造成的伤害，也可指对名誉、地位的损害 wound 指人在战斗、攻击中受伤，身体上出现明显的伤口，多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉受到的伤害 hurt 多指精神上受到伤害，也可指身体上的疼痛 harm 指身体或精神上受到的损害或对周围事物造成的危害，意为“伤害，损害”。常用短语do harm to，意为“对……有害” 11.equipment n．配备，装备；设备 [教材原文] To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising.为了防止软组织受伤，运动时一定要配备合适的衣服和器材。 (1)equip sb./sth.with sth.用……装备…… equip sb.to do sth.使某人有能力做某事 (2)well-equipped adj.设备精良的；装备很好的 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary ____________ (equip) with you, since it's all but impossible to find natural substitutes. ②All riders ____________ (equip) with reflective vests and safety lights. equipment are equipped ③为了让我们的学生更好地适应社会，我们想让他们具备某些特殊技能。 In order to make our students adapt to the society better, ___________ ________________________________． we want to equip them with some special skills [名师点津]　(1)equip的过去式和过去分词均为equipped。 (2)equipment为不可数名词，用a piece of equipment表示“一件设备”。 (3)要以被装备的对象作宾语，不能以装备物作宾语，其句型通常为“equip＋装备对象＋with＋装备物”： We are going to equip the room with air-conditioning.我们打算给这个房间装上空调。注意不能说We are going to equip air-conditioning in the room.。 12．lack n．缺乏，匮乏，短缺 vt.& vi.没有，缺乏，不足，短缺 [教材原文] Others work out for hours at the weekend to make up for their lack of exercise during the weekdays.另一些人在周末锻炼几个小时，以弥补他们在工作日缺乏的锻炼。 (1)(a) lack of 缺少 for lack of...因为缺乏…… (2)lack sth.缺乏某物 (3)lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的 be lacking in 缺乏…… [即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译 ①The headmaster said that a lack ____________ money was a great challenge. ②Though ____________ (lack) experience，the young man still accepted the difficult task. ③The man is lacking ____________ courage to overcome difficulties by himself. of lacking in ④尽管汤姆缺乏信心，但他尽了一切努力， 最终梦想成真。 →Though Tom __________________， he made every effort and his dream came true at last. →In spite of __________________，Tom made every effort and his dream came true at last. lacked confidence (a) lack of confidence [名师点津]　lack作动词时，是及物动词，其后直接跟宾语。lack作名词时，其后跟介词of。 句式剖析 1．it作形式主语 [教材原文] It has also been proven that active people tend to have better immune systems and are at lower risk of diseases.事实也证明，定期运动的人往往会有更好的免疫系统，患病的风险较低。 (1)本句中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。 (2)it作形式主语，that从句作真正的主语的常用句型： ①It is hoped/announced/expected/reported/said/assumed that...据希望/宣布/期望/报道/说/推测…… ②It's strange/natural/surprising/true/funny/wonderful/likely/impossible that...……是奇怪的/自然的/惊奇的/真的/有趣的/很棒的/可能的/不可能的 ③It's a pity/a shame/good news/an honour/a good thing that...……真遗憾/真可惜/是好消息/很荣幸/太好了 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换 ①____________ was reported that dozens of children died in the accident. ②It is interesting ____________ I spend these days with you. ③It's said that Tom has come back from abroad. →People ___________________________ from abroad. →Tom ________________________ from abroad. It that said that Tom has come back is said to have come back ④Obviously, we don't want to spend too much money. →____________________ we don't want to spend too much money. ⑤It is necessary for him to be sent there at once. →It is necessary ____________________ there at once. It is obvious that that he should be sent 2．状语从句的省略 [教材原文] To prevent soft tissue injury, make sure that you wear proper clothes and equipment when exercising. 为了防止软组织受伤，运动时一定要配备合适的衣服和器材。 (1)本句中that引导宾语从句，其中when exercising是状语从句的省略形式，补全应为： when you are exercising。 (2)状语从句的省略： ①从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语中含有be动词的某种形式时，可以省略从句的主语和be动词。 ②从句的主语是it，从句的谓语中含有be动词的某种形式时，可以把it和be动词一起省略。 (3)if从句的省略形式： if necessary如果有必要的话 if so如果是这样的话 if anybody/anyone若有(任何)人的话 if any如果有的话 if ever如果有过的话 if anything如果有什么的话 if not如果不是这样的话；不然的话 if possible如果可能的话 [即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子 ①While ____________ (visit) the city, they received a warm welcome. ②When ____________ (ask) to answer questions, you should stand up. visiting asked ③他可能很忙。如果是这样的话，我就一个人去远足。 He may be busy.______________, I'll go hiking alone. ④那篇作文即使有错误，也很少。 There are few, ____________， mistakes in that composition. If so if any [巧学助记]　状语从句省略口诀 省略句真容易，符合两条就可以； 从句谓语含有be，两句主语一样的； 从句若有it be，照样省去不迟疑； 选择-ed或-ing，主动被动辨仔细。 课堂检测 素养达标 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．There's no fixed ____________(惯例) at work—every day is different. 2．“I'm so tired，” she said, yawning and __________ (伸懒腰). 3．The ____________ (平均数) of the three numbers 7, 12 and 20 is 13. 4．The army has been brought in to ____________ (维持) order in the region. routine stretching average maintain 5．They reported a sudden outbreak of the __________ (疾病) in the south of the country. 6．She's been leading ____________ (自始至终) the race, but it now looks as if she's tired. 7．She still suffers considerable discomfort from her ____________ (损伤). 8．If he fails, it won't be for ____________ (缺乏) of effort. disease throughout injury lack 9．By the time we climbed to the top of the hill, we had been covered in ____________ (汗水). 10．I don't like skating.____________ (而且), the ice is too thin. sweat Moreover Ⅱ.选词填空 1．A bit of give and take would ________________ for their relationship. 2．If you're in a job that keeps you busy, ________________ it. 3．Hard work can often ________________ a lack of ability. do wonders, stick with, make up for, such as, benefit from, be good for, keep up, rich in do wonders stick with make up for 4．He is poor in money, but ________________ knowledge. 5．I might ________________ getting my teeth fixed. 6．They risk losing their homes because they can no longer ________________ the repayments. 7．Drink your medicine up—it ________________ you. 8．Heroes ________________ Huang Jiguang will always live in the hearts of the people. rich in benefit from keep up is good for such as Ⅲ.完成句子 1．医生们发现，养一只宠物会对你的健康产生奇妙的作用。 Doctors have discovered that keeping a pet can ____________________ for your health. 2．做早操对你的健康有利。 Doing morning exercises will be of ____________________ your health. do wonders benefit to 3．明天去什么地方尚未决定。 ____________________ has not been decided. 4．据说，她活了100多岁。 ________________ that she lived to be over 100. 5．少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 Work hard when ________________， or you'll regret. Where to go tomorrow It is said (you are) young 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．He smiled his _______________ (congratulate) and left without another word. 2．People tend to make ____________ (assume) about you when you have a disability. 3．While ____________ (walk) along the river bank, she was singing a pop song. congratulations assumptions walking 4．Prices have risen by ____________ average of four percent over the past years. 5．The soldiers gave their ____________ (equip) a final check before setting off. 6．Let me congratulate you ____________ your winning first place in the 100-metre dash. an equipment on 7．There is a ____________ (tend) for unemployment to rise in the summer. 8．He's very ____________ (energy), isn't he, for a man of his age? tendency energetic Ⅱ.完成句子 1．如果你需要任何帮助，你知道去哪儿找我。 If you ever need any help, ______________________________． 2．每小时、每分钟、每一秒对我们都很宝贵。 Each hour, each minute and each second ______________________． 3．时间允许的话，我想下周末补上这个练习。 Time permitting, _________________________________________． you know where to find me is of great value to us I want to make up for the practice next weekend 4．我真的认为如果能进入这家公司，我就会为我的事业创造奇迹。 I really think if I can get my foot in the door at the company, ____________________________． 5．我们在做喜欢的事情时会很舒服。 We're comfortable __________________________________． I will do wonders for my career when (we are) doing what we like to do Ⅲ.阅读理解 A Like all big cities, Paris has a traffic problem: lots of cars, lots of traffic jams and lots of pollution from exhaust fumes．So the city began a project to improve the situation. Under the Velib project (“Velib” comes from velo liberty, or “bicycle freedom”) people can take a bicycle, use it for as long as they want, and then leave it at the same or another bicycle station.The first half-hour on the bike is free, but if you don't return it after 30 minutes, you have to pay.But it's only €1 a day or €29 a year! The bicycles are heavy (25 kg), and they are all gray and have baskets.There are about 20，000 of them in the city, and around 1，450 bicycle stations.So there are a lot more Velib stations than the 298 subway stations! Paris is not the first city to have a project like this.But not everybody thinks it's a great idea.One Parisian said, “These bicycles are only for short journeys.If people want to travel across the city, they won't use a bicycle—they'll still use their cars.” A city spokesman said, “The bicycle project won't solve all our traffic problems, of course.But it might help reduce air pollution.Traffic, together with factory fumes, is a big problem.There aren't any simple answers to traffic problems and pollution in cities.But unless we do something now, there will be more traffic jams and temperatures will continue to rise, so the problems in our environment will get worse.The bikes might help people to lead a healthier life, too.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴黎的一种新的自行车骑行项目，鼓励人们为了环境和自己的身体健康，多骑自行车。 2 3 1 4 1．What can we learn about the Velib project? A.Its bikes have no baskets. B．Its bikes are light and colorful. C．It is aimed at making traveling easier. D．It owns more stations than the subway. 答案：D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“So there are a lot more Velib stations than the 298 subway stations！”可知，Velib项目的自行车车站要比地铁站多得多。故选D。 2 3 1 4 2．Why do some people disagree with the Velib project? A．The cost is rather high. B．It's hard to find a Velib station. C．It's not suitable for a long journey. D．The distance between two Velib stations is long. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But not everybody...—they'll still use their cars.(但并不是所有人都认为这是个好主意。一个巴黎人说：‘这些自行车只用于短途旅行。如果人们想要穿越城市，他们不会使用自行车，他们仍然会使用汽车。’)”可知，一些人不同意Velib项目是因为这些自行车仅仅适用于短期旅途，不适用长途旅行。故选C。 2 3 1 4 3．What does the underlined word “fumes” in the first paragraph mean? A．Position.　　　　　　 B．Smoke. C．Quality. D．Loss. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Like all big cities...and lots of pollution”可知，这种污染来自汽车的烟或废气，所以画线词的含义是“烟或废气”。A.Position位置；B.Smoke烟；C.Quality质量；D.Loss损失。故选B。 2 3 1 4 4．What's the city spokesman's attitude towards the bicycle project? A．Worried. B．Positive. C．Uncaring. D．Doubtful. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，城市发言人对自行车骑行的态度是积极的。故选B。 2 3 1 4 B A new study involving nearly 50，000 people from four continents offers new insights into identifying the quantity of daily walking steps that will best improve adults' health and longevity (长寿), and whether the ideal number of steps differs across people of different ages.The study represents an effort to develop an evidence-based public health message about the benefits of physical activity.The often-repeated 10，000-step-a-day saying grew out of a decades-old marketing activity for a Japanese pedometer (计步器), with no science to back it up. Led by physical activity professor Amanda Paluch, an international group of scientists conducted an experiment among adults aged 18 and older.They grouped the nearly 50，000 participants into four comparative groups according to average steps per day.The lowest step group averaged 3，500 steps; the second, 5，800; the third, 7，800; and the fourth, 10，900 steps per day.Among the three higher active groups, there was a 40-53% lower risk of death, compared to the lowest step group. More specifically, for adults 60 and older, the risk of early death leveled off at about 6，000-8，000 steps per day, meaning that more steps than that provided no additional benefit for longevity, while for adults younger than 60, about 8，000-10，000 steps per day. “So, what we saw was this continuing reduction in risk as the number of steps increases, until it levels off.Interestingly, the study found no definitive association with walking speed.” Paluch says. The new study supports and expands findings from another study led by Paluch before, which found that walking at least 7，000 steps a day reduced middle-aged people's risk of early death.“There's a lot of evidence suggesting that moving even a little more is beneficial, particularly for those who are doing very little activity.” Paluch says.“More steps per day are better for your health.” [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一项新研究对四大洲近5万人进行了分析，确定了能够最大程度改善健康、延长寿命的每日步数，同时调查了不同年龄段的人每日最佳步数是否有所不同。 5．Why did the scientists carry out the new study? A．To know about people's health condition. B．To explain the pedometer's working principles. C．To determine the best physical activity for people. D．To provide a scientific guideline on daily walking. 答案：D 6 7 5 8 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The study represents...to back it up.”可知，现有的观点缺乏科学依据，本项研究旨在为科学的走路步数提供证据，所以，本研究旨在为日常走路锻炼提供科学指导。故选D。 6 7 5 8 6．What do the underlined words “leveled off” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Turned higher. B．Became stable. C．Fell sharply. D．Changed rapidly. 答案：B 6 7 5 8 词义猜测题。根据画线短语后面的“meaning that more steps than that provided no additional benefit for longevity”可知，多余的步数并不会增加额外的好处，由此可推知，步数到达一定量之后降低死亡的风险趋于稳定，不再变化。“leveled off”意为“保持水平，保持平稳发展”，与became stable意思相近。故选B。 6 7 5 8 7．What does the experiment find? A．The old should walk as much as possible. B．Young people usually walk more than the old. C．The most beneficial steps differ by age groups. D．Walking pace is the key to avoiding early death. 答案：C 6 7 5 8 推理判断题。根据第三段“更具体地说，对于60岁及以上的成年人来说，过早死亡的风险稳定在每天6 000到8 000步左右，这意味着更多的步数对寿命没有额外的好处，而对于60岁以下的成年人来说大约是每天8 000到10 000步”可知，年龄不同，最佳效果步数也不一样。故选C。 6 7 5 8 8．What does Paluch advise people doing little activity to do? A．To walk more steps. B．To control walking speed. C．To limit walking distance. D．To track the number of steps. 答案：A 6 7 5 8 细节理解题。根据最后一段Paluch所说的“There's a lot of...very little activity.”和“More steps per day are better for your health.”可知，不运动的人，增加走路步数对健康有益，因此可知，Paluch建议不运动的人应该增加走路步数。故选A。 6 7 5 8 Ⅳ.完形填空 Yesterday, my daughter had to go to work earlier than usual.Since the gym where I work out is not far from her 1 ， I decided to take her to work and then go to the gym. At quite an earlier hour, the gym was 2 full of men and women of all ages, working out.I 3 go to the gym at this early hour, and was 4 to see so many people.It seems that many go to the gym before going to 5 ．Some want to lose weight, others want to 6 their body, and a great number of people like to build their muscles (肌肉).I know how difficult it is for most people to start exercising.Most people know it is good for their body, 7 they are too lazy to go to the gym, 8 in the morning.They 9 to spend an extra hour in bed before starting their 10 ．In the afternoon, they are too 11 after work, and want to stay at home or go out to meet friends. If you're one of them, you need to overcome (克服) your 12 ．If you 13 going to the gym and exercising, you will start to 14 it.This usually 15 when you see you're losing weight, that your body is getting into a better shape, and that you feel stronger. It is the same in every other area of life.Everything becomes easier if you have great motivation. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章以健身为例，说明万事开头难，但一旦学会了自律，有了决心，见到努力的成效后就会更有动力，然后就会喜欢上这件事，进而坚持下去。 2 3 1 4 1．A.house B．garage C．office D．yard 答案：C 根据上文“my daughter had to go to work earlier than usual”可推知，此处指作者的健身房离女儿的办公室不远，所以打算顺路送她上班。故选C项。 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2．A.already B．still C．even D．just 答案：A 根据下文“to see so many people”可推知，此处指作者去的时候，健身房里已经有很多人了。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3．A.usually B．sometimes C．only D．seldom 答案：D 根据上文“At quite an earlier hour”可推知，此处指作者很少那么早赶到健身房。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4．A.happy B．surprised C．excited D．satisfied 答案：B 根据上文“I 3 go to the gym at this early hour”以及下文“to see so many people”可知，作者很少那么早赶到健身房，从而推知，他看到有那么多人早早来锻炼，感到非常惊讶。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5．A.hospital B．bed C．work D．school 答案：C 通过上文“go to work earlier than usual”可推知，作者去健身房的时间很早，这个时候人们通常还没上班，由此推知，他们是在上班前去锻炼的。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6．A.shape B．protect C．check D．change 答案：A 根据下文“a great number of people like to build their muscles”以及“your body is getting into a better shape”可推知，此处指有很多人进行锻炼的目的是想要对身体进行塑形。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7．A.and B．but C．then D．thus 答案：B 根据上文“Most people know it is good for their body”以及下文“they are too lazy to go to the gym”和“spend an extra hour in bed”可推知，上下文呈转折关系，指大多数人知道锻炼对身体有益，但他们懒得去健身房，所以应该用转折连词“but”。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8．A.actually B．simply C．especially D．generally 答案：C 根据上文“they are too lazy to go to the gym”以及下文“spend an extra hour in bed”可推知，此处指人们懒得去健身房，尤其是在早上。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9．A.need B．have C．prefer D．expect 答案：C 根据上文“they are too lazy to go to the gym, 8 in the morning”以及下文“spend an extra hour in bed”可推知，此处指相比于去健身房，人们更喜欢早上在床上多睡一个小时。故选C项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10．A.day B．plan C．trip D．business 答案：A 根据上文“ 8 in the morning.They 9 to spend an extra hour in bed”可知，相比于去健身房，人们更喜欢早上在床上多睡一会，而早晨为新的一天的开始。故选A项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.worried B．bored C．anxious D．tired 答案：D 根据上文“In the afternoon”以及下文“after work”可推知，此处指人们下班后身体感到疲惫。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.quietness B．loneliness C．darkness D．laziness 答案：D 根据上文“they are too lazy to go to the gym”以及“ 9 to spend an extra hour in bed”可推知，此处指作者建议大家克服懒惰。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.practice B．keep C．forget D．consider 答案：B 根据上文作者建议大家克服懒惰可推知，此处指坚持去锻炼，保持去健身房锻炼的好习惯。短语“keep going”意为“保持，继续不断”。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14．A.take B．survive C．get D．like 答案：D 根据上文“If you 13 going to the gym and exercising”以及下文“getting into a better shape, and that you feel stronger”可推知，此处指健身有很多好处，如果坚持锻炼，就会爱上健身。故选D项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.improves B．happens C．finishes D．exists 答案：B 根据上文“If you 13 going to the gym and exercising, you will start to 14 it.”以及下文“when you see...you feel stronger”可推知，本句中的“This”指代的是上文的“start to like it (开始喜欢它)”，此处指当看到自己变得越来越好时，就会出现喜欢上健身的感觉。故选B项。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 $$