U8 Period 4 Lesson 3 20，000 Leagues Under the Sea-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（北师大版）

选择性必修第三册 UNIT 8　LITERATURE Period 4　Lesson 3　20，000 Leagues Under the Sea— Reading Comprehension 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 课时作业 巩固提升 Part 1　教材原文助读   20，000 Leagues① Under the Sea Fact File Jules Verne (1828-1905), a French novelist, was called the “Father of Science Fiction”. He wrote a widely popular series of② science fictions, including Journey to the Centre of the Earth (1864), 20，000 Leagues Under the Sea (1870), and Around the World in Eighty Days (1873). ①league /liːɡ/n. 里格(旧时长度单位，约5，000米)；体育运动联合会，联赛；联盟，同盟 ②a series of 一系列 海底两万里 事实档案： 儒勒·凡尔纳(1828-1905)，法国小说家，被誉为“科幻小说之父”。他写了一系列广受欢迎的科幻小说，包括《地心历险记》(1864年)、《海底两万里》(1870年)和《八十天环游地球》(1873年)。 The crash was so violent③ that I have no clear recollection④ of falling from the boat. Might I hope to be saved? The darkness was intense. I saw a black mass disappearing in the east. It was the boat! I was lost. 句中so...that...引导结果状语从句。 see sb.doing sth.表示“看见某人正在做某事”，disappearing为现在分词作宾语补足语。 ③violent /'vaIələnt/adj. 强烈的；暴力的，强暴的 ④recollection /ˌrekə'lekʃən/n. 想起，记起 撞击实在是太猛烈了，我不清楚自己是怎么从船上摔下来的。我会被救起吗？夜色沉黑，我看到一大块黑东西在东方渐渐消失了。那是船！我被丢下了。 “Help, help！” I shouted, swimming towards the boat in desperation⑤. I was sinking⑥！ I couldn't breathe! “Help！” My mouth filled with water; I struggled against⑦ being drawn deeper, deeper down. Suddenly I felt myself quickly drawn up to the surface of the sea； and I heard these words: “If master would be so good as to hold onto⑧ my shoulder, master would swim with much greater ease⑨.” I grabbed⑩ my faithful Conseil's arm with one hand. swimming...in desperation为现在分词短语作伴随状语。 feel＋宾语＋宾语补足语。 ⑤desperation/ˌdespə'reIʃən/n. 绝望；拼命，不顾一切 in desperation 绝望地 ⑥sink/sIk/vi.& vt.下沉，沉没 ⑦struggle against/with 与……抗争 ⑧hold onto紧紧抓住 ⑨ease /iːz/n. 轻易，毫不费劲 with ease 轻松地 ⑩grab/ɡræb/vt. 攫取，抓住 “救命啊，救命啊！”我大喊着，绝望地朝船游去。我要沉下去了！我透不过气了！“救命啊！”海水灌进我的嘴里，我挣扎着不被淹没。突然，我感到自己被迅速拉出水面；我听见有人说：“如果主人能抓牢我的肩膀，主人会游得轻松很多。”我用一只手抓住忠仆康塞尔的胳膊。 “Is it you？” said I. “Myself，” answered Conseil. “That crash threw you as well as⑪ me into the sea？” “No; but, being in my master's service, I followed him.” ⑪as well as和……一样 “是你吗？”我问。 “正是我，”康塞尔回答。 “你也是因为刚才的撞击掉入海里的吗？” “不是。为了服侍先生，我就跟着下来了。” Conseil was cool and calm. Nevertheless⑫， our situation was no less terrible. Near one o'clock in the morning, I suddenly felt terribly tired. Conseil had to keep me up, and our preservation⑬ depended on⑭ him alone. “Leave me! Leave me！” I said to him. “Never！” replied he. “I would drown⑮ first.” ⑫nevertheless/ˌnevəðə'les/adv. 然而，不过；尽管如此 ⑬preservation/ˌprezə'veIʃən/n. 维护；保护；保持，维持；保存 ⑭depend on 依靠，依赖 ⑮drown/draʊn/vi.& vt. (使)淹死，(使)溺毙 康塞尔很冷静。不过，我们的处境仍旧很糟糕。将近凌晨一点，我突然感到极度疲惫。康塞尔不得不托着我，保全我们两个人生命的重担全落在他一人身上。“放开我吧！别管我了！”我对他说。 “不行！要沉下去也是我先沉。”他答道。 “Help! Help！” cried Conseil. It seemed to me as if a cry answered him. There was no mistake! A human voice responded to⑯ ours! Then, I know not why, the thought of the strange, terrible animal came into my head for the first time⑰！ But that voice! I had almost no strength left; my fingers could hardly move; my mouth, opening and closing, filled with salt water. I became colder and colder. I raised my head for the last time, then I sank. It seemed to sb.as if...对某人来说似乎…… ⑯respond to 回应 ⑰for the first time 第一次 “救命啊！救命啊！”康塞尔喊道。我似乎听到有人回应他。没错！是有个人在回应！然后，不知道为什么我第一次想到那个奇怪的、可怕的动物！可是那人声不假！我的力气已经消耗殆尽，手指变得僵硬；我的嘴一张一合，灌满了又咸又苦的海水，我越来越冷。我最后一次抬起头来，之后便沉了下去。 At this moment a hard body struck⑱ me. I held onto it; then I felt that I was being drawn up, that I was brought to the surface of the water, that my chest⑲ collapsed—my eyes closed, unconscious⑳. I soon woke up㉑， and half opened my eyes. I saw a face which I immediately recognised. “Ned！” I cried. ⑱strike /straIk/vi.& vt. 打，击，撞；突然发生不幸；n.罢工；打击 ⑲chest /tʃest/n. 胸部，胸膛 ⑳unconscious /ʌn'kɒnʃəs/adj. 不省人事的，失去知觉的 ㉑wake up 唤醒 就在这时，一个坚硬的东西撞了我一下。我紧紧地抓住了它；接着，我觉得有人往上拉我，把我拉出了水面，我的胸部不胀了——眼睛紧闭，失去了知觉。我很快就苏醒过来，半睁开眼睛，看到一张面孔立马就认了出来。“尼德！”我喊道。 “The same, sir！” replied the Canadian. “Were you thrown into the sea when the boat crashed？” “Yes, Professor, but more fortunate than you, I was able to find safety almost immediately upon this island in the sea. Or, more correctly speaking, on this large whale㉒. Only I soon found out why my weapon㉓ had not entered its skin, but bounced㉔ off.” ㉒whale /weIl/n. 鲸 ㉓weapon /'wepən/n. 武器，兵器；凶器 ㉔bounce /baʊns/vi.& vt. (使)弹起，(使)反弹 “正是我，先生！”这个加拿大人答道。 “你也是撞击时坠入海里的吗？” “是的，教授，但情形比您好一些，我落水后不久就脱险了，遇到了海里的这个小岛。或者更准确地说，是在这条大鲸鱼身上。不过，我很快就明白了，为什么武器刺不穿它的皮肤，而是被弹开。” “Why, Ned, why？” “Because that creature is made of steel㉕.” I moved myself quickly to the top of the being㉖， and kicked it. It was evidently㉗ a hard, solid㉘ body. The black back that supported me was smooth, polished㉙， nothing like an animal. The blow produced a sound of metal; and, incredible though it may be, it seemed as if it was made of metal plates. This monster was a human construction㉚. We were lying upon the back of a sort of underwater boat. I searched all over the outside for an opening, a hole, but found nothing. At last this long night passed. Daybreak㉛ appeared. Suddenly a noise came from inside the boat. One iron plate was moved, a man appeared, uttered㉜ an odd cry, and disappeared immediately. Some moments after, eight strong men, their faces covered, appeared noiselessly, and drew us down into their incredible machine. 此句中though引导让步状语从句。 ㉕steel /stiːl/n. 钢，钢铁 ㉖being /'biːI/n. 生物(尤指人)；诞生；出现；存在 ㉗evidently /'evədəntli/adv. 明显地，显然 ㉘solid /'sɒlId/adj. 固体的；坚硬的 ㉙polished /'pɒlIʃt/adj. 擦亮的，磨光的；精湛的；精致的 ㉚construction /kən'strʌkʃən/n. 建筑物；建造物；建造，建筑 ㉛daybreak /'deIbreIk/n. 黎明，破晓 ㉜utter /'ʌtə/vt. (尤指吃力地)发出(声音) “为什么呢，尼德，究竟是为什么呢？” “因为这个生物是钢铁做的。”我迅速地爬到了它的上面，踢了一脚。显然，这是一个坚硬、结实的物体。支撑着我的黑色的背脊光滑锃亮，一点也不像动物。撞击时，这东西发出金属的声音；虽然听起来不可思议，但它似乎就像用铁板做成的。这个怪物是人造的。我们正躺在一只潜水船的背上。我四处查找，试图找到开口、气孔，但什么也没有。终于，漫漫长夜过去了，天亮了。突然船内传来一阵响声，一块钢板被掀了起来，出来一个人。发出一声奇怪的叫声，立刻就消失不见了。过了一会儿，八个壮汉蒙着脸，一声不响地出现了，把我们拖进了他们那不可思议的机器里。 Part 2　语篇研析 1．Read the text to find out the basic information. Who: ________________________________，and ____________ aboard the strange underwater boat When：in the ____________ Where：in the ____________ What：I fell __________ and met __________________________． I (the professor)，Conseil，Ned people night sea into the sea a strange underwater boat 2．What's the main idea of the text? A．The writer fell into the sea with Conseil and Ned. B．The writer was taken onto a strange boat. C．The writer went through a series of adventures in the sea at night. D．The writer explored the underwater boat. 答案：C 1．What made them fall into the water? A．A whirlpool.　　　 B．The violent wind. C．Their carelessness. D．A crash. 答案：D 2．Why was Conseil in the sea? A．He was thrown into the sea when the boat crashed. B．He jumped into the sea to save “me”． C．He wanted to see the strange animal closely. D．He liked struggling with waves. 答案：B 3．How many people were aboard the strange boat EXCEPT “me”？ A．2. B．3. C．8. D．At least 10. 答案：D 4．According to what Ned said, what is the creature? A．It is an animal. B．It is made of steel. C．It is a hard, liquid body. D．It is made of metal plates. 答案：B 5．According to the text, 20，000 Leagues Under the Sea is ． A．a science report B．a fairy tale C．science fiction D．a love story C The crash was so violent that I have no clear recollection of falling from the boat. I only saw our ship 1.____________ (disappear) in the east. I swam towards the boat 2.______ desperation. I struggled against 3.____________ (draw) deeper down. Suddenly I was conscious of being drawn up to the surface of the sea. I grabbed my 4._________ (faith) companion, Conseil. Soon I felt so tired 5.______ our preservation depended on Conseil alone. I asked Conseil 6._________ (leave) me and then I heard a human voice. But I was disappearing in being drawn faithful that to leave too exhausted to move any more. I was unconscious and woke up soon, and then I found our another fellow, Ned. He was on a large whale and was saved. I moved myself 7.____________ (quick) to the top of the being and kicked it. Incredible 8.___________ it may be, it seemed as if it was made of metal plates. Finally we were lying upon the back of a sort of underwater boat. I searched everywhere for an opening, a hole, but nothing 9.____________ (find). At last this long night passed. Daybreak appeared. Suddenly a noise came from inside the boat. A man appeared, 10.____________ (utter) an odd cry, and quickly though was found uttered disappeared. Some moments later, eight strong men, their faces covered, appeared noiselessly, and drew us down into their incredible machine. 1．The crash was so violent that I have no clear recollection of falling from the boat. [句式分析]　此句是复合句，其中so...that...引导__________从句。 [自主翻译]　 ___________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 结果状语 撞击实在是太猛烈了，我不清楚自己是怎么从船上摔下来的。 2．If master would be so good as to hold onto my shoulder，master would swim with much greater ease. [句式分析]　此句是复合句，是由if 引导的 ____________从句。 [自主翻译]　 ___________________________________________ 条件状语 如果主人能抓牢我的肩膀，主人会游得轻松很多。 3．...then I felt that I was being drawn up，that I was brought to the surface of the water，that my chest collapsed—my eyes closed，unconscious. [句式分析]　本句是复合句，I felt 是主句，后面是三个由that 引导的并列的_____________从句。 [自主翻译]　 ___________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 宾语 ……接着，我觉得有人往上拉我，把我拉出了水面，我的胸部不胀了——眼睛紧闭，失去了知觉。 4．...incredible though it may be，it seemed as if it was made of metal plates. [句式分析]　本句是复合句。主句是 it seemed...，其中包含一个由as if 引导的__________从句。主句前的部分是一个__________从句，incredible为表语提前，是一个________倒装句。 [自主翻译]　 ___________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 表语 让步状语 部分 ……虽然听起来不可思议，但它似乎就像用 铁板做成的。 5．Some moments after，eight strong men，their faces covered，appeared noiselessly，and drew us down into their incredible machine. [句式分析]　本句是简单句，主语是 __________________，谓语动词是 ____________ 和 __________，their faces covered 是 __________结构作状语。 [自主翻译]　 ___________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ eight strong men appeared drew 独立主格 过了一会儿，八个壮汉蒙着脸，一声不响地出现了，把我们拖进了他们那不可思议的机器里。 课时作业 巩固提升 阅读理解 A Norwegian playwright and author Jon Fosse has been awarded the 2023 Nobel prize in Literature for his “innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable”． The Swedish Academy credits Fosse as “one of the most widely performed playwrights in the world”．He has since written many works of prose and poetry.“His literary works, spanning a variety of genres (体裁), consist of about 40 plays and a wealth of novels, poetry collections, essays, children's books and translations，” said Anders Olsson, chairman of the Nobel committee for Literature. Jon Fosse draws inspiration from his rural living environment and personal struggles, which have deeply influenced his distinctive writing style.Growing up in a small coastal village, Fosse was lost in the beauty of nature and the vastness of the sea, which filled him with a sense of solitude and introspection (内省) that is reflected in his works.Fosse's writing discussed themes of loneliness, longing, and the search for meaning in life.Additionally, his battles with depression have enabled him to explore the depths of human emotions and existential despair. “He touches you so deeply when you read his works，” said Anders Olsson.“What is special about him is the closeness in his writing.It touches your deepest feelings—anxieties，insecurities, questions of life and death—which are things that every human being actually faces from the very beginning.In that sense I think he reaches very far and there is a sort of a universal impact of everything that he writes—it has appeal to this basic humanity.” Fosse is the first-ever winner of the award writing in Nynorsk, one of the two official languages of Norwegian, but only used by just 10% of the population.As The Guardian writes, “Many Nynorsk speakers see Fosse as ‘a kind of national hero’ for his championing of the language.” Fosse's recognition on a global stage contributes to the visibility of Nynorsk as a written standard.It will attract more attention to Nynorsk literature, inspire and encourage Nynorsk speakers to continue preserving and highlighting their linguistic (语言的) heritage. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了挪威剧作家兼作家Jon Fosse因其“为无法言说的事物发声的创新戏剧和散文”而获得2023年诺贝尔文学奖，并且他在各种体裁的文学作品中都有所建树。 2 3 1 4 1．What can best describe Jon Fosse's writing life? A．Productive.　　　 B．Historical. C．Unrecognized. D．Unfulfilling. 答案：A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“‘His literary works, spanning a variety of genres, consist of about 40 plays and a wealth of novels, poetry collections, essays, children's books and translations，’ said Anders Olsson, chairman of the Nobel committee for Literature.”可推知，Jon Fosse的写作生涯很多产。故选A。 2 3 1 4 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Fosse's education background. B．Fosse's growing environment. C．Main reasons for Fosse's writing style. D．Reflection on Fosse's personal struggles. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 段落大意题。根据第三段中的“Jon Fosse draws inspiration from his rural living environment and personal struggles, which have deeply influenced his distinctive writing style.”等内容可知，该段主要介绍了Jon Fosse的生活对其写作风格的影响。故选C。 2 3 1 4 3．What is special about Fosse's works according to Anders Olsson? A．They explore the meaning of rural life. B．They appeal to young people especially. C．They access the core of human emotions. D．They show bond between human and nature. 答案：C 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“What is special about him is the closeness in his writing.It touches your deepest feelings—anxieties, insecurities, questions of life and death—which are things that every human being actually faces from the very beginning.”可知，Jon Fosse的作品的特别之处在于其触及了人类内心最深处的情感。故选C。 2 3 1 4 4．Why is Fosse viewed as “a kind of national hero”？ A．He resets writing standards of Nynorsk. B．He inspires the preservation of Nynorsk. C．He promotes interaction across cultures. D．He champions Nynorsk as a global language. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“As The Guardian writes...It will attract more attention to Nynorsk literature, inspire and encourage Nynorsk speakers to continue preserving and highlighting their linguistic heritage.”可知，Fosse被视为“某种民族英雄”是因为他激发了对尼诺斯克语的保护。故选B。 2 3 1 4 B Why would anyone want to write a poem? One reason to write a poem is to dig from yourself some thought, feeling, comprehension or question that you didn't know was in you, or in the world.Other forms of writing, such as scientific papers, political analysis and journalism, attempt to record something known.Poetry is a release of something previously unknown. Poetry opens our eyes and offers increase of reach.We live so often on a lonely island, separated from ourselves and others due to social or personal reasons.To step into a poem is to agree to risk.Writing takes down all protections to see what steps forward.Poetry is a trick of language, in which the writer is both magician and audience.You reach your hand into the hat and surprise yourself with a rabbit or memory, with unusual verbs or rhymes.Poems lead to revolutions of being.Whatever the old order was, a poem will change it. What we want from art is whatever is missing from the lives we are living and making.Something is always missing, and so art-making is endless. There is also the matter of connection.You can't write an image, a metaphor (暗喻), a story, a phrase without approaching the shared world, without recognizing that your supposed solitude (独处) is at every point touching some others.You can't read a good poem without recognizing your own face in the poet's experience.It allows us to feel more strongly and accurately what is already present.Then it expands that and expands us. Does art change anything by its existence or non-existence? I'd argue that art, if it is genuine art, is a force for the good.That the rearrangement of words can reopen the potential of both inner and outer worlds—I cannot say why I feel this to be true, except that I feel it so when I read good poems. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了有人想要写诗的原因。 5 6 7 8 5．How does the writer introduce the topic? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving examples. C．By quoting a saying. D．By making a comparison. 答案：D 推理判断题。通读全文可知，第一段中的“One reason to write a poem is to dig from yourself some thought, feeling, comprehension or question that you didn't know was in you, or in the world.”引出了主题。接下来“Other forms of writing, such as...Poetry is a release of something previously unknown.”通过将其他写作形式和诗歌进行比较，从而对上文写诗的原因进行具体阐述，由此可推测出，作者通过比较的方式来介绍本文主题。故选D。 5 6 7 8 6．What is the similarity between poetry and magic? A．They bring surprises. B．They follow traditions. C．They change the world. D．They are arts of language. 答案：A 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Poetry is a trick of language, in which the writer is both magician and audience.You reach your hand into the hat and surprise yourself with a rabbit or memory, with unusual verbs or rhymes.”可知，写诗的人和魔术师很像，魔术师把手伸进帽子里变出兔子，而写诗的人用记忆、不同寻常的动词或押韵创造出新的东西，二者都可以带来惊喜。故选A。 5 6 7 8 7．What can a good poem do according to the text? A．Criticize social reality. B．Apply new expressions. C．Bridge poets and readers. D．Remind readers of the past. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“There is also the matter of connection.”和“You can't read a good poem without recognizing your own face in the poet's experience.”可知，诗会创造出联系，读好诗的时候你会体验到作者的经历，由此可推测出，一首好诗会给诗人和读者创造桥梁，将诗人和读者联系起来。故选C。 5 6 7 8 8．What is the author's attitude towards art? A．Objective. B．Favorable. C．Unclear. D．Doubtful. 答案：B 5 6 7 8 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Does art change anything by its existence or non-existence? I'd argue that art, if it is genuine art, is a force for the good.”可知，在提到艺术的作用时，作者认为真正的艺术是一种向善的力量，由此可推测出，作者对艺术持肯定态度。故选B。 5 6 7 8 $$