U7 Period 6 (2)：Word Building(构词法)-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第三册同步导学案配套PPT课件（北师大版）

必修第三册 UNIT 7　ART Period 6　Focus on Language 单元语法(2)：Word Building(构词法) 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 课时作业 巩固提升 课堂检测 素养达标 核心语法 专项突破 核心语法 专项突破 [语法体会] ①Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. ②There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become involved, including workshops and events. ③By delaying the development of mental and physical functioning problems，people can still be engaged in society in their senior years. ④Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real. 自我探究： 以上句子中分别含有①____________构成名词；②____________构成形容词；③______________构成名词；④______________构成副词。 形容词＋-ity 动词＋-ive 动词＋-ment 形容词＋-ly [知识精要] 英语中，单词的构成方法主要有三种：合成、派生和转化。合成法是指由两个或两个以上的词合成一个词。派生法是由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。转化法是指单词的一种词性用作另一种词性。 一、构词法的分类 1．派生：即把词根加上前缀或后缀，得出一个新的单词。 rich adj.富有的→enrich v．丰富 home n．家→homeless adj.无家可归的 2．转化：即同一单词具有多种词性。 back n．背→back v．支持 slow adj.慢的→slow v．减慢 You can use the water in the ditch to water the flowers.你可以用沟里的水浇花。 3．合成：即由两个单词合成一个单词。 blackboard n．黑板 hand-made adj.手工制作的 二、常见派生词缀 1．名词后缀 (1)动词＋-ion/-tion/-sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程) correct v．改正；纠正→correction n．改正 celebrate v．庆祝→celebration n．庆祝；庆祝会 conclude v．推断；结束→conclusion n．结论；结束 (2)动词＋-er/-or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人) drive v．驾驶；驱赶→driver n．司机；驾驶员 gather v．聚集；采集→gatherer n．收集者；采集者 conduct v．指挥；管理→conductor n．指挥；售票员 (3)动词＋-ment→名词 punish v．惩罚→punishment n．惩罚 (4)动词/形容词＋-th→名词 warm adj.温暖的→warmth n．温暖 grow v．生长 →growth n．生长 (5)形容词＋-y→名词 difficult adj.困难的→difficulty n．困难 honest adj.诚实的→honesty n．诚实 (6)形容词＋-ness→名词 kind adj.善良的→kindness n．善良 (7)动词＋-ance→名词 annoy vt.使烦恼→annoyance n．生气；烦恼 (8)-ship结尾的名词(表示身份；关系；资格) member n．成员，会员→membership n．会员资格 professor n．教授→professorship n．教授身份 (9)-ing结尾的名词 garden n．花园→gardening n．园艺 greet v．打招呼；问候→greetings n．问候 2．形容词、副词后缀 (1)常见形容词后缀 ①名词＋-al→形容词(表示“有……属性”，“与……有关”) agriculture n．农业→agricultural adj.农业的 ②动词＋-ive→形容词 act v．行动；做事→active adj.活跃的 ③动词＋-able→形容词(表示“能够”“适于”“值得”) change v．变化；兑换→changeable adj.易变的；变化无常的 ④名词＋-ful→形容词 care n．小心；关心→careful adj.小心的；仔细的 ⑤名词＋-less→形容词(意思与原名词相反) care n．小心；关心 →careless adj.粗心的 ⑥名词＋-ly→形容词 friend n．朋友→friendly adj.友好的 ⑦名词＋-y→形容词 dirt n．污物；尘土→dirty adj.脏的 ⑧名词＋-ous→形容词 danger n．危险→dangerous adj.危险的 (2)副词后缀 形容词＋-ly→副词 careful adj.仔细的→carefully adv.仔细地 (3)复合形容词的构成 ①形容词＋-ing 分词 easy-going随和的 ②形容词＋名词＋-ed kind-hearted善良的；好心的 ③名词＋-ed分词 water-covered被水覆盖的 ④副词＋-ed分词 well-written写得好的 ⑤数词＋名词＋-ed three-legged三条腿的 3．动词词缀 (1)前缀-en＋形容词→动词 large adj.大的→enlarge v．变大；增大；扩大 (2)形容词＋-en→动词 short adj.短的→shorten v．缩短 wide adj.宽的→widen v．加宽 (3)-fy结尾的动词 simplify v．简化 classify v．归类 (4)-ize结尾的动词 realize v．认识到 popularize v．普及 4．否定词缀 (1)表示否定意义的前缀 ①un-不，非 unable不能够 unlucky 不幸的 ②dis-不，非 dishonest 不诚实的 discontinuous 不连贯的 ③in-不，非 inactive不活跃的 incorrect 不正确的 ④im-不，非 impatient不耐烦的 impossible 不可能的 ⑤ir-不，非 irregular不规则的 irresponsible 不负责任的 ⑥il-不，非 illogical不合逻辑的 illegal非法的 ⑦non-不，非 non-existent不存在的 non-stop直达的；连续不断的 ⑧mis-错误 mislead误导 misunderstand误解 ⑨dis-＋动词(意义相反) dislike不喜欢 disagree不同意 ⑩un-＋动词(意义相反) uncover揭开 undress脱衣服 (2)表示否定意义的后缀 名词＋-less→否定意义的形容词 use n．用处→useless adj.无用的 hope n．希望→hopeless没有希望的；绝望的 课堂检测 素养达标 用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1．Jack came home with a ______ (blood) nose. 2．If you describe someone as ________ (charm), you mean they behave in a friendly and pleasant way that makes people like them. 3．Lie down on your bed and make yourself ___________ (comfort). 4．They are going to take ______ (act) steps to protect the wild animals. 5．The prisoners who escaped are violent and _________ (danger). bloody charming comfortable active dangerous 6．This kind of paper is the ______ (week) newspaper because it is published once a week. And it costs you much less than that one. 7．If you want to sell your old sofa, why not put an _____________ (advertise) in the local paper? 8．On the _________ (twenty)of February we went to have a picnic in the park. 9．_______ (short) this report to 2, 000 words because it is too long. 10．Only in this way can I ________ (simple) my task. weekly advertisement twentieth Shorten simplify 课时作业 巩固提升 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for____ seemed like hours. 2．It is uncertain _____ team will win in the final contest. 3．____ is strange is that she always wears sunglasses indoors, even at night. 4．Bob had seen the film before. That was _____ he did not see it yesterday. what which What why 5．It is believed that _______ breaks the law will be punished and pay the price. 6．My _________ (curious) was aroused by a mysterious letter addressed to my sister. 7．Would one more person make any __________ (differ) to the arrangements? 8．The apartment is clean and well-located, but best of all, it’s __________ (afford). whoever curiosity difference affordable Ⅱ.单句写作 1．最让我激动的是，我被一所著名的大学录取了。 __________________________________________________________ 2．我想知道你是否方便和我一起去参观展览。 __________________________________________________________ What excited me most was that I was admitted into a famous university. I wonder if it is convenient for you to join me in visiting the exhibition. 3．你会发现不同的文化实际上有很多共同之处。 __________________________________________________________ 4．我仍很困惑他们为什么要做那件事。 _________________________________________________________ You’ll find that different cultures actually have a lot in common. I’m still confused why they must do that thing. 5．让我松了一口气的是，这场英语考试终于结束了。不管分数是高是低，重要的是我完成啦！ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ To my relief, the English exam was finally over.Whether the score is high or low, the important thing is that I finished! Ⅲ.完形填空 When I was a little girl, I had some extra classes in my spare time.I went to a(n) 1 school every Saturday morning.One day, Billie Holiday’s records 2 me on my way to school.I was 3 by her voice and the mood.I thought it was the most 4 voice I had ever heard.I stood silently there, listening to her songs. I 5 her wonderful songs.My favorite song was her I Cover the Water front—a 6 song about watching and waiting for a love that’s gone.That year my father became very ill.After he passed away, I often listened to the old records alone at night. My family members buried the sadness of 7 in music.My mother took me and my sister to Europe to study with famous 8 ．After I had spent ten years living and studying there, I 9 back to the United States.I made my way through the 10 scene of the New York music world because it had changed a lot.I was starting over again, and it was 11 ．There were moments of disappointment and defeat.As Billie sang in her song “Beautiful to take a 12 ”， I found the new courage, then got some chances and had some surprising 13 —winning a competition and a recording agreement. Over the years, I have understood a lesson that I’ve learned from Billie’s records.The magic in making music is to 14 about all the improper rules you ever learned, to think about your heartaches and joys, and to make something new that’s 15 your own. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文，作者回忆了自己从小对音乐的热爱，以及在音乐道路上经历的挑战和成长。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1．A.musical　　　　　　　 B．European C．legal D．African 答案：A 解析：句意：每个星期六早上，我都会去一所音乐学校。musical“音乐的”；European“欧洲的”；legal“合法的”；African“非洲的”。根据下文“My favorite song was her I Cover the Water front”可知，作者喜欢音乐，因此她去的是一所音乐学校。故选A。 2．A.scared B．stopped C．guided D．bored 答案：B 解析：句意：有一天，Billie Holiday的唱片让我在去学校的路上停了下来。scare“使害怕”；stop“停止”；guide“指导”；bore“使厌烦”。根据下文“by her voice and the mood”可知，Billie Holiday的唱片吸引了作者。故选B。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 3．A.amazed B．damaged C．separated D．cheated 答案：A 解析：句意：我被她的声音和情绪惊呆了。根据下文“I stood silently there, listening to her songs.”可知，作者被Billie Holiday的声音所吸引，感到惊奇。故选A。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 4．A.strange B．harmful C．crazy D．charming 答案：D 解析：句意：我认为这是我听过的最迷人的声音。charming“迷人的”。根据下文her wonderful songs可知，Billie Holiday的歌声很迷人。故选D。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 5．A.broke away from B．came up with C．fell in love with D．played a joke on 答案：C 解析：句意：我爱上了她美妙的歌曲。break away from“脱离”；come up with“提出”；fall in love with“爱上”；play a joke on“开玩笑”。根据下文“My favorite song was her I Cover the Water front”可知，作者爱上了Billie Holiday的歌曲。故选C。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 6．A.touching B．funny C．religious D．happy 答案：A 解析：句意：我最喜欢的歌曲是她的《I Cover the Water front》——一首关于守望和等待已逝爱情的感人歌曲。根据下文“That year my father became very ill.After he passed away, I often listened to the old records alone at night.”可知，这首歌是关于守望和等待已逝爱情的，因此是感人的。故选A。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 7．A.failure B．loss C．origin D．doubt 答案：B 解析：句意：我的家人把失去亲人的悲伤埋藏在音乐中。failure“失败”；loss“损失，失去”；origin“起源”；doubt“怀疑”。根据上文“That year my father became very ill.After he passed away, I often listened to the old records alone at night.”可知，作者的家人用音乐来埋葬失去亲人的悲伤。故选B。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 8．A.writers B．poets C．artists D．dancers 答案：C 解析：句意：我妈妈带着我和妹妹去欧洲向著名艺术家学习。根据下文“After I had spent ten years living and studying there”可知，作者的妈妈带着她和妹妹去欧洲向著名艺术家学习音乐。故选C。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9．A.walked B．reacted C．moved D．announced 答案：C 解析：句意：我在那里生活和学习十年后，搬回了美国。walk“走”；react“反应”；move“移动，搬家”；announce“宣布”。根据下文back to the United States可知，作者在欧洲生活和学习十年后，搬回了美国。故选C。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10．A.same B．unfamiliar C．terrible D．disappointing 答案：B 解析：句意：我踏入了纽约音乐世界的陌生领域，因为它已经发生了很大的变化。根据下文“because it had changed a lot”可知，纽约的音乐世界发生了很大的变化，可推理出作者回到了一个不熟悉的音乐世界。故选B。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 11．A.hard B．flexible C．relaxing D．simple 答案：A 解析：句意：我又重新开始，这很困难。根据下文“There were moments of disappointment and defeat.”可知，作者重新开始的过程是困难的。故选A。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 12．A.train B．seat C．break D．chance 答案：D 解析：句意：正如Billie在她的歌中唱到的“美丽的机会”，我找到了新的勇气，然后得到了一些机会，并有了一些令人惊讶的好运——赢得了一场比赛和一份录音协议。根据下文“then got some chances”可知，此处指冒险，chance为原词复现。故选D。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13．A.luck B．interest C．theory D．income 答案：A 解析：句意：同上题。theory“理论”；income“收入”。根据下文“winning a competition and a recording agreement”可知，作者有一些惊人的好运，赢得了比赛和一份录音协议。故选A。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14．A.discuss B．bring C．complain D．forget 答案：D 解析：句意：制作音乐的魔力就是忘记所有你学过的不恰当的规则，思考你的心痛和快乐，创造一些全新的、完全属于你自己的东西。discuss“讨论”；bring“带来”；complain“抱怨”；forget“忘记”。根据下文“to think about your heartaches and joys, and to make something new that’s 15 your own”可知，制作音乐的魔力就是忘记所有不恰当的规则。故选D。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15．A.foolishly B．completely C．hardly D．quickly 答案：B 解析：句意：同上题。foolishly“愚蠢地”；completely“完全地”；hardly“几乎不”；quickly“快速地”。根据上文“to make something new”可知，作者要创造一些全新的、完全属于自己的东西。故选B。 2 3 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ⅳ.语法填空 [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了巴西音乐的作用、意义和形成，音乐是巴西文化的重要组成部分。 Music is one of the first things you think of when someone mentions Brazil.It is everywhere, 1.____________ (range) from the bars, restaurants, beaches to businesses, homes and even the mountains. Brazilian music is a 2.____________ (tradition) way of keeping many of the significant historical moments alive, as well as 3.____________ amazing way of passing traditions down through the generations. 1．答案：ranging 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它无处不在，从酒吧、餐馆、海滩到企业、家庭甚至山上。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作定语，修饰everywhere，因为range和everywhere之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填ranging。 2．答案：traditional 解析：考查词性转换。句意：巴西音乐是一种保持许多重要历史时刻鲜活的传统方式，也是一种将传统代代相传的惊人方式。根据空格后的名词way可知，此处用提示词的形容词形式traditional作定语，修饰名词way。故填traditional。 3．答案：an 解析：考查冠词。句意：同上。分析句意可知，此处用不定冠词表泛指，又因为amazing是元音音素开头，所以用an。故填an。 Nearly all 4.____________ (ceremony) focus on music.It is always a part of festivals.It 5.____________ (use) to reflect the heat of the people and often tells a story or shows important events.The words tell the history and soul of the people, expressing the desire 6.____________ freedom and love.Some even mention those things determining survival such as food, water and weather. 4．答案：ceremonies 解析：考查名词的单复数。句意：几乎所有的仪式都以音乐为主。分析句式结构可知，此处用名词作主语，再根据空格前的all可知，应该用名词的复数形式。故填ceremonies。 5．答案：is used 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：它被用来反映人们的热情，经常讲述一个故事或呈现重要事件。根据上文的it is可知，本句的时态为一般现在时，又因为use和it之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，且主语为单数。故填is used。 6．答案：for 解析：考查介词。句意：这些文字讲述了人类的历史和灵魂，表达了对自由和爱的渴望。分析句意再根据空格前的desire可知，此处用介词for构成固定搭配desire for，表示“对……的渴望”。故填for。 Bringing together the styles of many different backgrounds, Brazil has created unique music 7.____________ (recognize) worldwide.The African influence is easily seen in the Brazilian drum music called Sambass, 8.____________ is a mixture of bass music and various drumbeats. The folk music of the native people is mixed with a more modern sound 9.____________ (create) Brazilian pop music. Music is 10.____________ (certain) an essential part of the Brazilian culture. 7．答案：recognized 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：汇集了许多不同背景的风格，巴西创造了世界公认的独特音乐。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作后置定语，又因为recognize和music之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填recognized。 8．答案：which 解析：考查定语从句。句意：在巴西的桑贝斯鼓乐中很容易看到非洲的影响，它是贝斯音乐和各种鼓点的混合。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是物，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which来引导。故填which。 9．答案：to create 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当地人的民间音乐与更现代的声音混合在一起，创造了巴西流行音乐。分析句式结构可知，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to create。 10．答案：certainly 解析：考查词性转换。句意：音乐无疑是巴西文化的重要组成部分。分析句式结构可知，此处用提示词的副词形式certainly作状语，表示“无疑、当然”。故填certainly。 $$