U4 Period 2 Lesson 1 Avatars—Reading Comprehension-【优化探究】2025-2026学年新教材高中英语必修第二册同步导学案配套PPT课件（北师大版）

必修第二册 UNIT 4 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Period 2　Lesson 1　Avatars—Reading Comprehension 内容索引 NEIRONGSUOYIN 课时作业 巩固提升 Part 1　教材原文助读   Avatars When you are online①，you can be anyone or anything.You can create② your own image③ and a new personality④.These digital⑤ identities⑥，known as avatars⑦，are a key⑧ part of how people use the Internet to communicate and express⑨ themselves. 本句中的(be) known as意为“被称为”。known as avatars是过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句which are known as avatars，修饰identities；how引导介词of后的宾语从句。 ①online adj.在线的 ②create vt.创造；创建 ③image /'ImIdʒ/n.图像；形象 ④personality /ˌpɜːsə'næləti/n.个性，性格 ⑤digital adj.数字式的；数码的 ⑥identity /aI'dentəti/n.身份；特征 ⑦avatar /'ævətɑː/n.(网络上代表个人的)头像，虚拟替身，图标 ⑧key adj.关键的 ⑨express vt.表达；表示 虚拟形象 当你在线时，你可以成为任何人或任何事物。你可以创造自己的形象和新的个性。这些数字身份，被称作虚拟形象，是人们利用互联网进行交流和表达自己的关键部分。 The first simple 2D⑩ avatars appeared⑪ in role-playing⑫ computer games in the 1980s.Yet，very few people knew that future avatars would have such a wide variety⑬ of forms and uses.By the late 1990s，they had been used in web chats. ⑩2D (2-dimensional) adj.二维的 ⑪appear v．出现 ⑫role-playing n．角色扮演 ⑬variety /və'raIəti/n.多样化，变化 第一个简单的二维虚拟形象出现在20世纪80年代有角色扮演的电脑游戏中。然而，几乎没人想到，虚拟形象在未来居然有如此多样的形式和如此广泛的应用。到20世纪90年代后期，它们已经被用于网络聊天中。 When people started creating their own avatars，they discovered that they were going to have the power⑭ to create new identities that did not look or act like their real selves⑮ at all. They could dress their avatars in fancy⑯ clothes，or they could try being someone of the opposite sex⑰，and call themselves “Andy” instead of⑱ “Anna”！ When Internet users realised that their avatars would be seen by many people，not just their friends，they started having more than one avatar: a sensible⑲ one for work；a friendly，good-looking⑳ one for meeting people；and a silly㉑ one for having fun.Avatars let you express yourself and give you lots of room㉒ for creativity㉓. when...own avatars是时间状语从句；that they...at all是宾语从句，作discovered的宾语；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰identities。 ⑭power n．能力；权力；实力 ⑮self n．自己；自我 ⑯fancy /'fænsi/adj.花哨的；别致的 ⑰sex /seks/n.性别 ⑱instead of代替；作为……的替换 ⑲sensible /'sensəbl/adj.朴素实用的；明智的，合理的 ⑳good-looking adj.好看的 ㉑silly adj.愚蠢的；没头脑的 ㉒room n．空间 ㉓creativity /ˌkriːeI'tIvəti/n.创造力；独创性 当人们开始创设自己的虚拟形象时，他们发现自己将有能力创设一种全新的身份，而这种身份和他们真实的外表或行为完全不同。他们可以给自己的虚拟形象穿上漂亮的衣服，或者他们可以尝试成为一个异性，并称自己为安迪，而不是安娜！当互联网用户意识到自己的虚拟形象不仅仅朋友可见，更多其他人也可以看到时，他们开始拥有不止一个虚拟形象：一个用于工作的明智的虚拟形象；一个用于社交的友好、好看的虚拟形象以及一个用来搞笑的愚蠢的虚拟形象。虚拟形象能够让你表达自己，同时给你更多的创造空间。 Of course，the avatar you choose says a lot about your personality.If your blog㉔ avatar is a picture of a cute cat，your message is “I like relaxing㉕ and having fun”．Well-known cartoon characters㉖ or laughing monkeys say “I'm a really funny person”．Most people create avatars that have similar㉗ features㉘ to their personalities and that look more or less like them and act like them. However，nearly all avatars are tall，young and nice-looking㉙，so people obviously㉚ make their avatars look better than they do in real life.They also experiment㉛ with things like different hairstyles㉜—which says a lot，perhaps，about what they want to look like. 该句中avatars是先行词，其后有两个定语从句，引导词都是that。 ㉔blog /blɒɡ/n.博客；网络日志 vi.写博客 ㉕relax v．放松；休息 ㉖character n．人物；角色 ㉗similar adj.相似的 ㉘feature n．特点，特征 ㉙nice-looking adj.好看的 ㉚obviously /'ɒbviəsli/adv.显而易见地，明显地 ㉛experiment /Ik'sperImənt/vi.& vt.做实验，进行试验 n．实验 ㉜hairstyle /'heəstaIl/n.发型，发式 当然，你选择的虚拟形象也能反映出你的个性。如果你的博客头像是一只可爱的猫的图片，你的信息就告诉网友“我喜欢放松和快乐”。著名的卡通人物或会笑的猴子就表示“我是一个很有趣的人”。大多数人创造的虚拟形象与他们的个性有相似的特征，看起来或多或少像他们，行为举止也像。然而，几乎所有的虚拟形象都是高大、年轻和好看的，所以很明显，人们会让自己的虚拟形象看起来比现实生活中更好。他们也会尝试不同的发型——这也许说明了他们想要成为什么样的人。 Nowadays，avatars are everywhere.In most web chats，people choose an avatar from a selection㉝of ready-made㉞ images，or create their own images.You can also use avatars that move around and talk when you type㉟ in your message. The avatars in online worlds can talk，walk and fly around，meet people，go shopping and attend classes. 该句中that引导定语从句，修饰avatars；when引导时间状语从句。 ㉝selection /sI'lekʃən/n.供选择的同类物品；选择 ㉞ready-made adj.现成的；已做好的 ㉟type /taIp/vi.& vt.打；打字 n．类型，种类，型号 现在，到处都是虚拟形象。在大多数网络聊天中，人们会从一组现成的图片中选择一个虚拟形象，或者创建自己的形象。当你输入信息时，也可以使用可以移动和说话的虚拟形象。网络世界里的虚拟形象可以说话、走路、飞行、与人见面、购物和上课。 The use of avatars has also caused㊱ a few concerns㊲.Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual㊳ worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world. The use of several avatars can also be a risk㊴，as people can use avatars to cheat㊵ others online.However，other users view㊶ avatars in a more positive㊷ light.They look forward to a time when their avatar will act like a real person and travel around bigger，more exciting virtual worlds. 该句中含“so...that...”结构，意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。 ㊱cause v．引起 n．起因 ㊲concern /kən'sɜːn/n.担忧，忧虑 vt.与……有关；使担心 ㊳virtual /'vɜːtʃuəl/adj.虚拟的；模拟的 ㊴risk n．风险，冒险 ㊵cheat /tʃiːt/vt.欺骗；欺诈 ㊶view /vjuː/vt.看，把……视为 ㊷positive adj.积极的，正面的 虚拟形象的使用也已经引起了一些担忧。一些用户担心他们在虚拟世界沉溺太久，以至于开始害怕在现实世界中与人交往。使用几个虚拟形象也可能是一个风险，因为人们可能使用虚拟形象在网上欺骗他人。然而，其他用户则以更积极的态度看待虚拟形象。他们期待着有朝一日，自己的虚拟形象会像真人一样去环游更广阔、更精彩的虚拟世界。 Part 2　语篇研析 1．Match the main ideas with the paragraphs. Para.1　　　　 A．The views about avatars. Para.2 B．The history of avatars. Para.3-5 C．The definition of an avatar. Para.6 D．The purposes of using avatars. 答案：Para.1 C；Para.2 B；Para.3-5 D；Para.6 A 2．What does the text mainly tell us? The text is mainly about ____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ the definition，development history of online avatars，the purposes of avatars' use and people's views on virtual avatars ． 3．What is the type of the text? A．Narration(记叙文). B．Argumentative essay(议论文). C．Expository writing(说明文). D．Practical writing(应用文). 答案：C Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What's the function of the first paragraph? A．To give you some examples. B．To tell how important it is to create avatars. C．To introduce the topic. D．To describe how to create avatars. 答案：C 2．What are avatars? Avatars are ，and a key part of how people use the Internet to communicate and express themselves. digital identities/images Ⅱ.Read Para.2 carefully and answer the question. How did avatars develop? The first simple 2D avatars appeared in role-playing computer games. Avatars had been used in web chats. Ⅲ.Read Para.3-5 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Fill in the blanks. Avatars Details Purposes of using avatars To express oneself People discovered that they were going to have the (1)____________ to create new (2)____________．Avatars give people lots of room for (3)____________． To represent oneself The avatar people choose says a lot about their (4)____________. power identities creativity personalities 2.What kind of avatar means that you are a funny person? A.A cute cat. B.A small mouse. C.A laughing monkey. D.A nice-looking person. 答案：C 3．Why do some users have more than one avatar? A．Because they have the power to create more avatars. B．Because they don't want others to know their sex. C．Because they don't want to make their avatars seen by their friends. D．Because they want to use different avatars in different situations. 答案：D Ⅳ.Read Para.6 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．List the reasons why some people hold a negative attitude to the use of avatars. (1)______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world. People can use avatars to cheat others online so the use of several avatars can also be a risk. 2．Why do some people hold a positive attitude to the use of avatars? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Because they look forward to a time when their avatar will act like a real person and travel around bigger，more exciting virtual worlds. 3．What's the author's attitude towards avatars? A．Subjective.　　　　 B．Objective. C．Positive. D．Negative. 答案：B Ⅴ.Discussion 1．What does the writer mean by “the avatar you choose says a lot about your personality”？Do you agree with the writer？Give examples to support your opinion.(Critical thinking批判性思维) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ “The avatar you choose says a lot about your personality” may mean that most people create avatars that have similar features to their personalities and that look more or less like them and act like them.Yes，I agree with the writer.For example，if a person's blog avatar is a picture of a cute cat, his/her message is “I like relaxing and having fun”． 2．What's your favourite avatar online? Why do you prefer it？(Creative thinking创造性思维) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I often use a cartoon character avatar.The main reasons are that it can avoid online safety risks and express myself freely. Avatars are digital images 1.____________ you use to represent yourself online.You can choose 2.____________ avatar from a 3.____________ (select) of ready-made images，or create your own images.Although avatars haven't been around for long，they are 4.____________ (wide) used. that/which an selection widely Avatars let you express 5.__________ (you) and give you lots of room for creativity.But the use of avatars has also caused a few 6.__________ (concern).Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds 7.________ they are becoming afraid of 8.__________ (meet) people in the real world.The use of several avatars can also be a risk，as people can use avatars 9.____________ (cheat) others online.However, many people see avatars in a more positive light.They look forward to a time when their avatar will act like a real person and travel around 10._______ (big)，more exciting virtual worlds. yourself concerns that meeting to cheat bigger 1．These digital identities，known as avatars，are a key part of how people use the Internet to communicate and express themselves. [句式分析]　此句是____________。known as avatars是过去分词短语作____________，修饰these digital identities；how引导____________；to communicate and express themselves为不定式短语作____________。 主从复合句 定语 宾语从句 目的状语 [自主翻译]　 ____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 这些数字身份，被称作虚拟形象，是人们利用互联网进行交流和表达自己的关键部分。 2．When people started creating their own avatars, they discovered that they were going to have the power to create new identities that did not look or act like their real selves at all. [句式分析]　本句为____________，when引导____________，意为“当……的时候”；第一个that引导____________；第二个that引导____________，修饰先行词identities。 主从复合句 时间状语从句 宾语从句 定语从句 [自主翻译]　 ____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 当人们开始创设自己的虚拟形象时，他们发现自己将有能力创设一种全新的身份，而这种身份和他们真实的外表或行为完全不同。 3．They also experiment with things like different hairstyles—which says a lot，perhaps，about what they want to look like. [句式分析]　此句是____________。which引导____________，在从句中作____________；what引导____________，在从句中作____________。 [自主翻译]　 ____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 主从复合句 定语从句 主语 宾语从句 宾语 他们也会尝试不同的发型——这也许说明了他们想要成为什么样的人。 4．Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world. [句式分析]　此句是____________。第一个that引导____________；第二个that为“so...that...”句型，引导_______________。 [自主翻译]　 ____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 主从复合句 宾语从句 结果状语从句 一些用户担心他们在虚拟世界沉溺太久，以至于开始害怕在现实世界中与人交往。 5．They look forward to a time when their avatar will act like a real person and travel around bigger，more exciting virtual worlds. [句式分析]　此句是____________。look forward to意为“____________”，to是____________；when 引导____________，修饰先行词a time，when在从句中作____________。 [自主翻译]　 ____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ 主从复合句 期待，盼望 介词 定语从句 时间状语 他们期待着有朝一日，自己的虚拟形象会像真人一样去环游更广阔、更精彩的虚拟世界。 课时作业 巩固提升 阅读理解 A Artificial intelligence (AI) models have long surpassed (超过) just creating text responses and images. Now, with only one sentence, OpenAI's latest text-to-video model, Sora, can turn your words into video with good visual quality while faithfully following your content instructions. Sora is said to perform better than many other existing models with similar functions. The AI model can create video at suitable aspect ratios (屏幕高宽比) for different devices, such as both widescreen videos and vertical videos that we usually see on social media. It also lets users quickly test out content in lower quality before making the high-quality version, which helps speed up output according to the user's requests. Aside from this, its ability to present videos in a realistic and smooth manner is amazing. Sora can create detailed scenes with several characters, scientific types of motion, and accurate subject and background details while generating multiple shots with a single video. Beyond the user's requests, it also understands how these elements exist in the real world. For example, reflections in the water change as a woman walks by. Sora's amazing performance wouldn't be possible without its helpful assistant, ChatGPT, which transforms simple sentences into detailed descriptions, improving the accuracy of output according to the user's prompts (提示语). However, the current model isn't perfect. It may have trouble accurately showing how things move in a complicated scene and might not get how one action leads to another. For example, if someone eats part of a cookie in a Sora-made video, the cookie might not look like it's been bitten into. The model might mix up directions like left and right, and find it hard to describe events in the right order.One possible reason is that Sora learns each basic unit of a video，known as a spacetime patch (时空补丁)，independently. As of February, Sora is still in the testing stage of development. OpenAI is now inviting cybersecurity professionals to make random attacks on Sora's system, aiming to test the model's possible weaknesses and risks. Sora has also been open to some visual artists, designers and filmmakers. Their feedback (反馈) will assist OpenAI in enhancing the model to better serve creative professionals. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了最新的文生视频大模型Sora可以将您的文字转换为视觉质量良好的视频，同时忠实地遵循您的内容说明，以及讲述了这个视频模型的优势以及局限性。 2 3 1 4 1．What is the main focus of paragraphs 2-3? A．Sora's strengths.　　 B．Sora's variety. C．Sora's development. D．Sora's techniques. 答案：A 段落大意题。第二段以及第三段主要讲述了Sora的优势。故选A。 2．How does ChatGPT contribute to Sora's capabilities? A．By specifying user input. B．By providing verbal feedback. C．By examining sample videos. D．By improving video quality. 答案：A 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Sora's amazing performance wouldn't be possible without its helpful assistant, ChatGPT, which transforms simple sentences into detailed descriptions, improving the accuracy of output according to the user's prompts.”可推知，ChatGPT可以将简单的句子转换成详细的描述，通过特定用户输入的提示词，提高准确性，提升了Sora的能力。故选A。 2 3 1 4 3．Why does the author provide the example in paragraph 5? A．To stress Sora's potential safety risks. B．To illustrate Sora's existing limitations. C．To show Sora's perfect performance. D．To explain the concept of a spacetime patch. 答案：B 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据第五段的“However, the current model isn't perfect. It may have trouble accurately showing how things move in a complicated scene and might not get how one action leads to another.”可推断，下文的例子是为了说明Sora的局限性。故选B。 2 3 1 4 4．What can we know about Sora up to now? A．It has been made available to various industries. B．Its commercial release has been called off. C．It has exposed alarming security issues. D．It is undergoing testing and improvement. 答案：D 2 3 1 4 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，Sora正在测试和改进。故选D。 2 3 1 4 B As online technology advanced, websites and blogs became powerful sources of information that allowed everyone to stay updated on any subject imaginable.Although all of these information sources remain popular, there's a new king of media and it's online video. There are many reasons why online video has increased suddenly over the past few years.The first is increasing data speeds.Once faster Internet speeds were provided, people quickly fell in love with online videos.The second reason why online videos have become so popular is convenience.Watching videos requires less effort and energy than reading through paragraphs of text after a day of hard work. Advancing digital technology has also helped, as it has made sharing videos easier and more convenient than ever.High-powered smartphones and more affordable video cameras allow anyone to easily record an event or give a few comments about a scorching topic that is on their mind.Meanwhile, some sites allow users to quickly upload their videos and share them with friends, family, and the general public if they wish. The future also looks bright for companies which post online video ads.In fact, new software allows them to watch viewers' emotional reactions to their content through the users' webcams (网络摄像机).They'll be able to see whether users laugh, cry, or feel bored during videos, so they can adjust their ads.This should prove extremely helpful, as there will be millions of videos competing for viewers' attention. [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了网络视频受到人们欢迎的原因。 5 6 7 8 5．Why do some people prefer watching videos to reading after work? A．It helps them save time. B．It helps them review the news. C．It helps them get information with relative ease. D．It provides them with much more information. 答案：C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Watching videos requires less effort and energy than reading through paragraphs of text after a day of hard work.”可知，看视频与看书相比，获取信息相对要轻松一些。故选C。 5 6 7 8 6．What does the underlined word “scorching” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Unusual.　　　　　 B．Future. C．Hot. D．Social. 答案：C 5 6 7 8 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“High-powered smartphones and more affordable video cameras allow anyone to easily record an event or give a few comments about a scorching topic that is on their mind.”和常识可知，人们对某个话题很关心，并想要记录或发表评论，说明这个话题很热门，所以scorching应该表示“热门的”。故选C。 5 6 7 8 7．How will the software mentioned in the last paragraph help companies in the future? A．It will make people like their videos. B．It will cause viewers to create more popular videos. C．It will let more viewers see the advertisements they make. D．It will enable them to better understand what customers enjoy. 答案：D 5 6 7 8 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“They'll be able to see whether users laugh, cry, or feel bored during videos, so they can adjust their ads.”可知，新的软件可以利用用户的网络摄像头监控访问者对视频内容的反馈情况，公司可以更加精准地知道人们的喜好。故选D。 5 6 7 8 8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Online Video：the New King of Media B．Online Technology is Developing Fast C．Online Video：a New Advertising Trend D．Online Technology is Closely Related to People 答案：A 5 6 7 8 标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Although all of these information sources remain popular, there's a new king of media and it's online video.”可知，网络视频是新媒体中的佼佼者，后面几段又给出了网络视频受欢迎的原因，所以整篇文章都在介绍网络视频这个媒体中的新王者。故选A。 5 6 7 8 $$