Unit7 Grammar～Task 学案 -2024-2025学年牛津译林版英语八年级下册

知识梳理： Grammar, integrated skills and study skills 1. hand out leaflets to people向人们分发传单 hand out 分发；提出 hand in上交 2. hold a charity show 举行一次慈善义演 3. be set up in Europe在欧洲建立 set up 建起，设立 4. part of the United Nations 联合国的一部分 5. make the world a better place for children 使得世界成为一个更适合孩子们的地方 6. want the children to be healthy想让孩子们健康 7. raise money by selling Christmas cards 通过卖圣诞卡片募集钱 8. organize some activities组织一些活动 9. prevent them from getting illness 防止他们得病 10. look pale看上去苍白 11. What’s the matter (with sb)？(某人)怎么了？ ---What’s wrong with you? ---I don’t feel well. 我觉得不舒服 12. get toothache 牙疼 13. How long have you felt like this? 你感觉这样/这么不舒服多久了？ 14. have a check 检查一下 15. nothing serious 没有什么严重的 16. Take this medicine after meals three times a day. 饭后服药，一天三次。 17.not---at all一点也不 not---any more= no more不再 18. Will it be a success? Will it be successful? 它将会成功吗？ 19. keep asking myself不断问我自己 20. No time to be nervous any more.没有时间再紧张了。 21. make a lot of noise发出很多吵闹声 22.have to speak loudly不得不大声说话 Task 1. a secretary of a company 一家公司的秘书 2. be afraid of flying 害怕飞行 3. train as a nurse 培训为一名护士 4. live in a comfortable flat 住在一个舒适的公寓里 5. take the plane 乘飞机 6. help poor people with eye problems see again 帮助患有眼疾的穷人重见光明 7. make up one’s mind to do sth 下定决心做某事 make up her mind to train as a nurse下定决心培训当护士 decide to do sth. 8. attend courses 参加课程 9. travel over 300 days a year 一年中超过300天都在旅游 10. get used to travelling by plane 习惯于乘飞机旅行 11. have as much money as before 和以前有一样多的钱 12. She thinks her life is more meaningful. 她认为她的人生更有意义。 13. used to work on the farm all day 过去常常整日在农场上工作 14. an officer 一个官员 15. learn about the conditions of the local people 了解当地人们的情况 16. enter a school 考入学校 三. 词形变化 1. especial-especially 2. educate-education 3. spread-spread-spread 4. interview-interviewer read-reader office-officer 5. blind-blindness 6. medicine-medical 7. treat-treatment 8. develop-developed-developing-development 9. hold-held-held set-set-set-setting 10. secretary-secretaries 11. operate-operation 12. most-mostly 语法复习： 　一、 被动语态的用法： 　　1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 　　Our classroom is cleaned every day. 我们教室每天都被打扫。 　　I am asked to study hard. 我被告知要努力学习。 　　Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来切东西的。 　　2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 　　A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。 　　Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 恐龙蛋被放置了很久很久。 　　3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 　　A new hospital will be built in our city. 我们城市将要修建一家新医院。 　　Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年会种更多的树。 　　4. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 　　Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ 　　My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自行车。 　　They are planting trees over there. → 　　Trees are being planted over there by them. 他们在那里种植的树木。 　　5. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 　　This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。 　　Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 在许多国家有许多人造卫星被送上了太空。 　　6.过去进行时的被动语态构成：was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词 　　The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.当他的父母赶到医院的时候这个男孩正在做手术。 　　The new road was being made.这条新路正在修筑。 　　7.过去完成时的被动语态构成：had + been + 及物动词的过去分词 　　The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老师来之前，教室尚未打扫。 　　The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema.在门票被销售一空前我赶到了电影院。 　　8.将来完成时的被动语态构成：shall/will + have done 　　They will have been married for 20 years by then. 届时，他们结婚将满20周年。 　　The project will have been completed before May.该项目将在五月前完成。 　　9.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 　　Young trees must be watered often. 小树需要经常浇水。 　　Your mistakes should be corrected right now. 你应该现在就改正你的错误。 　　The door may be locked inside. 这扇门可以反锁。 　　Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 你的家庭作业可以明天交。 　　二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态? 　　把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤： 1. 先找出谓语动词； 　　2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语； 3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语； 　　4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。 　　例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week. 布鲁斯每星期写一封信。 2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning. →The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 李雷今天上午在修理坏的自行车。 　　3. He has written two novels so far.→ Two novels have been written by him so far. 至今他已写了两部小说。 　　4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→ Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 他们明天将要种植十棵树。 　　5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→ A letter is being written by Lucy now. 露西正在写信。 　　6. You must lock the door when you leave.→ The door must be locked when you leave. 当你离开的时候你必须把门锁上。 　　三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题： 　　1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 　　What will happen in 100 years？一百年里会发生什么事？ 　　The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 约65万年前恐龙灭绝。 　　2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 　　This pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好写。 　　This new book sells well. 这本新书卖的很好。 　　3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。 　　例：make somebody do something→ somebody+ be +made to do something 　　see somebody do something→ somebody +be +seen to do something 　　A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. →My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 一个女孩看到我的钱夹掉了当她经过的时候。 　　The boss made the little boy do heavy work. → The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 这个老板让这小男孩干重活。 　　4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 　　He gave me a book. → A book was given to me by him. 他给了我一本书。 　　He showed me a ticket. → A ticket was shown to me by him. 他给我展示了一张票。 My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 我父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。 　　5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 　　We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laugh at by us. 我们不能嘲笑他。 　　He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. 他每天都收听广播。 　　The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.这护士在照顾这个虚弱的男人。 随堂练习： Grammar-Task 一、根据句意、首字母或中文提示写单词。（每小题1分，共5分） 1. The people with _____________（苍白的）skin look good in purple. 2. Betty lived in a _____________（舒服的）flat and drove to work in the past. 3. _____________（印度）has the second largest population in the world. 4. The note says the company needs a _____________（秘书）. 5. The doctor told him that this kind of _____________（药）might work on him. 6. The result of the c_____________ shows that Mrs Lee has caught pneumonia. 7. Tom has many hobbies, i _____________hiking and running. 8. A UNICEF o_____________ came and learned about the conditions of the local people. 9. ---What’s the _____________with you? ---I have a bad cold. 10. ---Daniel fell off his bike yesterday, but nothing _____________happened. ---How lucky he was! 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。（每小题1分，共10分） 1. There aren’t many tickets _____________（leave) for the romantic film. 2. By __________（sell) Christmas cards, the children want to raise money for Project Hope. 3. I think that Eric writes as _____________（careful) as Betty. 4. Rubbish _____________（separate) into groups in many other cities now, following the practice in Shanghai. 5. The telephone _____________（invent) by Antonio Meucci in 1860. 6. You can also ask your teachers for help if you have any _____________（far)problems. 7. Would you mind my _____________（open) that window? It’s very hot. 8. Have you decided _____________（give) up playing computer games? 9. Dr Brown will have two _____________（operate) tomorrow afternoon. 10. It is important for the kids in poor areas _____________（receive) basic education. 三、翻译下列句子。（每小题3分，共15分） 1. 到目前为止，我已经游览过许多风景名胜，但是我从来不乘飞机。 So far, I ________________________, but I never _______________. 2. 尽管史密斯先生不像以前那样有钱，但是我为他的生活更有意义了。 Mr Smith doesn’t have __________________, but I think his life is _____________. 3. 在希望工程的帮助下，全国数百万的孩子得到了基础教育。 _________________Project Hope, _____________children all over the country have received basic education. 4. 志愿者们在大街上分发传单给人们。 ________________________ people in the street by volunteers. 5. 我很开心能够帮助贫困地区的人们改善他们的生活。 __________________________________________________________________ 四、单项选择。（每小题1分，共10分） 1. Which of the following is part of the United Nations? A. Oxfam. B. UNICEF. C.WWF. D.ORBIS. 2. Anna is being trained ________a nurse. She will work ________ORBIS. A. for; as B. like; for C. as; for D. like; as 3. Sometimes it’s not safe ________by plane. So my mother is afraid of ________ the plane to Japan. A. travelling; taking B. to travel; to take C. travelling; to take D. to travel; taking 4. ---Will you go to Lisa’s housewarming party next Sunday? ---Well, if I ________, I will go on time. A. invite B. will invite C. am invited D. will be invited 5. --- ________have you kept this book? ---For two months. A. How soon B. How old C. How long D. How often 6. ---Where’s your cousin? ---It’s said that she ________France and she will be back ________a month. A. has been to; after B. has gone to; in C. has been to; in D. has gone to; for 7. Diana used to ____to work, but now she is used to _____because the road is crowded and she wants to keep fit. A. drive; walk B. drive; walking C. driving; walk D. driving; walking 8. The government is trying its best to improve the ________of the farmers. A. information B. instructions C. invitation D. conditions 9. ---How was your trip with your parents? ---Not bad. But I don’t understand why we ________to so many museums. A. took B. were taken C. have taken D. are taken 10. ---Mr Wang, can I go to play football with my classmates as soon as school is over? --- ________ We have to prepare for the coming Art Festival together. A. Why not? B. I hope so. C. I’m afraid not. D. Of course. 五、阅读理解。（每小题2分，共10分） Close your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you couldn’t see. Imagine having to read this page, not with your eyes but with your fingers. How do you feel, then? With medical knowledge and skills today, two-thirds of the world's 42 million blind people should not have to suffer. Unluckily, rich countries have this knowledge, but developing countries do not. ORBIS is an international charitable(慈善的）organization. Its goal is to help fight blindness all over the world. Inside a DC-8 airplane, there is a teaching hospital with television room and classroom. Doctors are taught the latest technology of helping the blind get sight again here. ORBIS is always trying to keep a closer relation among countries. ORBIS helps those developing countries by providing sight-saving training. It has taught over 35,000 doctors and nurses. They continue to treat thousands of blind people every year. They have travelled around earth 3 times, visited 76 countries and treated over 20,000 blind people. They need your help to continue their work and free people from blindness. For just $ 38, you can help one person see; for $ 380 ten people can see; $ 1,300 helps train a doctor new skills; and for $ 13,000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again. Your love can help them open their eyes to the world. 1. How many blind people should not have to suffer with medical knowledge and skills today? A. 14 million. B. 42 million. C. 28 million. D. 200 million. 2. A lot of blind people in the world have to suffer because ________. A. ORBIS didn't do its best to offer help B. there is no good medical knowledge and skills C. some countries can't afford medical knowledge and skills D. developing countries don't pay much attention to the blind 3. According to this passage, ORBIS helps fight blindness by doing the following EXCEPT ________. A. writing this kind of articles to ask for help B. providing sight-saving training C. treating thousands of blind people every year D. trying to keep a closer relation among countries 4. The last paragraph is mainly about ________. A. how much a training program for a group of doctors costs B. why ORBIS needs your help to continue their work C. who can make thousands of blind people see again D. what you can do to help blind people open their eyes 5. The writer writes this passage in order to ________. A. introduce an international charitable organization B. ask people to give the blind a hand C. tell how you will feel if you close your eyes for a minute D. explain why ORBIS helps fight blindness 参考答案 一、1. pale 2. comfortable 3. India 4. secretary 5. medicine 6. check 7. including 8. officer 9. matter 10. serious 二、1. left 2. selling 3. carefully 4. is separated 5. was invented 6. further 7. opening 8. to give 9. operations 10. to receive 三、1. have travelled to many places of interest; take the plane 2. as much money as before; more meaningful 3. With the help of; millions of 4. Leaflets are handed out to 5. I’m glad to be able to help people in poor areas improve their lives. 四、1~5 BCDCC 6~10 BBDBC 五、1~5 CCADB 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$